Challenging Gender Stereotype As Seen in Carina Smyth in Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Men Tell No Tales (Salazar’S Revenge)

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CHALLENGING GENDER STEREOTYPE AS SEEN IN CARINA SMYTH IN PIRATES OF THE CARIBBEAN: DEAD MEN TELL NO TALES (SALAZAR’S REVENGE)

AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS

Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Sarjana Sastra in English Letters

By AVENTINE DEVI Student Number: 144214044

DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LETTERS FACULTY OF LETTERS UNIVERSITAS SANATA DHARMA YOGYAKARTA 2018

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CHALLENGING GENDER STEREOTYPE AS SEEN IN CARINA SMYTH IN PIRATES OF THE CARIBBEAN: DEAD MEN TELL NO TALES (SALAZAR’S REVENGE)

AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS

Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Sarjana Sastra in English Letters

By AVENTINE DEVI Student Number: 144214044

DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LETTERS FACULTY OF LETTERS UNIVERSITAS SANATA DHARMA YOGYAKARTA 2018

PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

“Don’t you see how far you’ve come already? You have a lot to be proud of, and every reason to keep moving forward. You can do this.” - @poemsporn_ on Instagram

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For my Beloved Parents and Myself

And for my world, J

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

My greatest gratitude goes to Jesus Christ. Only by His will and blessings can I finish things that I started. Also for my beloved parents and siblings, who always give a never ending support throughout my life.

I am very grateful to my thesis advisor, Th. Enny Anggraini, Ph.D. for every support and guidance that she gave through every proccess of writing this undergraduate thesis, from zero to the end. I also thank my co-advisor, Drs.

Hirmawan Wijanarka, M.Hum., for his suggestions so that this undergraduate thesis can be complete.

Last but not least, I also thank my beloved friends, Bagaskara GP, Kelas B

Kenyil, Kornela Mira, Teresa Kirana, Spiridona Adventia, Jessica Mega, and

Fabiana Dinda. I thank you all for giving me support through every phase in college life.

Aventine Devi

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE ...... ii APPROVAL PAGE ...... iii ACCEPTANCE PAGE ...... iv STATEMENT OF ORIGINALITY ...... v LEMBAR PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI KARYA ILMIAH ...... vi MOTTO PAGE ...... vii DEDICATION PAGE ...... viii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ...... ix TABLE OF CONTENTS ...... x LIST OF FIGURES ...... xii ABSTRACT ...... xiii ABSTRAK ...... xiv CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION ...... 1 A. Background of the Study...... 1 B. Problem Formulation ...... 4 C. Objectives of the Study ...... 4 D. Definition of Terms ...... 4 CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF LITERATURE ...... 6 A. Review of Related Studies ...... 6 B. Review of Related Theories ...... 7 1. Character and Characterization ...... 7 2. The Human Figure ...... 8 3. Patriarchy ...... 12 4. Gender Stereotype ...... 13 5. Theory of Setting ...... 15 6. Theory of Camera Placement ...... 15 C. Theoretical Framework ...... 16 CHAPTER III: METHODOLOGY ...... 18 A. Object of the Study ...... 18 B. Approach of the Study ...... 19 C. Method of the Study ...... 19 CHAPTER IV: ANALYSIS ...... 21 A. The Portrayal of Carina Smyth ...... 21 B. The Stereotype against Women ...... 32

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C. How Carina Smyth‟s Portrayal Breaks the Gender Stereotype...... 37 CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION ...... 41 REFERENCES ...... 43

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LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page No.

Figure 1. The Six Universal Facial Expression ...... 9 Figure 2. Characteristics of Clothing in 18th Century ...... 11 Figure 3. Carina Smyth Disguising as a Nun ...... 22 Figure 4. Carina Smyth Entering House With “No Dogs, No Women” Sign ...... 24 Figure 5. Carina Smyth‟s Facial Expression in Near Death Situation ...... 26 Figure 6. Carina Smyth Leads the Way ...... 26 Figure 7. Carina Smyth During Blood Moon ...... 28 Figure 8. Carina Smyth Reads The Map That No Man Can Read ...... 28 Figure 9. The Astronomer Points Gun to Carina Smyth ...... 34 Figure 10. Comparison of the Governor‟s Wife and Carina Smyth‟s Clothing ...... 35 Figure 11. Carina Smyth Wants to Swim ...... 36

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ABSTRACT

DEVI, AVENTINE. (2018). Challenging Gender Stereotypes as Seen in Carina Smyth in Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Men Tell No Tales (Salazar’s Revenge). Yogyakarta: Department of English Letters, Faculty of Letters, Sanata Dharma University. Film, unlike literary works, gives us visuals and sounds. Film can also be treated the same to a literary work since its script is considered equal to a drama script. This study analyzes one of the characters in Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Men Tell No Tales (Salazar’s Revenge), which is Carina Smyth, through the subtitle and the film itself. She may not be the main character of this film, but she is different from other women characters in the previous series of this film. There are three objectives in this research. The first objective is to describe the portrayal of Carina Smyth as seen in the subtitle and the film. The second is to show the stereotypes towards women, made by the male characters. The last objective is to show how Carina Smyth breaks the gender stereotypes. The method of this study is library research. The primary source for this study is the subtitle of Pirates of The Caribbean: Dead Men Tell No Tales (Salazar’s Revenge) made by Francis Subs. There are also some theories used to support the study, for example theory of character and characterization, theory of human figure, theory of patriarchy, theory of gender stereotype, theory of setting, and theory of camera placement. The result of the analysis is that Carina Smyth has several portrayals such as intelligent, independent, brave, confident, prominent, irrational and stormy in panic situation, and empathic. There are some stereotypes of women according to the male characters such as the incapability of women having wide knowledge, women being the second gender, the dependency of women towards men‟s money, and the relation between woman and physical appearance. However, Carina Smyth has the opposite reactions towards the stereotypes given, and applies the ways to challenge the gender stereotypes.

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ABSTRAK

DEVI, AVENTINE. (2018). Challenging Gender Stereotypes as Seen in Carina Smyth in Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Men Tell No Tales (Salazar’s Revenge). Yogyakarta: Program Studi Sastra Inggris, Fakultas Sastra, Universitas Sanata Dharma. Film, tidak seperti karya sastra, memiliki visual dan suara. Film juga dapat diperlakukan sama dengan karya sastra karena naskah film dianggap sama dengan naskah drama. Studi ini meneliti salah satu karakter dari film Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Men Tell No Tales (Salazar’s Revenge), yaitu Carina Smyth, melalui teks dan film tersebut. Dia bukan karakter utama dari film ini, tetapi dia memiliki perbedaan dari karakter wanita lain di seri sebelumnya dari film ini. Terdapat tiga tujuan penelitian dari studi ini. Tujuan pertama adalah untuk mendeskripsikan peran Carina Smyth di teks dan film ini. Tujuan kedua adalah untuk menunjukkan stereotip yang diberikan oleh karakter laki-laki terhadap perempuan. Tujuan terakhir adalah untuk menunjukkan bagaimana pembawaan peran Carina Smyth dapat mematahkan stereotip terhadap gender. Metode penelitian dari studi ini adalah studi pustaka. Referensi utama dari studi ini adalah teks film Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Men Tell No Tales (Salazar’s Revenge) yang dibuat oleh Francis Subs. Beberapa teori juga digunakan untuk mendukung analisis, seperti teori karakterisasi, teori figur manusia, teori patriarki, teori stereotip gender, teori set, dan teori penempatan kamera. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa Carina Smyth memiliki beberapa pembawaan karakter seperti cerdas, mandiri, berani, percaya diri, menonjol, irasional dan tidak tenang, dan empatik. Ada beberapa stereotip terhadap perempuan menurut karakter laki-laki, seperti tidak bisaan perempuan memiliki pengetahuan yang luas, perempuan adalah gender kedua, perempuan bergantung pada uang laki-laki, dan perempuan berkaitan dengan penampilan fisik. Namun, Carina Smyth bisa mematahkan stereotip karena ia bereaksi berlawanan dan juga menerapkan cara untuk melawan stereotip.

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CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

A. Background of the Study

Film, unlike literary works, gives us visuals and sounds. It displays everything in front of our eyes, for example the setting, the characters, the expression of the characters, and what the characters do, so that we do not have to have the imagination of the story just like what we do when we read literary works.

According to Mast,

Films are works–indeed works of art–sequential, patterned, temporal wholes that begin an end and, progressing from beginning to end, elaborate some kind of content. As works, films are analogous to plays, novels, poems, and essays, the specific kinds of works implied by the general study of literature (1982, p.285).

Based on his statement, film can also be treated similar to literary works. In addition, Mast also states that,

Like a play and unlike a novel, a film is a sort of performance art, presented for a group of persons gathered together at a specific place and time. like other performance arts, a film is usually limited to the amount of time it is believed that people wish to spend. Unlike a novel, then, a feature film must be compact, its length even closer to that of a concert or dance program than to the 2½-hour play. And like a play, a film concretely presents scenes between physical beings rather than between abstract “characters,” beings who seem to be enacting their thoughts and feelings directly for us (1982, p.288).

According to the statement below, it means that a film script can be treated equally to a drama script.

Moreover, film, just like literary works, also has characters in it. Philips stated that “characters are imaginary personages in a fictional story. They are

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often based in part on real people” (2009, p.23). Seen from the gender, character can be divided into male and female. However, there is a tendency of female being degraded. Bressler stated that “In this masculine world, the feminists declare that it is man who defines what it means to be human, not woman” (1999, pp.188-189).

Wood believes that “A primary way in which media distort reality is in underrepresenting women. Whether is is prime-time television, in which there are three times as many white men as women” (Basow as cited in Wood, 1994, p. 31).

She also stated that “media misrepresent actual proportions of men and women in the population. This constant distortion tempts us to believe that there really are more men than women and, further, that men are the cultural standard” (Wood,

1994, p.31). Films that have kingdoms or Victorian era as their setting has this characteristic. Women rarely appear in the film, or when they appear, the portrayal will be negative or weak.

Pirates of the Caribbean is an example of film which uses the time when

England conquer Caribbean as their setting of time. Pirates of the Caribbean is a series of films that describes the adventure of pirates. I discuss the latest series which is Salazar’s Revenge (Dead Men Tell No Tales). The main character of this film is Jack Sparrow (played by Johnny Depp). However, I choose to study the characteristics of Carina Smyth, one of the characters in the film. She is the only woman character in this film that stands out.

Actually in the previous series of this film, there are also women characters that act as fierce as Carina Smyth, for example Elizabeth Swann or

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Angelica. However, these women character have “support” so they do not feel scared to act differently from what society expect. Elizabeth Swann is described as the daughter of the Port Royal‟s Governor, but she joins the sailing of British

Navy whereas women are considered to bring bad luck on ship. She also marries a pirate instead of the Commodore because she knows her father will always support her with his position as the Governor. Angelica has similar story with

Elizabeth Swan. She is a pirate who happens to be a woman. The crew of the ship cannot refuse her being their boss in spite of the belief that women are bad luck on ship. It happens because Angelica is the daughter of the strongest pirate on sea;

Blackbeard. The two characters are different from Carina Smyth who has no one to support her life.

As a woman, Carina Smyth is not described as a weak creature, but the otherwise. Carina Smyth is a young woman who is accused of using black magic just because she understands about astrology, while around that time, women usually do not have a high education. She wants to discover the secret of the red moon on her book, given by her father, who is now nowhere to be found, when she was a child. She then goes into adventure with Jack Sparrow and his crew.

Looking at how the society looks down on Carina, it can be said that the society she lives in is a patriarchal society. Napikoski stated that “A patriarchal society consists of a male-dominated power structure throughout organized society and in individual relationships” (2017, para. 1). A movement called feminism tries to challenge those stereotypes. Bressler stated that “Feminism‟s goal is to change this degrading view of women so that all women will realize that

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they are not a “nonsignificant Other,” but that each woman is a valuable person possessing the same previlege and rights as every man” (1999, p.180). Women also should define themselves so boths men and women‟s voices are equally valued (Bressler, 1999, p.180).

B. Problem Formulation

1. How is Carina Smyth portrayed in Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Men Tell

No Tales (Salazar’s Revenge)?

2. What are women‟s stereotypes according to the male characters in Pirates of

the Caribbean: Dead Men Tell No Tales (Salazar’s Revenge)?

3. How can Carina Smyth‟s portrayal break the gender stereotype in Pirates of the

Caribbean: Dead Men Tell No Tales (Salazar’s Revenge)?

C. Objectives of the Study

There are three objectives of this study which comes from the problem formulation. The first aim is to describe the portrayal of Carina Smyth both in the script and in the film. The second is to show the stereotypes towards women, made by the male characters. The last objective is to show how the portrayal of

Carina Smyth breaks the gender stereotypes.

D. Definition of Terms

According to Pilcher and Whelehan (2004),

The concept of gender, as we now use it came into common parlance during early 1970s. It was used as analytical category to draw a line of demarcation between biological sex differences and the way these are used to inform behaviour and competencies, which are then assigned as either „masculine‟ and feminine‟ (Pilcher & Whelehan, 2004, p.56).

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McGarty, Yzerbyt, and Spears (2002) argued that a stereotype is any thought widely adopted about specific types of individuals or certain ways of behaving intended to represent the entire group of those individuals or behaviors as a whole (McGarty et al, 2002, p. 1-15). For example, there is a stereotype that women are weak, women can do nothing without men.

Meanwhile, Brown stated that “gender stereotypes are generalizations which start when children are introduced to certain roles that are typically linked to their biological sex” (2017, p.11).

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CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF LITERATURE

A. Review of Related Studies

The focus of this study is the portrayal of Carina Smyth as seen in

Pirates of The Caribbean: Dead Men Tell No Tales (Salazar’s Revenge). There are some related studies which are done previously by other people. The studies also have some similarities and differences with this study.

An article by Janet Burstein entitled “Like Windows in The Wall: Four

Documentaries By Israeli Women” in a journal A Journal of Jewish Women’s

Studies and Gender Issues talks about stereotype given to women. It explains about two filmmakers who want to discover how Israeli women fight against negative stereotypes given to them, such as the habit of looking at “others” as objects to be feared or controlled, and how they are forced to be materialistic

(2013, p.129)

Another article, written by Vikram Singh, entitled “Breaking The

Stereotypes: A Feminist Reading Of The Movie Dangal”, discusses a breaking to gender stereotype in Hindi film entitled Dangal. He states in his research that

Hindi women have been described as a coward and submissive in Hindi films. In this particular film, however, women are described to be rebel against the traditional values. The film is said to have feminist value against the patriarchal society. The women characters in the film set new values to other women even though they live in a patriarchal society (2017, p.28).

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There are some similarities between those researches with this present research. The two articles mentioned above explain about how women are labeled as negative creature; timid, materialistic, and submissive. Moreover, the two articles not only have film as their focus of the study, but they also describe how women fight against the stereotype given to them.

However, these two researches also have differences with the topic which

I study. First, The two articles by Vikram Singh and Janet Burstein use film as their focus, but they talk about different cultural background from this research.

Vikram Singh‟s research is based on Hindi society, while Janet Burstein‟s is based on Israeli society. Meanwhile, this research is based on British society with pirates in the society. Moreover, they do not use the same film as what I use for this research.

B. Review of Related Theories

There are some theories used in this research. These theories will be useful to help the writer answer the problem formulation in this research.

1. Character and Characterization

Abrams states

Characters are the persons represented in a dramatic or narrative work, who are interpreted by the reader as being endowed with particular moral, intellectual, and emotional qualities by inferences from what the persons say and their distinctive ways of saying it – the dialogue – and from what they do – the action (1999, p.32).

The understanding of this theory is needed because in analyzing Carina

Smyth, one of things that we can learn is from her portrayal. According to Reaske,

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there are several ways to understand a character in a drama script. Here is the explanation of the characterizing devices according to Reaske: a. The appearance of the character is the description of the character which is found in the prologue of the playwright (1966, p.46). b. Asides and soliloquies are the way of characterizing through the dialogue when a character speaks (1966, p.46). c. Dialogue between characters is when a character speaks to other characters

(1966, p. 47). d. Hidden narration is when a character is not described directly in the playwright, but the other character describes it (1966, p.47). e. Language is the way the character speaks and the expressions that they use

(1966, pp.47-48). f. Character in action is how the character acts on stage (1966, p.48).

2. The Human Figure

Pramaggiore and Wallis believe that

Casting (the selection of actors), acting style, and the placement and movement of figures influence the viewer‟s response to fictional characters, their strengths and weaknesses, and their hopes and fears (2008, p. 97).

According to them, there are several ways of representing characters and roles in a film. They are typecasting, acting style, figure placement, actors‟ costumes and props, and also their makeup (Pramaggiore and Wallis, 2008, p.

101-107).

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a. The practice of typecasting, according to them, is defined as “repeteadly

casting an actor in the same kind of role” (Pramaggiore and Wallis, 2008, p.

101). As an example, they state “Harrison Ford developed his persona as an

ironic swashbuckler in both the Star Wars and the Indiana Jones series in the

late 1970s and early 1980” (Pramaggiore and Wallis, 2008, p. 101). The film or

the series might be different, but the type of character that the actor brings is

typically similar one to another. b. Actors‟ acting style used to depend on exaggerated facial and body expressions

in silent films, as those were the only ways to convey the film‟s meaning.

However, actors may decrease the exaggeration as they can depend on sound

and visual technologies in films nowadays (Pramaggiore and Wallis, 2008, p.

101). There are six universal facial expressions which show a certain emotion,

they are “sadness, anger, joy, fear, disgust, and surprise” (Faigin, 1990, p. 126).

Figure 1. The Six Universal Facial Expression

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c. According to Pramaggiore and Wallis, figure placement and movement “can

produce artful compositions, provide information about characters and their

relationships, develop motifs, and reinforce themes” (2008, p. 104). As an

illustration, they use a film entitled Citizen Kane. The character, Mary Kane

(portrayed by Agnes Moorehead) is positioned very close to the camera, while

the other characters are placed behind her, and walking around; which make

them not as prominent as Mary Kane. This placement has an underlying

meaning that Mary Kane has an authority towards the other characters

(Pramaggiore and Wallis, 2008, p. 104). d. The characters‟ costumes may provide audiences about setting of time or place,

but the more important part is that their clothings can also convey the social

milleu and personal style. Moreover, clothing can also carry cultural

implications (Pramaggiore and Wallis, 2008, p. 106). Clothings and costumes

have their own characteristics which can be categorized in a certain era. For

example, the clothing used in this film has the characteristics of the 18th

century (Corbell & Archambault, 2007, p. 337-339) like what we can see from

the figure below, which means that this film has the 18th century as the setting

of time.

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Figure 2. Characteristics of Clothing in 18th Century

Meanwhile, props also hold an important part. Pramaggiore and Wallis think

that “props establish character and hint at change and development. Props are

moveable objects owned by characters and range from autombiles to a child‟s

teddy bear. The degree of narrative or symbolic importance of props varies”

(Pramaggiore and Wallis, 2008, p. 106). e. Last, the actors‟ makeup and hairstyles may establish time period, reveal

character traits, and signal changes in characters (Pramaggiore and Wallis,

2008, p. 107).

This theory will be needed to reveal and dig deeper the characters‟ portrayal in the film. This will complement the theory of characterization by

Abrams and Reaske, since their theory is mainly about characterization in literary works.

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3. Patriarchy

Humm states that a patriarchy is “a system of male authority which oppresses women through its social, political, and economic institutions” (1995, p.200).

There are some characteristics of patriarchy according to Humm, for example: a. Male is dominant in a sex-gender system. Morgan explains,

By the very nature of being born male, they are granted access to power, resources, and position compared to women. In any country you do not have to go far to see male privilege – whether it is greater pay, access to career advancement opportunities and leadership positions, access to education, increased freedom, access to jobs, and better nutritional attainment (2015, para. 2). b. Male control over women‟s reproduction. As an illustration, abortion issue

describes that,

Women and only women get pregnant and bear children, that women earn less than men, that they are subjected to sexual violence, have little or no access to publicly provided day care, and that they have less familial or political decision-making power than men (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2013, para. 52). c. Men have power over women. Blaschke explains that sexual harassment which

happens to be done by male is a sign that men have power over women (2018,

para. 1-2).

Those are the characteristics where “patriarchy has power from men‟s greater access to, and meditation of, the resources and rewards of authority structure inside and outside the home” (Humm, 1995, p. 200). The term patriarchy is

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needed to express “the totality of oppressive and exploitative relations which affect women” (Humm, 1995, p. 200).

This theory is needed to show what kind of society Carina Smyth lives in. As stated below, the characteristics of a patriarchy society are impartial to women. Males are considered as the first ranked gender rather than women, which will lead to negative stereotypes towards women.

4. Gender Stereotype

According to Pilcher and Whelehan,

A stereotype is defined as “a fixed, over generalized belief about a particular group or class of people” (Cardwell as cited in McLeod, 2015, para. 1).

The aim of a stereotype itself is to simplify our world, to decrease our time to think. As an example, he states that people can respond faster to a situation, because they have experienced the same thing before. However, there is also a disadvantage of a stereotype. Stereotype makes us forget that there can be differences between individuals, and the assumption can be wrong (McLeod,

2015, para. 2-4).

Humm believes that

Stereotypic thinking about sex-role related personality traits is pervasive. Desirable traits are more likely to be assigned to men with the valued

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traits for men forming a competence cluster, while women‟s traits form a warmth-expressive cluster. These stereotypes are found in school settings, children‟s literature, language styles and occupations (1995, p. 278).

Brown stated that “gender stereotypes are generalizations which start when children are introduced to certain roles that are typically linked to their biological sex” (2017, p.11).

According to the statements below, a male is considered to have masculine traits, and a female is considered to have feminine traits. Kalat argues that independence, selfishness, and ambition are considered as masculine traits while compassion, tolerance, and submissiveness are considered as feminine traits

(Kalat, 2011, p. 184). In addition, Levan gives an example of masculinity which includes “logical thinking, problem solving, staying calm in the face of danger, risk taking, and assertion and aggression” (Levan as cited in Worell, 2001, p.

718). Pretty similar, Thomas mentioned some masculine traits of “courage, strong will, ambition, independence, assertiveness, initiative, rationality, and emotional control” (Thomas, 2000, p. 248). In contrast, he mentioned feminine traits such as

“gentleness, modesty, humility, sacrifice, supportiveness, empathy, compassion, tenderness, nurturance, intuitiveness, sensitivity, unselfishness” (Thomas, 2000, p.

248).

There are several ways to break gender stereotype, such as having an equal relation between women and men, promoting or normalising gender equality, challenging any conversations that appear to degrade women, and having women to be more independent (Challenging Gender Stereotypes in the Early

Years, 2018, p. 14).

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5. Theory of Setting

Pramaggiore and Wallis state that “setting refers to the places where the film‟s action unfolds. These places may be general or specific locations, real or imaginary places” (Pramaggiore and Wallis, 2008, p.89).

They also state several functions of setting in a film, for example “to establish time and place, introducing ideas and themes, and to create mood”

(Pramaggiore and Wallis, 2008, p.92)

To describe how setting works to convey the ideas in the film, Moura gives an example,

An early scene from The Graduate (1967) opens with a close-up of Benjamin Braddock (Dustin Hoffman) alone on his bed. Behind him is a fish tank, which symbolically represents Ben‟s entrapment in a life that he doesn‟t want. Later in the movie, Ben finds himself at the bottom of a swimming pool, thus further elaborating on that concept (Moura, 2014, para.6).

6. Theory of Camera Placement

According to Lewis in Essential Cinema: An Introduction to Film

Analysis, angle of the shot is defined as “the placement of the camera in relation to the subject and not the position of the subject of the shot” (Lewis, 2014, p.88).

He believes that the position of the camera and the angle which it focuses on its subject can influence the way people understand the story of the film (Lewis,

2015, p.89).

He also states that angle can be divided into two; low-angle shot and high-angle shot. Here is the explanation of both shots: a. Low-angle shot is made by placing the camera below the subject, angled

upward. This angle makes the size of the subject exaggerated, especially

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when the subject is placed relatively close to the camera. This angle is used to

imply authority or to give a character a semblance of gravitas or menace. It

also reveals something unpleasant and unflattering about a character.

However, in some times, this angle can also be used to confer authority,

royalty, even divinity (Lewis, 2014, p.88). b. High-angle shot is made with the camera positioned above the subject and

angled downward (Lewis, 2014, p.88). This angle tends to be more flattering

and humanize in part since they lessen size and scale. Therefore, this angle is

usually used to shoot attractive movie stars. This angle also makes the figures

look smaller and implies insignificance and vulnerability. This angle can be

used as a tool to play with aspects of scale, for example to compare the

seemingly small man and big boats (Lewis, 2014, p.89).

As stated above, different camera placement can make such differences.

Moreover, understanding of this theory will also be useful since the object of this study is a film, not a literary work. Film is a series of motion pictures, unlike literary work which can be analyzed by the sentences in it. Understanding of this theory will give a detailed portrayal of a character in the film.

C. Theoretical Framework

The title of this study is Challenging Gender Stereotype as Seen in

Carina Smyth in Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Men Tell No Tales (Salazar’s

Revenge). The theories and reviews stated above are going to be used to answer the problem formulations. The focus of this study is the portrayal of Carina Smyth which breaks gender stereotype. The first problem formulation is How is Carina

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Smyth portrayed in Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Men Tell No Tales (Salazar’s

Revenge)?

The portrayal of Carina Smyth can be seen from her characterization.

Therefore, to know her characteristics, the theory of characterization is used. The characterization theory which is used is by Reaske from his book How to Analyze

Drama. Furthermore, since the object of this study is a film, theory of human figure, setting, and camera placement will be used. These theories can be used as the guide on how the audiences of this film may describe the portrayal of the characters in it.

The second probrem formulation is What are women’s stereotypes according to the male characters in Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Men Tell No

Tales (Salazar’s Revenge)?

To answer the second probrem formulation, we have to understand what kind of society Carina Smyth lives in. The theory of patriarchy and gender stereotype will be used. As stated before, Carina Smyth lives in a patriarchy society, therefore, the society may labelled women with negative stereoytpes.

The last problem formulation is How can Carina Smyth’s portrayal break the gender stereotypes in Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Men Tell No

Tales (Salazar’s Revenge)?

To answer the third problem formulation, we have to understand the concept of gender. The theory of gender stereotypes will also be used to learn what kinds of stereotypes are labeled to women in the society of this film and how the gender stereotype can be broken.

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CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

A. Object of the Study

The objects of this study are the movie subtitle by Francis Subs, published in 2017 and the film Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Men Tell No Tale

(Salazar’s Revenge). Salazar’s Revenge is the title given to the film which was released outside the United States. This film is the fifth series of Pirates of the

Caribbean series which was produced by Walt Disney Pictures. This film was released on May 2017 and was directed by Joachim Rønning and Espen Sandberg

(Vejvoda, 2015, para. 1-2).

This film was nominated for six different awards in Teen Choice Awards for Choice Action Movie, Choice Action Movie Actor for both Johnny Depp and

Brenton Thwaites, Choice Action Movie Actress for Kaya Scodelario, Choice

Movie Villain for Javier Bardem, Choice Movie Liplock, and Choice Summer

Movie.

The film is about an adventure of Jack Sparrow and his crew to find the

Trident of Poseidon. Henry Turner, the son of Will Turner, believes that the trident can release his father from the cursed ship. At the same time, Carina

Smyth, an astronomer, crossed path with Jack Sparrow and finds out that he will be helping Henry Turner to look for the Trident. She has the map that no man can read in her diary. Carina successfully read the map and leads the crew to the island where the map points to. It turns out that the trident was hidden at the bottom of the sea.

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B. Approach of the Study

The approach that will be used is feminist approach. According to

Guerin, “feminist approach is an approach which is concerned with the women marginalization that women are being put to secondary position or lower than men” (1999, p.196).

Corrigan and White believes that

Feminism began to have wide social and intellectual currency during the 1970s. Commentators point out that female image is treated differently from the male image in film – as well as in advertising, pornography, and painting. The objectification of the female image seems to solicit a possessive male gaze or female identification (Corrigan & White, 2009, p.492).

The feminists in film production try to make women not the object of visual pleasure and narrative satisfaction (Corrigan & White, 2009, p.493). The approach is the most appropriate to be used since this research because it helps to understand the concept of women being marginalized but have the power to survive. This research analyzes the stereotypes against women, yet the female character can challenge it through her characteristics.

C. Method of the Study

The method of this study is library research. The primary source for this study is the film Pirates of The Caribbean: Dead Men Tell No Tales (Salazar’s

Revenge). There are also some books used to support the study, for example How to Analyze Drama by Christopher Russell Reaske and the second edition of

Literary Criticism: An Introduction to Theory and Practice by Charles E.

Bressler. There is also a search on articles in the internet to look for theories.

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There were some steps taken to analyze this film. The first was watching the film. After that, I looked for the script for this film to be analyzed. Since I could not find one, I looked for the subtitle instead. I also put numbers for the lines in the subtitle to help in quoting from it. I found out that the film revealed the idea of feminism by challenging women stereotypes in it. Then, I formulated the problem formulation to describe how the character can reveal the idea of feminism, and how could the character break the gender stereotype. The next step was to answer the problem formulations in this study. The last step was to make a conclusion based on the findings in the analysis part.

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CHAPTER IV

ANALYSIS

This part contains the answer to the problem formulations. This chapter is devided into three parts according to the problem formulations. The first part is about Carina Smyth‟s portrayal, the second part is about stereotype of women made by the men characters, and the last part is about how Carina Smyth breaks the stereotypes.

A. The Portrayal of Carina Smyth

To describe Carina Smyth‟s portrayal, I use the theory of characterization by Reaske, the theory of human figure by Pramaggiore and Wallis, and theory of camera placement by Lewis.

1. Intelligent

Carina disproves that statement of the Priest when she says,

I confess that I am not a witch, that I‟m a woman of science. I confess that I have survived on my own, with nothing but a diary from a father I never knew, on a quest for the truth of who I am. I confess that I will die before I give up this search. And I confess that while we‟ve been talking, I pitched this lock (2017, lines 224-237).

After running away from the jail, she comes into a house which happens to be an astronomer‟s house. She changes the position of the astronomer‟s telescope and in no time, the astronomer comes out:

Astronomer: “No woman has ever handled my Herschel!” Carina: “Sir, your celestial fix was off. I have adjusted two degrees north. Your map will no longer be imprecise, although you will have to start again with it.” (2017, lines 331-349)

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She is showing her intelligence again in her response to the astronomer;

“You‟re a witch!” (2017, line 350). Carina responds by showing off, “No, I‟m not. Am I a witch for having cataloged over 200 stars?” (2017, lines 351-353).

This is also a proof that she is a feminist. She does not want a man to degrade her just because she is a woman.

Figure 3. Carina Smyth Disguising as a Nun

As seen in figure 3 above, Carina Smyth disguises herself as a nun who takes care of Henry Turner in the hospital. This is one of the example which shows her smartness; she has the idea to disguise to enter the hospital, to reach for

Henry Turner.

When Carina Smyth and Henry Turner meet, they have the discussion about the Trident of Poseidon, which can be found by reading the map that no man can read.

Carina: Tell me why you seek the Trident. Henry: The Trident can break any curse at sea. My father was trapped by such a curse. Carina: You‟re aware that curses are not supported by science? Henry: Neither are ghosts. Carina: So you have gone mad? I should never have come here (2017, lines 496-506).

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Carina Smyth does not believe in ghosts. There is a scene where they are chased by the dead men, and Henry says “Carina, the dead are coming” (2017, lines 1562-1563), and Carina replies “Well, I choose not to believe in supernatural nonsense” (2017, lines 1564-1565).

She uses the word science to show how she has done her previous works, which shows her intelligence. She also cleverly buys time when she pitches the lock by looking like she confesses to the Priest. The statements are the example of her portrayal showed through her language and character in action. She states herself as a woman of science. Moreover, this is also can be categorized as her action, since she does something to free herself from the prison and also changes the position of the telescope to show that she has the knowledge about it. Another way to know this portrayal is through the dialogue between characters. Carina has the conversation with Henry. She shows no interest in talking about curse or ghosts, since it is just a myth and cannot be proven scientifically. She needs more than it since she is a woman of science.

2. Independent

Another characteristic that we can see is her independence. She can survive all alone with no help. She said that she does not know her father. She learns only from a diary that her father left for her. She also can run away from the prison by picking the lock of the jail while talking to the priest who is standing outside of the bar, all alone with no help (2017, pp. 13-14)

When Carina Smyth and Jack Sparrow arrive in Poseidon‟s tomb, Jack

Sparrow and Henry get into a fight. Seeing the Trident, Carina has the initiative to

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take the Trident alone. This is her act which shows her independence. She does not seek for any help to take the Trident.

This is where language and character in action are applied. Carina states it all; that she works alone without the help of a father, and she learns from a diary. Her leaving the jail is also the way she reacts when she gets caught.

Moreover, she does all things alone.

3. Brave

When Carina Smyth runs away from the jail, she enters the astronomer‟s house. It has a sign “No dogs, No women” in frame 18:54 which can be seen in Figure 4 below. She does not care about the sign and just enters the house. It shows her bravery because she is on a run from the jail; the soldiers are looking for her, yet she dares to enter an astronomer‟s house, who has position in society rather than Carina Smyth who is believed as an orphan and a witch. This shows her action of bravery.

Figure 4. Carina Smyth Entering House With “No Dogs, No Women” Sign

In the middle of her journey, Captain Barbossa accused Carina Smyth‟s father as a thief because Barbossa claims to be the one who owned the Carina

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Smyth‟s book. Carina then slaps Barbossa, even though he is the captain of the ship. She then says, “The memory of my father will not be defiled by the tongue of a pirate” (2017, lines 1991-1993).

Here applies the character in action and figure movement. She runs away from the jail, finds a house, and no matter what the sign says she just reacts to enter the house. She also dares to react to Barbossa‟s statement which says that her father is a thief. She even does a movement to slap Barbossa. This signifies her bravery.

4. Confident

In spite of the fact that Carina Smyth works alone in her journey, she never feels insecure about it. It can be seen from her statement when she wants to buy a chronometer from the astronomer, “… I simply need to purchase a chronometer. I pay you double for selling to a woman” (2017, lines 357-360). She is confidently saying that she is a woman who knows about astronomy.

Another proof that she is confident is when she meets Henry Turner, who later joins the adventure with Jack Sparrow. They talk about the map that no man can read when Henry doubts it by saying “But this map has never been seen or read, by any man” (2017, lines 516-517). Carina Smyth replies, “Luckily I‟m a woman” (2017, line 518). We understand that the word “man” in Henry‟s statement means “human”. However, Carina does not easily agree with Henry‟s statement since it has a gender conotative word.

In the middle of the journey, Carina Smyth, Jack Sparrow, and Henry

Turner finally meets Captain Barbossa. He is one of the rich and famous pirate at

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the sea. Captain Barbossa once tied them because there can be only one captain at the ship However, Carina Smyth dare to make a deal by saying, “Captain, your map is incomplete, I can take us to the Trident if you‟d only trust me” (2017, lines

1901-1904).

Figure 5. Carina Smyth’s Facial Expression in Near Death Situation

As seen in figure 5, Carina Smyth‟s facial expression does not show any anxiety even though she is so close to death by hanging. She even still clarifies that she is not a witch in front of the crowd.

Figure 6. Carina Smyth Leads the Way

When the troupe finally reach the place which reflects the map that no man can read, Carina Smyth walks in front of the male characters, Jack Sparrow

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and Barbossa as seen in figure 6. This shows her being confident because her theory is finally proven and it is not only a nonsense.

This characteristic in this part is found based on her language and dialogue between characters. She confidently states that she is a woman and dares to pay more for a chronometer. She also answer confidently that she is a woman in her conversation with Henry Turner. She even feels confident that she can take all of the people on the ship to the Trident.

In addition, Carina Smyth‟s facial expression and her figure placement also plays a part to proving her confidence, as it is stated in the theory of human figure. She does not show any sign of losing her confidence when she is in a near death situation. She also confidently walking in front of the famous pirates and lead them to the Trident of Poseidon.

5. Prominent

There is a typecasting method applied in Carina Smyth. The actress who plays the role of Carina Smyth named Kaya Scodelario. She has the image of being prominent since the Maze Runner series. She was the woman character who stands out in that series, so does in this film.

We can see that Carina is equated with something precious. A witch that

Barbossa begs help to compared Carina in page 46 by saying, “… A girl and a pearl.” This pun puts the word “girl” and “pearl” together, as if the witch herself knows that Carina is precious.

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Figure 7. Carina Smyth During Blood Moon

Carina Smyth gets caught for the second time. During this time, there is a blood moon, which is the moment to read the map that no man can read. The shot used in this scene shows low angle shot. Moreover, Carina Smyth is placed relatively close to the camera, as we can see in figure 7. The scene displayed in figure 7 shows that since then, she is given the authority to read the map that no man can read, just like what the theory of camera placement states. Thus, it conveys the idea of prominence.

Figure 8. Carina Smyth Reads The Map That No Man Can Read

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As seen in figure 8, she proves Henry wrong because she can read “the map that no man can read” during the blood moon when she is still in the jail for the second time after she gets caught. It is a prove that she holds an important role in the film. If she does not know the map, there will be no journey to the treasure.

Carina Smyth is also proven not to be just an ordinary person who comes out of nowhere. She is, in fact, Barbossa‟s daughter. He is the king of the pirates of the sea. It can be seen from Jack Sparrow‟s speech when Jack Sparrow overheard the conversation between Barbossa and Carina Smyth, “I‟ll have to be frank, Hector. You are very, very ugly. So how could you produce a fetching creature such as that?” (2017, p.112). However, they realize it when the journey almost comes to the end. Up to that moment, the whole pirates crew just recognize her as an ordinary woman.

When Carina Smyth, Barbossa, and Jack Sparrow come to the missing star in the island, Barbossa says to Carina, “Finish it, Carina” (2017, line 2207).

Even Barbossa, the greatest pirate on sea asks Carina to complete the map that no man can read by giving her the ruby on her diary which is actually the missing star.

The understanding of this portrayal is based on the character as seen by another and also the help of prop. The witch sees and states by herself that Carina

Smyth is precious and important. In addition, the diary with the map that no man can read is considered as a prop belongs to Carina Smyth. It is so important because a map is the beginning of every journey. The prop helps to reveal the importance of Carina Smyth as she is the one who owns it. Carina Smyth turns out

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to be Barbossa‟s daughter also conveys the idea of precious. It signifies that she is more than just nobody, she is the daughter of the Lord of the Pirates even though she does not know that fact.

6. Irrational and Stormy

There is a scene where Carina Smyth and Jack Sparrow run away from the troop of soldiers because Jack Sparrow is a pirate, and Carina Smyth is accused of being a witch. Jack ask Carina, “Were you part of the plan?” (2017, line 374) and Carina answers “I am not looking for trouble” (2017, line 375). This is an example of her portrayal through her speech.

Then, Carina Smyth and Jack Sparrow are standing on a house‟s roof and surrounded by the soldiers. In the middle of the panic situation, Carina cannot think and ask Jack Sparrow, “We‟re trapped. What do we do?” (2017, line 379).

This is also the example of her speech.

Even though Carina Smyth has several strong portrayals, there are some times that she cannot help herself and look for help. She also does not look for trouble, which means she does not want to take big risk for her journey in the first place.

7. Emphatic

A proof which shows that she has an emotional side is when she finally realizes that she is Barbossa‟s daughter. However, it is too late since Barbossa sacrifices himself so that the pirate troupe can be saved from the danger. She cries to express her feelings that time. Henry asks her, “You alright?” and Carina replies, “I don‟t know. For a moment, I had everything, Henry. Now it‟s all gone

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again” (2017, lines 2378-2380). This is an example of a facial expression, when tears is a significance that someone is sad and being emotional.

According to figure 3, Carina Smyth disguises herself as a nun. There is an underlying meaning behind the choice of costume that she wears. A nun symbolizes empathy and caring.

In the scene where the troupe arrives in the island of the map that no man can read, Carina says, “Quickly, we have to find the Trident to save Henry”

(2017, lines 2200-2202). She changes her intention to find the Trident. At first, she wants to prove that there is a map that no man can read according to the diary which is left by her father. Later on, after Henry gets caught by the dead men,

Carina Smyth changes her intention to find the Trident also.

Carina tries to wake Henry up when he passes out. She yells, “Henry, wake up. He‟s killing Jack!” (2017, lines 2279-2280). Carina and Jack do not always get along each other throughout the journey. However, she cares enough when Jack is tortured by Salazar.

Dressing as a nun, it shows underlying meaning that Carina Smyth also has the soft side in spite of all the toughness she has faced. Carina Smyth can also be emotional knowing that Barbossa is her father, and after knowing that fact, he is dead. She always has her father as her role model to begin her journey in life.

Her language also conveys the idea of being empathic to Henry by saying that she wants to save him.

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B. The Stereotype against Women

In this second part, I am going to describe what kind of stereotypes are given to Carina Smyth. To describe that, I use the theory of patriarchy and gender stereotype. To complete the analysis, theory of characterization, human figure, setting, and camera placement is still useful.

1. The Incapability of Women of Having Wide Knowledge

The beginning scene of Carina Smyth and Priest shows how Carina

Smyth is accused of doing witchcraft, whereas she only practices her knowledge.

This shows that in Carina Smyth‟s society, there is not much of women scholar. In addition, she is also considered as an orphan; “Carina Smyth, you‟re an orphan, born of the devil...” (2017, lines 217-218).

Carina Smyth asks Henry for help to get out from the island. They has the discussion about the map that no man can read. Henry has the doubt over

Carina asked Henry, “You‟ve read the ancient text?” (2017, line 513) and Henry replies, “In each language they were written. But this map has never been seen nor read by any man” (2017, lines 514-517).

During Carina Smyth and the pirates‟ journey, she wants to take over the ship. One of the pirates crew does not believe in her by asking, “Sir, you wouldn‟t allow a woman to steer your ship?” (2017, lines 1933-1934) to Barbossa.

According to the previous series, women are believed to bring bad luck on the ship, which seems like it is still believed by the pirates.

Based on the theory of patriarchy, women are the second gender in society and men are more dominant. Seeing on the characteristics of a patriarchy

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society, a woman does not need a high education or knowledge, since a woman will only deal with feminine issues in warmth cluster. This can be the cause that

Carina Smyth is seen as a witch, since around that time it is unusual to have women with high education.

2. Women Being the Second Gender

In the beginning of the film, Carina Smyth is already described as an evil creature. this can be seen from how a Priest asks Carina to confess her sin before her death sentence in a prison, “Carina Smyth, you‟re an orphan, born of the devil.

Accused of practicing witchcraft. Before you die, do you have anything to confess?” (2017, lines 217-223). The words used to describe Carina always have negative meaning in it. When the officers look for Carina, they use words like

“wicked lass” that refer to Carina. In a scene where Carina Smyth runs away from the jail, she comes inside an astronomer‟s house. The astronomer is shocked when he knows Carina is inside. He says, “You‟re a witch!” (2017, line 350). Those are the example that the theory of character as seen by others still applies. Those words describe how people see women.

There is also the scene where the Governor‟s wife is caught cheating by

Jack Sparrow. The soldiers want to shoot Sparrow, and do not care about the woman behind. The Governor just calls her trollop (2017, line 300).

In figure 3, we can see that the setting takes place in front of the astronomer‟s house and there is a sign which says “No Dogs, No Women”. Even the word “women” is put under or after the word “dog”, which gives the interpretation that women are worse than animals.

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Figure 9. The Astronomer Points Gun to Carina Smyth

In the scene where Carina Smyth enters the astronomer‟s house, the astronomer keeps on saying that Carina Smyth is a witch. He then points his gun towards Carina Smyth as seen in figure 9. It signifies how easy it is to put a woman‟s life to an end. In addition, the astronomer is not just any man, he is a man with an education background.

Based on the stereotype above, the theory of stereotype is applied. One theory of stereotype states that the aim of us making stereotype is to ease us in thinking. In the scene where Carina Smyth enters the astronomer‟s house, there is already a sign which says no women are allowed. The astronomer does not bother to think further about Carina Smyth. He believes in what he sees; that she is a woman, and no woman is allowed to be there.

Moreover, here also applies the theory of patriarchy. The male characters who make stereotype over Carina Smyth proved that men are dominant in sex- gender system. The astronomer has better education than Carina does, he also thinks that he has the freedom to kill a woman.

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3. Dependency of Women to Men’s Money

The scene where the Governor‟s wife is caught cheating with Jack

Sparrow takes place inside the bank‟s vault. The setting is taken inside a bank, which implies that the woman is gold digger, she wants to be with the pirate because he promised her money. However, her clothing, compared to Carina

Smyth, is more decent. She wears cleaner and also more beautiful clothing compared to a woman who is described as a crum, which can be seen in the figure below. This scene has an underlying meaning that being a wife of an important person does not make a woman has a better class in society.

Figure 10. Comparison of the Governor’s Wife and Carina Smyth’s Clothing

Captain Barbossa left Carina Smyth with a diary of Galileo Galilei which has a ruby stone in the cover. He says, “I thought the rubby might afford her some ease in life” (2017, lines 2045-2047). This is a stereotype that women just need money to support their life.

Those are the example that women are assumed to live their lives with intuitiveness. The system of patriarchy has caused women to has the intuitive that men have more economical previlege than women. In the case of the Governor‟s

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wife, she has the affair with a pirate who wants to rob the bank. She finds more man who can financially help her. Seen from the clothing, she wears a more complicated pattern, which seems expensive, rather than the women appear in the film, including Carina Smyth. Barbossa pressumes that Carina Smyth is going to exchange the ruby with money or some sort to live as a woman, not as an astrologist who has a journey.

4. Relation between Women and Physical Appearance

There is a scene where Henry Turner wants to look for Jack Sparrow in the jail. He introduces himself as the son of Elizabeth Swan, who used to have a slight romantic relationship with Jack Sparrow. Jack Sparrow describes her physical appearance, “She‟s golden-haired, stubborn, pouty lips, neck like a giraffe, and two of those wonderful...” (2017, lines 676-679).

Another scene displays Carina Smyth taking off her clothes to swim and run away from a small boat which is being chased by the dead men. Henry and

Jack Sparrow enjoy the act of her taking her clothes off. Henry tells Carina to stop, but Jack does not want the view to stop. This scene proves that men have the masculine trait which is aggressive.

Figure 11. Carina Smyth Wants to Swim

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Jack: Why? She was almost finish. Henry: I saw her ankles. Jack: You‟d have seen a lot more if you‟d have kept your cake hole shut (2017, lines 1584-1588).

There is a scene where Jack Sparrow and Hector Barbossa both realize that Carina Smyth is Barbossa‟s daughter. Jack says, “I‟ll have to be frank,

Hector. You are very, very ugly. So how could you produce a fetching creature such as that?” (2017, lines 2033-2037).

The stereotypes given are the example of hidden narration. According to the lines above, women are only seen by their physical appearance. The male characters seem like not caring about what the women have been through beside their physical appearance.

C. How Carina Smyth’s Portrayal Breaks the Gender Stereotype

In this last part, I am going to explain how Carina Smyth‟s portrayal can break the gender stereotype towards her. I am going to use the theory of gender stereotype to complete the analysis.

There are several portrayals of Carina Smyth which can be found in the film. There are intelligent, independent, brave, confident, prominent, irrational and stormy, and empathic. There are also some stereotypes towards her, such as the incapability of women having wide knowledge, women being the second gender after men, the dependency of women to men‟s money, and women are seen only for their physical appearance.

It also can be said that she breaks women stereotypes made by the male character. The first stereotype found in the film is that women cannot have wide knowledge. Carina Smyth challenges it by being an intellectual woman as her

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characteristics. She understand things which men cannot understand, such as fixing the celestial of the astronomer. She is also capable of reading the map that no man can read. Her being confident also shows that she has wide knowledge, otherwise, she will not be so confident with the journey.

There is a stereotype that women are dependant on men‟s money. Carina

Smyth proves that it is not true. She is an independent woman. She does not see the ruby stone as an allowance from her father, she uses it as the tool to start the journey with the pirates. Unlike the wife of the government, we can see in figure

10 that Carina Smyth does not wear a beautiful gown. If Carina Smyth is a dependant woman, she would not have a journey with the filthy pirates. She would find a rich man and live happily ever after in the land with him instead.

Another stereotype is that women are seen only for the physical appearance. Carina Smyth is a pretty woman indeed, however, she does achieve more than that. She takes off her clothes to show that she is being rational, she wants to swim away from the dead which chases Jack Sparrow. She is described as a fetching creature, yet she proves more that she is a woman of science, not only a pretty woman. The women that the male characters are talking about have been in a journey with a pirate, which is believed to bring bad luck, but they got the treasure anyway at the end of their journey. The women achieved more than just their physical appearance, yet the men just keep on focusing on it.

She also proves it wrong that women are the second gender after men.

Carina Smyth may be seen as a negative person, however, she is not. She wants to team up with the pirates to prove her theory about the trident of Poseidon. If she

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really was a bad person, she would not share the information that she has on the map. She contributes a lot in the journey, she is a prominent character in this film.

Without her, the journey would never start, since she is the one who can read the map. She even leads the journey and the pirates or the male characters just follow her. She shows her bravery and confidence even when she is in a near death situation, she does not give up on her journey. The male characters are pessimistic that they can find the trident. Carina Smyth is the one who encourages them with her confidence that the trident is true and there is a map to help them find it. her being intelligent also shows that she is not a second gender, since she is even better than the male characters in case of having a wider knowlede.

According to the gender stereotype theory, we can divide two traits such as feminine and masculine. We can see that Carina Smyth has both of the feminine and masculine traits.

The masculine traits which Carina has including her intelligence, independence, bravery, confidence, and her prominence. Her being intelligent has the same meaning of being rational, since she needs scientific explanation on anything. Rational is one of the masculine traits according to Levan and Thomas in their book. Kalat believes that independent is one of masculine traits. Carina is described as a brave woman in this film. With being brave, she has the courage and strong will, which match the masculine traits according to Thomas. Carina

Smyth is a confident person, yet one of the feminine traits explained by Kalat is submissive. Being confident and prominent means that she does not just obey the

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words of the men, and not being the submissive one. She shows that she can also lead.

However, Carina Smyth also has feminine traits. She cannot think rationally and calmly in panic situation. It shows her being dependent and not rational, which does not fit the masculine traits by Thomas. She is also emotional, which matches the feminine traits according to Best. She has the empathy to take care of Henry, which fits the feminine trait by Thomas.

Even though Carina Smyth has both the feminine and masculine traits, the more prominent ones are the masculine traits. She has more of the masculine traits rather than the feminine traits, which means that she is not an ordinary woman with feminine characteristics. Here applies the theory on how to break gender stereotype. Carina Smyth is promoting herself into having an equal traits of feminine and masculine. She also challenged some conversations which show degradation to women, as an example when she replies to Henry that she is not a man, she is a woman, and she can try to read the map that no man can read.

Moreover, as stated before, Carina Smyth is an independent woman. Promoting the independence of women shows the act of breaking gender stereotype according to the book Challenging Gender Stereotypes in the Early Years.

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CHAPTER V

CONCLUSION

This part contains the conclusion which is drawn based on the analysis.

There are three research objectives in this study. The first is to find the portrayal of Carina Smyth. The second is to describe the stereotypes of women according to the male characteres. The last objective is to show how Carina Smyth‟s portrayal can break the stereotype.

To analyze the portrayal of Carina Smyth, I used the theory of characterization. To support the analysis, I also used the theory of human figure and camera placement. There are several portrayals that I got. Carina Smyth is described as an intelligent, independent, brave, confident, and prominent woman.

Moreover, she is also irrational and stormy in panic situation. Since she is a woman, she also has the warmth cluster portrayal like the empathy that she has.

The next objective was to describe the stereotypes of women made by the male characters. To analyze this part, I applied some theories such as patriarchy and gender stereotype. The stereotypes are seen through the characteristics, human figure, and camera placement. There is a stereotype of the incapability of women having wide knowledge. Women are also put in the second level of gender system. Women are dependant to men‟s money, and women are related to physical appearance.

The last objective was to describe how Carina Smyth‟s portrayal can break the stereotype of women in the film. In this part, applies the gender

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stereotype theory. In conclusion, Carina Smyth really breaks the gender stereotype. Her characteristics show that she also applies some ways which is believed to challenge the gender stereotype, and she also proves the stereotypes wrong.

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