Psophocarpus Tetragonolobus(L.) Dc.

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Psophocarpus Tetragonolobus(L.) Dc. EFFORTS TO ACCELERATE DOMESTICATION OF WINGED BEAN (PSOPHOCARPUSTETRAGONOLOBUS (L.) DC.) BY MEANS OF INDUCED MUTATIONS AND TISSUE CULTURE Promotor: Dr. Ir. E. Jacobsen Hoogleraar in de plantenveredeling, in het bijzonder de genetische variatie en reproductie Co-promotor: Dr. Ir. A.M. van Harten Universitair hoofddocent plantenveredeling MfJoSzoJ , ZIS^ George.Y.P.KIu EFFORTS TO ACCELERATE DOMESTICATION OF WINGED BEAN (PSOPHOCARPUSTETRAGONOLOBUS (L.) DC.) BY MEANS OF INDUCED MUTATIONS AND TISSUE CULTURE Proefschrift ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor op gezag van de rector magnificus van de Landbouwuniversiteit Wageningen, Dr. C.M.Karssen, in het openbaar te verdedigen op dinsdag 22 oktober 1996 des namiddags te vier uur in de Aula. gIBLiOTHEEX LANDBOUWUNIVERSITHT WAGENfNC.FN Cover: A proposed "ideal" winged bean plant for grain and tuber production on a background of the winged bean plant as depicted by Rumphius (1747). pNO?-?°', ^^ Propositions (Stellingen) 1. Induced mutations can be used to accelerate the domestication of winged bean (Psophocarpustetragonolobus (L.) DC). (This Thesis). 2. In the genetic improvement of winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) DC, chimerism is much more of an asset than aproblem . (This Thesis). 3. Legumes, including winged bean, are the cheapest and often the most easily available source of proteinfo r the under- privilegedperson . Efforts into legume improvement constitute a lasting investment for the people in the poverty-striken parts of the world. (This Thesis). 4. Development of effective selectionscheme stoward s specifictrait s ina particula r crop plant is acontributio n to the reduction of the "it isb ychance " stigma labelled against plant breeding by induced mutations. (This Thesis). 5. Seed coat colour mutants in winged bean are an indirect way of obtaining plants with an altered nodulation. (This Thesis). 6. The number of people involved in farming in a country is not a good yardstick for determining the significance of the contribution of farming to the economy of that country. 7. Genetic improvement of crops and their multiplication for Africa must be carried out in Africa by Africans. 8. Sandwiches, particularly those of McDonald's, are universally enjoyed. However, there is aspecia l type of sandwich that requires hardwork , commitment and good strategy to give satisfaction to the consumer. This refers to the "sandwich" that can be found on the plate of the many PhD students in Wageningen Agricultural University. 9. "Reinforcement of ....patent rights should stimulate investment in research and development and accelerate the creation of promising biotechnology inventions". However, as much as patenting rewards the biotechnology companies, it may be a serious draw-back to the potential end-user who may be financially handicapped. 10. Modern soccer has positively evolved tremendously indifferen t ways. However, it gives reminiscence of the dark periods of human trade in the history of Africa. George Y.P. Klu. 1996 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The Executive Board of the Wageningen Agricultural University, The Netherlands, gave me admission to this sandwich PhD programme with a scholarship. Funds were made available for return trips, for living expenses and for putting this thesis together. Without allthese , this PhDthesi s would not have seen the light of day. To the Members of this Board and to all who madethi s possible Ia mdeepl y indebted. Iwoul dparticularl y liket othan k Mr. C.M.M.va n Heijst for his administrative support. The assistance received from the Ghana Atomic Energy Commision, where the bulk of the research work leading to this thesis was carried out, isdeepl y acknowledged. Ia m particularly thankful toth e Chairmenan d Memberso f Managements ofth e GhanaAtomi c EnergyCommissio n and the Biotechnology and Nuclear Agriculture Research Institute, my employers, for the permission granted me to undertake this sandwich programme. I would like to thank Prof. Dr. Ir. J.E. Parlevliet. for the kind reception he gave me when I first entered the Vakgroep Plantenveredeling in 1991. Prof. Dr. Ir. E.Jacobsen ,an d Dr. Ir.A.M .va n Harten were notjus t my Promotor and Co-Promotor respectively, but they really cared. Your combined patience, tolerance, concern and critical discussions of my manuscripts induced met o success. Iwoul d also like to express my sincere thanks to you for the ticket providedfo r my wife to comet o Wageningen. "Prof.Evert" , I would liket o thank youver y muchfo r your lasting interest inth e subject of mythesis ,you r stimulating suggestions and the time you invested in me. Ton, your visit to Ghana for discussions with me in 1990 gave me the needed filip for the studies at WAU. The times you set aside for casual discussions, both in the office and in your house, were very refreshing and gave me alo t of encouragement. Youals otranslate dth e summaryo f thisthesi s into Dutch and provided stimulating ideastha t culminated inth e design onth e cover of this document. Ia mver y grateful to you for all these. Ingeneral , I am overwhelmed byth e support I receivedfro mth e Vakgroep Plantenveredeling. Iwoul d liket o express mydeepes t appreciationt o the magement andal lstaf f of the department for their assistance. Firsto f all, Iwoul d liket othan k MsIr .Josk a Buitendyk who took meroun dt o dosom e shopping on the very first day I arrived in Wagenigen. Without this I would have been locked up in my room for the rest of that weekend with no one to talk to. Joska, I am also grateful to you for accepting to act as my "Paranimf" . Ms. Annie Marchai and Ms. Letty Dijker-Lefers, you both linked up so many things and tied up many loose ends for me. I very much appreciate how readily you responded to the many requests that I made. Ms. Annie Schouten, you willingly kept me up to date with literature by quickly responding to my numerous requests for some literature to be posted to me in Ghana. Annie, Letty and Annie thanks very much. Thanks are due also to Mr. Han Dorenstouter for his friendliness and all the administrative assistance he gave me. I would also like to thank Dr. Ir. C.J.J.M Raemakers. Krit, your willingness to set time aside for discussions on this thesis and to act as my "Paranimf" is very much appreciated. Thanks are also due to thank Dr. Ir. J.J. Bos, Curator of the Botanic Gardens, Wageningen, for the warm-hearted assistance he gave me in tracing the records of Rumphius at the Taxonomy Department, WAU. I have been deeply touched by the life of Georgius Everhardus Rumphius (1628-1702), who worked as a merchant and a botanist in Amboina. Rumphius became blind during his profession but visual disability was not a handicap to him. He worked hard as a blind man to produce a document that was published (1741-1747) as "Het Amboinsch kruidboek". His illustration of "De vierkante Peul-Plant" - the winged bean - formed the background of the cover design of this thesis. The assistance received from my colleagues at the Ghana Atomic Energy Commission particularly Messrs Edison Amanor, M. Quanor-Addy and B. Quaye is also acknowledged. Mon ami, Jean Dah-Dovonon from the Republic of Benin, the times we spent together at the "Studentenflat" Marijkeweg,Wageninge n were very stimulating. You received me very warmly and you did not get bothered by the very bad attempts I made to speak some "broken" French with you. Your company duringth e last phase of "consuming my sandwich" cannot be forgotten. The role of my wife, Liz and our children in this work has been immense. This project took me from home for long periods. Thank you very much for your support and patience when this work took the greater part of my life. With you I share this success. The investigations described in this thesis were carried out at the Biotechnology and Nuclear Agriculture Research Institute, Kwabenya. Ghana. CIP-DATA KONINKLIJKE BIBLIOTHEEK DEN HAAG George Y.P.KIu Efforts to accelerate domestication of winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) DC) by means of induced mutations and tissue culture. Thesis Landbouwuniversiteit Wageningen, with réf. ISBN 90-5485-604-1 Bibliographic Abstract: This thesis describes mutation breeding and tissue culture techniques developed for accelerated domestication of winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) D C). Thetissu e culture techniques, which areth e first steps towards genetic transformation of the crop, include: (1) direct adventitious shoot formation from the axes of cotyledon expiants; (2) direct simultaneous regeneration of adventitious shoots and somatic embryos; and (3) direct somatic embryogenesis on the wounds of cotyledon explants. An optimised mutation breedingtechniqu e for economic significance, basedo nth e earlyselectio no f chlorophyll mutations generatedfro m gamma-radiate d seeds,ha sbee ndeveloped . The useo f this scheme has resulted in the recovery of seed coat colour mutants which have succesfully served as an indirect methodfo r selecting changes in tannin content and nodulation. Adesire d mutant with reduced tannin content and improved nodulation was selected. CONTENTS CHAPTER 1. General Introduction. 1 CHAPTER 2. Status and potential for genetic improvement of winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) DC). 8 CHAPTER 3. Tissue culture techniques for improvement of winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) DC): Direct organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis in mature cotyledon expiants. 25 CHAPTER 4. Optimisation of mutant recovery from plants obtained from gamma radiated seeds of winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) DC). 37 CHAPTER 5. Induced mutations for improvement of winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) DC.) towards an improved ideotype for grain production with low tannin content. 47 CHAPTER 6. Testing of induced mutants of winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) DC.) for nodulation and phenotypic petrformance. 61 CHAPTER 7. General discussion. 72 Summary.
Recommended publications
  • A Synopsis of Phaseoleae (Leguminosae, Papilionoideae) James Andrew Lackey Iowa State University
    Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Retrospective Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 1977 A synopsis of Phaseoleae (Leguminosae, Papilionoideae) James Andrew Lackey Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd Part of the Botany Commons Recommended Citation Lackey, James Andrew, "A synopsis of Phaseoleae (Leguminosae, Papilionoideae) " (1977). Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. 5832. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd/5832 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Retrospective Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This material was produced from a microfilm copy of the original document. While the most advanced technological means to photograph and reproduce this document have been used, the quality is heavily dependent upon the quality of the original submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help you understand markings or patterns which may appear on this reproduction. 1.The sign or "target" for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is "Missing Page(s)". If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting thru an image and duplicating adjacent pages to insure you complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a large round black mark, it is an indication that the photographer suspected that the copy may have moved during exposure and thus cause a blurred image.
    [Show full text]
  • Review: Winged Bean (Psophocarpus Tetragonolobus) Cropping Systems
    BIODIVERSITAS ISSN: 1412-033X Volume 21, Number 12, December 2020 E-ISSN: 2085-4722 Pages: 5927-5946 DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d211258 Review: Winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus) cropping systems GRAHAM E. EAGLETON Permanent address: 23 Mulhall Street, Wagstaffe, NSW 2257, Australia, email: [email protected] Manuscript received: 15 November 2020. Revision accepted: 29 November 2020. Abstract. Eagleton GE. 2020. Review: Winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus) cropping systems. Biodiversitas 21: 5927-5946. Winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) DC.) is a rambling, nitrogen-rich, leguminous crop of the Old-World tropics. This review of winged bean (WB) within cropping systems of Southeast Asia and Melanesia revisited four traditional roles that the crop has played: as a minor courtyard vegetable of villages and suburbs throughout the region; as a popular tuber crop in the irrigated plains of Tada-U township in Central Myanmar; as a companion crop in the mixed garden fields of Wamena in Indonesian New Guinea; and as a niche tuber crop in rotation with sweet potato near Goroka in Papua New Guinea (PNG). Drawing upon such traditions, researchers since the 1970s have identified potential new roles for winged bean. In Malaysia, vegetable pod yields up to 35 t ha-1 over a 25-week growing period have been obtained from solidly trellised, branching cultivars. Ratooning the crop through a further two cycles covers the cost of the trellising. Tubers from un-trellised field crops in Myanmar, and of staked, pruned garden crops in highland PNG have been estimated to produce crude protein yields of at least 300 kg ha-1 and 600 kg ha-1, respectively.
    [Show full text]
  • Domesticating the Undomesticated for Global Food and Nutritional Security: Four Steps
    agronomy Essay Domesticating the Undomesticated for Global Food and Nutritional Security: Four Steps Ajeet Singh , Pradeep Kumar Dubey, Rajan Chaurasia , Rama Kant Dubey, Krishna Kumar Pandey, Gopal Shankar Singh and Purushothaman Chirakkuzhyil Abhilash * Institute of Environment & Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +91-94156-44280 Received: 8 July 2019; Accepted: 27 August 2019; Published: 28 August 2019 Abstract: Ensuring the food and nutritional demand of the ever-growing human population is a major sustainability challenge for humanity in this Anthropocene. The cultivation of climate resilient, adaptive and underutilized wild crops along with modern crop varieties is proposed as an innovative strategy for managing future agricultural production under the changing environmental conditions. Such underutilized and neglected wild crops have been recently projected by the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations as ‘future smart crops’ as they are not only hardy, and resilient to changing climatic conditions, but also rich in nutrients. They need only minimal care and input, and therefore, they can be easily grown in degraded and nutrient-poor soil also. Moreover, they can be used for improving the adaptive traits of modern crops. The contribution of such neglected, and underutilized crops and their wild relatives to global food production is estimated to be around 115–120 billion US$ per annum. Therefore, the exploitation of such lesser
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 1 Definitions and Classifications for Fruit and Vegetables
    Chapter 1 Definitions and classifications for fruit and vegetables In the broadest sense, the botani- Botanical and culinary cal term vegetable refers to any plant, definitions edible or not, including trees, bushes, vines and vascular plants, and Botanical definitions distinguishes plant material from ani- Broadly, the botanical term fruit refers mal material and from inorganic to the mature ovary of a plant, matter. There are two slightly different including its seeds, covering and botanical definitions for the term any closely connected tissue, without vegetable as it relates to food. any consideration of whether these According to one, a vegetable is a are edible. As related to food, the plant cultivated for its edible part(s); IT botanical term fruit refers to the edible M according to the other, a vegetable is part of a plant that consists of the the edible part(s) of a plant, such as seeds and surrounding tissues. This the stems and stalk (celery), root includes fleshy fruits (such as blue- (carrot), tuber (potato), bulb (onion), berries, cantaloupe, poach, pumpkin, leaves (spinach, lettuce), flower (globe tomato) and dry fruits, where the artichoke), fruit (apple, cucumber, ripened ovary wall becomes papery, pumpkin, strawberries, tomato) or leathery, or woody as with cereal seeds (beans, peas). The latter grains, pulses (mature beans and definition includes fruits as a subset of peas) and nuts. vegetables. Definition of fruit and vegetables applicable in epidemiological studies, Fruit and vegetables Edible plant foods excluding
    [Show full text]
  • Fruits and Seeds of Genera in the Subfamily Faboideae (Fabaceae)
    Fruits and Seeds of United States Department of Genera in the Subfamily Agriculture Agricultural Faboideae (Fabaceae) Research Service Technical Bulletin Number 1890 Volume I December 2003 United States Department of Agriculture Fruits and Seeds of Agricultural Research Genera in the Subfamily Service Technical Bulletin Faboideae (Fabaceae) Number 1890 Volume I Joseph H. Kirkbride, Jr., Charles R. Gunn, and Anna L. Weitzman Fruits of A, Centrolobium paraense E.L.R. Tulasne. B, Laburnum anagyroides F.K. Medikus. C, Adesmia boronoides J.D. Hooker. D, Hippocrepis comosa, C. Linnaeus. E, Campylotropis macrocarpa (A.A. von Bunge) A. Rehder. F, Mucuna urens (C. Linnaeus) F.K. Medikus. G, Phaseolus polystachios (C. Linnaeus) N.L. Britton, E.E. Stern, & F. Poggenburg. H, Medicago orbicularis (C. Linnaeus) B. Bartalini. I, Riedeliella graciliflora H.A.T. Harms. J, Medicago arabica (C. Linnaeus) W. Hudson. Kirkbride is a research botanist, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Systematic Botany and Mycology Laboratory, BARC West Room 304, Building 011A, Beltsville, MD, 20705-2350 (email = [email protected]). Gunn is a botanist (retired) from Brevard, NC (email = [email protected]). Weitzman is a botanist with the Smithsonian Institution, Department of Botany, Washington, DC. Abstract Kirkbride, Joseph H., Jr., Charles R. Gunn, and Anna L radicle junction, Crotalarieae, cuticle, Cytiseae, Weitzman. 2003. Fruits and seeds of genera in the subfamily Dalbergieae, Daleeae, dehiscence, DELTA, Desmodieae, Faboideae (Fabaceae). U. S. Department of Agriculture, Dipteryxeae, distribution, embryo, embryonic axis, en- Technical Bulletin No. 1890, 1,212 pp. docarp, endosperm, epicarp, epicotyl, Euchresteae, Fabeae, fracture line, follicle, funiculus, Galegeae, Genisteae, Technical identification of fruits and seeds of the economi- gynophore, halo, Hedysareae, hilar groove, hilar groove cally important legume plant family (Fabaceae or lips, hilum, Hypocalypteae, hypocotyl, indehiscent, Leguminosae) is often required of U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Nutritional Value of Cambodian Crops
    Nutritional Value of Common Fruits & Vegetables Grown in Cambodia Note: Recent research in Cambodia and other developing countries shows that the most common micro-nutrient deficiencies (especially among women and children) are: anemia (lack of iron), night blindness (lack of enough Vitamin A), and goiter/iodine deficiency (although in Cambodia they are promoting iodized salt, and a lot of people now use it). Additionally, protein deficiency is always a leading factor in severe malnutrition. See page 8 for recommended daily intakes. Nutritional value of foods is based on the USDA database. Note that this is the value per 100 grams of raw, uncooked foods (unless otherwise noted); keep in mind that most vegetables lose nutrients the longer you cook them. English Khmer Common Scientific Name Nutritional value per 100 grams (raw/uncooked) Image Common Name Name Energy Protein Vit. A Vit. C Iron Other significant (kcal) (g) (IU) (mg) (mg) nutrients Allium cepa bulb onion ខ្ឹមបរំង 38 1.2 0 11 .8 k'teum barang 215mg Calcium Amaranthus tricolor leafy amaranth ផ្ី 23 46 2,917 43.3 2.32 p'tee 611 mg Potassium peanut Arachis សែណ្កដី 570 25 3 1 3.8 groundnut son-dyk die Page 1 Scientific Name English Khmer Energy Protein Vit. A Vit. C Iron Other nutrients Artocarpus jackfruit ខ្ុរ 95 1.72 110 13.7 .23 heterophyllus k'no wax gourd Benincasa hispida wintermelon ្តឡច 13 .4 10 13 .4 traa-lak fuzzy bourd Brassica juncea mustard greens ៃស្ៅខ្ 22 2.2 9,900 130 spy k'mao 135 mg Calcium Brassica oleracea, var.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter I Introduction
    CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background Recently, the utilisation of edible legumes as sources of dietary protein has been developed progressively due to their substantial nutritional content. With more than 18,000 described species of legumes, the majorly cultivated edible ones are soybeans, peanuts, peas, beans and lentils (Salunkhe, et al. 1992). In Indonesia, particularly; the increasing demand of soy-based products has reached a substantial amount of 2.5 million tons per year; while domestic market merely provides 40% of soybean consumption (Nurhadi 2012). As an actual fact, there are many minor tropical legumes grown in South East Asia region that have not been examined for their promising benefits. This is probably due to the tendency to explore more about the conventional crops; with regards to consumer‟s acceptability. One of the barely used vegetation resources is winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) DC.). This legume variety is available throughout the year with the annual yield of 2380kg/ha, about three times higher than the yield of soybean. Furthermore, all parts of the plant including the starchy root, leaves, flowers, immature seeds and mature seeds are edible and considerably nutritious. The green young pod is usually consumed either raw as salad ingredient, fried, boiled, or grilled. Nevertheless, little attention has been devoted to employ this legume variety as an alternative for beverage ingredients (Miyamoto, Matsushima and Nakae 1986). 1 It is therefore feasible to utilise winged bean as substitute for soybean since the nutritive value of mature winged bean seed is remarkably comparable to the one found in soybean. Even the protein and carbohydrate contents are superior as compared to groundnuts.
    [Show full text]
  • Properties of Winged Bean (Psophocarpus Tetragonolobus
    Agric. Biol. Chern., 47 (10), 2273-2280, 1983 2273 Properties of Winged Bean {Psophocarpus tetragonolobus) Protein in Comparison with Soybean (Glycine max) and CommonBean {Phaseolus vulgaris) Protein Sonoe Ochiai Yanagi National Food Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Kannondai, Yatabe-machi, Tsukuba-gun, Ibaraki 305, Japan Received February 28, 1983 Conditions were defined which extract more than 90% of winged bean {Psophocarpus tetragonolobus) seed proteins. Sedimentation profiles of whole seed extract from winged bean, soybean, and commonbean (variety "Kintokimame") at various pHs and ionic strengths were compared, because winged bean and soybean are resemble each other closely in their protein- and lipid-rich nature, and winged bean and commonbean {Phaseolus vulgaris) are thought to be of nearly related families. However, a clear dissimilarity of their "6 to 7S" component(s), one of the main storage proteins in the three beans, was represented. Two main peaks of winged bean protein by Sepharose 6B chromatography were shown to correspond to the "6.5S" and "2.5S" com- ponents.Extrapolateds20tV, or ^o.w of the "6.5S" component seemed to have no practical meaning because the actual structure of the "6.5S" protein distilled water or very low ionic concentrations were altered discontinuously from the usual patterns. Further purification of the "6.5S" component(s) could be carried out by rechromatography on Sepharose 6B or DEAE Sepharose, eliminating minor components. However, the electrophoretic or ultracentrifugal patterns showed the occurrence of small amounts of aggregation simultaneously. The structure of the "6.5S" component was preserved for several months by freezing. A few reports on basic properties of winged (Phaseolus vulgaris) by plant classification.
    [Show full text]
  • Psophocarpus Tetragonolobus: an Underused Species with Multiple Potential Uses
    plants Review Psophocarpus tetragonolobus: An Underused Species with Multiple Potential Uses Hussein Bassal 1,2 , Othmane Merah 3,4,* , Aqeel M. Ali 5, Akram Hijazi 1,* and Fawaz El Omar 6 1 Doctoral School of Science and Technology, Research Platform for Environmental Science (PRASE), Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon; [email protected] 2 Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Hadath-Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon 3 Laboratoire de Chimie Agro-industrielle, LCA, Université de Toulouse, INRA, 31030 Toulouse, France 4 Département Génie Biologique, Université Paul Sabatier, IUT A, 32000 Auch, France 5 Department of Biology, College of Science, Al Mustansiriya University, Baghdad, Iraq; [email protected] 6 Doctoral School of Science and Technology, Lebanese University, EDST, Hadath, Beirut, Lebanon; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] (O.M.); [email protected] (A.H.) Received: 26 October 2020; Accepted: 6 December 2020; Published: 8 December 2020 Abstract: Natural products, particularly those extracted from plants, have been used as therapy for different diseases for thousands of years. The first written records on the plants used in natural medicine, referred to as “medicinal plants”, go back to about 2600 BC. A thorough and complete understanding of medicinal plants encompasses a multiplex of overlapping and integrated sciences such as botany, pharmacognosy, chemistry, enzymology and genetics. Psophocarpus tetragonolobus, a member of Fabaceae family also called winged bean, is a perennial herbaceous plant characterized by its tuberous roots and its winged pod twinning and a perennial legume rich in proteins, oils, vitamins and carbohydrates. Besides nutrients, winged bean also contains bioactive compounds that have therapeutic activities like anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, antibacterial, antifungal, antiproliferative and cytotoxic activity, a few of which already been reported.
    [Show full text]
  • Food Plants for Healthy Diets in the Western Pacific
    Food plants for healthy diets in the Western Pacific Two Llamas Environmental & Social Projects works with remote Indigenous communities throughout Oceania and Southeast Asia. We partnered with Food Plant Solutions to help improve nutritional intake by sharing knowledge, strengthening self-reliance and improving food security. For further information about our work, please reference: www.twollamas.org.au For further details about the program please contact us at: [email protected] or [email protected] (Two Llamas Environmental & Social Projects ) In addition to this booklet, other publications have been produced for the Western Pacific, all can be downloaded from our website - www.foodplantsolutions.org We encourage and welcome your support. Food Plant Solutions - A project of the Rotary Club of Devonport North, Rotary District 9830 & Food Plants International . Food Plant Solutions operates in accordance with Rotary International Policy but is not an agency of, or controlled by Rotary International Using food plant resources well Coastal almond Taro The health, well-being and food security of a nation requires making the best use of all available food plant resources. Winged bean Cassava Slippery cabbage Watermelon Peanut Okra Food plants for healthy diets in the Western Pacific Sweetfern With a rich, diverse tropical climate, a Lesser yam variety of soils, altitudes, and rainfall patterns, it is time to discover and explore the amazing range of frequently over-looked tropical food plants that suit the locations, are rich in nutrients, and are adapted to this climate. It is time for the Western Pacific to be proud of its own tropical foods. There are lots of tropical food plants in the region - Samoa has 251, Vanuatu 364 and Fiji has 771.
    [Show full text]
  • Agronomic Performance and Genetic Diversity of the Root Crop Yam Bean (Pachyrhizus Spp.) Under West African Conditions
    Agronomic performance and genetic diversity of the root crop yam bean (Pachyrhizus spp.) under West African conditions Doctoral Dissertation Submitted for the degree of Doctor of Agricultural Sciences of the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences Georg-August University Göttingen Germany by Ahissou Séraphin Zanklan from Porto-Novo, Benin Göttingen, July 2003 D7 1st examiner: Prof. Dr. Heiko C. Becker 2nd examiner: Prof. Dr. Elke Pawelzik Date of oral examination: 17 July 2003 To my parents, brothers and sisters Table of contents List of Abbreviations...................................................................................iii List of Figures.............................................................................................iv List of Tables...............................................................................................v 1. Introduction and literature review...........................................................1 1.1. Background and objectives......................................................1 1.2. The genus Pachyrhizus............................................................4 1.2.1. Botanical description, taxonomy and ecogeographic requirements.............................................................................4 1.2.2. Agronomy and breeding...........................................................9 1.2.3. Chemical Composition and Nutritional Value...........................14 1.2.4. Biological Nitrogen Fixation......................................................16 2. Evaluation of the root
    [Show full text]
  • KERAGAMAN GENETIK DAN POTENSI PENGEMBANGAN KECIPIR (Psophocarpus Tetragonolobus L.) DI INDONESIA
    KERAGAMAN GENETIK DAN POTENSI PENGEMBANGAN KECIPIR (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus L.) DI INDONESIA Ayda Krisnawati Balai Penelitian Tanaman Kacang-kacangan dan Umbi-umbian, Jalan Raya Kendalpayak km 8, Kotak Pos 66 Malang 65101 Telp. (0341) 801468, Faks. (0341) 801496, E-mail: [email protected]. Diajukan: 03 November 2009; Diterima: 29 Mei 2010 ABSTRAK Kecipir (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus L.) merupakan tanaman tropis yang memiliki banyak fungsi, yakni sebagai bahan pangan bernutrisi prima dan sebagai tanaman penutup tanah. Seluruh bagian tanaman dapat dikonsumsi dan kaya akan protein. Tanaman kecipir juga berguna sebagai penyubur tanah, bahan pakan ternak, obat tradisional, dan pengendali erosi di lahan kering. Pusat asal-usul kecipir adalah Papua Nugini, Mauritius, Madagaskar, dan India, sedangkan pusat keanekaragaman terbesar terdapat di Papua Nugini dan Indonesia. Makalah ini mengulas keragaman genetik kecipir di Indonesia, multifungsi kecipir, dan prospek pengembangannya. Ragam kecipir di Indonesia cukup banyak, namun karakterisasi plasma nutfah kecipir di Indonesia belum dilakukan. Ciri pemertela kecipir telah dibuat oleh IBPGR, dan panduan pemertela tersebut dapat diterapkan untuk karakterisasi plasma nutfah kecipir di Indonesia. Prospek pengembangan kecipir di Indonesia cukup besar ditinjau dari ragam pemanfaatannya, kandungan nutrisi, maupun dari aspek ekologis yang sangat sesuai dengan wilayah Indonesia. Kata kunci: Psophocarpus tetragonolobus, keragaman genetik, multifungsi, Indonesia ABSTRACT Genetic diversity and development prospects of winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus L.) in Indonesia Winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus L.) is a tropical plant with multiple uses, as a high nutritional food and cover crop on plantation. All parts of the plant are edible and rich of protein. The plant is usable as fertilizer, cattle feed, traditional medicine, and preventing the dry land from erosion.
    [Show full text]