The elimination of Negative Impact of Geological Compound of the Environment on Health Status of Residents in the District

S. Rapant, V. Cvečková, K. Fajčíková State geological insitute of Dionyz Stur, Mlynská dolina 1, Bratislava, [email protected]

LIFE FOR KRUPINA, LIFE 12/ENV/SK/094 Acronym: LIFE FOR KRUPINA Project title: The elimination of Negative Impacts of Geological Compound of the Environment on Health Status of Residents in the Krupina District

Project location: Krupina District

Budget info: Total amount: 417,750 € EU contribution requested: 201,153 € (49.59 %) Project code: LIFE 12 ENV/SK/094 Duration : 01/10/2013 30/09/2017 Coordinating beneficiary: Štátny geologický ústav Dionýza Štúra

Associated beneficiary: Mesto Krupina (City Krupina)

LIFE FOR KRUPINA, LIFE 12/ENV/SK/094 Objectives: The main objective of the project is the improvement of health status of residents in the Krupina district. This project will lead not only to description of real status but also to realization of required interventions and remedial measurements.

Analysis of relationship between geological environment (environmental indicators – chemical elements) and health status of residents (health indicators) is the main scope of our work.

LIFE FOR KRUPINA, LIFE 12/ENV/SK/094 Why Krupina district? 1. Health status of residents in the Krupina district is one of the most unfavourable. 2. Character of settlement: mainly rural, residents living in family houses with own gardens. 3. Krupina district is characterized by low level of anthropogenic contamination of geological compounds of the environment. 4. Geology of the Krupina district: Neogene volcanics defined in the previous studies as the most unfavourable geological environment for human health. 5. Krupina district is characterized by deficit contents of Ca and Mg in groundwater. 6. Public supply by drinking water is mainly from local pipelines or from Neogene volcanics in the vicinity of the Krupina district, characterized with low water hardness, total dissolved solids, Ca and Mg contents, ... 7. 5 municipalities of the district are without water supply – individual wells or captured springs (including also municipalities with water supply) LIFE FOR KRUPINA, LIFE 12/ENV/SK/094 KRUPINA district: • Health status of residents in the Krupina district is one of the most unfavourable

LIFE FOR KRUPINA, LIFE 12/ENV/SK/094 Background and origin of the work Health status of residents in expressed through 30 dimensional fuzzy cluster analysis

• Slovakia is divided into two parts: Southern part with worse health status and Northern part with better health status of population • Worse health status in Southern part reflects higher level of contamination and unfavourable geological environment • The most favourable health status – districtsTvrdošín, Bardejov, Trenčín, Svidník, ...

LIFE FOR KRUPINA, LIFE 12/ENV/SK/094 • The most unfavourable health status – districts Detva, Krupina, B. Štiavnica, Gelnica, ... Background and origin of the work HEALTH INDICATORS* Parameter LEm LEw ReC ReE ReI Unit years No. of deaths per 100 000 inhabitants Selected health indicators in Slovak Republic 67.44 77.07 212.79 14.38 531.05 Krupina district 63.80 74.06 283.74 32.04 1,071.84 Bzovík 68.69 76.80 115.17 0.00 502.57 municipalities of the Krupina Čabradský Vrbovok 58.35 74.59 292.16 48.69 1,038.79 Čekovce 66.54 77.92 310.13 0.00 861.47 district compared with the Cerovo 62.05 77.43 290.46 20.75 746.89 Devičie 62.43 70.96 145.99 0.00 1,021.90 Dolné Mladonice 76.12 73.08 252.68 63.17 758.05 Slovak Republic Dolný Badín 66.55 70.51 112.36 74.91 898.88 Domaníky 58.56 77.99 296.44 98.81 790.51 Drážovce 62.15 71.87 155.40 0.00 543.90 50.92 74.18 325.47 0.00 1,464.61 68.97 77.20 187.21 0.00 484.15 65.79 73.00 238.44 0.00 786.84 *LEm– life expectancy for men, 64.02 74.54 207.98 26.00 604.45 LEw – life expectancy for women Hontianske Tesáre 66.38 73.87 250.39 23.85 930.01 Horné Mladonice 59.41 78.25 320.86 53.48 1,336.90 Horný Badín 67.28 75.76 157.89 0.00 789.47 ReC – malignant neoplasms, Jalšovík 68.53 69.82 145.56 0.00 824.84 ReE – endocrine , nutritional and metabolic diseases Kozí Vrbovok 71.38 69.73 172.91 0.00 806.92 Kráľovce Krnišov 57.35 77.41 236.41 59.10 2 364.07 ReI – diseases of the circulatory system Krupina 64.71 73.44 216.19 19.99 717.31 67.29 71.46 314.47 0.00 1 493.71 64.72 76.21 354.95 32.27 709.91 Lišov 62.87 81.43 241.94 0.00 887.10 60.48 69.96 293.76 24.48 758.87 60.80 68.83 238.00 0.00 1,071.00 Rykynčice 59.53 78.58 308.32 25.69 1,567.32 61.97 73.23 212.59 34.01 807.82 Selce 61.86 72.12 562.25 80.32 1,445.78 67.22 74.90 296.82 13.49 822.99 Positive indicator – better at higher levels 67.28 76.15 290.70 145.35 1,308.14 Súdovce 60.54 73.78 432.90 0.00 1,202.50 58.98 65.00 483.16 69.02 3,837.66 Negative indicators – worse at higher levels Trpín 69.28 59.09 231.12 0.00 847.46 Uňatín 56.50 76.81 630.15 48.47 581.68 LIFE FOR KRUPINA, LIFE 12/ENV/SK/094 65.44 79.86 656.46 72.94 1,312.91 Žibritov 65.79 80.54 236.97 118.48 1,658.77 KRUPINA district: • Character of settlement: mainly rural, residents living in family houses with own gardens

Krupina district:

 36 municipalities with 2 of them with city status (Krupina > 8000 inhabitants, Dudince > 1400 inhabitants),  In average 39 inhabitants living per 1 sqkm,  Small municipalities with number of inhabitants up to 500 dominate,  Inhabitants live dominantly in family houses with their own gardens closer relationship with local environment (growing and consumption of locally grown vegetables and fruits)

LIFE FOR KRUPINA, LIFE 12/ENV/SK/094 KRUPINA district: • Krupina district is characterized by low level of anthropogenic contamination of geological compounds of the environment

Environmental risk from contamination of geological compounds of the environment groundwater, soil (Rapant et al. 2010)

LIFE FOR KRUPINA, LIFE 12/ENV/SK/094 KRUPINA district: • Geology of the Krupina district: Neogene volcanics defined in the previous studies as the most unfavourable geological environment for human health

LIFE FOR KRUPINA, LIFE 12/ENV/SK/094 Geological map 1 : 500 000 Rock types: Mainly andesites and various varieties of pyroclastics

Geochemical background

Chemical composition of groundwater/soils: Contents of macroelements Ca and Mg in groundwater, water hardness, total dissolved solids in groundwater, HCO 3 in groundwater, carbonates in soils indicate Ca and Mg deficit in geological environment LIFE FOR KRUPINA, LIFE 12/ENV/SK/094 Charakteristics of health status of inhabitants according to geological structure

The most favourable

LIFE FOR KRUPINA, LIFE 12/ENV/SK/094 The most unfavourable KRUPINA district: • Krupina district is characterized by deficit contents of Ca and Mg in groundwater

LIFE FOR KRUPINA, LIFE 12/ENV/SK/094 ENVIRONMENTAL INDICATORS

Parameter MIN Ca+Mg Ca Mg Cl NO 3 Unit mg.l 1 mmol.l 1 mg.l 1 mg.l 1 mg.l 1 mg.l 1 Limit value* 1,000 1.1 5 >>>30 10 30 250 50 Selected contents of chemical Slovak Republic 566.66 3.14 83.66 25.60 28.67 34.35 Krupina district 394.31 1.73 47.22 13.34 19.52 26.26 elements in groundwater of Bzovík 284.12 1.11 30.06 8.63 11.17 28.70 Čabradský Vrbovok 329.51 0.89 24.85 6.57 2.48 4.00 municipalities of the krupina Čekovce 262.16 0.99 29.26 6.32 8.33 16.50 Cerovo 202.28 0.66 19.24 4.38 1.77 0.25 district compared with the Slovak Devičie 392.60 1.58 44.09 11.67 14.18 23.90 Dolné Mladonice 363,67 1,85 49,70 14,84 23,76 47,70 Republic Dolný Badín 549.64 2.32 61.32 19.21 53.36 25.90 Domaníky 237.87 1.00 27.98 7.25 7.09 6.80 Drážovce 359.13 1.59 46.09 10.70 6.20 4.80 Drienovo 166.16 0.80 22.44 5.84 10.11 9.50 Dudince 621.09 3.16 96.19 18.48 14.54 89.70 Hontianske Moravce 765.46 3.87 113.03 25.54 48.58 109.70 Hontianske Nemce 224.55 0.85 23.57 6.35 1.77 0.25 Hontianske Tesáre 1,031.15 2.33 61.00 19.60 63.65 93.30 Increased contents of chemical parameters Horné Mladonice 199.43 0.79 21.64 5.96 4.43 0.70 indicating anthropogenic contamination – Cl , Horný Badín 368.15 1.60 45.69 11.19 5.14 10.10 Jalšovík 310.65 1.22 31.26 10.70 2.30 1.80 NO 3 are bound to increased contents of Ca and Kozí Vrbovok 317.88 1.34 35.27 11.19 3.72 1.60 Mg that are complying to limit criteria Kráľovce Krnišov 137.85 0.44 12.83 2.92 1.42 1.90 Krupina 76.74 0.38 12.02 1.95 1.95 3.90 Lackov 192.82 0.64 16.83 5.35 2.13 0.25 Ladzany 171.81 0.46 14.03 2.68 3.37 0.25 Lišov 492.69 1.87 47.29 16.78 31.20 76.20 Litava 222.46 0.98 24.85 8.76 11.88 15.20 Medovarce 260.37 1.03 28.06 7.90 7.62 10.10 Rykynčice 821.89 4.35 108.82 39.81 40.42 113.60 Sebechleby 220.71 0.74 21.44 5.03 3.19 0.25 Selce 264.53 1.01 31.74 5.35 4.08 9.10 *Regulation of governement of the Senohrad 161.60 0.51 15.59 2.89 6.56 3.20 Sudince 628.79 3.15 92.26 20.67 52.65 69.60 Slovak Republic 496/2010 Z.z. Súdovce 489.70 2.29 65.73 15.81 11.35 20.90 Terany 659.33 3.43 98.24 23.69 16.66 37.20 Trpín 165.53 0.71 18.44 6.08 8.51 8.40 LIFE FOR KRUPINA, LIFE 12/ENV/SK/094 Uňatín 512.56 2.48 69.74 18.00 33.51 29.90 Zemiansky Vrbovok 193.05 0.60 16.03 4.86 5.32 2.50 Žibritov 215.73 0.74 18.84 6.57 1.60 0.90 Deficit contents of Ca and Mg relates to increased occurrence of cardiovascular and oncological diseases – decisive causes of death in Slovakia

 process of hematopoiesis Groundwater content  heartbeat of Ca and Mg  Prevention against oncological diseases, ...

Soft water Hard vessels

Soft water significantly increases the occurence of cardiovascular diseases Soft water relates to increase of oncological diseases

For healthy life is necessary favourable levels of Ca and Mg in drinking groundwater

LIFE FOR KRUPINA, LIFE 12/ENV/SK/094 Východiská a zameranie projektu KRUPINA district: • Public supply by drinking water is mainly from local pipelines or from Neogene volcanics in the vicinity of the Krupina district, characterized with low water hardness, total dissolved solids, Ca and Mg contents, ...

LIFE FOR KRUPINA, LIFE 12/ENV/SK/094 Water sources in the Krupina district

municipalities source Ca Mg Cl SO NO SiO TDS Ca+Mg Limit value 4 3 2 Dolné Mladonice local pipeline 28.90 9.17 2.18 7.62 3.38 - 188.96 1.10 In accordance with Government regulation Hontianaske Moravce bore hole 86.50 28.60 30.00 104.00 32.60 - 551.88 3.34 SR 496/2010 Z.z., Súdovce bore hole 86.50 28.60 30.00 104.00 32.60 - 551.88 3.34 Hontianske Tesáre bore hole 88.20 28.00 29.70 119.00 37.50 - 555.28 3.35 Ca > 30 mg.l 1 Drážovce bore hole 42.70 12.60 5.00 5.00 2.00 - 280.52 1.58 Bzovík water reservoir 26.40 12.10 2.50 5.00 2.00 - 201.65 1.16 1 Mg > 10 mg.l Sebechleby bore hole 58.00 16.20 21.70 20.10 29.80 - 365.27 2.11 1 Krá ľovce - Krnišov water reservoir 32.00 8.20 2.50 5.00 2.00 - 218.35 1.14 SO 4 – 250 mg.l 1 Krupina - Podzám čok bore hole 25.60 10.70 2.50 5.00 2.00 - 199.55 1.08 NO 3 – 50 mg.l Krupina - Vajskov prame ň spring 21.60 7.70 2.50 5.00 2.00 - 161.14 0.86 1 MIN – 1,000 mg.l Cerovo bore hole 26.40 11.60 2.50 5.00 2.00 - 203.15 1.14 Ca+Mg – 1.1 až 5.0 mmol.l 1 Horný Badín bore hole 44.80 11.60 2.50 5.00 8.78 - 263.74 1.60 Čenkovce water reservoir 34.40 8.20 5.90 5.00 4.63 - 218.58 1.20 Dolný Badín bore hole 40.80 10.20 5.30 5.00 8.65 - 192.89 1.44 Senohrad bore hole 22.90 5.10 2.50 5.00 2.00 - 43.60 0.78 Dudince waterreservoir 96.80 21.30 2.50 119.00 33.20 - 556.19 3.29 Terany waterreservoir 94.40 31.50 27.90 127.00 35.20 - 599.39 3.65 Ladzany waterreservoir 44.00 13.60 25.80 5.00 4.96 - 352.84 1.66 Hontianske Nemce waterreservoir 40.50 17.40 6.00 13.00 4.63 55.3 372.05 1.73 Devi čie waterreservoir 32.00 12.10 3.66 4.50 4.19 66.4 327.05 1.30 Ja ľšovik waterreservoir 34.40 14.40 3.90 7.52 2.12 50.0 316.31 1.45 Horné Mladonice water reservoir 22.90 7.23 4.38 3.00 1.37 52.5 241.75 0.87 Kozí Vrbovok waterreservoir 31.30 12.90 3.81 5.26 0.50 55.0 305.48 1.31 Čabradský Vrbovok water reservoir 31.70 8.75 3.46 5.44 9.34 53.1 258.22 1.15 Drienovo waterreservoir 47.00 14.40 6.14 4.81 10.80 61.2 374.11 1.77 Selce waterreservoir 34.00 13.50 3.43 3.19 2.88 56.3 310.62 1.40 Trpín waterreservoir 33.00 10.20 5.37 7.73 8.91 54.3 283.46 1.24 Litava water reservoir 21.50 7.40 2.79 8.27 2.84 53.5 216.91 0.84 Lackov water reservoir 22.00 6.66 2.66 8.16 2.47 55.2 223.91 0.82 Zemiansky Vrbovok water reservoir 32.30 9.70 4.86 9.50 7.78 58.0 285.18 1.21 Uňatín water reservoir 19.10 6.05 4.11 9.28 3.82 69.1 305.68 0.73 Medovarce waterreservoir 39.00 14.70 3.72 11.00 3.94 60.3 350.49 1.58 LIFE FOR KRUPINA, LIFE 12/ENV/SK/094 Rykyn čice waterreservoir 80.20 24.20 34.20 60.90 8.36 55.8 564.34 3.00 KRUPINA district: • 5 municipalities of the district are without water supply – individual wells or captured springs (including also municipalities with water supply)

LIFE FOR KRUPINA, LIFE 12/ENV/SK/094 Description key activities – partial results B1 Compilation of data set of environmental indicators Environmental indicators for groundwater and soils were compiled in table and map form and published at the project website www.geology.sk/lifeforkrupina/ Examples of EI map visualization:

LIFE FOR KRUPINA, LIFE 12/ENV/SK/094 Description key activities – partial results B2 Compilation of data set of health indicators Health indicators were compiled in table and map form and published at the conference website www.geology.sk/lifeforkrupina/

Examples of HI map visualization:

LIFE FOR KRUPINA, LIFE 12/ENV/SK/094 Description key activities – partial results B3 Linking environmental and health indicators The objective of this action is to identify those chemical elements/parameters that have the most significant influence on human health of residents living in the Krupina district and to define limit and optimum contents of these chemicals for groundwater and soils. This action is at the beginning of implementation. B4 Biomonitoring The objective of this action is to define contents of critical chemical elements in biological

materials of inhabitants (hair, nails) including: Ca, Mg, Na, K, SiO 2 • In municipalities with low Ca and Mg contents in groundwater/soils, • In municipalities with high Ca and Mg contents in groundwater/soils.

Progress of works: • Biological samples – hair and nails of children are collected (end of May 2015) • We have selected through public tender contractor for laboratory works.

LIFE FOR KRUPINA, LIFE 12/ENV/SK/094 Description key activities – partial results B5 Evaluation of life style and healthcare accessibility The objective of this action is to determine the rate of influence of life style and healthcare accessibility on worse health status of inhabitants in the Krupina district. Lifestyle was assessed through: • questionnaires(305) • interviews(70). Conclusion Lifestyle of the inhabitants of the Krupina district is similar to any other arbitrary Slovak district and it does not differ from Slovak average (standard). Partial results were presented at medicalhygienic international conference „Životné podmienky a zdravie“ („Environmental conditions and health“), organized in Nový Smokovec, September 2014 Healthcare accessibility will be implemented during this year, 2015

LIFE FOR KRUPINA, LIFE 12/ENV/SK/094 Description key activities – partial results B6 Environmentalhealth analysis The objective of this action is excerption of existing results and scientific findings on health effects of single chemical elements on humans. This action was not started yet.

B7 Realization of measurements 1. Edification and health education of inhabitants • Organization of 5 informative meetings in 5 municipalities in the Krupina district are planned to be organised during last year of project duration 2. Legislative measures • Not started yet 3. Technological measures • 7 water sources (wells, springs) used for individual water supply were selected (project planned – selection of 5 water sources) • Laboratory tests of dissolution of carbonate rocks were realized (published on the project website). Dissolution of dolomite is relatively low that is why we will perform water treatment adding about 10 % of „half burnt“ dolomite (it is much more soluble in water). LIFE FOR KRUPINA, LIFE 12/ENV/SK/094 Description key activities – partial results

D2 Any media work • 1 Press release was realized at the very beginning of project implementation according to project schedule (1 press conference is planned to be realized at the project end) • 5 TV shows were realized 3 in national and 2 in local TV (project planned 23 TV shows), • 5 newspaper articles 3 published in national daily newspapers, 2 published in regional press (35 articles planned within the project).

D7 Technical publications of the project • 1 scientific paper in current content magazine was published (3 papers are planned in the project) • 1 article has been accepted for publishing in Slovak magazine (3 papers are planned in the project • 2 papers were published in Books of abstracts from 2 conferences (3 papers were planned in the project boli publikované)

LIFE FOR KRUPINA, LIFE 12/ENV/SK/094 Description key activities – partial results

D8 Workshop, seminar, conference

• 25. – 26. September 2015 International workshop „Chemické prvky v životnom prostredí a

zdravie“ (Chemical elements in the environment and health“ was organized.

• ??? 26.July – 1.August 2015 MEDGEO2015, Aveiro, Portugal – International conference on Medical Geology

LIFE FOR KRUPINA, LIFE 12/ENV/SK/094 Thank you for your attention

Presentation was compiled within the project LIFE FOR KRUPINA

Aknowledgement Project is financially supported by the EU’s funding instrument for the environment – Life+ programme and financial contribution of the Ministry of Environment of the Slovak Republic

LIFE FOR KRUPINA, LIFE 12/ENV/SK/094