Finished size: 9” x 13”, fold to 9”x6”, full bleed [This page left intentionally blank.] - 1 - [This page left intentionally blank.] - 2 - - 3 - [This page left intentionally blank.] - 4 - ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The U.S. Pacific Command would like to acknowledge the following team members that supported the successful execution of the 2012 Regional Environmental Security Conference. United States of America 1. Mr. Christopher Sholes, Environmental Program Manager, USPACOM J4 2. Col Raymond Tsui, USPACOM J4, Theater Contingency Engineering Management 3. Lt Col Kevin Thomas, USPACOM J4, Theater Contingency Engineering Management 4. LCDR Christopher M. Giacomaro, Chief, Navy Programs, Office of Defense Cooperation, U.S. Embassy - Jakarta 5. LN1 Gabriela Guerrero, USPACOM J4, Theater Contingency Engineering Management 6. Mr. Justin Pummell, Geographer, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Institute for Water Resources 7. Ms. Dely Tjahjana, Navy Programs Support Specialist, Office of Defense Cooperation, U.S. Embassy - Jakarta Republic of Indonesia 1. Mr. Rasio Ridho Sani, Director, Bureau for Planning and International Cooperation, Ministry of Environment, Republic of Indonesia 2. Ms. Gracia Paramitha, Environmental Specialist, Bureau for Planning and International Cooperation, Ministry of Environment, Republic of Indonesia - 5 - [This page left intentionally blank.] - 6 - TABLE OF CONTENTS Foreword ……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 11 Executive Summary Event Dates ………………………………………………………………………………….. 13 Event Location ……………………………………………………………………………… 13 Background ………………………………………………………………………………….. 13 Mission ………………………………………………………………………………………… 14 Purpose ……………………………………………………………………………………….. 15 Vision …………………………………………………………………………………………… 15 Daily Summary Day 1 (02 April 2012) ……………………………………………………. 15 Day 2 (03 April 2012) ……………………………………………………. 17 Day 3 (04 April 2012) ……………………………………………………. 19 Day 4 (05 April 2012) ……………………………………………………. 21 Participant Evaluation Summary ………………………………………………….. 22 Work Group Evaluation Summary ………………………………………………… 25 Conference Agenda Day 1 (02 April 2012) ……………………………………………………………………. 31 Day 2 (03 April 2012) ……………………………………………………………………. 32 Day 3 (04 April 2012) ……………………………………………………………………. 32 Day 4 (05 April 2012) ……………………………………………………………………. 33 Participants Australia ………………………………………………………………………………………. 37 Cambodia …………………………………………………………………………………….. 37 China ……………………………………………………………………………………………. 38 Indonesia ……………………………………………………………………………………… 38 Laos ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 43 Malaysia ………………………………………………………………………………………. 43 Myanmar ……………………………………………………………………………………… 44 Philippines …………………………………………………………………………………….44 Singapore …………………………………………………………………………………….. 45 Timor L’este …………………………………………………………………………………. 45 - 7 - Participants (Continued) United States ……………………………………………………………………………….. 45 Vietnam ……………………………………………………………………………………….. 47 Other …………………………………………………………………………………………… 47 Presentation Summary 02 April 2012 – Day 1 Opening Ceremony Mr. Joshua Cartin, U.S. Mission to ASEAN …………………….. 51 H.E. Dr. Balthasar Kambuaya, Republic of Indonesia …….. 54 Keynote Address H.E. Prof Juwono Sudarsono, Republic of Indonesia ……… 59 Future Trends Dr. Mozaharul Alam, United Nations Environmental Programme …………………………………………………………………… 60 Lunch Alfred Nakatsuma, U.S. Agency for International Development ………………………………………………………………… 64 Future Trends (continued) Mr. NSMI Arambepola, Asian Disaster Preparedness Center …………………………………………………………………………… 68 Mr. Michael Sheinkman, World Food Programme ………… 73 Ms. Adelina Kamal, ASEAN Secretariat …………………………. 76 Panel Session ……………………………………………………………………….. 82 03 April 2012 – Day 2 AHA Centre Mr. Said Faisal, ASEAN Humanitarian Assistance Centre …………………………………………………………………………… 86 Lunch Col Francis Ng, Singapore Civil Defense Forces ……………… 88 04 April 2012 – Day 3 Environmental Security Perspectives Mr. Christopher Sholes, U.S. Pacific Command …………….. 92 Col Judijanto, Tentara Nasional Indonesia, Republic of Indonesia ……………………………………………………………………… 94 - 8 - Presentation Summary (continued) Lunch Dr. Tantono Subaygo, Syngenta ……………………………………. 95 05 April 2012 – Day 4 Lunch Mr. Medi Herlianto, BNPB, Republic of Indonesia …………. 98 Problem-Solving Session Summary Problem-Solving Session Topics …………………………………………………… 105 Problem-Solving Session Questions ……………………………………………… 108 Practical Exercise Summary Exercise Delivery ………………………………………………………………………….. 111 Exercise Scenario …………………………………………………………………………. 114 Injection 2 ……………………………………………………………………………………. 118 Injection 3 ……………………………………………………………………………………. 119 Injection 4 ……………………………………………………………………………………. 120 Injection 5 ……………………………………………………………………………………. 121 Injection 6 ……………………………………………………………………………………. 122 Injection 7 ……………………………………………………………………………………. 123 Injection 8 ……………………………………………………………………………………. 124 Injection 9 ……………………………………………………………………………………. 125 Injection 10 ………………………………………………………………………………….. 126 - 9 - [This page left intentionally blank.] - 10 - FOREWORD It was my great privilege to participate in the Regional Environmental Security Conference hosted by Indonesia in Jakarta during the week of April 2, 2012. The Indonesians were gracious hosts to more than 135 participants of twelve countries concerned for the regional effects on environmental security. Environmental security can be defined as the abundance or scarcity of environmental resources and/or environmental degradation that can critically impact theater security. Water scarcity and climate change are primary drivers of environmental security. Periodic drought can result in mass migration of people in search of water and food. Flooding periodically displaces others and causes damage to roads, bridges and other critical infrastructure. Poor water quality and sanitation cause outbreaks of cholera and other water-borne diseases. Climate change is a stressor of many environmental conditions and will likely exacerbate environmental security issues in the coming decades. Energy, ecologic, and mineral resources are other important components of environmental security in the Pacific region. Over the course of the conference, five major environmental security topics were explored. These topics included pollution, global warming, deforestation, overfishing and water supply. These discussions were among representatives not only from the regional militaries, but also members from national disaster management agencies and ministries of environment and foreign affairs. NGO’s contributed to the meetings from United Nations organizations and other concerned regional groups. ASEAN also presented their efforts in the area to assist member states in disaster response efforts. Having participated in the work groups and listened to the subject matter experts, I found the entire experience enlightening and most encouraging for regional cooperation in these matters. Environmental security is critical to sustaining peace, awareness, and protection for people and places throughout the Pacific region. It is my fervent hope that the findings and opportunities identified in this document will help contribute to environmental security considerations and measures throughout the Pacific and bring further awareness of the importance of protecting our water, land, and resources for generations to come. - 11 - [This page left intentionally blank.] - 12 - EXECUTIVE SUMMARY SUBJECT: Executive Summary, Regional Environmental Security Conference, Jakarta, Indonesia, 2-5 April 2012 In partnership with USPACOM J4 and the Indonesia Ministry of Environment, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) Institute for Water Resources (IWR) helped design and produce the Southeast Asia Regional Environmental Security Conference in Jakarta, Indonesia from 2-5 April. The event involved over 135 participants from 12 countries from the region. ASEAN, UN-OCHA, UNEP, WFP, and other United Nation organizations were also present. The conference featured speakers briefing on trends for future environmental and disaster management scenarios, problem-solving sessions on regional environmental issues, and a practical environmental disaster response exercise. You can learn more about the conference at http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2012/04/03/us-asean-cooperate- environment.html or http://jakarta.usembassy.gov/news/pr_04092012.html. 1. EVENT DATES: 2-5 April 2012 2. EVENT LOCATION: Jakarta, Indonesia 3. BACKGROUND: As a result of the Republic of Indonesia’s expressed interest following the March 2011 Pacific Environmental Security Conference (PESC), USPACOM J4 developed a Regional Environmental Security Conference (RESC) for Southeast Asia in partnership with Indonesia’s Ministry of Environment (KLH). The proposal focused upon disaster-related problem-solving activities that culminated with a comprehensive practical exercise to explore regional and international emergency-preparedness and response capacity. The activity focused on a large- scale regional event that originated from a disaster occurring in Southeast Asia with significant environmental impact. The event was developed to allow Indonesia, USPACOM, Southeast Asian nations, international organizations, and the ASEAN Secretariat (ASEC) to meet face-to-face, further relationships, exercise international and national emergency response plans, leverage Subject Matter Experts (SME), and promote the founding correlating principles of the ASEAN Charter. These principles include, “to respond effectively, in accordance with the - 13 - principle of comprehensive security, to all forms of threats, transnational