DOCSLIB.ORG

Properties of Winged Bean (Psophocarpus Tetragonolobus

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Properties of Winged Bean (Psophocarpus Tetragonolobus Agric. Biol. Chern., 47 (10), 2273-2280, 1983 2273 Properties of Winged Bean {Psophocarpus tetragonolobus) Protein in Comparison with Soybean (Glycine max) and CommonBean {Phaseolus vulgaris) Protein Sonoe Ochiai Yanagi National Food Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Kannondai, Yatabe-machi, Tsukuba-gun, Ibaraki 305, Japan Received February 28, 1983 Conditions were defined which extract more than 90% of winged bean {Psophocarpus tetragonolobus) seed proteins. Sedimentation profiles of whole seed extract from winged bean, soybean, and commonbean (variety "Kintokimame") at various pHs and ionic strengths were compared, because winged bean and soybean are resemble each other closely in their protein- and lipid-rich nature, and winged bean and commonbean {Phaseolus vulgaris) are thought to be of nearly related families. However, a clear dissimilarity of their "6 to 7S" component(s), one of the main storage proteins in the three beans, was represented. Two main peaks of winged bean protein by Sepharose 6B chromatography were shown to correspond to the "6.5S" and "2.5S" com- ponents.Extrapolateds20tV, or ^o.w of the "6.5S" component seemed to have no practical meaning because the actual structure of the "6.5S" protein distilled water or very low ionic concentrations were altered discontinuously from the usual patterns. Further purification of the "6.5S" component(s) could be carried out by rechromatography on Sepharose 6B or DEAE Sepharose, eliminating minor components. However, the electrophoretic or ultracentrifugal patterns showed the occurrence of small amounts of aggregation simultaneously. The structure of the "6.5S" component was preserved for several months by freezing. A few reports on basic properties of winged (Phaseolus vulgaris) by plant classification. bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus) seed pro- Therefore, winged bean protein was compared tein have been published in the recent studies with soybean and commonbean protein, using on various aspects of winged beans. Gillespie he same method of extraction, in this paper. and Blagrove reported the isolation and prop- In another presentation3* "6.5S" component erties of winged bean seed protein extracted was confirmed to be the general storage pro- with an acidic buffer (acetate chloride pH 4.5 teint in many selections of winged bean seeds. buffer) and they mentioned that the major The component(s) of "6.5S," therefore, were proteins had sedimentation coefficients of 2S fractionated and their properties were investi- and 6S.1} Sathe and Salunkhe studied subunits' gated in this paper. molecular weights of winged bean protein extracted with water.2) MATERIALS AND METHODS One of the reasons why winged bean is considered to be noteworthy is the abundance Winged bean lines were Nigeria Tpt 2 and Indonesia of lipid and protein content which, as has 909, harvested at the Okinawa Branch of the Tropical become well known recently, is almost equal to Agriculture Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries. The soybean variety was Norin that of soybeans. From another point of view, o. 2, and the commonbean was Taisho Kintokimame. winged bean is regarded as being in a family The methods cited by Gomori4) was mainly followed in closely related to that of common beans N preparing buffers. Thirty him phosphate buffer, pH 7.5, Abbreviations: DTT, dithiothreitol, SDS, sodium dodecyl sulfate, PAGE, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. 2274 S. Ochiai Yanagi containing 0.4m NaCl and 0.5 him dithiothreitol (DTT) 6ml. Sample fractions from the Sepharose 6B column was was called the standard buffer. Nitrogen content was dialyzed against 30 mM Tris-HCl buffer, pH 7.5, contain- determined by the micro-Kjeldahl method.5) Protein was ing 0.1 m NaCl and 0.5mM DTT and loaded onto a DEAE measured by the method of Lowry6) and by ultraviolet Sepharose column (0.7 x 14cm) previously equilibrated absorption7) or calculated by multiplying the nitrogen withthe same buffer. The column was eluted with the same value by 6.25. Whole seed extract was prepared as men- buffer containing 0.1 m NaCl to 0.5 m NaCl, stepwise or as ioned in another of our papers.3) a gradient. Ultracentrifugal analyses were performed with a Hitachi Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) was per- 282 using a schlieren optical system and a UV absorption formed essentially by the pH 8.2 system of Davis8) ap- ystem at 20°C. plied to a slab gel. Sepharose 6B chromatography was carried out with a t 1.6s x 100cm or 2.6 x 100cm column equilibrated with the standard buffer. Two ml or 5ml of dialyzed sample, RESULTS OD280=30 to 60 for the 1st chromatography and OD280 =10 for the 2nd chromatography, was charged and The effects of pH and ionic strength on eluted with the standard buffer and fractionated to 2 to extracting winged bean protein are summa- ableI. Effect of pH and Ionic Strength on Extraction T of Winged Bean Protein S o lu b ilize d Solubilized p ro te in N -su b sta n c e /T o ta l m g /g sa m p le ' B u f erO P H if Cru de _ ., , N-su bsta ncefc . Di alyze d , 0/,e xtract J (%) A b B d A c eta te 4.5 0. 1 3 9 1 6 0.3 4 4 1 9 0.5 5 0 2 3 5.2 0. 1 4 0 1 8 0.3 4 2 2 0 72 2 3 4 2 2 6 0.5 4 7 2 4 7 5 2 38 2 5 9 P h o sp h a te 6.0 0. 1 5 5 2 0 0.3 5 7 2 1 0.5 5 6 20 7.0 0. 1 6 2 22 0.3 6 1 2 1 0.5 5 9 2 3 7.5 0. 1 6 4 2 9 0.3 6 5 30 9 3 3 2 2 3 11 0.5 6 7 2 9 T ris-H C l 7.0 0. 1 5 0 1 8 0.3 5 9 2 3 0.5 6 3 2 7 8.0 0. 1 7 6 30 9 0 3 1 1 3 0 2 0.3 7 3 30 9 3 3 2 3 3 14 0.5 7 5 3 1 9 .0 0. 1 32 1 3 0.3 34 1 3 0.5 3 1 1 5 B o ra x -N a O H 10.0 0 .1 5 3 2 3 0.3 5 0 2 5 0.5 5 3 2 7 uffer concentration was 30 mM,and ionic strength (jum) was adjusted with NaCl. Measured by the Kjeldahl method.5) Milligrams protein for dry weight sample. Measured by the Kjeldahl method.5) B Measured by the Lowry et al.'s method.6) Winged Bean Protein Compared with Soybean and CommonBean 2275 rized in Table I. Tris-HCl buffer, pH 8.0, was sistent with the percentages of solubilized-N/ the best for extracting OD280 absorbing sub- total-N. An ionic strength of 0.1 was not as stances. Phosphate buffer, pH 7.5, had the effective in extracting OD280 absorbing sub- same effect in extracting undialyzable high stances for both crude dialyzed extracts as molecular weight OD280 absorbing substances ionic strengths of0.3 and 0.5 through all of the as Tris-HCl buffer, pH 8.0. Extracted nitro- pH range. Considering these results and com- genous substances to total N-substances mea- paring them with other legume protein reports, sured by the Kjeldahl method were more than 30mM phosphate buffer, pH 7.5, including 90% for Tris-HCl (pH 8.0) and phosphate (pH 0.4m NaCl and 0.5mM DTT was chosen for 7.5) buffers. With acetate buffer, less than 75% the standard buffer for extracting winged bean of total nitrogen could be taken out even if the rotein in our experiments. constituents of the buffer were the same as Sedimentation diagrams of whole seed ex- Gillespie and Blagrove's.1} Not only pH but tracts from winged bean, soybean, and com- also the kind of buffer was significant, because mon bean at various pHs are exhibited in Fig. a large amount of precipitation was observed 1.p The sedimentation profiles of winged bean with citrate buffer extraction in a wide acidic proteins were fundamentally similar from a range of pH (pH 3.0 to 6.0, data not shown). pH of4.0 (data not shown) to pH 9.0. The two The amount of solubilized protein was mea- main peaks were about "6.5S" and about sured for dialyzed whole seed extract by the "2.5S" at pH 7.5 (patterns of 8 different Kjeldahl and Lowry methods. Results of the winged bean strains were shown in another two methods generally agreed for the most of paper3^ with larger S values at acidic pHs and the pH range and ionic strengths examined. As smaller S values at basic pHs. Soybean pro- the total protein content of this winged bean teins showed almost the same phenomena as was 34.8%,3) these results were also very con- winged bean proteins with alteration of pH. WINGED BEAN SOYBEAN COMMON BEAN P^ ^-5 Fig. 1. Schlieren Patterns of Whole Seed Extracts from Winged Bean, Soybean, and Common Bean (Kintokimame), at Various pHs. Whole extracts in standard buffer were dialyzed against the same buffer or acetate pH 4.5 or 5.2, of Tris-HCl pH 9.0 or borate pH 10.0 buffers with concentrations of 30mM and containing 0.4m NaCl and 0.5 him DTT. The figures shown were at 30 min after reaching 55,430 rpm at 20°C.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Review: Winged Bean (Psophocarpus Tetragonolobus) Cropping Systems
    BIODIVERSITAS ISSN: 1412-033X Volume 21, Number 12, December 2020 E-ISSN: 2085-4722 Pages: 5927-5946 DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d211258 Review: Winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus) cropping systems GRAHAM E. EAGLETON Permanent address: 23 Mulhall Street, Wagstaffe, NSW 2257, Australia, email: [email protected] Manuscript received: 15 November 2020. Revision accepted: 29 November 2020. Abstract. Eagleton GE. 2020. Review: Winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus) cropping systems. Biodiversitas 21: 5927-5946. Winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) DC.) is a rambling, nitrogen-rich, leguminous crop of the Old-World tropics. This review of winged bean (WB) within cropping systems of Southeast Asia and Melanesia revisited four traditional roles that the crop has played: as a minor courtyard vegetable of villages and suburbs throughout the region; as a popular tuber crop in the irrigated plains of Tada-U township in Central Myanmar; as a companion crop in the mixed garden fields of Wamena in Indonesian New Guinea; and as a niche tuber crop in rotation with sweet potato near Goroka in Papua New Guinea (PNG). Drawing upon such traditions, researchers since the 1970s have identified potential new roles for winged bean. In Malaysia, vegetable pod yields up to 35 t ha-1 over a 25-week growing period have been obtained from solidly trellised, branching cultivars. Ratooning the crop through a further two cycles covers the cost of the trellising. Tubers from un-trellised field crops in Myanmar, and of staked, pruned garden crops in highland PNG have been estimated to produce crude protein yields of at least 300 kg ha-1 and 600 kg ha-1, respectively.
    [Show full text]
  • Domesticating the Undomesticated for Global Food and Nutritional Security: Four Steps
    agronomy Essay Domesticating the Undomesticated for Global Food and Nutritional Security: Four Steps Ajeet Singh , Pradeep Kumar Dubey, Rajan Chaurasia , Rama Kant Dubey, Krishna Kumar Pandey, Gopal Shankar Singh and Purushothaman Chirakkuzhyil Abhilash * Institute of Environment & Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +91-94156-44280 Received: 8 July 2019; Accepted: 27 August 2019; Published: 28 August 2019 Abstract: Ensuring the food and nutritional demand of the ever-growing human population is a major sustainability challenge for humanity in this Anthropocene. The cultivation of climate resilient, adaptive and underutilized wild crops along with modern crop varieties is proposed as an innovative strategy for managing future agricultural production under the changing environmental conditions. Such underutilized and neglected wild crops have been recently projected by the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations as ‘future smart crops’ as they are not only hardy, and resilient to changing climatic conditions, but also rich in nutrients. They need only minimal care and input, and therefore, they can be easily grown in degraded and nutrient-poor soil also. Moreover, they can be used for improving the adaptive traits of modern crops. The contribution of such neglected, and underutilized crops and their wild relatives to global food production is estimated to be around 115–120 billion US$ per annum. Therefore, the exploitation of such lesser
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 1 Definitions and Classifications for Fruit and Vegetables
    Chapter 1 Definitions and classifications for fruit and vegetables In the broadest sense, the botani- Botanical and culinary cal term vegetable refers to any plant, definitions edible or not, including trees, bushes, vines and vascular plants, and Botanical definitions distinguishes plant material from ani- Broadly, the botanical term fruit refers mal material and from inorganic to the mature ovary of a plant, matter. There are two slightly different including its seeds, covering and botanical definitions for the term any closely connected tissue, without vegetable as it relates to food. any consideration of whether these According to one, a vegetable is a are edible. As related to food, the plant cultivated for its edible part(s); IT botanical term fruit refers to the edible M according to the other, a vegetable is part of a plant that consists of the the edible part(s) of a plant, such as seeds and surrounding tissues. This the stems and stalk (celery), root includes fleshy fruits (such as blue- (carrot), tuber (potato), bulb (onion), berries, cantaloupe, poach, pumpkin, leaves (spinach, lettuce), flower (globe tomato) and dry fruits, where the artichoke), fruit (apple, cucumber, ripened ovary wall becomes papery, pumpkin, strawberries, tomato) or leathery, or woody as with cereal seeds (beans, peas). The latter grains, pulses (mature beans and definition includes fruits as a subset of peas) and nuts. vegetables. Definition of fruit and vegetables applicable in epidemiological studies, Fruit and vegetables Edible plant foods excluding
    [Show full text]
  • Nutritional Value of Cambodian Crops
    Nutritional Value of Common Fruits & Vegetables Grown in Cambodia Note: Recent research in Cambodia and other developing countries shows that the most common micro-nutrient deficiencies (especially among women and children) are: anemia (lack of iron), night blindness (lack of enough Vitamin A), and goiter/iodine deficiency (although in Cambodia they are promoting iodized salt, and a lot of people now use it). Additionally, protein deficiency is always a leading factor in severe malnutrition. See page 8 for recommended daily intakes. Nutritional value of foods is based on the USDA database. Note that this is the value per 100 grams of raw, uncooked foods (unless otherwise noted); keep in mind that most vegetables lose nutrients the longer you cook them. English Khmer Common Scientific Name Nutritional value per 100 grams (raw/uncooked) Image Common Name Name Energy Protein Vit. A Vit. C Iron Other significant (kcal) (g) (IU) (mg) (mg) nutrients Allium cepa bulb onion ខ្ឹមបរំង 38 1.2 0 11 .8 k'teum barang 215mg Calcium Amaranthus tricolor leafy amaranth ផ្ី 23 46 2,917 43.3 2.32 p'tee 611 mg Potassium peanut Arachis សែណ្កដី 570 25 3 1 3.8 groundnut son-dyk die Page 1 Scientific Name English Khmer Energy Protein Vit. A Vit. C Iron Other nutrients Artocarpus jackfruit ខ្ុរ 95 1.72 110 13.7 .23 heterophyllus k'no wax gourd Benincasa hispida wintermelon ្តឡច 13 .4 10 13 .4 traa-lak fuzzy bourd Brassica juncea mustard greens ៃស្ៅខ្ 22 2.2 9,900 130 spy k'mao 135 mg Calcium Brassica oleracea, var.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter I Introduction
    CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background Recently, the utilisation of edible legumes as sources of dietary protein has been developed progressively due to their substantial nutritional content. With more than 18,000 described species of legumes, the majorly cultivated edible ones are soybeans, peanuts, peas, beans and lentils (Salunkhe, et al. 1992). In Indonesia, particularly; the increasing demand of soy-based products has reached a substantial amount of 2.5 million tons per year; while domestic market merely provides 40% of soybean consumption (Nurhadi 2012). As an actual fact, there are many minor tropical legumes grown in South East Asia region that have not been examined for their promising benefits. This is probably due to the tendency to explore more about the conventional crops; with regards to consumer‟s acceptability. One of the barely used vegetation resources is winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) DC.). This legume variety is available throughout the year with the annual yield of 2380kg/ha, about three times higher than the yield of soybean. Furthermore, all parts of the plant including the starchy root, leaves, flowers, immature seeds and mature seeds are edible and considerably nutritious. The green young pod is usually consumed either raw as salad ingredient, fried, boiled, or grilled. Nevertheless, little attention has been devoted to employ this legume variety as an alternative for beverage ingredients (Miyamoto, Matsushima and Nakae 1986). 1 It is therefore feasible to utilise winged bean as substitute for soybean since the nutritive value of mature winged bean seed is remarkably comparable to the one found in soybean. Even the protein and carbohydrate contents are superior as compared to groundnuts.
    [Show full text]
  • Psophocarpus Tetragonolobus: an Underused Species with Multiple Potential Uses
    plants Review Psophocarpus tetragonolobus: An Underused Species with Multiple Potential Uses Hussein Bassal 1,2 , Othmane Merah 3,4,* , Aqeel M. Ali 5, Akram Hijazi 1,* and Fawaz El Omar 6 1 Doctoral School of Science and Technology, Research Platform for Environmental Science (PRASE), Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon; [email protected] 2 Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Hadath-Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon 3 Laboratoire de Chimie Agro-industrielle, LCA, Université de Toulouse, INRA, 31030 Toulouse, France 4 Département Génie Biologique, Université Paul Sabatier, IUT A, 32000 Auch, France 5 Department of Biology, College of Science, Al Mustansiriya University, Baghdad, Iraq; [email protected] 6 Doctoral School of Science and Technology, Lebanese University, EDST, Hadath, Beirut, Lebanon; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] (O.M.); [email protected] (A.H.) Received: 26 October 2020; Accepted: 6 December 2020; Published: 8 December 2020 Abstract: Natural products, particularly those extracted from plants, have been used as therapy for different diseases for thousands of years. The first written records on the plants used in natural medicine, referred to as “medicinal plants”, go back to about 2600 BC. A thorough and complete understanding of medicinal plants encompasses a multiplex of overlapping and integrated sciences such as botany, pharmacognosy, chemistry, enzymology and genetics. Psophocarpus tetragonolobus, a member of Fabaceae family also called winged bean, is a perennial herbaceous plant characterized by its tuberous roots and its winged pod twinning and a perennial legume rich in proteins, oils, vitamins and carbohydrates. Besides nutrients, winged bean also contains bioactive compounds that have therapeutic activities like anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, antibacterial, antifungal, antiproliferative and cytotoxic activity, a few of which already been reported.
    [Show full text]
  • Food Plants for Healthy Diets in the Western Pacific
    Food plants for healthy diets in the Western Pacific Two Llamas Environmental & Social Projects works with remote Indigenous communities throughout Oceania and Southeast Asia. We partnered with Food Plant Solutions to help improve nutritional intake by sharing knowledge, strengthening self-reliance and improving food security. For further information about our work, please reference: www.twollamas.org.au For further details about the program please contact us at: [email protected] or [email protected] (Two Llamas Environmental & Social Projects ) In addition to this booklet, other publications have been produced for the Western Pacific, all can be downloaded from our website - www.foodplantsolutions.org We encourage and welcome your support. Food Plant Solutions - A project of the Rotary Club of Devonport North, Rotary District 9830 & Food Plants International . Food Plant Solutions operates in accordance with Rotary International Policy but is not an agency of, or controlled by Rotary International Using food plant resources well Coastal almond Taro The health, well-being and food security of a nation requires making the best use of all available food plant resources. Winged bean Cassava Slippery cabbage Watermelon Peanut Okra Food plants for healthy diets in the Western Pacific Sweetfern With a rich, diverse tropical climate, a Lesser yam variety of soils, altitudes, and rainfall patterns, it is time to discover and explore the amazing range of frequently over-looked tropical food plants that suit the locations, are rich in nutrients, and are adapted to this climate. It is time for the Western Pacific to be proud of its own tropical foods. There are lots of tropical food plants in the region - Samoa has 251, Vanuatu 364 and Fiji has 771.
    [Show full text]
  • Perennial Vegetables the Permanent Vegetable Garden
    Perennial Vegetables The Permanent Vegetable Garden Presented by Patricia Cherundolo Polk County Florida [email protected] What is a perennial vegetable? Perennials are plants that live for 2 years or longer Why Use Perennial Vegetables? Less Work Till the soil once Once established there is little maintenance Just mulch, weed, fertilize, and water when needed Build Soil Perennials build soil through organic matter of their leaves and roots Why Use Perennial Vegetables (con’t) Provide Ecosystem Benefits Moderate microclimates making areas around them cooler and more moist Roots catch and store water and nutrients Supply critical habitat to a number of animal, fungal, and other life-forms Eco -Friendly Global Warming - captures carbon and sequesters it in long term soil humus and plant parts Oil conservation – gasoline not needed to till each year No soil erosion Common Perennial Vegetables Artichokes Jerusalem Artichokes Asparagus Onions and Garlic Potatoes Rhubarb Sweet Potatoes Watercress Water Chestnuts Slide Definitions Frost tender – plants damaged or even killed by the slightest winter frost. Frost sensitive – plant damaged by hard freeze. Usually killed back to the ground. Toxic chemicals in some plants are shown in red. Need to be cooked to release poisons as a gas. Arracacha – Arracacia xanthoriza 3 to 5 feet tall and wide Short days needed for roots to fill out Propagate by dividing shoots from crown Stems and leaves are used like celery Roots cooked like potatoes Sun to part-shade Moist well drained soil Zone 9A and Higher Aroids – Xanthosoma & Colocasia spp. Most species grow to 6 to 8 feet tall and grow in a clump the same width Need flooded, wet, or very moist soil Propagate by division or plant corms Needs to be cooked by roasting, baking, or boiling until sweet.
    [Show full text]
  • Psophocarpus Tetragonolobus(L.) Dc.
    EFFORTS TO ACCELERATE DOMESTICATION OF WINGED BEAN (PSOPHOCARPUSTETRAGONOLOBUS (L.) DC.) BY MEANS OF INDUCED MUTATIONS AND TISSUE CULTURE Promotor: Dr. Ir. E. Jacobsen Hoogleraar in de plantenveredeling, in het bijzonder de genetische variatie en reproductie Co-promotor: Dr. Ir. A.M. van Harten Universitair hoofddocent plantenveredeling MfJoSzoJ , ZIS^ George.Y.P.KIu EFFORTS TO ACCELERATE DOMESTICATION OF WINGED BEAN (PSOPHOCARPUSTETRAGONOLOBUS (L.) DC.) BY MEANS OF INDUCED MUTATIONS AND TISSUE CULTURE Proefschrift ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor op gezag van de rector magnificus van de Landbouwuniversiteit Wageningen, Dr. C.M.Karssen, in het openbaar te verdedigen op dinsdag 22 oktober 1996 des namiddags te vier uur in de Aula. gIBLiOTHEEX LANDBOUWUNIVERSITHT WAGENfNC.FN Cover: A proposed "ideal" winged bean plant for grain and tuber production on a background of the winged bean plant as depicted by Rumphius (1747). pNO?-?°', ^^ Propositions (Stellingen) 1. Induced mutations can be used to accelerate the domestication of winged bean (Psophocarpustetragonolobus (L.) DC). (This Thesis). 2. In the genetic improvement of winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) DC, chimerism is much more of an asset than aproblem . (This Thesis). 3. Legumes, including winged bean, are the cheapest and often the most easily available source of proteinfo r the under- privilegedperson . Efforts into legume improvement constitute a lasting investment for the people in the poverty-striken parts of the world. (This Thesis). 4. Development of effective selectionscheme stoward s specifictrait s ina particula r crop plant is acontributio n to the reduction of the "it isb ychance " stigma labelled against plant breeding by induced mutations. (This Thesis).
    [Show full text]
  • Leguminous Vegetables
    AESA BASED IPM PACKAGE LEGUMINOUS VEGETABLES , , Tel : 040-2330 3424 Tel Balaji Scan Pvt. Ltd., Important Natural Enemies of Leguminous Vegetables Insect Pests Parasitoids Plants Suitable for Ecological Engineering in Leguminous Vegetables Field Trichogramma spp. Tetrastichus spp. Telenomus spp. Alfalfa Sunflower Ocimum spp. Bracon spp. Campoletis sp Cotesia ruficrus Chrysanthemum spp. Spearmint Mustard Predators Marigold C arrot C astor Robber fly Red ant Ladybird beetle Cowpea Buckwheat Maize Spider Praying mantis Black drongo The AESA based IPM – Leguminous vegetables (cowpea, cluster bean, winged bean), was compiled by the NIPHM working group under the Chairmanship of Dr. Satyagopal Korlapati, IAS, DG, NIPHM, and guidance of Shri. Utpal Kumar Singh, IAS, JS (PP). The package was developed taking into account the advice of experts listed below on various occasions before finalization. NIPHM Working Group: Chairman : Dr. Satyagopal Korlapati, IAS, Director General Vice-Chairmen : Dr. S. N. Sushil, Plant Protection Advisor : Dr. P. Jeyakumar, Director (PHM) Core Members: 1. Er. G. Shankar, Joint Director (PHE), Pesticide Application Techniques Expertise. 2. Dr. O.P. Sharma, Joint Director (A & AM), Agronomy Expertise. 3. Dr. Dhana Raj Boina, Assistant Director (PHM), Entomology Expertise. 4. Dr. Satish Kumar Sain, Assistant Director (PHM), Pathology Expertise. Other Member: 1. Dr. B. S. Sunanda, Assistant Scientific officer (PHM), Nematology Expertise. Contributions by DPPQ & S Experts: 1. Shri. Ram Asre, Additional Plant Protection Advisor (IPM) 2. Shri. R. Murali, Deputy Director (Entomology) 3. Dr. Sanjay Arya, Deputy Director (Plant Pathology) 4. Dr. Subhash Kumar, Deputy Director (Weed Science) Contributions by External Experts: 1. Dr. H.P. Patnik, Prof & Head (Entomology), College of Agriculture, Odisha Univ.
    [Show full text]
  • The Potential of Underutilized Vegetables of Assam As a Source of Nutrition - a Review
    Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2020) 9(10): 2873-2879 International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 9 Number 10 (2020) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Review Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2020.910.346 The Potential of Underutilized Vegetables of Assam as a Source of Nutrition - A Review Sanchayeeta Gohain1*, M. Neog2 and Sanjoy Borthakur1 1Subject Matter Specialist (Horticulture), KVK, Tinsukia, India 2Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, India *Corresponding author ABSTRACT K e yw or ds The underutilized indigenous vegetables are rich source of, protein, Underutilized essential vitamins, micronutrients and other phytonutrients etc. and many of vegetables, Essential vitamins, these vegetables have a better nutritional value compared to other known Proteins , vegetables like tomato or cabbage. But the potential of these vegetables are Micronutrients , not explored commercially. Various underutilized vegetables like Water Livelihood spinach, Common Purslane, Indian spinach, tree bean, winged bean etc. are improvement embedded with vitamins, amino acids, minerals, protein, dietary fibre etc. Article Info have high antioxidant activities and hence can effectively address the issues related to mal nutrition and nutritional security. Apart from creating Accepted: stability to the eco system these underutilized vegetables can be a help in 20 September 2020 Available Online: increasing the economy of the rural poor. 10 October 2020 Introduction food source. In the year 2017-18 from an area of 10249 hector, India produces 18, 7474 MT With the annual population growth rate of of vegetables and this amazing achievement 1.8%, the demand for food, feed and bio fuel was contributed by only few major vegetables in the world is growing day by day.
    [Show full text]
  • Food Always in the Home
    Food always in the home In the Philippines still some 20% of the pre-school population is found to suffer from severe or moderate underweight. Likewise 17% of the Filipino school children fall below the standard weight for their age. Especially malnutrition through deficiencies in iron and vitamin A is taking its toll. This qualitative poor nutrition easily leads to irreparable damage to the brains. Only well-nourished children can grow to their physical and mental potential and fully benefit from education opportunities. Henrylito Tacio PCARRD (1988) claimed that backyard gardening of vegetables and fruits could help alleviate the problem of malnutrition. It has been found that home gardening can reduce by about 20% an average family's daily food expenditures (Torres 1985). Considering the high costs of vegetables and the rate of malnutrition in the Philippines today, as well as in other Asian countries, home gardening should be taken seriously by low- income families. With this background the non-governmental Mindanao Baptist Rural Life Centre (MBRLC) has developed since 1974 a systematic way of gardening which is called Food Always In The Home (FAITH). It has been reported to provide vegetables throughout the year. It does not build upon heavy inputs of costly fertilisers but emphasizes the use of locally available resources. For FAITH gardening ten basic steps have been developed: - Step 1: Locate the best site Criteria for an optimal site include good water supply, good drainage, good initial soil fertility, sufficient sunlight and aeration. - Step 2: Provide enough space To provide enough vegetables each day for a family of six some 100 m2 are adequate.
    [Show full text]