Vegetables in the Tropics
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Origin of Plant Originated from Some Had Possibly Changed Recognise Original Wild Species. Suggested a Relationship with Pr
The possible origin of Cucumis anguria L. by A.D.J. Meeuse (National Herbarium, Pretoria) (Issued Oct. 2nd, 1958) Cucumis India Gherkin” “Bur anguria L., the “West or Gherkin”, is a cultigen known to have occurred in the West Indies in a cultivated or more or less adventitious state since before 1650 when the first accounts of this plant were published (1, 2). The occurrence of a single species of this old world genus — which is mainly African but extends through South West Asia to India — in America, combined with the fact that it is almost exclusively found in cultivation or as an escape, makes one feel suspicious about its being truly indigenous in the New World. Naudin (4) discussed the history of this plant and suggested that it introduced from West Africa whence slaves were was originally negro brought to the New World. However, he admittedly did not know any wild African species of Cucumis which resembles C. anguria sufficiently to deserve consideration as its probable ancestor. J. D. Hooker (5) also discussed the origin of the West Indian plant and was inclined to agree that it originated from some wild African ancestral form which had possibly changed so much through cultivation that it would be somewhat difficult to recognise the original wild species. He suggested a relationship with Cucumis prophetarum and “C. figarei” but he cautiously stated that these two species are perennial, whereas C. anguria is a typical annual. A. de Candolle (6) pointed out that although C. anguria was generally assumed to be a native of the Antilles, more particularly of Jamaica, two facts plead against this idea. -
Review: Winged Bean (Psophocarpus Tetragonolobus) Cropping Systems
BIODIVERSITAS ISSN: 1412-033X Volume 21, Number 12, December 2020 E-ISSN: 2085-4722 Pages: 5927-5946 DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d211258 Review: Winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus) cropping systems GRAHAM E. EAGLETON Permanent address: 23 Mulhall Street, Wagstaffe, NSW 2257, Australia, email: [email protected] Manuscript received: 15 November 2020. Revision accepted: 29 November 2020. Abstract. Eagleton GE. 2020. Review: Winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus) cropping systems. Biodiversitas 21: 5927-5946. Winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) DC.) is a rambling, nitrogen-rich, leguminous crop of the Old-World tropics. This review of winged bean (WB) within cropping systems of Southeast Asia and Melanesia revisited four traditional roles that the crop has played: as a minor courtyard vegetable of villages and suburbs throughout the region; as a popular tuber crop in the irrigated plains of Tada-U township in Central Myanmar; as a companion crop in the mixed garden fields of Wamena in Indonesian New Guinea; and as a niche tuber crop in rotation with sweet potato near Goroka in Papua New Guinea (PNG). Drawing upon such traditions, researchers since the 1970s have identified potential new roles for winged bean. In Malaysia, vegetable pod yields up to 35 t ha-1 over a 25-week growing period have been obtained from solidly trellised, branching cultivars. Ratooning the crop through a further two cycles covers the cost of the trellising. Tubers from un-trellised field crops in Myanmar, and of staked, pruned garden crops in highland PNG have been estimated to produce crude protein yields of at least 300 kg ha-1 and 600 kg ha-1, respectively. -
Nutritional and Chemical Compositions of Two Underutilized Vegetables in Nigeria
Available online at www.banglajol.info Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 52(3), 201-208, 2017 nutritional and chemical profile were determined in the 1243.1 (r = 0.9994); kaempferol: Y = 12753x + 1408.5 (r = amongst groups determined by one way ANOVA followed by caffeic acid (32.74, 37.51) was highest in both as revealed in commodities (Gordan et al., 1984; Macfarlane et al., 1988; richer in quantity; both the essential and nonessential amino Asaolu SS, Adefemi OS, Oyakilome IG, Ajibulu KE and Dairo F, Ayodeji S and Adanlawo GI (2007), Nutritional Makkar AOS and Goodchild AV (1996), Quantification of Ross AC (2006), Vitamin A and Carotenoids In: Modern present study. 0.9998); catechin: Y = 12650x + 1407.9 (r = 0.9995) and Duncan’s multiple range tests. Significance was accepted at Table II. Chlorogenic acid (26.39) and rosmarinic acid USDA, 2011). Raw vegetables like spinach, beet greens, okra, acids were higher in S. bifrae than in B. Alba. The amino acid Asaolu MF (2012), Proximate and mineral quality of Crassocephalum crepidioides and Senecio tannins, A laboratory manual, International Centre for Nutrition in Health and Disease, Eds. Shils ME, Shike rosmarinic acid: Y = 11982x + 1309.7 (r = 0.9995); All P>0.05. (18.91) which were lacking in S.biafrae but present in B. alba parsley, leeks and collard greens contained 750, 610, 146, 100, profile is similar to previously reported for C. crepidioides composition of nigerian leafy vegetables, J. Food Res. biafrae., Pak. J. Nutr. 6(1): 35-39. Agriculture Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA) M, Ross AC, Caballero B and Cousins R, 10th Ed., Materials and methods Nutritional and chemical compositions of two underutilized Vegetables in Nigeria chromatography operations were carried out at ambient while ellagic acid (9.48) in S.biafrae was not detected in B. -
Bioavailability of Iron from Basella Alba and Amaranthus Hybridus Leaves Supplemented Diet in Iron Deficient Anaemic Albino Rats
BIOAVAILABILITY OF IRON FROM BASELLA ALBA AND AMARANTHUS HYBRIDUS LEAVES SUPPLEMENTED DIET IN IRON DEFICIENT ANAEMIC ALBINO RATS. BY Ceaser Antiya, MOSES DEPARTMENT OF BIOCHEMISTRY FACULTY OF SCIENCE AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY ZARIA JANUARY, 2016 i BIOAVAILABILITY OF IRON FROM BASELLA ALBA AND AMARANTHUS HYBRIDUS LEAVES SUPPLEMENTED DIET IN IRON DEFICIENT ANAEMIC ALBINO RATS. BY Ceaser Antiya MOSES, B.SC BIOCHEMISTRY (A.B.U) 2011 MSc/SCIE/44812/2012-2013 A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF POSTGRADUATE STUDIES, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF MASTERS DEGREE IN BIOCHEMISTRY DEPARTMENT OF BIOCHEMISTRY FACULTY OF SCIENCE AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA NIGERIA JANUARY, 2016 ii DECLARATION I hereby declare that the work in this dissertation entitled ―BIOAVAILABILITY OF IRON FROM BASELLA ALBA AND AMARANTHUS HYBRIDUS LEAVES SUPPLEMENTED DIET IN IRON DEFICIENT ANAEMIC ALBINO RATS” has been performed by me in the Department of Biochemistry under the supervision of Mr. O. A. Owolabi and Prof. E. Oyinke. The information herein derived from literature has been duly acknowledged in the text and a list of references provided. No part of this dissertationwas previously presented for another degree or diploma at any university to the best of my knowledge. …………………………………. ……………………… …………………… Moses Ceaser Antiya Signature Date iii CERTIFICATION This dissertation entitled ―BIOAVAILABILITY OF IRON FROM BASELLA ALBA AND AMARANTHUS HYBRIDUS LEAVES SUPPLEMENTED DIET IN IRON DEFICIENT ANAEMIC ALBINO RATS” by Ceaser, Antiya MOSES meets the regulations governing the award of the degree of MASTER of Science Ahmadu Bello University, and is approved for its contribution to knowledge and literary presentation. -
By W. G. D'arcy Issued by the SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION
ATOLL RESEARCH BULLETIN No. 139 THE ISLAND OF ANEGADA AND ITS k'LORA by W. G. D'Arcy Issued by THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION Washington, D. C., U. S. A. February 16, 1971 THE ISLAND OF ANEGADA AND ITS nORA The island of Anegada in the British Virgin Islands is of interest because of its isolated location in relation to the Antillean island arc, its unusual topography amongst the Virgin Islands, and also the fact that it has received very little scientific attention. It now seems destined to join the list of islands which have succumbed to modern "development". This checklist combines past published reports with the writer's own collections and attempts to correct the nomenclature formerly applied to this flora. THE ISLAND Anegada is the northeasternmost of the British Virgin Islands and of the entire West Indian arc for that matter, vying with the rocky lighthouse, Sombrero, well to the southeast, as the closest Antillean approach to Europe. Its geographic coordinates are 18'45'N and 64°20'W, and it encompasses 14.987 square miles (Klumb and Robbins 1960) or about 33 square km. In shape it is a rather lumpy crescent with its long axis running approximately west by north and east by south. The nearest land, Virgin Gorda, some thirteen miles (ca 22 km) to the south and slightly west, is a prominent feature on the horizon (Fig. I), as is the mass of the other Virgins--Tortola, Camanoe and Jost Van Dyke-- further to the southwest. To the north and east there is no land for a long way. -
Domesticating the Undomesticated for Global Food and Nutritional Security: Four Steps
agronomy Essay Domesticating the Undomesticated for Global Food and Nutritional Security: Four Steps Ajeet Singh , Pradeep Kumar Dubey, Rajan Chaurasia , Rama Kant Dubey, Krishna Kumar Pandey, Gopal Shankar Singh and Purushothaman Chirakkuzhyil Abhilash * Institute of Environment & Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +91-94156-44280 Received: 8 July 2019; Accepted: 27 August 2019; Published: 28 August 2019 Abstract: Ensuring the food and nutritional demand of the ever-growing human population is a major sustainability challenge for humanity in this Anthropocene. The cultivation of climate resilient, adaptive and underutilized wild crops along with modern crop varieties is proposed as an innovative strategy for managing future agricultural production under the changing environmental conditions. Such underutilized and neglected wild crops have been recently projected by the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations as ‘future smart crops’ as they are not only hardy, and resilient to changing climatic conditions, but also rich in nutrients. They need only minimal care and input, and therefore, they can be easily grown in degraded and nutrient-poor soil also. Moreover, they can be used for improving the adaptive traits of modern crops. The contribution of such neglected, and underutilized crops and their wild relatives to global food production is estimated to be around 115–120 billion US$ per annum. Therefore, the exploitation of such lesser -
Chapter 1 Definitions and Classifications for Fruit and Vegetables
Chapter 1 Definitions and classifications for fruit and vegetables In the broadest sense, the botani- Botanical and culinary cal term vegetable refers to any plant, definitions edible or not, including trees, bushes, vines and vascular plants, and Botanical definitions distinguishes plant material from ani- Broadly, the botanical term fruit refers mal material and from inorganic to the mature ovary of a plant, matter. There are two slightly different including its seeds, covering and botanical definitions for the term any closely connected tissue, without vegetable as it relates to food. any consideration of whether these According to one, a vegetable is a are edible. As related to food, the plant cultivated for its edible part(s); IT botanical term fruit refers to the edible M according to the other, a vegetable is part of a plant that consists of the the edible part(s) of a plant, such as seeds and surrounding tissues. This the stems and stalk (celery), root includes fleshy fruits (such as blue- (carrot), tuber (potato), bulb (onion), berries, cantaloupe, poach, pumpkin, leaves (spinach, lettuce), flower (globe tomato) and dry fruits, where the artichoke), fruit (apple, cucumber, ripened ovary wall becomes papery, pumpkin, strawberries, tomato) or leathery, or woody as with cereal seeds (beans, peas). The latter grains, pulses (mature beans and definition includes fruits as a subset of peas) and nuts. vegetables. Definition of fruit and vegetables applicable in epidemiological studies, Fruit and vegetables Edible plant foods excluding -
Phytochemicals, Micronutrients), Anti-Nutrients Accepted: 10-04-2019 and Antioxidant Activity in Commonly Grown Shrawan Singh Genotypes of Basella L
International Journal of Chemical Studies 2019; 7(3): 403-409 P-ISSN: 2349–8528 E-ISSN: 2321–4902 IJCS 2019; 7(3): 403-409 Determination of functional constituents © 2019 IJCS Received: 06-03-2019 (Phytochemicals, micronutrients), anti-nutrients Accepted: 10-04-2019 and antioxidant activity in commonly grown Shrawan Singh genotypes of Basella L. Division of Vegetable Science, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India Shrawan Singh, DR Singh, V Shajeeda Banu and LB Singh DR Singh Abstract ICAR- National Research Centre Basella L. is a very important and commonly used leafy vegetable in tropical and sub-tropical region. It for Orchids, Pakyong, Sikkim, India is a poor man’s spinach for traditional cuisine and micronutrient source. Naturally, it has three common types i.e. green, red and intermediate in colours, of them green followed by red are most preferred among V Shajeeda Banu the consumers. The present study observed significant (p<0.05) variation between three genotypes of Division of Horticulture & Basella L.. The leaf of red type ‘CIARI Shan’ had highest ascorbic acid (138.0±1.7 mg/100g), and Forestry, ICAR-Central Island anthocyanin (280.0±2.0 mg/100g), green type ‘CARI Poi Selection’ was rich in chlorophyll (135.0±7.6 Agricultural Research Institute, mg/100g) while flavonoids was highest in leaf of their intermediate type (459.0±3.2 mg/100g). The RP- Port Blair, Andaman and HPLC analysis of leaf samples identified noticeable difference in three types for major carotenoids Nicobar Islands, India (Lutein, zeaxanthin, β-cryptoxanthin, α-carotene and β-carotene), phenolics (Caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, ellagic acid, sinapic acid and naringin) and anthocyanin (Petunidin, cyandin, petunidin, LB Singh pelargonidin, peonidin and malvidin). -
Growing Specialty Ethnic Crops for a South Asian Market in the Northeast
Growing Specialty Ethnic Crops for a South Asian Market in the Northeast Table of Contents Introduction 2 Beans 3 Winged Beans 3 Long Beans 4 Seim Beans 5 Gourds 6 Snake Gourd 6 Bitter Melon 7 Luffa 8 Bottle Gourd 9 Greens 10 Jute 10 Dasheen 11 Malabar Spinach 12 Lamb’s Quarters 13 Growing South Asian Vegetables in the Northeast, a Crop Guide by East New York Farms! 2 Introduction Cultivating South Asian specialty crops in the Northeast of the United States requires creativity, versatility, and intuition, not only because of the gap in literature addressing their cultivation in temperate zones, but also because of the increasing rate of unpredictable weather patterns that growers are confronted with worldwide. Our hope is that this guide will impart a cohesive understanding of these crop types, and will share some helpful growing East New York Farmers Market on a busy summer Saturday. tips to increase the yield and fulfillment gained from growing these unique crops. The South Asian specialty crops included in this guide are divided into three general categories: beans, vining gourds, and greens. We chose these crops because they are viable in our climate and show economic potential. We did not include every crop that growers were planting, many of which are well-known and commonly grown(e.g. tomatoes, onions, etc.). Unless otherwise noted, all pictures in this guide were taken by East New York Farms! staff in our network of gardens and at our An elaborate trellis system for vining crops in an East New York backyard farmers market. -
Nutritional Value of Cambodian Crops
Nutritional Value of Common Fruits & Vegetables Grown in Cambodia Note: Recent research in Cambodia and other developing countries shows that the most common micro-nutrient deficiencies (especially among women and children) are: anemia (lack of iron), night blindness (lack of enough Vitamin A), and goiter/iodine deficiency (although in Cambodia they are promoting iodized salt, and a lot of people now use it). Additionally, protein deficiency is always a leading factor in severe malnutrition. See page 8 for recommended daily intakes. Nutritional value of foods is based on the USDA database. Note that this is the value per 100 grams of raw, uncooked foods (unless otherwise noted); keep in mind that most vegetables lose nutrients the longer you cook them. English Khmer Common Scientific Name Nutritional value per 100 grams (raw/uncooked) Image Common Name Name Energy Protein Vit. A Vit. C Iron Other significant (kcal) (g) (IU) (mg) (mg) nutrients Allium cepa bulb onion ខ្ឹមបរំង 38 1.2 0 11 .8 k'teum barang 215mg Calcium Amaranthus tricolor leafy amaranth ផ្ី 23 46 2,917 43.3 2.32 p'tee 611 mg Potassium peanut Arachis សែណ្កដី 570 25 3 1 3.8 groundnut son-dyk die Page 1 Scientific Name English Khmer Energy Protein Vit. A Vit. C Iron Other nutrients Artocarpus jackfruit ខ្ុរ 95 1.72 110 13.7 .23 heterophyllus k'no wax gourd Benincasa hispida wintermelon ្តឡច 13 .4 10 13 .4 traa-lak fuzzy bourd Brassica juncea mustard greens ៃស្ៅខ្ 22 2.2 9,900 130 spy k'mao 135 mg Calcium Brassica oleracea, var. -
Cucumis Anguria Var. Anguria Click on Images to Enlarge
Species information Abo ut Reso urces Hom e A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Cucumis anguria var. anguria Click on images to enlarge Family Cucurbitaceae Scientific Name Cucumis anguria L. var. anguria Flower and leaves. Copyright CSIRO Meeuse, A.D.J. (1958) Blumea Supplementary Series 4: 200. Common name West Indian Gherkin Weed * Fruit. Copyright K.R. McDonald Stem A slender trailing or climbing annual herb, all parts densely hispid; stems ribbed, to 3 m long x 4 mm diameter. Tendrils simple, clothed in hispid hairs; tendrils leaf-opposed. Leaves Leaf blades broadly ovate, cordate at base, deeply 3-5 lobed; blades about 35-95 x 40-90 mm, petioles about 15-60 mm long; both upper and lower leaf surfaces and the petioles densely clohted in hispid hairs. Flowers Inflorescences unisexual. Male flowers: solitary or borne in fascicles of 2-10 flowers, or in pedunculate Habit, leaves and fruit. Copyright K.R. McDonald groups; flowers about 8 mm diam; calyx tube (hypanthium) about 3-3.5 mm long, lobes linear about 0.5-2 mm long; corolla lobes ovate about 3.8-6 mm long, yellow; stamens 3, two stamens with 2-locular anthers and one stamen with a unilocular anther. Female flowers: solitary; pedicels 10-95 mm; ovary 7-9 mm long, bristly. Fruit Fruit ellipsoidal, 35-60 x 20-28 mm, densely and shortly prickly or warted, green with paler bands, ripening yellow; seeds 4-6 mm long. -
Chapter I Introduction
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background Recently, the utilisation of edible legumes as sources of dietary protein has been developed progressively due to their substantial nutritional content. With more than 18,000 described species of legumes, the majorly cultivated edible ones are soybeans, peanuts, peas, beans and lentils (Salunkhe, et al. 1992). In Indonesia, particularly; the increasing demand of soy-based products has reached a substantial amount of 2.5 million tons per year; while domestic market merely provides 40% of soybean consumption (Nurhadi 2012). As an actual fact, there are many minor tropical legumes grown in South East Asia region that have not been examined for their promising benefits. This is probably due to the tendency to explore more about the conventional crops; with regards to consumer‟s acceptability. One of the barely used vegetation resources is winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) DC.). This legume variety is available throughout the year with the annual yield of 2380kg/ha, about three times higher than the yield of soybean. Furthermore, all parts of the plant including the starchy root, leaves, flowers, immature seeds and mature seeds are edible and considerably nutritious. The green young pod is usually consumed either raw as salad ingredient, fried, boiled, or grilled. Nevertheless, little attention has been devoted to employ this legume variety as an alternative for beverage ingredients (Miyamoto, Matsushima and Nakae 1986). 1 It is therefore feasible to utilise winged bean as substitute for soybean since the nutritive value of mature winged bean seed is remarkably comparable to the one found in soybean. Even the protein and carbohydrate contents are superior as compared to groundnuts.