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A Comprehensive Review Article on Haridru (Adina Cordifolia Hook F)

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A Comprehensive Review Article on Haridru (Adina Cordifolia Hook F) wjpmr, 2021,7(9), 128 – 132. SJIF Impact Factor: 5.922 WORLD JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL Review Article Ritu et al. World Journal of Pharmaceutical and Medical Research AND MEDICAL RESEARCH ISSN 2455-3301 www.wjpmr.com WJPMR A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW ARTICLE ON HARIDRU (ADINA CORDIFOLIA HOOK F) Dr. Ritu*1, Naveen Kumar2, Dr. Kulbhushan3 and Dr. Satya Dev Pandey4 1Assistant Professor in Department of Dravyaguna Vigyana, at DBACH, Mandi Gobindgarh, Punjab. 2B.A.M.S. Student of 2nd year at DBACH, Mandi Gobindgarh, Punjab. 3Professor in Department of Swathvritta, at DBACH, Mandi Gobindgarh, Punjab. 4Professor in Department of Kaya Chikitsa, at DBACH, Mandi Gobindgarh, Punjab. *Corresponding Author: Dr. Ritu Assistant Professor in Department of Dravyaguna Vigyana, at DBACH, Mandi Gobindgarh, Punjab. Article Received on 16/06/2021 Article Revised on 06/07/2021 Article Accepted on 26/07/2021 ABSTRACT Ayurveda a deep ocean with lots of medicinal gems, whether these are known or unknown. Some of its gems are controversial due to their morphological structure and lack of knowledge. Here we are trying to describe Haridru as a separate drug with its medicinal importance. As we know Ayurveda is a life science which deals with about every Dravya present in universe. Haridru is a plant having medicinal importance in Ayurveda but generally explains as a variety of Kadamba or Kadamba itself in many classical texts. We are trying to compile the data which proves that Haridru is a separate drug neither Kadamba nor its variety on the basis of its morphology, properties & actions as per Ayurveda. This study may be helpful for further researchers for conducting their studies because it‟s controversial kind of drug having not much research on this. KEYWORDS: Haridru, Kadamba, Dravya, Ayurveda. INTRODUCTION mentioned it in Jawarghnadi Varga.[3] According to As we all know Ayurveda is full of advancement and many classical texts it works as Kapha-Pitta-Samaka,[4] having its own roots in the health care system. Many of Dugdhvardhaka.[5] Varnshodhan,[6] Kushthaghn.[7] etc. A drugs are accepted on the basis Ayurvedic principles and drug named Haridraka, also explained by in Madanpala used in as per mentioned in Ayurveda. Haridru is drug Nighantu.[8] possesses same characteristics like Haridru. which is mentioned almost all Ayurvedic texts but still But many authors explained Haridru separately in their not familiar to everyone. Some authors said it is a variety texts. In Madanpala Nighantu there is no clue about of Kadamba while some explains it in the form of Haridru but he mentioned a Haridraka.[9] as a separate separate drug. Haridru is a yellow tree with heart shaped drug which possess the characteristics of Haridru also leaves, having flower like Kadamba.[1] but in small size Haridraka is a synonym of Haridru according to Bapalal [2] [10] and having Supari like fruit. Acharya P.V. Sharma G Vaidya. Classical categorization of Haridru S. No. Classical texts Gana & Varga 1. Bhavprakash Nighantu.[11] Pushpa Varga 2. Madanpala Nighantu.[12] Vatadi Varga 3. Nighantu Adrash.[13] Manjisthadi Varga 4. Raja Nighantu.[14] Prabhadradi Varga 5. Dravyaguna Vijanam.[15] Jwarghnadi Varga Vernacular names of Haridru.[16] S. No. Language Names 1. Sanskrit Haridru 2. Hindi Hald 3. Bengali Kelikadamba 4. Marathi Hed 5. Gujrati Haldarvo 6. Tamil Manjkadamba 7. Udru Halnd 8. English Name [17] Yellow Teak, Saffron teak www.wjpmr.com │ Vol 7, Issue 9, 2021. │ ISO 9001:2015 Certified Journal │ 128 Ritu et al. World Journal of Pharmaceutical and Medical Research Synonyms of Haridru according to different classical texts S. No. Synonyms B.P.N.[18] M.P.N.[19] N.A.[20] R.N.[21] D.V.[22] 1. Haridru + - + + + 2. Haridraka - + + - - 3. Pitdaru - - + + + 4. Kadambapushpa - - + - - 5. Haridrum - - + - - 6. Harda - - + - - 7. Haldva - - + - - 8. Haldkha - - + - + 9. Haldu + - - - - 10. Jatkadamba + - - - - 11. Kelikadamba + - - - + 12. Pitkashtha - - - + - 13. Pitaka - - - + - 14. Kadambaka - - - + - 15. Supushpa - - - + - 16. Surahva - - - + - 17. Pitkadrum - - - + - 18. Pitvarna - + - - - 19. Shrimaan - + - - - 20. Gydrum - + - - - Action & uses of Haridru in different Classical texts S. No. Classical texts Actions & uses 1. Madanpala Nighantu.[23] Kaphahara, Vranshodhaka & Ropaka 2. Nighantu Adrash.[24] Varnya,Vranshodhan- Ropaka, Balya 3. Raja Nighantu.[25] Angkantidayak, Balya, Twakdoshnashana Kushtha, Varnvikara, Vranvikriti, 4. Dravyaguna Vijanam.[26] Agnimandhya, Yakritvikara 5. Kaidev Nighantu.[27] Varnya,Vranshodhan- Ropaka Rasapanchaka of Haridru in Different Classical texts S. No. Classical texts Rasa Guna Virya Vipaka Prabhav 1. Kaidev Nighantu[28] Kasya-Katu Laghu Usna Katu Kaphanashaka, Vranshodhaka-Ropaka 2. Madanpala Nighantu[29] - - - - Kaphahara, Vranshodhaka-Ropaka 3. Nighantu Adrash[30] Katu - Usna Katu Kaphahara, Varnya,Vranshodhan- Ropaka, Balya Mangyla, Pittahara, Balya, Kushthagna, 4. Raja Nighantu[31] Tikta - Sheeta - Angkantivardhaka Laghu, Kapha-Pitta-Samaka, Kushtha, Varnvikara, 5. Dravyaguna Vijanam[32] Tikta, Sheeta Katu Ruksha Vranvikriti, Agnimandhya, Yakritvikara Taxonomical classification of Haridru[33] S. No Taxonomical classification Adina cordifolia Benth & Hook. F. 1. Kingdom Plantae 2. Order Gentianales 3. Family Rubiaceae 4. Genus Adina 5. Spieces Adina cordifolia 6. Botanical name Adina cordifolia (Roxb.) Benth & Hook. F. Botanical Description of Haridru S. No. Botanical Description Haridru 1. Habit[34] Indigenous in deciduous tree. 2. Heartwood[35] Hard & yellowish in color. 3. Leaves[36] Opposite & heart shaped 4. Flower[37] Yellow colored & blooms together in balls with a diameter of 2-3cm. 5. Fruits[38] Numerous with round head. www.wjpmr.com │ Vol 7, Issue 9, 2021. │ ISO 9001:2015 Certified Journal │ 129 Ritu et al. World Journal of Pharmaceutical and Medical Research 6. Distribution[39] In Himalaya and in also in plains of India. 7. Chemical constituents[40] The heartwood of the tree contains indole alkaloid, the bark contains 7.5% - 9.5% tannin and the leaves contains ursolic acid and quercetin. 8. Bark & branches [41] Its bark and branches are whitish in color with incisions on them. 9. Image Therapeutic uses of Haridru 2. Dravyaguna Vijanam, Chapter 9th , Jwarghnadi 1. Kushtha:- Local application of paste on affected Varga, Priya Vart Sharma, 16th edition area.[42] Chaukhambha Vishvabharati, Varanasi,1995; 2: 2. Udarshula:- Fresh leaf juice is used.[43] 694. 3. Jwara:- The decoction of its heartwood is helpful in 3. Dravyaguna Vijanam, Chapter 9th , Jwarghnadi restoring the physical strength of a person suffering Varga, Priya Vart Sharma, 16th edition from fever.[44] Chaukhambha Vishvabharati, Varanasi,1995; 2: 4. Varnavikara:- Local application of paste on affected 694. area.[45] 4. Dravyaguna Vijanam, Chapter 9th, Jwarghnadi 5. Dantshula:- Latex is useful.[46] Varga, Priya Vart Sharma, 16th edition 6. Kasa-Swasa:- Leaves are used.[47] Chaukhambha Vishvabharati, Varanasi, 1995; 2: 7. Vrana:- Local application of paste on affected 694. area.[48] 5. BhavprakashNighantu, DugdhaVarga, by ShriBhavaMisra; Edited with the “Vidyotini” Hindi DISCUSSION commentary Notes and Appendix by Haridru is drug briefly described in Ayurvedic texts. In ShriBrahmasankaraMisra and ShriRupalalajiVaisya; ancient texts word “Haridarka” did not found as such. First part; edition 12th, Chaukhambha Sanskrit Words like “Pittdaru” are used for Devdaru, Saraka & Bhawan, Varanasi, 2018; 495. Daruharidra. Also the word Kadampushpi is also used 6. Nighantu Adarsha, Manjisthadi Varga, by Bapalal for Gorakhmundi.[49] So we can say the Haridru is not G. Vaidya, Reprint Edition, Chaukhambha Bharti clearly mentioned in our classical texts. While putting an Academy, Varanasi, 2007; 712-713. eye on modern research data of Haridru we can find it is 7. Dravyaguna Vijanam, Chapter 9th , Jwarghnadi an important drug and having a lot of medicinal values Varga, Priya Vart Sharma, 16th edition, like anti-malarial, anti-microbial, anti-diabetic, hepato- Chaukhambha Vishvabharati, Varanasi, 1995; 2: protective-action, anti-oxidant-properties.[50] According 694. to Ayurvedic classical texts it is Kapha-Pitta-Samaka,[51] 8. Madanpala Nighantu, Vatadi Varga, Pancham Sarga, Dugdhvardhaka.[52] Varnshodhan,[53] Kushthaghn.[54] editor and publisher Pt. Hariharprasad Tripathi, Edition, Chaukhamba Krishnadas Academy, CONCLUSION Varanasi, 2009; 141. After studying in various Ayurvedic texts as well as 9. Madanpalaa Nighantu, Vatadi Varga, along with research article on Haridru we can conclude that „Hari‟ Hindi explanation; editor & commentator Pt. Haridru is an individual drug posses flower like Hariharparsad Tripathi; edition Chaukhambha Kadambh but not the variety of Kadambh. It is described Krishandas Academy; Varanasi, 2009; 141. well in Nighantus. It is useful in many diseased 10. Nighantu Adarsha, Manjisthadi Varga, by Bapalal conditions like wounds, ulcers, liver dysfunction, G. Vaidya, Reprint Edition, Chaukhambha Bharti diabetes, stomachache, eye disorders etc. present study Academy, Varanasi, 2007; 712-713. helps the scholars to conclude that Haridru is individual 11. BhavprakashNighantu, DugdhaVarga, by drug itself its nor any synonyms neither variety of any ShriBhavaMisra; Edited with the “Vidyotini” Hindi other drug. There is a vast scope of research studies on commentary Notes and Appendix by Haridru one should also go for that. ShriBrahmasankaraMisra and ShriRupalalajiVaisya; First part; edition 12th, Chaukhambha Sanskrit REFERENCES Bhawan, Varanasi, 2018; 495. 1. Raja Nighantu,
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