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The Process for Establishing a New Bank and Guidelines for Bank License Applicants

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The Process for Establishing a New Bank and Guidelines for Bank License Applicants Bank of Israel Banking Supervision Department Jerusalem, June 3, 2018 R1703302 The Process for Establishing a New Bank and Guidelines for Bank License Applicants Introduction This document presents the policy of the Banking Supervision Department (hereinafter: the Department) that regulates the process of licensing and establishing a new bank in Israel. It specifies the stages of the process of establishing a bank and the actions that the Department and those interested in establishing a bank must take (hereinafter: license applicant). The policy that follows is the product of international experience. In formulating it, publications of supervisory authorities in various countries (including the PRA in the UK and the APRA in Australia) were reviewed, talks with entrepreneurs in the field were held, and adjustments to the local economy were made. The purpose of this document is to create certainty and transparency regarding the process and the main requirements for the establishment of a bank, so that a license applicant may proceed with greater ease. In recent years, the Department has emphasized the promotion of competition in the providing of credit to the retail and small-business segments by participating in leading structural reforms and removing barriers to entry to the market, among other things. These measures are meant to amplify the competitiveness and competitive comportment among existing players and to increase the number of competitors in the financial-banking market. Technological developments and innovation in the financial world, together with leniencies granted by the Department in its directives in the past two years, make it possible to establish new and innovative banks that will use digital means and cooperate with nonbank entities in order to obviate the need for a broad network of branches. The process of establishing a bank is not simple; it entails a large investment of resources. The Bank of Israel is aware of the difficulties inherent in the process and understands the need to make it more structured, concise, and simple, to remove entry barriers to the banking system, and to create regulatory certainty for those who wish to establish a bank. Therefore, the Bank of Israel has decided to ease the regulations applying to a new bank significantly, to systematize, shorten, and simplify the bank licensing process, and to create regulatory certainty for license applicants at an early stage in the process. Within the framework of the regulatory leniencies for new banks, it has been determined that the Proper Conduct of Banking Business Directives and the Reporting to Banking Supervision Directives that apply to banks in Israel shall be tailored to every new bank and set forth commensurate with the scale and complexity of the bank’s expected activity at each stage, the risks inherent in said activity, and the quality of its controls, resulting in the application of risk-adjusted supervision. 1 Among the regulatory leniencies, a new bank that is expected to engage in non-complex activity (e.g., retail banking) shall be entitled to major leniencies in capital requirements. In its first few years of activity, it will need only NIS 50 million in initial capital. Further on, when its credit risk- weighted assets reach NIS 600 million, it will only have to attain a Common Equity Tier 1 Capital ratio of 8.0 percent and a Total Capital ratio of just 11.5 percent—capital adequacy ratios that are lower than those that currently exist for the banks. A new bank will be allowed to raise initial capital in a staggered manner, commensurate with the extent of its activity, the complexity of its products, its risk profile, and its owner’s financial strength. As the bank’s activity, services, and products expand, some of the leniencies will be downscaled gradually and some limitations that appear in its license will be lifted. This process will be carried out transparently and in coordination with the owner and management of the bank. In addition, a new bank may be hosted on the IT infrastructure of an existing bank or, alternatively, may rely on the technological infrastructure of the Digital Banking Services Bureau once such a bureau comes into being as specified in the “Letter of Principles for Enhancing Competition in the Financial System” issued by the Ministry of Finance and the Bank of Israel. To support the establishment of new banks and protect the depositor public, the public’s deposits with a new bank that receives a license from the Bank of Israel will receive infant-industry protections in a structure that will be determined jointly by the Bank of Israel and the Accountant General of the Ministry of Finance. Bank licensing for a credit-card company: In accordance with the Increasing Competition and Reducing Concentration in the Banking Market in Israel Law (Legislative Amendments), 5777- 2017, otherwise known as the “Strum reform,” the country’s two largest banks, Bank Leumi and Bank Hapoalim, will have to sell the credit-card companies that they own. Credit-card companies that are separated from banks will be able to apply for a bank license. Credit-card companies are already active in many of a bank’s areas of business and are subject to many of the Department’s directives. Accordingly, a credit-card company that wishes to become a bank will receive leniencies in capital requirements, only having to attain a Common Equity Tier 1 capital ratio of 8.0 percent and a Total Capital ratio of just 11.5 percent. It may also enjoy further regulatory dispensations at the discretion of the Supervisor of Banks (hereinafter: the Supervisor) under the principle of risk-adjusted supervision, and the licensing process that it will have to clear will be much shorter, as specified below. To create transparency for a license applicant, the Department promulgates herewith a policy document that regulates the process of licensing and establishing a new bank. Within the context of the policy and to create regulatory certainty for a license applicant, a bank license allowing limited activity for a limited period of time will be issued in the first stage. The limited license will be given after the Department finishes its review of the owner’s honesty, integrity, and financial strength and vets the prospective bank’s business plan and viability. The limited license will allow the license applicant to engage in limited activity of extending credit and accepting deposits before it completes all requisite preparations. In this manner, the limited license will give applicants certainty at an early stage of the process and allow them to complete the costly preparations for permanent licensing after receiving a limited license. Thus, license applicants may more easily complete their capital raising, hire staff, invest in infrastructure and technological systems, and contract with service providers. The business plan of a new bank may include several stages in the development of activity, so that in the first stage the new bank would offer considerably downscaled services and may even direct them at one segment of customers, such as households or small businesses, and expand its purview of activity in the second stage. The process presented in this document is systematic and structured, composed of five main stages. The document defines the measures that the applicant and the Department must take and caps the 2 review of the license application to a period of about half a year from the time the requisite documents are submitted. As the process moves ahead, the Department will steward and guide the license applicant in all stages relating to the establishment of the bank until the permanent license is given. The requisite processes, terms, and documents attending to the licensing process should be considered guidelines that shall be implemented with discretion in accordance with the particulars of the license applicant and the controlling parties. This document repeals the document titled “Licensing Process for the Establishment of a Virtual Bank in Israel—Charter,” published in July 2013, and the draft outline for the establishment of a new bank in Israel—a new policy of the Banking Supervision Department for removing barriers to entry, published in June 2016. Below is a summary of the five-stage process by which a new bank shall be established: Stage 1: Decision to establish a bank—At this stage, the license applicant determines whether he has the knowledge, tools, and resources with which to establish a bank, and draws up a proposal for the establishment of a bank ahead of a getting-acquainted meeting with the Department. Stage 2: Getting-acquainted meeting—Here the Department gains an understanding of the project and its viability and explains the licensing process to the applicant. After the meeting, the license applicant presents the Department with a preliminary application for a limited bank license and a permit to control a banking corporation. Stage 3: Preliminary dialogue—This stage comprises several meetings with the Department, during which the license applicant continues to develop the business plan and satisfy the requirements for the submission of an official application for a limited bank license and a permit to control a banking corporation. In addition, the license applicant prepares an outline of milestones and timetables for the completion of preparations for permanent licensing. At the end of this stage, the Department gives the license applicant a go-ahead in principle to submit an official application. Stage 4: Application for a limited bank license and a permit to control a banking corporation—At this stage, the license applicant presents, after having attached it to its official application for a limited bank license and a permit to control a banking corporation, an outline with milestones and timetables for the completion of the preparations.
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