DOCSLIB.ORG

MIAMI UNIVERSITY Doctor of Philosophy

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
MIAMI UNIVERSITY Doctor of Philosophy MIAMI UNIVERSITY The Graduate School Certificate for Approving the Dissertation We hereby approve the Dissertation of Rhonda Gilliam-Smith Candidate for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy _________________________________ Chair Dennis Carlson _________________________________ Reader Kate Rousmaniere __________________________________ Reader Denise Taliaferro Baszile __________________________________ Reader Lisa Weems __________________________________ Graduate School Representative Mary Jane Berman ABSTRACT FREEDOM ACTS: A HISTORICAL ANALYSIS OF THE STUDENT NON-VIOLENT COORDINATING COMMITTEE AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO THEATRE OF THE OPPRESSED by Rhonda Gilliam-Smith There are two tensions in critical pedagogy. One is between the universalistic and the particularistic critical pedagogy models. The other tension exists between the community and the schools. Critical pedagogy as universalistic is good, but we need to know how critical pedagogy can be used more specifically on American soil by African Americans. Secondly, we also need to reclaim education as a community project. Understanding SNCC’s social dramas through the lens of Theatre of the Oppressed as reflected in Critical Pedagogical practice helps educators understand how they can best engage the community in reclaiming the task of educating its youth. This dissertation is a social history of the Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) and its relationship to Augusto Boal’s, Theatre of the Oppressed. Theatre of the Oppressed (Boal, 1979) was developed out a community based educational program that uses theatre as a tool for social and cultural transformation. I focused on SNCC’s several freedom acts of the early 1960’s: The Sit-Ins, Freedom Summer, Freedom Schools, and the Free Southern Theatre. SNCC, a student lead social movement, was established February 1, 1960 with the first sit-in and is considered by many historians as the catalyst for social change during the civil rights movement that increased voting registration, civic engagement, collective and individual transformation. This dissertation thus represents a recovery of memory, and an attempt to make use of this historical memory to re-think critical pedagogy as dramaturgical and community-based. In re-covering and re-working the memory of SNCC’s militant pedagogy from the early 1960s, I am informed by Augusto Boal’s Theatre of the Oppressed, which in turn is related to Paulo Freire’s pedagogy of the Oppressed, and through Freire to the work of Henry Giroux and others in critical pedagogy. An historical analysis was conducted on these freedom acts by examining archival data, interviews and secondary sources to understand the specific ways in which SNCC’s freedom acts reflects Augusto Boal’s (1985) Theatre of the Oppressed Forum Theatre’s main techniques: Protagonist/Antagonist, Spectator/Actor, and the Joker. I also explored the particular features of SNCC’s social dramas that don’t necessarily fit neatly into Boal’s model. In general, SNCC’s freedom acts exhibited critical pedagogical practices (Freire, 1996) by helping the oppressed and the oppressor reach conscientization, valuing dialogue, and providing opportunities for the oppressor and the oppressed to gain a greater understanding of oppression through carefully questioning every aspect of society. In the final analysis, I provide a conceptual framework (Giroux, 1992) from the techniques learned from studying SNCC’s community engagement work and its radical pedagogy and practices. SNCC’s Freedom Acts were, individually and collectively transformative, reflective of Forum Theatre, and can be used today as a radical pedagogical framework for black communities to reclaim education promote critical pedagogy in the community and in local schools. FREEDOM ACTS: A HISTORICAL ANALYSIS OF THE STUDENT NON-VIOLENT COORDINATING COMMITTEE AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO THEATRE OF THE OPPRESSED A DISSERTATION Submitted to the Faculty of Miami University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Educational Leadership By Rhonda Gilliam-Smith Miami University Oxford, Ohio 2008 Dissertation Director: Dennis Carlson © Rhonda Gilliam-Smith 2008 TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract………………………………………………………………………….. Dedication……………………………………………………………………….. Acknowledgements…………………………………………………………… CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Introduction……………………………………………………………………………………1 Statement of Problem, Purpose, and Significance of Study ……………………………………………………..3 Boundaries of the Study…………………………………………………………………....9 Methodology Overview……………………………………………………………………13 Organization of the Dissertation……………………………………………………….14 CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW Introduction …………………………………………………………………………………17 Background of African American Social Drama……………………………………..17 Discourse of Freedom…………………………………………………………………26 Discourse of Non-Violence……………………………………………………………32 Theoretical Frameworks………………………………………………………………….34 Performance Theory…………………………………………………………………..34 Theatre of the Oppressed …………………………………………………………..37 Theatre of the Oppressed in America………………………………………45 iii Theatre of the Oppressed and Critical Pedagogy…………………………48 Description of Theatre of the Oppressed ………………………………....51 Spectator/Actor……………………………………………………….52 Protagonist/Antagonist………………………………………………53 The Joker……………………………………………………………..54 Scholarship on Boal and Theatre of the Oppressed……………………..58 Critical Analysis: Forum Theatre and SNCC………………………………………..60 Conclusion of the Literature Review…………………………………………………62 CHAPTER 3 METHODS Introduction………………………………………………………………………………..64 Social History Methodology…………………………………………………………….65 Living Black History……………………………………………………………...66 Re-Membering History…………………………………………………………..67 Research Design and Methods………………………………………………………...71 Interviews…………………………………………………………………………….70 Primary and Secondary Sources……………………………………………………72 Historical Scholarship: Chronologically…………………………………………….72 Freedom Acts as Social Drama……………………………………………………..75 The Greensboro Sit-Ins………………………………………………………………76 Freedom Summer…………………………………………………………………….78 Freedom Schools……………………………………………………………………..79 The Free Southern Theatre………………………………………………………….79 Historical Research Literature: Narratives………………………………………………….81 Analyses………………………………………………………………………………………82 iv CHAPTER 4 1. The GREENSBORO SIT-INS Introduction………………………………………………………………………………..86 History of the Sit-Ins…………………………………………………………………….87 Spectator/Actors………………………………………………………………….87 James Lawson………………………………………………………………..91 Merrell Proudfoot…………………………………………………………….93 Ralph Johns…………………………………………………………………..94 Wilma Player………………………………………………………………….97 Protagonist/Antagonist…………………………………………………………99 The Greensboro Four………………………………………………………100 Other SNCC participants…………………………………………………..105 The Joker………………………………………………………………………….107 Ella Baker……………………………………………………………………108 Congressman John Lewis………………………………………………….112 Summation………………………………………………………………………………..118 CHAPTER 5 2.FREEDOM SUMMER 3. FREE SOUTHERN THEATRE Introduction………………………………………………………………………………120 Freedom Summer Project……………………………………………………………..121 Freedom Summer Prospectus……………………………………………………..125 Freedom Schools……………………………………………………………………127 Critical Pedagogy Analysis......................................................................129 Community Engagement Programs………………………………………………133 Analysis……………………………………………………………………………..135 v Mississippi Theatre Project………………………………………………………..137 Bob Moses as the Joker……………………………………………………………140 The Free Southern Theatre……………………………………………………………143 John O’Neal………………………………………………………………………….145 Vision and Objectives………………………………………………………………148 Freedom Songs as Curriculum………………………………………………………..151 Analysis……………………………………………………………………………………..154 CHAPTER 6 OVERVIEW AND IMPLICATIONS FOR CRITICAL PEDAGOGY Radical Pedagogy and Practice Overview of the Research…………………………………………………………….162 SNCC Reflecting Critical Pedagogy………………………………………….……..165 Freedom Acts: Reflect Theatre of the Oppressed………………………………166 Freedom Acts: Uniquely different from Theatre of the Oppressed……………170 Freedom Acts: Success and Limitations………………………………………….173 Implications for Critical Pedagogy………………………………………………….176 Coming to self-understanding.................................................................177 Situating oneself in history.....................................................................178 Knowledge to power..............................................................................182 Understanding the limitations of our institutions, or even our age...............184 Final Words……………………………………………………………………………….186 REFERENCES…………………………………………………………………………….189 APPENDICES A Inform Consent Form……………………………………………………………..200 B (SNCC Archives) SNCC Suggested Readings.……………………………….201 vi C (SNCC Archives) Freedom Summer Prospectus…………………………..205 D (SNCC Archives Free Southern Theatre….…………………………………215 E (SNCC Archives) Freedom Summer Personal Notes….………………….217 F (SNCC Archives) John Lewis’s Intimidation Letter……………………….221 G (SNCC Archives) Peace Corps Western Union.…………………………….222 H (SNCC Archives) Western Campus Instruction Photos………………….223 I (Sites of Historical Archival Data Collection)……………………………….224 vii Dedication In loving memory of my mother, Joan A. Gilliam This one’s for you mama, this one’s for you. Your encouragement and love has remained in my heart and has been the source of inspiration in making this dissertation possible. viii Acknowledgement No person is an island, no person stands alone. Each one is his brother and sister. Each one is his or her
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Freedomways Magazine, Black Leftists, and Continuities in the Freedom Movement
    Bearing the Seeds of Struggle: Freedomways Magazine, Black Leftists, and Continuities in the Freedom Movement Ian Rocksborough-Smith BA, Simon Fraser University, 2003 THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS In the Department of History O Ian Rocksborough-Smith 2005 SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY Summer 2005 All rights reserved. This work may not be reproduced in whole or in part, by photocopy or other means, without permission of the author. APPROVAL Name: Ian Rocksborough-Smith Degree: Masters of Arts Title of Thesis: Bearing the Seeds of Struggle: Freedomways Magazine, Black Leftists, and Continuities in the Freedom Movement Examining Committee: Chair: Dr. John Stubbs ProfessorIDepartment of History Dr. Karen Ferguson Senior Supervisor Associate ProfessorIDepartment of History Dr. Mark Leier Supervisor Associate ProfessorIDepartment of History Dr. David Chariandy External ExaminerISimon Fraser University Assistant ProfessorIDepartment of English Date DefendedlApproved: Z.7; E0oS SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY PARTIAL COPYRIGHT LICENCE The author, whose copyright is declared on the title page of this work, has granted to Simon Fraser University the right to lend this thesis, project or extended essay to users of the Simon Fraser University Library, and to make partial or single copies only for such users or in response to a request from the library of any other university, or other educational institution, on its own behalf or for one of its users. The author has further granted permission to Simon Fraser University to keep or make a digital copy for use in its circulating collection. The author has further agreed that permission for multiple copying of this work for scholarly purposes may be granted by either the author or the Dean of Graduate Studies.
    [Show full text]
  • Remembering the Struggle for Civil Rights – the Greenwood Sites
    rallied a crowd of workers set up shop in a building that stood Union Grove M.B. Church protestors in this park on this site. By 1963, local participation in 615 Saint Charles Street with shouts of “We Civil Rights activities was growing, accel- Union Grove was the first Baptist church in want black power!” erated by the supervisors’ decision to halt Greenwood to open its doors to Civil Rights Change Began Here Greenwood was the commodity distribution. The Congress of activities when it participated in the 1963 midpoint of James Racial Equality (CORE), Council of Federated Primary Election Freedom Vote. Comedian GREENWOOD AND LEFLORE COUNTY, MISSISSIPPI Meredith’s “March Organizations (COFO), Southern Christian and activist Dick Gregory spoke at the church Against Fear” from Memphis to Jackson. in the spring of that year as part of his cam- Carmichael and two other marchers had paign to provide food and clothing to those been arrested for pitching tents on a school left in need after Leflore County Supervisors Birth of a Movement campus. By the time they were bailed out, discontinued federal commodities distribution. “In the meetings everything--- more than 600 marchers and local people uncertainty, fear, even desperation--- had gathered in the park, and Carmichael St. Francis Center finds expression, and there is comfort seized the moment to voice the “black 709 Avenue I power” slogan, which fellow SNCC worker This Catholic Church structure served as a and sustenance in talkin‘ ‘bout it.” Willie Ricks had originated. hospital for blacks and a food distribution – Michael Thelwell, SNCC Organizer center in the years before the Civil Rights First SNCC Office Movement.
    [Show full text]
  • A Chronology of the Civil Ríg,Hts Movement in the Deep South, 1955-68
    A Chronology of the Civil Ríg,hts Movement in the Deep South, 1955-68 THE MONTGOMERY December l, 1955-Mrs. Rosa L. Parks is BUS BOYCOTT arrested for violating the bus-segregation ordinance in Montgomery, Alabama. December 5, 1955-The Montgomery Bus Boycott begins, and Rev. Martin.Luther King, Jr., 26, is elected president of the Montgomery Improvement Association. December 21, lgsG-Montgomery's buses are integrated, and the Montgomery Im- provement Association calls off its boy- cott after 381 days. January l0-l l, 1957-The Southern Chris- tian Leadership Conference (SCLC) is founded, with Dr. King as president. THE STUDENT February l, 1960-Four black students sit SIT-INS in at the Woolworth's lunch counter in Greensboro, N.C., starting a wavg of stu- dent protest that sweeps the Deep South. April 15, 1960-The Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) is found- ed at Shaw University in Raleigh, N.C. October l9¿7, 1960-Dr. King is jailed during a sit-in at Rich's Department Store in Atlanta and subsequently transferred to a maximum security prison' Democratic presidential nominee John F. Kennedy telephones Mrs. King to express his con- cern dogs, fire hoses, and mass arrests that fill the jails. THE FREEDOM May 4,1961-The Freedom Riders, led by RIDES James Farmer of the Congress of Racial May 10, 1963-Dr. King and Rev. Fred L. Equality (CORE), leave Washington, Shuttlesworth announce that Birming- D.C., by bus. ham's white leaders have agreed to a de- segregation plan. That night King's motel May 14,196l-A white mob burns a Free- is bombed, and blacks riot until dawn.
    [Show full text]
  • Lf%J I Freedomways Reader
    lf%J i Freedomways Reader Prophets in Country i edited by Esther Cooper Jackson K1NSSO ConStanCe PM> I Assistant Editor f^S^l ^ v^r II ^-^S A Member of the Perseus Books Group -\ ' Contents List of Photos xv Foreword, Julian Bond xvii Introduction, Esther Cooper Jackson xix Part I Origins of Freedomways J. H. O'Dell, 1 1 Behold the Land, No. 1, 1964, W.E.B. Du Bois 6 2 The Battleground Is Here, No. 1, 1971, Paul Robeson 12 3 Southern Youth's Proud Heritage, No. 1, 1964, Augusta Strong 16 4 Memoirs of a Birmingham Coal Miner, No. 1, 1964, Henry O. May field 21 5 "Not New Ground, but Rights Once Dearly Won," No. 1, 1962, Louis E. Burnham 26 6 Honoring Dr. Du Bois, No. 2, 1968, Martin Luther King Jr. 31 7 Ode to Paul Robeson, No. 1, 1976, Pablo Neruda 40 CONTENTS Part 2, Reports from the Front Lines: Segregation in the South /. H. O'Dell, 47 8 The United States and the Negro, No. 1, 1961, W.E.B. Du Bois 50 9 A Freedom Rider Speaks His Mind, No. 2, 1961, Jimmy McDonald 59 10 What Price Prejudice? On the Economics of Discrimination, No. 3, 1962, Whitney M. Young Jr. 65 11 The Southern Youth Movement, No. 3, 1962, Julian Bond 69 12 Nonviolence: An Interpretation, No. 2, 1963, Julian Bond 71 13 Lorraine Hansberry at the Summit, No. 4, 1979, James Baldwin 77 14 "We're Moving!" No. 1, 1971, Paul Robeson 82 15 Birmingham Shall Be Free Some Day, No.
    [Show full text]
  • Freedom Summer
    MISSISSIPPI BURNING THE FREEDOM SUMMER OF 1964 Prepared by Glenn Oney For Teaching American History The Situation • According to the Census, 45% of Mississippi's population is Black, but in 1964 less than 5% of Blacks are registered to vote state-wide. • In the rural counties where Blacks are a majority — or even a significant minority — of the population, Black registration is virtually nil. The Situation • For example, in some of the counties where there are Freedom Summer projects (main project town shown in parenthesis): Whites Blacks County (Town) Number Eligible Number Voters Percentage Number Eligible Number Voters Percentage Coahoma (Clarksdale) 5338 4030 73% 14004 1061 8% Holmes (Tchula) 4773 3530 74% 8757 8 - Le Flore (Greenwood) 10274 7168 70% 13567 268 2% Marshall (Holly Spgs) 4342 4162 96% 7168 57 1% Panola (Batesville) 7369 5309 69% 7250 2 - Tallahatchie (Charleston) 5099 4330 85% 6438 5 - Pike (McComb) 12163 7864 65% 6936 150 - Source: 1964 MFDP report derived from court cases and Federal reports. The Situation • To maintain segregation and deny Blacks their citizenship rights — and to continue reaping the economic benefits of racial exploitation — the white power structure has turned Mississippi into a "closed society" ruled by fear from the top down. • Rather than mechanize as other Southern states have done, much of Mississippi agriculture continues to rely on cheap Black labor. • But with the rise of the Freedom Movement, the White Citizens Council is now urging plantation owners to replace Black sharecroppers and farm hands with machines. • This is a deliberate strategy to force Blacks out of the state before they can achieve any share of political power.
    [Show full text]
  • N12 Fullversion April2017.Pdf
    Fabio G. Nigra Secretaria de Redacción: Valeria L. Carbone Comité Editorial: Aimé Olguin Ana Lojo Bárbara Gudaitis Darío Martini Gabriel Matelo Leandro della Mora Leandro Morgenfeld Leonardo Patacini Malena López Palmero Mariana Mastrángelo Mariana Piccinelli Martha de Cuntho Valeria L. Carbone Comité Académico: Carmen Manuel, Universidad de Valencia (España) María Graciela Abarca, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA) Margara Averbach, Universidad de Buenos Aires (Arg.) Michael Hannahan, University of Massachussetts (USA). Norberto Barreto, Universidad del Pacífico (Perú) Jorge Hernández Martínez, Centro de Estudios Hemisféricos y sobre Estados Unidos de la Universidad de La Habana (Cuba) “Trump y el mundo actual” Graciela Iuorno, Universidad Nacional del Comahue (Arg.) #12 / Abril 2017 Robson Laverdi, Universidade Estadual Do Paraná huellasdeeua.com.ar ISSN 1853-6506 (Brasil) Marcos Fábio Freire Montysuma, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (Brasil) Pablo Pozzi, Universidad de Buenos Aires (Arg.) Marc Stern, Bentley University (USA) TABLA DE CONTENIDOS 9. Ezequiel Gatto Élites, Divas y Mineros. El soul y la visualidad de las diferencias de clase ARTICULOS intrarraciales en la población afroamericana. Estados Unidos, 1955-1975 .................................... 125 Contenido 10. Martha de Cunto La memoria en Beloved de Toni Morrison .............................................................. 151 Editorial ¿Se viene la guerra? ................................... 2 12. Martin Luther King, Jr Todos los trabajos tienen dignidad ........................................................... 166 TRUMP Y EL MUNDO ACTUAL ................................ 6 13. Neil McMillen & Fannie Lou Hamer 1. Dale Leonard Johnson The New Face of Testimonio oral de Fannie Lou Hamer, entrevista Fascism in Ameri卐a, Incorporated ......................... 7 conducida por el Dr. Neil McMillen ..................... 172 2. Tom Engelhardt Resucitando a mis padres de 14. Mark Auslander Las huellas de la entre los muertos para las elecciones de 2016 .
    [Show full text]
  • The Black Power Movement
    A Guide to the Microfilm Edition of BLACK STUDIES RESEARCH SOURCES Microfilms from Major Archival and Manuscript Collections General Editors: John H. Bracey, Jr. and Sharon Harley The Black Power Movement Part 1: Amiri Baraka from Black Arts to Black Radicalism Editorial Adviser Komozi Woodard Project Coordinator Randolph H. Boehm Guide compiled by Daniel Lewis A microfilm project of UNIVERSITY PUBLICATIONS OF AMERICA An Imprint of CIS 4520 East-West Highway • Bethesda, MD 20814-3389 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data The Black power movement. Part 1, Amiri Baraka from Black arts to Black radicalism [microform] / editorial adviser, Komozi Woodard; project coordinator, Randolph H. Boehm. p. cm.—(Black studies research sources) Accompanied by a printed guide, compiled by Daniel Lewis, entitled: A guide to the microfilm edition of the Black power movement. ISBN 1-55655-834-1 1. Afro-Americans—Civil rights—History—20th century—Sources. 2. Black power—United States—History—Sources. 3. Black nationalism—United States— History—20th century—Sources. 4. Baraka, Imamu Amiri, 1934– —Archives. I. Woodard, Komozi. II. Boehm, Randolph. III. Lewis, Daniel, 1972– . Guide to the microfilm edition of the Black power movement. IV. Title: Amiri Baraka from black arts to Black radicalism. V. Series. E185.615 323.1'196073'09045—dc21 00-068556 CIP Copyright © 2001 by University Publications of America. All rights reserved. ISBN 1-55655-834-1. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction ............................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Armed with Art
    Armed with Art By Alice Lovelace, Poet, Playwright and Organizer for Social and Economic Justice, Key Note Speech Delivered at the 2010 Doctors for Global Health (DGH) General Assembly All the earth is sacred ground I call upon the ancestors to enter this space To bear witness to the work to come I call upon the ancestors for their blessings and for permission to move forward In the tradition of the Dagara, I offer the gifts of water and ash I offer water so our journey over the next several days will be without conflict, smooth and flowing like this liquid I offer ashes and ask the ancestors to make of them a shield to protect us In the tradition of the Yoruba I call the names of my ancestors Claudia, William, Daisy, Elvira, Willie…I ask them to inform other ancestors for whom I have no names so they may offer me their blessings Now you must call upon your ancestors, call their names so they will know we are the ones who remember our dead, who learn from our dead, who know we are nothing without the ancestors. Ashe Ashe Ashe O In the beginning was the word And the word was power And the word was protection And with the words came the questions Who are we? Why are we here? Who brings the birds, the insects seen unseen To our earthly doorstep In the end is the word And the word is power And the word is protection www.dghonline.org 1 I want to thank Lanny Smith and everyone at Doctors for Global Health responsible for me being here today.
    [Show full text]
  • THE POLITICAL THOUGHT of the THIRD WORLD LEFT in POST-WAR AMERICA a Dissertation Submitted
    LIBERATION FROM THE AFFLUENT SOCIETY: THE POLITICAL THOUGHT OF THE THIRD WORLD LEFT IN POST-WAR AMERICA A Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences of Georgetown University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History By Benjamin Feldman, M.A. Washington, DC August 6, 2020 Copyright 2020 by Benjamin Feldman All Rights Reserved ii LIBERATION FROM THE AFFLUENT SOCIETY: THE POLITICAL THOUGHT OF THE THIRD WORLD LEFT IN POST-WAR AMERICA Benjamin Feldman, M.A. Thesis Advisor: Michael Kazin, Ph.D. ABSTRACT This dissertation traces the full intellectual history of the Third World Turn: when theorists and activists in the United States began to look to liberation movements within the colonized and formerly colonized nations of the ‘Third World’ in search of models for political, social, and cultural transformation. I argue that, understood as a critique of the limits of New Deal liberalism rather than just as an offshoot of New Left radicalism, Third Worldism must be placed at the center of the history of the post-war American Left. Rooting the Third World Turn in the work of theorists active in the 1940s, including the economists Paul Sweezy and Paul Baran, the writer Harold Cruse, and the Detroit organizers James and Grace Lee Boggs, my work moves beyond simple binaries of violence vs. non-violence, revolution vs. reform, and utopianism vs. realism, while throwing the political development of groups like the Black Panthers, the Young Lords, the League of Revolutionary Black Workers, and the Third World Women’s Alliance into sharper relief.
    [Show full text]
  • Participant Biographies
    Participant Biographies ADETOLA ABIADE the recently completed Denver International Airport and Traces of the Trade the Central American Resource and Education Center. [email protected] Farhad also works closely with Baca’s UCLA class Adetola Abiade is a native of Providence, RI. Adetola has entitled “Beyond the Mexican Mural.” recently been named dialogue coordinator for the film initiative titled Trace of the Trade. Adetola has over 8 MICHIKO AKIBA years of professional experience including 1 0f 13 Managing Director, Hoshinofurusato Foundation selected from 2000 into the highly competitive [email protected] Management. program for Chase Manhattan Bank NY. Since November 2002, Michiko Akiba has been the Adetola also worked as a project manager deveolping managing director of Hoshinofurusato Foundation, an high level trading systems and managed change organization which manages several cultural and management initiatives at State Street Bank Boston. The recreational facilities in Hoshino Village, Fukuoka last three years were spent empowering women to prefecture, in Japan. Ms. Akiba graduated from become economically self-suffivient and prosperous Hitotsubashi University with a degree in economics and through entrepreneurship in RI and MA serving over has held positions in fields including sales promotion, 1000 small businesses. Adetola graduated with a B.S. in music, cultural journalism, and magazine marketing. She is Marketing/Sociology/English from Providence College in a graduate student of Kinki University and has studied 1995. Adetola is also certfied in Organizational Behavior public art and community arts in the United States. PARTICIPANTS Training from Brown University, Mediation, and serves as Rhode Island Small Business Development Ctr. KAREN ALDRIDGE-EASON Consultant.
    [Show full text]
  • “A Dream Deferred”: the Southern Negro Youth Congress, the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, and the Politics of Historical Memory
    “A DREAM DEFERRED”: THE SOUTHERN NEGRO YOUTH CONGRESS, THE STUDENT NONVIOLENT COORDINATING COMMITTEE, AND THE POLITICS OF HISTORICAL MEMORY “WHAT HAPPENS TO A DREAM DEFERRED?” —LANGSTON HUGHES When the inimitable W. E. B. Du Bois stepped to the podium in Columbia, South Carolina’s Township Auditorium late that Saturday afternoon, October 20,1946, he proudly peered out over an enthusiastic crowd. A loud speaker carried his long-awaited message to those eager to hear him yet unable to get in; the overflow had gladly assembled on the lawn outside the auditorium. On the occasion of its Seventh Annual Southern Youth Legislature, the Southern Negro Youth Congress (SNYC) was delighted to be honoring Du Bois: “the senior statesman of the American Negro’s liberation struggle, the noble and peerless patriarch of our steady climb out of slavery’s darkness into the light of full freedom.”1 Before an audience of over 2,000, Du Bois spoke prophetically of a future black freedom movement coming out of the South led by the region’s black youth, a movement that he hoped would transform the South, the nation, indeed the world. “The future of American Negroes is in the South,” Du Bois proclaimed. “I trust then that an organization like yours is going to regard the South as the battle-ground of a great crusade…. This is the firing line not simply for the emancipation of the African Negro and the Negroes of the West Indies; for the emancipation of the colored races ….” Du Bois’ stirring message ignited applause from the audience, which took his message to heart.
    [Show full text]
  • Left of Karl Marx : the Political Life of Black Communist Claudia Jones / Carole Boyce Davies
    T H E POLI T I C A L L I F E O F B L A C K C OMMUNIS T LEFT O F K A R L M A R X C L A U D I A JONES Carole Boyce Davies LEFT OF KARL MARX THE POLITICAL LIFE OF BLACK LEFT OF KARL MARX COMMUNIST CLAUDIA JONES Carole Boyce Davies Duke University Press Durham and London 2007 ∫ 2008 Duke University Press All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper $ Designed by Heather Hensley Typeset in Adobe Janson by Keystone Typesetting, Inc. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data appear on the last printed page of this book. CONTENTS Acknowledgments vii Preface xiii Chronology xxiii Introduction. Recovering the Radical Black Female Subject: Anti-Imperialism, Feminism, and Activism 1 1. Women’s Rights/Workers’ Rights/Anti-Imperialism: Challenging the Superexploitation of Black Working-Class Women 29 2. From ‘‘Half the World’’ to the Whole World: Journalism as Black Transnational Political Practice 69 3. Prison Blues: Literary Activism and a Poetry of Resistance 99 4. Deportation: The Other Politics of Diaspora, or ‘‘What is an ocean between us? We know how to build bridges.’’ 131 5. Carnival and Diaspora: Caribbean Community, Happiness, and Activism 167 6. Piece Work/Peace Work: Self-Construction versus State Repression 191 Notes 239 Bibliography 275 Index 295 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS his project owes everything to the spiritual guidance of Claudia Jones Therself with signs too many to identify. At every step of the way, she made her presence felt in ways so remarkable that only conversations with friends who understand the blurring that exists between the worlds which we inhabit could appreciate.
    [Show full text]