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Advanced Entomology Training Introductions & Purpose of Training

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Advanced Entomology Training Introductions & Purpose of Training 2/25/2010 Advanced Entomology Training March 1, 2010 8:30 am to 12:30 pm Acadia Parish Extension Office Introductions & Purpose of training • Natalie Hummel • Steve Linscombe Pre-test Post-test will also be administered – best score on the post-test will win a door prize. 1 2/25/2010 Rice Growth and Development Dr. Johnny Saichuk, LSU AgCenter, Rice Research Station 8:45 to 9 am Water Drilled Seeded mesocotyl Adventitious mesocotyl root Secondary root Primary root 2 2/25/2010 adventitious root mesocotyl seminal root Adventitious roots 3 2/25/2010 Growing point, apical meristem septum node internode node Typical rice seedling 4 2/25/2010 Growing point, apical meristem septum node internode node 5 2/25/2010 nodes internodes nodes node internode Intercalary node meristem internode node internode node Axillary bud 6 2/25/2010 2 mm 4 mm panicle differentiation Filament Stamen Anther Stigma Stigma of pistil Style of pistil 7 2/25/2010 Filaments of stamens Anthers of stamens milk to soft dough 8 2/25/2010 Rice Insects Taxonomy and Morphology: Personal Details of Some Old and New Foes Dr. Chris Carlton, Louisiana State Arthropod Museum LSU AgCenter, Dept of Entomology 9 to 9:45 am Insects that we will deal with BeetlesBeetles--ricerice water weevils, rice levee billbug, colaspis leaf beetles, lady beetles True bugsbugs--stinkstink bugs, aphids MothsMoths--borerborer complex FliesFlies--leafminersleafminers MitesMites--paniclepanicle rice mite Beetles (order Coleoptera): adults M. Ferro www.zin.ru/.../Coleoptera/ images/ http://quasimodo.versailles. inra.fr/…/famtot.htm www.zin.ru/.../Coleoptera/ images/ www.zin.ru/.../Coleoptera/ images/ www.zin.ru/.../Coleoptera/ images/ 9 2/25/2010 Beetles (order Coleoptera): adults Head Thorax Abdomen Elytra Elytra completely Elytra partially covering flight wings exposing flight wings Beetles of the World 1. Lawrence et al. 1999. Copyright CSIRO 1999. Beetles (order Coleoptera): larvae Head Abdomen Abdomen Thorax Thorax Head Rice water weevils: family Curculionidae Larva http://www.aragriculture.org/images/insects Adult /rice/ricewaterweevillarva.jpg Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus Kuschel Lissorhoptrus simplex (Say) + 17 others in Central and http://www.padil.gov.au/pbt/files/uall/38RWW.jpg South America 10 2/25/2010 How to distinguish L. oryzophilus and L. simplex Have a look at this part of the hind leg (metatibia). L. oryzophilus L. simplex What do rice water weevil larvae use to inflict feeding damage on rice? Mandibles Like a combination of pointed, Larval head, bottom view. cutting, and gouging chisels. Rice water weevils cannot breath water, but live under it. How do they breath? Larval spiracle used to access air pockets inside stem. Like a can opener + scuba gear, sorta. 11 2/25/2010 Rice levee billbug: family Curculionidae Sphenophorus spp. At least nine species occur in Louisiana. Species identification is important. Colaspis leaf beetles: family Chrysomelidae Larva Adult Distinguishing Colaspis species Colaspis brunnea (F.) Colaspis louisianae Blake Their respective male sex organs (aedeagus). 12 2/25/2010 Colaspis feeding damage in Louisiana rice seems to mainly be caused by C. louisianae And now for some good news, lady beetles: family Coccinellidae What people usually think of… …but a lot of lady beetles are quite small and drab in appearance Diomus terminatus (Say) 13 2/25/2010 …and are important as natural control agents of aphids. Mandible What is this Diomus larva doing to consume the aphid? Photo series, M. Ferro and W. Akbar Piercing body wall, injecting digestive fluids, sucking down liquified contents… + + Like a combination of tongs, a syringe, and a shop vac. True bugs (order Hemiptera))Hemiptera 14 2/25/2010 True bugs Head Thorax Beak Abdomen Immatures similar to adults, only lacking wings. Rice stink bug: family Pentatomidae Oebalus pugnax (F.) Rice stink bug beak A simple straw? 15 2/25/2010 Dissection reveals a more complex apparatus. The beak comprises six individual components. Mand. stylets=catheter Labium=sheath Labrum=upper lip Max. stylets=straw Southern green stink bug: family Pentatomidae http://ipm.ncsu….Southern_green_stink_bug_ nymph2.jpg http://insects.tamu.edu/images/insects/color/sgstink1.jpg Immature (nymph) http:// www.ent.iastate.edu/.../greenst Nezara viridula (L.) inkbug.html Adult Compare with: green stink bug, Acrosternum hilare (Say) Aphids: family Aphidae Bird cherrycherry--oatoat aphid, Rhopalosiphum padi L.L. Greenbug, Schizaphis graminum Rondani http:// extension.entm.purdue.edu/pestcrop/2007/issue10/ http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3159/2900753778_69b01dcb30.jpg 16 2/25/2010 Identifying aphids requires microscope slidemounts of WINGED aphids Detail showing sensory structures on antenna Slide mounted greenbug used in identification collected in 1969 Moths, butterflies, and skippers (order Lepidoptera )) www.ybis.at/natur/ …Pa163070.jpg www.fcps.k12.va.us/. ../ppolblue.jpg www.fcps.k12.va.us/.. /ppolblue.jpg www.leps.it/indexjs.htm?.../ThymeSylve.htm www.images.on.ca/.../ Zebra_Swallowtail.jpg www.floridata.com/.../ cloudless_sulphur.jpg 17 2/25/2010 Lepidoptera characters http:// www.greenville.k12.ny.us/.../cateranat.htm http://static.howstuffworks. com/gif/butterfly- proboscis.jpg Caterpiller feeding Mandibles Like pinking shears. Head, rear view. The borer complex Mexican rice borer: Euroma lofteni (Dyar) Rice stalk borer: Chilo plejadellus Zincken Sugarcane borer: Diatraea saccharalis (F.) European corn borer: Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner) 18 2/25/2010 Mexican ricer borer Sugarcane borer http:// commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Adult_sugarca... Rice stalk borer European corn borer http://mothphotographersgroup.msstate.edu/…Crambid%201a.jpg http:// www.ipm.iastate.edu/.../armyworm.html Comparing personal details of sugarcane borer and Mexican rice borer…male genitalia. 1 1 2 2 Mexican ricer borer Sugarcane borer Reiss, 1981 2 1 Slide mounted male genitalia of Mexican ricer borer What about the worms? rice stalk borer Sugarcane borer Often, live specimens are easier to identify than preserved. From Stehr’s Immature Insects 19 2/25/2010 Worms, cont. entweb.clemson.edu/.../pages/EuroCornBorer.htm European corn borer Mexican rice borer Fall armyworm True flies, mosquitos,mosquitos , midges (order DipteraDiptera)) www.sfu.ca/~fankbone/ biol/diptera.jpg Thorax Head Abdomen http:// www.fishing-hotspot.co.uk/fishing-with-maggots/ Typical fly larva, maggot http:// animals.howstuffworks.com/.../printable Typical fly adult Mosquito larva, also a kind of fly 20 2/25/2010 South American rice miner: family Ephydridae Larva with damage Adult Hydrellia wirthi Korytkowski Egg Like these swanswan--neckednecked mortise chisels, sorta. Mites (Acarina): very different from insects ••88 legs, not 6 ••BodyBody not divided into head, thorax, and abdomen ••MouthpartsMouthparts completely different…chelicerate no mandibles ••MoreMore closely related to spiders, ticks and scorpions http:// bugsinmybed.com/mite-biology.php 21 2/25/2010 Rice panicle mite: family Tarsonemidae mites Female Steneotarsonemus Male spinki Smiley Drill + syringe on a minute (cellular) level http:// keys.lucidcentral.org/.../Mite_Glossary.htm Brown discoloration of sheath mites J. Saichuk 22 2/25/2010 www.panoramio.com/photo/1057758 Taxonomic services: how you can help us help you Identification and classification: the FIRST step in dealing with pest problems We rely of first responders to document new pests and pest outbreaks The first responder’s toolkit Your local taxonomist, always cheerful and ready to help The first responder’s toolkit Preservative: Field ethanol notebook Labeling supplies Knife w/scissors, handlens Specimen vials/bottles/ziplocks 23 2/25/2010 A digital camera is also quite useful •• Images rapidly transmittable ••LiveLive color shots often valuable clues in identification ••AssociatedAssociated damage easy to document ••YouYou don’t have to be a great photographer Accurate, precise data are essential, at minimum… • State and parish or county ••GeneralGeneral location (e.g., distance/direction to nearest town) ••SpecificSpecific location, GIS coords. if available! ••CropCrop and specific location on plant or other habitat information (e.g., assoc. with damage) ••DateDate of collection ••NameName of collector Take home messages Taxonomists and diagnosticians need your help in early detection of pests and pest outbreaks Specialized methods are often necessary to correctly identify species and inform appropriate responses The mechanics of feeding and nature of damage differ greatly among different insect groups and even between stages 24 2/25/2010 Acknowledgments and Sources Thanks to Natalie Hummel, staff and students at the LSAM and the LSU AgCenter for paying the bills. Images by CEC, AgCenter, or online sources, as indicated in small print. Louisiana State Arthropod Museum http://entomology.lsu.edu/lsam/ Identification service help page: http://entomology.lsu.edu/lsam/public.htm Questions? Lifecycles Insect Internal Anatomy Dr. Natalie Hummel, LSU AgCenter Department of Entomology 9:45 to 10:15 25 2/25/2010 Hemi-metabolous Hemi = partial -metabolous = change Incomplete development Larva looks similar to adult Egg Nymph Adult Chinch Bug Amorochrous dubius Aphids – a J. Saichuk variation on this… Rice Stink Bug J. Saichuk 26 2/25/2010 27 2/25/2010 Holo-metabolous Holo = complete -metabolous = change Complete development Larva looks different from adult Rice Water Weevil Egg Larva Pupa Adult Rice Leafminer Rice Seed Midge Rice water weevil J. Saichuk J.
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