DOCSLIB.ORG

2012 Regional Environmental Security Conference

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Finished size: 9” x 13”, fold to 9”x6”, full bleed [This page left intentionally blank.] - 1 - [This page left intentionally blank.] - 2 - - 3 - [This page left intentionally blank.] - 4 - ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The U.S. Pacific Command would like to acknowledge the following team members that supported the successful execution of the 2012 Regional Environmental Security Conference. United States of America 1. Mr. Christopher Sholes, Environmental Program Manager, USPACOM J4 2. Col Raymond Tsui, USPACOM J4, Theater Contingency Engineering Management 3. Lt Col Kevin Thomas, USPACOM J4, Theater Contingency Engineering Management 4. LCDR Christopher M. Giacomaro, Chief, Navy Programs, Office of Defense Cooperation, U.S. Embassy - Jakarta 5. LN1 Gabriela Guerrero, USPACOM J4, Theater Contingency Engineering Management 6. Mr. Justin Pummell, Geographer, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Institute for Water Resources 7. Ms. Dely Tjahjana, Navy Programs Support Specialist, Office of Defense Cooperation, U.S. Embassy - Jakarta Republic of Indonesia 1. Mr. Rasio Ridho Sani, Director, Bureau for Planning and International Cooperation, Ministry of Environment, Republic of Indonesia 2. Ms. Gracia Paramitha, Environmental Specialist, Bureau for Planning and International Cooperation, Ministry of Environment, Republic of Indonesia - 5 - [This page left intentionally blank.] - 6 - TABLE OF CONTENTS Foreword ……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 11 Executive Summary Event Dates ………………………………………………………………………………….. 13 Event Location ……………………………………………………………………………… 13 Background ………………………………………………………………………………….. 13 Mission ………………………………………………………………………………………… 14 Purpose ……………………………………………………………………………………….. 15 Vision …………………………………………………………………………………………… 15 Daily Summary Day 1 (02 April 2012) ……………………………………………………. 15 Day 2 (03 April 2012) ……………………………………………………. 17 Day 3 (04 April 2012) ……………………………………………………. 19 Day 4 (05 April 2012) ……………………………………………………. 21 Participant Evaluation Summary ………………………………………………….. 22 Work Group Evaluation Summary ………………………………………………… 25 Conference Agenda Day 1 (02 April 2012) ……………………………………………………………………. 31 Day 2 (03 April 2012) ……………………………………………………………………. 32 Day 3 (04 April 2012) ……………………………………………………………………. 32 Day 4 (05 April 2012) ……………………………………………………………………. 33 Participants Australia ………………………………………………………………………………………. 37 Cambodia …………………………………………………………………………………….. 37 China ……………………………………………………………………………………………. 38 Indonesia ……………………………………………………………………………………… 38 Laos ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 43 Malaysia ………………………………………………………………………………………. 43 Myanmar ……………………………………………………………………………………… 44 Philippines …………………………………………………………………………………….44 Singapore …………………………………………………………………………………….. 45 Timor L’este …………………………………………………………………………………. 45 - 7 - Participants (Continued) United States ……………………………………………………………………………….. 45 Vietnam ……………………………………………………………………………………….. 47 Other …………………………………………………………………………………………… 47 Presentation Summary 02 April 2012 – Day 1 Opening Ceremony Mr. Joshua Cartin, U.S. Mission to ASEAN …………………….. 51 H.E. Dr. Balthasar Kambuaya, Republic of Indonesia …….. 54 Keynote Address H.E. Prof Juwono Sudarsono, Republic of Indonesia ……… 59 Future Trends Dr. Mozaharul Alam, United Nations Environmental Programme …………………………………………………………………… 60 Lunch Alfred Nakatsuma, U.S. Agency for International Development ………………………………………………………………… 64 Future Trends (continued) Mr. NSMI Arambepola, Asian Disaster Preparedness Center …………………………………………………………………………… 68 Mr. Michael Sheinkman, World Food Programme ………… 73 Ms. Adelina Kamal, ASEAN Secretariat …………………………. 76 Panel Session ……………………………………………………………………….. 82 03 April 2012 – Day 2 AHA Centre Mr. Said Faisal, ASEAN Humanitarian Assistance Centre …………………………………………………………………………… 86 Lunch Col Francis Ng, Singapore Civil Defense Forces ……………… 88 04 April 2012 – Day 3 Environmental Security Perspectives Mr. Christopher Sholes, U.S. Pacific Command …………….. 92 Col Judijanto, Tentara Nasional Indonesia, Republic of Indonesia ……………………………………………………………………… 94 - 8 - Presentation Summary (continued) Lunch Dr. Tantono Subaygo, Syngenta ……………………………………. 95 05 April 2012 – Day 4 Lunch Mr. Medi Herlianto, BNPB, Republic of Indonesia …………. 98 Problem-Solving Session Summary Problem-Solving Session Topics …………………………………………………… 105 Problem-Solving Session Questions ……………………………………………… 108 Practical Exercise Summary Exercise Delivery ………………………………………………………………………….. 111 Exercise Scenario …………………………………………………………………………. 114 Injection 2 ……………………………………………………………………………………. 118 Injection 3 ……………………………………………………………………………………. 119 Injection 4 ……………………………………………………………………………………. 120 Injection 5 ……………………………………………………………………………………. 121 Injection 6 ……………………………………………………………………………………. 122 Injection 7 ……………………………………………………………………………………. 123 Injection 8 ……………………………………………………………………………………. 124 Injection 9 ……………………………………………………………………………………. 125 Injection 10 ………………………………………………………………………………….. 126 - 9 - [This page left intentionally blank.] - 10 - FOREWORD It was my great privilege to participate in the Regional Environmental Security Conference hosted by Indonesia in Jakarta during the week of April 2, 2012. The Indonesians were gracious hosts to more than 135 participants of twelve countries concerned for the regional effects on environmental security. Environmental security can be defined as the abundance or scarcity of environmental resources and/or environmental degradation that can critically impact theater security. Water scarcity and climate change are primary drivers of environmental security. Periodic drought can result in mass migration of people in search of water and food. Flooding periodically displaces others and causes damage to roads, bridges and other critical infrastructure. Poor water quality and sanitation cause outbreaks of cholera and other water-borne diseases. Climate change is a stressor of many environmental conditions and will likely exacerbate environmental security issues in the coming decades. Energy, ecologic, and mineral resources are other important components of environmental security in the Pacific region. Over the course of the conference, five major environmental security topics were explored. These topics included pollution, global warming, deforestation, overfishing and water supply. These discussions were among representatives not only from the regional militaries, but also members from national disaster management agencies and ministries of environment and foreign affairs. NGO’s contributed to the meetings from United Nations organizations and other concerned regional groups. ASEAN also presented their efforts in the area to assist member states in disaster response efforts. Having participated in the work groups and listened to the subject matter experts, I found the entire experience enlightening and most encouraging for regional cooperation in these matters. Environmental security is critical to sustaining peace, awareness, and protection for people and places throughout the Pacific region. It is my fervent hope that the findings and opportunities identified in this document will help contribute to environmental security considerations and measures throughout the Pacific and bring further awareness of the importance of protecting our water, land, and resources for generations to come. - 11 - [This page left intentionally blank.] - 12 - EXECUTIVE SUMMARY SUBJECT: Executive Summary, Regional Environmental Security Conference, Jakarta, Indonesia, 2-5 April 2012 In partnership with USPACOM J4 and the Indonesia Ministry of Environment, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) Institute for Water Resources (IWR) helped design and produce the Southeast Asia Regional Environmental Security Conference in Jakarta, Indonesia from 2-5 April. The event involved over 135 participants from 12 countries from the region. ASEAN, UN-OCHA, UNEP, WFP, and other United Nation organizations were also present. The conference featured speakers briefing on trends for future environmental and disaster management scenarios, problem-solving sessions on regional environmental issues, and a practical environmental disaster response exercise. You can learn more about the conference at http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2012/04/03/us-asean-cooperate- environment.html or http://jakarta.usembassy.gov/news/pr_04092012.html. 1. EVENT DATES: 2-5 April 2012 2. EVENT LOCATION: Jakarta, Indonesia 3. BACKGROUND: As a result of the Republic of Indonesia’s expressed interest following the March 2011 Pacific Environmental Security Conference (PESC), USPACOM J4 developed a Regional Environmental Security Conference (RESC) for Southeast Asia in partnership with Indonesia’s Ministry of Environment (KLH). The proposal focused upon disaster-related problem-solving activities that culminated with a comprehensive practical exercise to explore regional and international emergency-preparedness and response capacity. The activity focused on a large- scale regional event that originated from a disaster occurring in Southeast Asia with significant environmental impact. The event was developed to allow Indonesia, USPACOM, Southeast Asian nations, international organizations, and the ASEAN Secretariat (ASEC) to meet face-to-face, further relationships, exercise international and national emergency response plans, leverage Subject Matter Experts (SME), and promote the founding correlating principles of the ASEAN Charter. These principles include, “to respond effectively, in accordance with the - 13 - principle of comprehensive security, to all forms of threats, transnational
Recommended publications
  • Enhancing Sustainable Development of Diverse Agriculture in Indonesia” As a Result of the First Phase of the Indonesian Country Study of the Project

    Enhancing Sustainable Development of Diverse Agriculture in Indonesia” As a Result of the First Phase of the Indonesian Country Study of the Project

    Table of Contents Page List of Tables .............................................................................................................. vii List of Figures .............................................................................................................. ix List of Abbreviations ..................................................................................................... xi Foreword ....................................................................................................................... xiii Acknowledgements ...................................................................................................... xv Executive Summary ...................................................................................................... xvii 1. General Introduction 1.1 Background and justification ..................................................................... 1 1.2 Study objectives ........................................................................................ 3 1.3 Scope of the study .................................................................................... 3 2. General Conceptual Framework and Research Methods 2.1 General conceptual framework ................................................................. 5 2.2 Research methods .................................................................................... 6 3. The Demography, Economy, Agriculture and Environment of Indonesia 3.1 Demographic profiles ...............................................................................
  • Report on Biodiversity and Tropical Forests in Indonesia

    Report on Biodiversity and Tropical Forests in Indonesia

    Report on Biodiversity and Tropical Forests in Indonesia Submitted in accordance with Foreign Assistance Act Sections 118/119 February 20, 2004 Prepared for USAID/Indonesia Jl. Medan Merdeka Selatan No. 3-5 Jakarta 10110 Indonesia Prepared by Steve Rhee, M.E.Sc. Darrell Kitchener, Ph.D. Tim Brown, Ph.D. Reed Merrill, M.Sc. Russ Dilts, Ph.D. Stacey Tighe, Ph.D. Table of Contents Table of Contents............................................................................................................................. i List of Tables .................................................................................................................................. v List of Figures............................................................................................................................... vii Acronyms....................................................................................................................................... ix Executive Summary.................................................................................................................... xvii 1. Introduction............................................................................................................................1- 1 2. Legislative and Institutional Structure Affecting Biological Resources...............................2 - 1 2.1 Government of Indonesia................................................................................................2 - 2 2.1.1 Legislative Basis for Protection and Management of Biodiversity and
  • WEPA Outlook on Water Environmental Management in Asia 2012

    WEPA Outlook on Water Environmental Management in Asia 2012

    Ministry of the Environment WEPA Outlook on 2012 Water Environmental Management WEPA Outlook on Water Environmental Management in Asia 2012 Water Environment Partnership in Asia (WEPA) Ministry of the Environment, Japan Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (IGES) Outlook on Water Environmental Management in Asia 2012 Copyright © 2012 Ministry of the Environment, Japan. All rights reserved. No parts of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from Ministry of the Environment Japan through the Institute for Global Environment Strategies (IGES), which serves as the WEPA Secretariat. ISBN: 978-4-88788-108-2 This publication is made as a part of WEPA and published by the Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (IGES). Although every effort is made to ensure objectivity and balance, the publication of study results does not imply WEPA partner country’s endorsement or acquiescence with its conclusions. Ministry of the Environment, Japan 1-2-2 Kasumigaseki, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 100-8795, Japan Tel: +81-(0)3-3581-3351 http://www.env.go.jp/en/ Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (IGES) 2108-11 Kamiyamaguchi, Hayama, Kanagawa, 240-0115, Japan Tel: +81-(0)46-855-3700 http://www.iges.or.jp/ The research team for WEPA Outlook 2012 includes the following IGES members: [Drafting team] Yatsuka Kataoka, Director, Freshwater Sub-group Tetsuo Kuyama,
  • Strengthening Forest Management in Indonesia Through Land Tenure Reform

    Strengthening Forest Management in Indonesia Through Land Tenure Reform

    STRENGTHENING FOREST MANAGEMENT IN INDONESIA THROUGH LAND TENURE REFORM: ISSUES AND FRAMEWORK FOR ACTION The World Bank COLLABORATING INSTITUTIONS Forest Trends (http://www.forest -trends.org): Forest Trends is a Washington, D.C.-based nonprofit organization advocating market-based approaches to conserving forests outside of protected areas. In addition to promoting markets for some of the ecosystem services provided by forests, Forest Trends also supports markets for sustainably-produced forest products and markets that bolster the livelihoods of forest-based communities. To promote these markets, Forest Trends brings together leading agents in industry and finance with representatives from governments and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) concerned with forests. In addition, Forest Trends generates and disseminates critical World Agroforestry Centre (http://www.worldagroforestrycentre.org): The World Agroforestry Center (ICRAF), headquartered in Nairobi, Kenya, is part of the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research. ICRAF’s primary mission is to advance the science and practice of agroforesty and in doing so, transform the lives and landscapes of the rural poor in developing countries. ICRAF operates in over 20 countries throughout the tropics. ICRAF program research areas are Land and People, Trees and Markets, Environmental Services and Strengthening Institutions Policy research cross-cuts each of these programs. AUTHOR CONTACTS Dr. Arnoldo Contreras-Hermosilla ([email protected]) is a forest governance analyst
  • How Greenpeace Is Ending Deforestation in Indonesia 2003

    How Greenpeace Is Ending Deforestation in Indonesia 2003

    DOWN HOW GREENPEACE IS ENDING DEFORESTATION TO IN INDONESIA ZERO 2003–2013 AND BEYOND II DOWN TO ZERO ‘There are plenty of situations where in-your-face activism has a role. A case in point has been environmental campaigns against companies pressing into Asia’s last rain forest frontiers. A headline is sometimes enough to convey a big development, and that was the case earlier this week with this news release from Indonesia’s largest paper and pulp company: “Asia Pulp & Paper Group (APP) Commits to an Immediate Halt to All Natural Forest Clearance.” The move followed intensifying pressure from Greenpeace and other environmental groups, which had exposed destructive practices starting with a 2010 report, “Pulping the Planet”. Greenpeace and its allies applied pressure in two ways: illuminating what was happening in forest refuges for Southeast Asia’s imperiled orangutans and tigers but also identifying which paper users – brands as big as Xerox and Adidas – were contributing to the destruction. In parts of Southeast Asia, on-the-ground examination of industry practices can be dangerous work, whether done by local campaigners or journalists… There’ve been times when I’ve decried Greenpeace tactics … But in this case, I think the effort deserves a round of applause.’ Andrew Revkin, ‘Activism at Its Best: Greenpeace’s Push to Stop the Pulping of Rain Forests’, The New York Times, 8 February 2013 DOWN TO ZERO HOW GREENPEACE IS ENDING DEFORESTATION IN INDONESIA 2003–2013 AND BEYOND ©Greenpeace 2013 Published by Greenpeace South East Asia – Indonesia Printed in the UK on 100% recycled, FSC-certified paper Jl.
  • Primary Forest Cover Loss in Indonesia Over 2000–2012

    Primary Forest Cover Loss in Indonesia Over 2000–2012

    ARTICLES PUBLISHED ONLINE: 29 JUNE 2014 | DOI: 10.1038/NCLIMATE2277 Primary forest cover loss in Indonesia over 2000–2012 Belinda Arunarwati Margono1,2*, Peter V. Potapov1, Svetlana Turubanova1, Fred Stolle3 and Matthew C. Hansen1 Extensive clearing of Indonesian primary forests results in increased greenhouse gas emissions and biodiversity loss. However, there is no consensus on the areal extent and temporal trends of primary forest clearing in Indonesia. Here we report a spatially and temporally explicit quantification of Indonesian primary forest loss, which totalled over 6.02 Mha from 2000 to 2012 and increased on average by 47,600 ha per year. By 2012, annual primary forest loss in Indonesia was estimated to be higher than in Brazil (0.84 Mha and 0.46 Mha, respectively). Proportional loss of primary forests in wetland landforms increased and almost all clearing of primary forests occurred within degraded types, meaning logging preceded conversion processes. Loss within ocial forest land uses that restrict or prohibit clearing totalled 40% of all loss within national forest land. The increasing loss of Indonesian primary forests has significant implications for climate change mitigation and biodiversity conservation eorts. ropical deforestation from developing countries1, including the form of plantations or oil palm estates, resulting in a complicated Indonesia2,3, contributes to emissions of greenhouse landscape of forest cover change. The objective of the presented Tgases, principally carbon dioxide, the primary driver of study is to bring improved context to the Indonesian forest cover global warming1,3. Primary forest clearing also results in the change dynamic by quantifying the portion of gross forest cover loss loss of biodiversity due to the destruction of unique tropical that occurred within primary forests from 2000 through 2012.
  • The Case of Surabaya City

    The Case of Surabaya City

    PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTATION OF INTEGRATED SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES AT LOCAL LEVEL: THE CASE OF SURABAYA CITY May 2017 This study identified the following factors as critical for replication: Bottom up meets top down 1. INTRODUCTION approaches – city government facilitating voluntary work by After solid waste generation peaked at 2,000 tonnes per day and the closure stakeholders of one of city’s landfills led to waste being piled on the streets, the City of Surabaya started implementing community based solid waste management. Capacity building – all This started as an initial partnership on a community composting project stakeholders have undertaken training to improve skills and between the city, a local NGO and the City of Kitakyushu, Japan but has since increase knowledge expanded to include the development of both physical and social infrastructure such as composting centres and temporary collection stations Public-private partnership – city as well as greater local engagement through community contests and the government encourages establishment of waste banks. Due to these efforts and achievements, the investment in waste management City of Surabaya has won both national and international recognition as a facilities model for other cities to follow despite facing a number of challenges. This National level support – national case study describes the key activities carried out, major results achieved, government policies and main lessons learned and provides recommendations for future actions. guidelines have further strengthened and assisted efforts This Case Study is published by the IGES Centre Collaborating with UNEP on Environmental Technologies (CCET) with the support of the United Nations Environment Programme (UN Environment) in April 2017.
  • Burning Paradise the Oil Palm Practices of Korindo in Papua and North Maluku

    Burning Paradise the Oil Palm Practices of Korindo in Papua and North Maluku

    Burning Paradise The oil palm practices of Korindo in Papua and North Maluku Commissioned by Mighty, the Korea Federation for Environmental Movements, SKP-KAMe Merauke and PUSAKA August 2016 Photo: Pristine forest in Papua © Greenpeace / Ardiles Rante, 2008 Photo: Korindo having cleared forest for oil palm in Papua © Mighty; 4 June 2016; Latitude 6°45'43.49"S, Longitude 140°48'27.70"E; Credit: Yudhi Mahendra 2 Colophon Aidenvironment report: Burning Paradise: The oil palm practices of Korindo in Papua and North Maluku Commissioned by: Mighty, the Korea Federation for Environmental Movements, SKP-KAMe Merauke and PUSAKA Date: August 2016 Mighty: Address: 2000 M St NW #720, Washington, DC 20036, United States. E-mail: [email protected] Cover photo: Smoke rising from burning wood rows in Korindo’s PT Berkat Cipta Abadi concession ©Ardiles Rante/Greenpeace; 26 March 2013 Aidenvironment Jalan Burangrang No. 18 Bogor 16153, West Java, Indonesia +62 (0) 251 837 1219 E-mail: [email protected] www.aidenvironment.org Aidenvironment is part of Stichting AERA, registered at the Chamber of Commerce of Amsterdam in the Netherlands, number 41208024 3 Burning paradise: The oil palm practices of Korindo in Papua and North Maluku Executive summary 5 Foreword 7 1. Korindo’s oil palm businesses 9 1.1 Plantations 9 1.2 Introduction to Papua 11 1.3 Introduction to South Halmahera 12 2. Practices and sustainability commitments 13 2.1 Practice: extensive deforestation 13 2.2 Practice: systematic use of fire to clear land 15 2.3 Practice: denial of community rights 18 2.4 Forests at risk of being cleared 20 2.5 Commitments 21 3.
  • 103486 Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized

    103486 Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized

    103486 Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized STRENGTHENING FOREST MANAGEMENT IN INDONESIA THROUGH LAND TENURE Public Disclosure Authorized REFORM: ISSUES AND FRAMEWORK FOR ACTION Public Disclosure Authorized The World Bank COLLABORATING INSTITUTIONS Forest Trends (http://www.forest -trends.org): Forest Trends is a Washington, D.C.-based nonprofit organization advocating market-based approaches to conserving forests outside of protected areas. In addition to promoting markets for some of the ecosystem services provided by forests, Forest Trends also supports markets for sustainably-produced forest products and markets that bolster the livelihoods of forest-based communities. To promote these markets, Forest Trends brings together leading agents in industry and finance with representatives from governments and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) concerned with forests. In addition, Forest Trends generates and disseminates critical World Agroforestry Centre (http://www.worldagroforestrycentre.org): The World Agroforestry Center (ICRAF), headquartered in Nairobi, Kenya, is part of the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research. ICRAF’s primary mission is to advance the science and practice of agroforesty and in doing so, transform the lives and landscapes of the rural poor in developing countries. ICRAF operates in over 20 countries throughout the tropics. ICRAF program research areas are Land and People, Trees and Markets, Environmental Services and Strengthening Institutions Policy research cross-cuts
  • Cbd.Int Website

    Cbd.Int Website

    The Convention on Biological Diversity Year in Review 2009 The Convention on Biological Diversity YEAR IN REVIEW 2009 Published by the Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity ISBN: 92-9225-124-4 Copyright © 2010, Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The views reported in this publication do not necessarily represent those of the Convention on Biological Diversity. This publication may be reproduced for educational or non-profi t purposes without special permission from the copyright holders, provided acknowledgement of the source is made. The Secretariat of the Convention would appreciate receiving a copy of any publications that use this document as a source. Citation: Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity (2010). Year in Review 2009. Montreal, 42 pages. For further information, please contact: Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity World Trade Centre 413 St. Jacques Street, Suite 800 Montreal, Quebec, Canada H2Y 1N9 Phone: 1 (514) 288 2220 Fax: 1 (514) 288 6588 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.cbd.int The Convention on Biological Diversity: Year in Review 2009 was edited, researched and compiled by Johan Hedlund, CBD Secretariat Design & typesetting: Em Dash Design Cover Photo: Australasian gannet colony, Hawkes Bay area, New Zealand. Photo courtesy of the Ministry for the Environment New Zealand/Rod Morris.
  • Financing Waste Infrastructure in Indonesia

    Financing Waste Infrastructure in Indonesia

    Financing waste infrastructure in Indonesia September 2020 Commissioned by Contents Foreword 3 About this report 4 Acknowledgements 5 Executive summary 7 1. Introduction 10 1.1 The challenge of plastics 11 1.2 Green finance is a strategic solution for the region 18 1.3 Solving the global plastics pollution challenge starts in South East Asia 25 1.4 Report outline and approach 26 2. A vision for Indonesia: plastic is a resource 27 2.1 Scale of the challenge and costs of mismanaged waste 28 2.2 Building on Indonesia’s strengths 30 2.3 Indonesia’s investment landscape 38 2.4 Waste is a resource: unlocking economic opportunities 44 3. Plastic production, management and financing 54 3.1 Understanding the waste journey 55 3.2 Containment and collection 58 3.3 Sorting 62 3.4 Recycling 66 3.5 Waste to Energy 72 3.6 Landfills 75 3.7 Dumping, leakage and plastic pollution 77 3.8 Downstream markets for recycled plastics 78 4. Key challenges and solutions 83 Theme 1: Building capability to plan for and manage waste 86 Theme 2: Developing supportive frameworks for attracting investments 91 Theme 3: Connecting supply chains 92 Theme 4: Expanding end markets 96 A note on currency risk 98 Recommendations for phase 2 99 Disclaimer 101 Contacts 103 Page 3 As countries around the world start to emerge from COVID- Foreword 19-induced lockdown, investors and governments are radically reappraising their aspirations and assumptions for 2020 and beyond. Charting a pathway to recovery will be challenging. Yet our shared goal of building back better is creating a unique opportunity to align investor action with government-led policy direction.

  • FDI, Income, and Environmental Pollution in Indonesia

    International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy ISSN: 2146-4553 available at http: www.econjournals.com International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 2020, 10(6), 383-389. FDI, Income, and Environmental Pollution in Indonesia Ahmad Alim Bachri, Ellyn Normelani* Universitas Lambung Mangkurat, Jl. H. Hasan Basry, Banjarmasin, Indonesia. *Email: [email protected] Received: 22 June 2020 Accepted: 18 September 2020 DOI: https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.10537 ABSTRACT The research aimed to evaluate the association of disposable income and environmental pollution on the investments measured using Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). The research was specific to the Indonesian economy. The research was secondary quantitative and the data was accumulated from World Bank. The time frame considered for this study ranged from 1960 to 2018. For statistical analysis, descriptive statistics, stationarity testing, ARDL assessment and Granger Causality have been used. The results unveiled that both disposable income and environmental pollution are found to have significant effect on the FDI of Indonesia. Therefore, both the proposed hypotheses have been accepted. The research is limited to Indonesia and no other country has been evaluated. Therefore, in future more countries can be considered for comparative analysis. In furtherance, more factors can be considered in future that affect Indonesian FDI. Keywords: Disposable Income, Environmental Pollution, FDI, Indonesia JEL Classifications: D00, Q50, E221 1. INTRODUCTION This issue has been paid more attention at both micro and macro levels. From the macro perspective, there have been Amongst countries in the developing world, Indonesia is one of the some concerns with regards to the governmental policies and countries in ASEAN-5 nations having a significant share of FDI the international community (Gultom et al., 2020).