DOCSLIB.ORG

Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-49046-7 — Kashmir in the Aftermath of Partition Shahla Hussain Index More Information

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-49046-7 — Kashmir in the Aftermath of Partition Shahla Hussain Index More Information Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-49046-7 — Kashmir in the Aftermath of Partition Shahla Hussain Index More Information 378 Index Index Abbas, Chaudhry Ghulam, 41, 48, 53–4, inefficiency, 86 59, 244, 248 measures, 353 Abdullah, Begum, 198 officials, 87, 278 Abdullah, Farooq, 147–8, 202, 221–3, 306, services, 143 310 zone, 107 Abdullah, Sheikh Muhammad, 3, 37–44, Afghanistan, 246, 304, 327–8, 339, 358 47–60, 62–5, 69n21, 72n89, 78–82, agrarian reforms, 104–11, 140, 163, 224 86–7, 89–90, 92–4, 96, 99–105, deep resentment in Jammu, 109 109–20, 130n198, 132, 134–7, empowered a section of the Kashmiri 140–1, 144, 146–7, 149, 153, 155, peasantry, 107 157–8, 161, 163–6, 172, 177n41, exempted fruit farms, 108 185–7, 189–94, 196–203, 206–7, manipulated revenue records, 108 212–24, 226, 236n161, 239, 246, no compensation, 106 248, 250, 253–56, 272, 295, 297–8, ahli-i-tiqadis, 163 302–3, 306, 310, 319, 341n31, 357 Ahmad, Bashir-ud-din Mahmud, 40 against integrationist forces, 116 Ahmadiyyas, 40, 42 arrest, 203 Ahrars, 40 in National Conference, 143 Akal Takht, 313 limiting the jurisdiction of India’s central Akali Dal, 112 government, 99 Akbar, Sofi, 193 political views on partition, 62–3 Aksai Chin, 203 would nullify the state subject category, Al-Fatah, 211, 214, 217, 258, 302 117 commitment towards Palestinian Action Committee, 153–4 national movement, 274 Awami, 204 on guerilla warfare in Kashmir, 212 Babri Masjid, 305 Algeria, 19, 189, 202–3, 208, 239, 254, Buddhist, 228 258, 274 Hindu, 209 Algerian National Liberation Front, 254 Muslim, 198, 202, 204 Ali, Agha Shahid, 2–3, 20n1, 324, 360 West-Pakistani Refugees, 220 alienation administrative, Kashmir from India, 2–3, 294 acceptability, 5, 172 from National Conference, 301 anti-corruption campaigns, 148 of Kashmiri Muslims, 28, 212, 294, 301, complications, 92 311 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-49046-7 — Kashmir in the Aftermath of Partition Shahla Hussain Index More Information Index 379 Aligarh Muslim University, 37 Assam, 15, 172, 221, 319 All India Kashmir Muslim Committee, 40–1 Audit Report of 1962, 144 All India Kashmir Muslim Conference, 31, Auquaf-i-Islamia, 155 33, 40 Awami League, 260–1 All India States People’s Conference, 47 Awami Mahaz, 216 All Jammu and Kashmir Muslim Awami National Conference, 307 Conference, 242 Awami Raj, 80, 89, 120 All State Kashmiri Pandit Conference, 59 Awami Socialist Conference, 191 Allah Tigers, 326 Ayyangar Committee Report (1967), 141, Al-Qaeda, 331 177n46 Al-Umar, 326 Ayyangar, N. Gopalaswami, 100, 141, 144 Amarnath Shrine Board, 335 aazadi (azadi), 256, 278–9, 311–20, 323– Amnesty International, 16, 317 31, 337 Anantnag, 58, 162–3, 215–16, 303, 306–7, counter-narrative of, 320–4 333 demand by Kashmiris, 2, 4 Anantnag Degree College, 216 digital and creative roots of, 331–9 Andrabi, Jalil, 329 Islamization of, 324–31 Anglo-Sikh wars of 1846, 27 Azad Kashmir, 188, 214, 221, 229, 239–40, Anjuman-i-Tabligh-ul-Islam, 155 250–1, 253–4, 256, 259, 263, 267– Anjumun-i-Kashmir-Mussalmanan-i- 9, 277–80, 352 Lahore, 31 accommodation and resistance in, 240–9 Anjumun-i-Nusrat-ul-Islam, 33 as a base camp, 268 Ansari, Abdul Khaliq, 250, 253–4, 262, dominated by Pakistani nationalist 271, 273, 285n77 politics, 253 Ansari, Maulvi Abbas, 307 feelings of political suppression, 246 Arab–Israeli War of 1973, 299 for guerilla training, 256 Arafat, Yasser, 274 involved in fractious internal politics, Armed Forces (Jammu and Kashmir) Special 248 Powers Act (AFSPA), 281, 316, 332–4 legislative assembly, 272, 279 Article (Indian Constitution) Pakistan and, relationship between, 35A, 8, 103, 226, 338–9, 356–7 271–3 249, 306 provisional government, 242 275, 138 puppet regimes, 281 306A, 100 and self-determination promise, 252 356, 145, 201 Azad Kashmir Army, 241 370, 11, 100–1, 103, 137, 148, 166, Azad Kashmir movement, 95, 241–2 172, 201, 215, 218, 220–2, Azad Muslim Conference, 42, 202 224–5, 306, 308, 351 Azad, Abdul Ahad, 61 371, 11 Azad, Maulana Abdul Kalam, 119 371A, 11, 22n26 Aziz, Mir Abdul, 245 Arunachal Pradesh, 12, 172, 338–9 Ashai, G. M., 114 Babri Masjid Action Committee, 305 Ashraf, K. M., 45 backward classes, 166, 168, 182n160 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-49046-7 — Kashmir in the Aftermath of Partition Shahla Hussain Index More Information 380 Index Baghdad Pact, 187 British paramountcy, 6, 60–1 Bakshi Brothers Corporation, 141 bodhisattva, 26 Bakshi, Rashid 153 border(s), 5–6, 10–13, 35, 40, 65, 67, Bakshi, Shakeel, 307 97–8, 199, 203, 205, 220, 229, 238, Bakula, Kushok, 110 242–3, 253, 272, 277–8, 317–18, Baluchistan, 246, 273 326, 330, 349–50, 358 Balawaristan National Front (BNF), 279 artificial, 2–3, 78, 83 Baltistan, 6, 243, 249, 254, 259, 275, 279– with China, 243 80, 290n193, 352 within their homeland, 252 Bandung, 189 in the Kashmiri psyche, 349 Bangladesh, 146, 260, 269, 271–2, 338–9 of the nation-states, 3 Baramulla, 204, 215, 255, 277, 299, 334 to reconnect communities, 83 Basic Democracy (BD) system, 248–9 Brinckman, Arthur, 30 Basic Principles Committee, 101, 118 Britain, 13, 17, 41, 99, 146, 229, 239–40, Basit, Abdul, 256–7 245, 251–2, 263–6, 270–1, 273–6, Batamaloo, 204, 313 281 Bazaz, Prem Nath, 43, 45–6, 51, 53, 57, 62, Buddhist, 4, 19, 26, 47, 95, 110, 224, 94, 169, 187–8, 192, 208, 234n101, 227–8 102, 246 Budgam, 204, 299 Bedi, B. P. L., 45, 81 Bukhari, Maulana Qasim, 155 Bedi, Freda, 45 bureaucracy, 108, 250, 259–60 Beg, Mirza Afzal, 102, 193, 215, 218 administrative, 245 belonging(s), 8, 18, 31, 35, 65, 77–9, 85–6, central, 170 90–1, 97–8, 102, 104, 111, 120, corrupt, 29 167, 241, 324, 353 Hindu, 28 community, 14 Pakistani, 12, 96, 229, 239, 243 to different sub-regions, 41 Burma Ordinance of 1818, 40 to either India or Pakistan, 64, 120 business groups, 38, 47, 307, 319 to the homeland, 353 Butt, Maqbool, 238, 254–5, 259, 261, political, 5, 17 263, 269, 276, 286n104, 286n105, religious, 7, 355 287n117 with the undivided territory of Jammu and Kashmir, 8, 241 Cabinet Mission, 58, 185 Berlin Wall, 304 capitalism, 57–8, 263–7, 270, 295, 301 Bhan, D. N., 187 cease-fire line, 248, 254 Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), 228, 315, 338 central assistance Ekta Yatra in 1991, 325 Kashmir received a larger share, 138 victory in 2019 general elections, 356 drove economic growth, 139 Bhat, M. S., 160 Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF), Bhutto, Zulfikar Ali, 261, 265, 299, 272 210–11 Big Landed Estate Abolition Act, 106 centralization, 12–14, 93, 115, 133, 148, biradari, 241, 244, 250–2 166, 171, 187, 192, 217–25, 294, Birmingham, 245, 251, 263–4, 274 304, 351 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-49046-7 — Kashmir in the Aftermath of Partition Shahla Hussain Index More Information Index 381 Chavan, Y. B., 169 109, 112, 114, 118, 137–8, 187, Chenab river, 12 193, 195, 199, 201, 220, 357 China, 11, 42, 243, 357–8 corruption, 34, 105, 136, 141–5, 147–8, challenged India’s sovereignty in Aksai 165–6, 169, 172, 174, 209, 219, Chin region, 203 224, 249, 257, 294, 300, 313, 329 China–Pakistan Economic Corridor counterinsurgency, 324–31 (CPEC), 290n193 Criminal Procedure Code, 333 Chrar-i-Sharif shrine, 328 Cuba, 208, 257, 266, 277 citizen(s), 102, 104, 112, 135, 151, 158, culture of immunity extended to state 167–8, 170, 206, 219, 244 institutions, 331 Kashmiri, 8, 16, 312, 314, 334, 340, Cyprus, 189 354 Indian, 17, 84, 91, 103, 154, 219–21, Dal Lake, 148 311, 335, 340 Debt Reconciliation Board, 107 Pakistani, 221, 269 decolonization, 10–11, 18, 20n3, 25, 77– Indian Muslims, 93, 339 90, 240, 266, 282 Citizenship Amendment Act (2019), 339 Delhi Agreement of 1952, 103–4 civil liberties, 82, 95, 112, 144, 186, 191–2, Delhi Development Authority, 305 194, 205–7, 211, 226, 248, 258, demography, 9, 91, 221, 226, 339 309, 311, 314, 351, 353–4 Devanagari–Persian script controversy, 52–3, Civil Service Recruitment Board, 35 92 Cold War, 94, 187, 192, 203, 264, 277, Dhar, D. P., 205 281, 300, 303, 351 diaspora, 326 collaborators, 5, 18, 134–48, 154, 167, 172, Mirpuri migrants, 251 357 Pakistan–Kashmir United Forum, 271 commercialization of agriculture, 157–74 shared experiences of racial Committee for Initiative on Kashmir discrimination, 251 (1991), 327 Directive Principles of State Policy, 92 Committee on Economic Reforms report Distressed Debtors Relief Act of 1950, 107 (1998), 173 Dixon, Sir Owen, 118, 247 communalism, 44, 51–2, 57–8, 62, 116, Dogra maharaja, 6–8, 28, 34–44, 47–8, 197, 206 52–3, 58–9, 64–6, 78–9, 81, 89, 93, communism, 19, 43, 67, 264–5, 327 101–2, 105, 108–10, 113, 125n93, communists influence on Kashmir, 55–60 132, 134, 136, 144, 185, 188–90, Comparative statistics of the central 195–7, 201, 206, 219, 227, 240–2, assistance (as percentage of total 247, 249, 254, 256, 294, 309, 350, outlay), 138 352 coercive state machinery, 354 durbars (or court sessions), 34 Constituent Assembly (Indian), 11 forced labor, 28, 313 adopted Hindi as official language, 92 maharaja, 6–8, 28, 34, 41, 66, 78–9, debate on princely states, 100 102, 125n93, 219, 241 constituent assembly of Jammu and religious discrimination, 28, 36, 275, Kashmir, 11, 65, 92, 100–3, 106, 308 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-49046-7 — Kashmir in the Aftermath of Partition Shahla Hussain Index More Information 382 Index misgovernance in Kashmir, 30 Front de Libération Nationale (Algerian The Treaty
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Northern Areas, Pakistan's Forgotten Colony in Jammu And
    IJGR 11,1-2_ f7-186-228 7/28/04 7:17 AM Page 187 International Journal on Minority and Group Rights 11: 187–228, 2004. 187 © Koninklijke Brill NV. Printed in the Netherlands. Of Rivers and Human Rights: The Northern Areas, Pakistan’s Forgotten Colony in Jammu and Kashmir ANITA D. RAMAN* Following armed hostilities in 1947–1949 between India and Pakistan and inter- vention by the international community, the region once known as the Princely State of Jammu & Kashmir was divided. Commencing no later than October 1947, the Kashmir dispute has proved the most protracted territorial dispute in the United Nations era. Since the termination of hostilities and the signing of the Karachi Agreement of August 1949 between India and Pakistan, approximately one third of the former Princely State has been under the de facto control of Pakistan. The Northern Areas constitute the majority of Pakistan-controlled Kashmir, and little is known regarding internal governance in the region. Despite its long- held position that the entirety of the former Princely State is disputed territory, the Federation of Pakistan has recently commenced steps to incorporate the region as the ‘fifth province’ of Pakistan. Section I of this note outlines the his- tory of the use of force in and occupation of the former Princely State, focusing on the internal administrative setup of the region following 1948. Section II looks to the concept of nationhood in order to assess whether the residents of the Northern Areas are a people within the meaning of international law on the right of self-determination and proposes a possible way forward in the assessment of the will of the peoples of the region.
    [Show full text]
  • ANSWERED ON:23.08.2007 HISTORICAL PLACES in up Verma Shri Bhanu Pratap Singh
    GOVERNMENT OF INDIA CULTURE LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO:1586 ANSWERED ON:23.08.2007 HISTORICAL PLACES IN UP Verma Shri Bhanu Pratap Singh Will the Minister of CULTURE be pleased to state: (a) the details of Centrally protected monuments in Uttar Pradesh (UP) at present; (b) the agency responsible for the maintenance of these places; (c) the amount spent on the maintenance of these monuments during the last three years; and (d) the details of revenue earned from these monuments during each of the last three years? Answer MINISTER FOR TOURISM AND CULTURE (SHRIMATI AMBIKA SONI) (a)&(b) There are 742 monuments/sites declared as of national importance in the Uttar Pradesh (U.P.) as per list at Annexure. Archaeological Survey of India looks after their proper upkeep, maintenance, conservation and preservation. (c) The expenditure incurred on conservation, preservation, maintenance and environmental development of these centrally protected monuments during the last three years is as under: Rupees in Lakhs Year Total 2004-05 1392.48 2005-06 331.14 2006-07 1300.36 (d) The details of revenue earned from these monuments during the last three years are as under: Rupees in Lakhs Year Total 2004-05 2526.33 2005-06 2619.92 2006-07 2956.46 ANNEXURE ANNEXURE REFERRED TO IN REPLY TO PART (a)&(b) OF THE LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTIO NO.1586 FOR 23.8.2007 LIST OF CENTRALLY PROTECTED MONUMENTS IN UTTAR PRADESH Agra Circle Name of monument/site Locality District 1. Agra Fort Including Akbari Mahal Agra Agra Anguri Bagh Baoli of the Diwan-i-Am Quadrangle.
    [Show full text]
  • AMCHAM Compendium
    U.S. Companies: Partners in India’s Inclusive Growth American companies have been operating in India since 1902. Following India’s economic reforms, FDI from U.S. companies has exceeded 50 billion dollars. U.S. companies have actively engaged in India’s inclusive growth story and have created gainful engagement for more than 5 million people. Collectively, they are at the forefront of innovation and ground-breaking research and development across sectors, actively engaged with the MSME sector, committed to social upliftment, rural outreach, skill development, education, women’s empowerment, as well as, health and sanitation, across the country. This compendium offers a glimpse of the initiatives taken by AMCHAM members to contribute in India’s inclusive growth. Jacobs Engineering India | 121 Table of Contents John Deere India Pvt. Ltd. | 124 Johnson & Johnson India | 127 Abbott Healthcare | 4 Johnson Controls India | 130 Acclaris Business Solutions | 7 Kemin Industries South Asia | 132 Amazon India | 10 KPMG in India | 135 American International School Chennai | 13 Lockheed Martin India | 138 American Megatrends India Private Limited | 16 Manhattan Associates India | 141 Amritt India Associates | 18 Modine India | 143 Amway India | 20 Monsanto India | 146 Avery Dennison India | 23 Mosaic India | 149 Bard India Healthcare | 26 Novus Animal Nutrition India | 151 Bausch & Lomb India | 28 Owens Corning India | 153 BD India | 31 P&G India | 156 Blackboard Technology India Pvt. Ltd. | 34 PepsiCo India | 159 Boeing India | 37 PNB Metlife India
    [Show full text]
  • A Case Study of Gilgit-Baltistan
    The Role of Geography in Human Security: A Case Study of Gilgit-Baltistan PhD Thesis Submitted by Ehsan Mehmood Khan, PhD Scholar Regn. No. NDU-PCS/PhD-13/F-017 Supervisor Dr Muhammad Khan Department of Peace and Conflict Studies (PCS) Faculties of Contemporary Studies (FCS) National Defence University (NDU) Islamabad 2017 ii The Role of Geography in Human Security: A Case Study of Gilgit-Baltistan PhD Thesis Submitted by Ehsan Mehmood Khan, PhD Scholar Regn. No. NDU-PCS/PhD-13/F-017 Supervisor Dr Muhammad Khan This Dissertation is submitted to National Defence University, Islamabad in fulfilment for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Peace and Conflict Studies Department of Peace and Conflict Studies (PCS) Faculties of Contemporary Studies (FCS) National Defence University (NDU) Islamabad 2017 iii Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirement for Doctor of Philosophy in Peace and Conflict Studies (PCS) Peace and Conflict Studies (PCS) Department NATIONAL DEFENCE UNIVERSITY Islamabad- Pakistan 2017 iv CERTIFICATE OF COMPLETION It is certified that the dissertation titled “The Role of Geography in Human Security: A Case Study of Gilgit-Baltistan” written by Ehsan Mehmood Khan is based on original research and may be accepted towards the fulfilment of PhD Degree in Peace and Conflict Studies (PCS). ____________________ (Supervisor) ____________________ (External Examiner) Countersigned By ______________________ ____________________ (Controller of Examinations) (Head of the Department) v AUTHOR’S DECLARATION I hereby declare that this thesis titled “The Role of Geography in Human Security: A Case Study of Gilgit-Baltistan” is based on my own research work. Sources of information have been acknowledged and a reference list has been appended.
    [Show full text]
  • Discord in Pakistan's Northern Areas
    DISCORD IN PAKISTAN’S NORTHERN AREAS Asia Report N°131 – 2 April 2007 TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ..................................................................................................... i I. INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................... 1 II. THE HISTORY............................................................................................................... 2 A. THE KASHMIR CONNECTION..................................................................................................2 B. ACCEDING TO PAKISTAN .......................................................................................................3 III. SIX DECADES OF CONSTITUTIONAL NEGLECT ................................................... 5 A. RETAINING THE KASHMIR CONNECTION ................................................................................5 1. Justification ................................................................................................................5 2. Enforcement ...............................................................................................................6 B. THE NORTHERN AREAS AND AJK: DIVERGENT PATHS...........................................................7 1. Constitutional and administrative development .............................................................7 2. Azad Jammu and Kashmir..........................................................................................8 3. The Northern Areas....................................................................................................8
    [Show full text]
  • UNPO UPR Submission 13Th Philippines
    Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization (UNPO) Individual Stakeholder Submission to the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights regarding the Universal Periodic Review of the Republic of Pakistan during the 14th Session, 22 October- 5 November 2012 Background of Ethnic Minorities of Pakistan 1. Sindh: The Sindhi people are mostly located in Sindh in southeastern Pakistan. This province has historically been recognized as a separate political territory, and it practiced territorial autonomy under British colonial rule. During the Pakistan-Indian separation, the Sindhi agreed to join Pakistan in exchange for the promise of autonomy. Since that time, Sindh has seen a loss of provincial autonomy, endangering the distinct culture and language of the Sindh. 2. Gilgit-Baltistan: Gilgit-Baltistan is an area located in the north of Pakistan disputed by India and Pakistan. Because of its isolated position between the Karakoram Mountains, the area has developed and preserved its unique history, cultural values, and traditional political identity. The area where an estimated 1.8 million people reside is governed directly by Islamabad, despite a landmark verdict in 1999 which ordered Pakistan to extend fundamental freedoms to the Northern Areas. 3. Balochistan: The region of Balochistan stretches out over parts of Iran, Afghanistan and Pakistan. After the British occupation of the region, and the subsequent independence of Pakistan, the land of the Baloch was partitioned. According to official estimates, 7, 9 million people are currently living in the Pakistani part of the Balochistan. Many Baloch live in a climate of fear characterized by rising rates of enforced disappearances , extrajudicial killings, and arbitrary detention.
    [Show full text]
  • Flags of Asia
    Flags of Asia Item Type Book Authors McGiverin, Rolland Publisher Indiana State University Download date 27/09/2021 04:44:49 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10484/12198 FLAGS OF ASIA A Bibliography MAY 2, 2017 ROLLAND MCGIVERIN Indiana State University 1 Territory ............................................................... 10 Contents Ethnic ................................................................... 11 Afghanistan ............................................................ 1 Brunei .................................................................. 11 Country .................................................................. 1 Country ................................................................ 11 Ethnic ..................................................................... 2 Cambodia ............................................................. 12 Political .................................................................. 3 Country ................................................................ 12 Armenia .................................................................. 3 Ethnic ................................................................... 13 Country .................................................................. 3 Government ......................................................... 13 Ethnic ..................................................................... 5 China .................................................................... 13 Region ..................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Pok News Digest a Monthly News Digest on Pakistan Occupied Kashmir
    POK NEWS DIGEST A MONTHLY NEWS DIGEST ON PAKISTAN OCCUPIED KASHMIR Volume 2 Number 11 November 2009 • Commentary Gilgit Ordinance 2009 Undermines Baroness Emma Nicholson's Endeavors - Senge Hasnan Sering • Political Developments AJK: Unstable Again Farooq Elected New AJK Premier POK Leaders Justify India's Objection to Chinese Projects 7, 14,966 Votes Registered in GB Elections • Economic Developments LCCI to Hold Int’l Investment Conference for Gilgit-Baltistan Rs500m Value Gemstones Extracted Annually From GB • International Developments Kashmiri Parties Hold Pak Govt Responsible For Terrorism in Valley Kashmiri Demonstrators Urge Pakistan to Leave Kashmir Compiled & Edited • Other Developments by Gilgit-Baltistan Has Potential to Produce Dr Priyanka Singh 40,000 MW Electricity INSTITUTE FOR DEFENCE STUDIES AND ANALYSES No. 1, Development Enclave, Rao Tula Ram Marg November 2009 New Delhi-110 010 1 Jammu & Kashmir (Source: Based on the Survey of India Map, Govt of India 2000 ) A Monthly Newsletter on Pakistan Occupied Kashmir 2 About this Issue There was a change in government in the so called 'AJK' which reiterates the precarious form of politics there. The outgoing Prime Minister Sardar Yaqoob was in office only for ten months since January 2009, when he assumed office after toppling Atiq Ahmed Khan. Atiq Khan was allegedly involved in the overthrow of Yaqoobs's government this time around as is indicated in one of the reports included in this issue. This development reveals the wretched situation of political structures in PoK which are subject to the whims and fancies of the establishment in Pakistan. Not only this, some reports in the issue also point to the fact that the party in power in Pakistan makes use of its position to ensure its interests are best secured in PoK, keeping in view its strategic significance.
    [Show full text]
  • 3 Who Is Who and What Is What
    3 e who is who and what is what Ever Success - General Knowledge 4 Saad Book Bank, Lahore Ever Success Revised and Updated GENERAL KNOWLEDGE Who is who? What is what? CSS, PCS, PMS, FPSC, ISSB Police, Banks, Wapda, Entry Tests and for all Competitive Exames and Interviews World Pakistan Science English Computer Geography Islamic Studies Subjectives + Objectives etc. Abbreviations Current Affair Sports + Games Ever Success - General Knowledge 5 Saad Book Bank, Lahore © ALL RIGHTS RESERVED No part of this book may be reproduced In any form, by photostate, electronic or mechanical, or any other means without the written permission of author and publisher. Composed By Muhammad Tahsin Ever Success - General Knowledge 6 Saad Book Bank, Lahore Dedicated To ME Ever Success - General Knowledge 7 Saad Book Bank, Lahore Ever Success - General Knowledge 8 Saad Book Bank, Lahore P R E F A C E I offer my services for designing this strategy of success. The material is evidence of my claim, which I had collected from various resources. I have written this book with an aim in my mind. I am sure this book will prove to be an invaluable asset for learners. I have tried my best to include all those topics which are important for all competitive exams and interviews. No book can be claimed as prefect except Holy Quran. So if you found any shortcoming or mistake, you should inform me, according to your suggestions, improvements will be made in next edition. The author would like to thank all readers and who gave me their valuable suggestions for the completion of this book.
    [Show full text]
  • The Sectarianization of Society, Culture and Religion in Gilgit-Baltistan
    The Sectarianization of Society, Culture and Religion in Gilgit-Baltistan Introduction Landlocked between Afghanistan, China, Pakistan and India, the region of Gilgit-Baltistan, now administered by Pakistan, is a disputed and culturally unique space that remains vastly understudied in politico-cultural analyses of Pakistan and South Asia as a whole. Gilgit- Baltistan is politically connected to the Jammu & Kashmir conflict, and, as the Republic of India claims the entirety of the erstwhile Princely State in line with the Instrument of Accession signed in 1947 by the legal ruler of the princely State of Jammu & Kashmir, New Delhi continues to discern Gilgit-Baltistan as a part of its territory that has been illegally occupied by Pakistan since the partition of India. Despite being ruled by the Federal Government in Karachi, and later in Islamabad, since the partition of British India, Gilgit- Baltistan’s legal-constitutional status remains an ambiguous and peculiar one as Gilgit- Baltistan is not constitutionally part of Pakistan, with Islamabad historically conceptualizing Gilgit-Baltistan as a semi-autonomous region within Pakistan which legal status is tied to the enactment of a possible plebiscite in Jammu & Kashmir. The legal-constitutional conundrum surrounding Gilgit-Baltistan has decisively shaped its social, economic, and political fabric as its inhabitants have been denied fundamental constitutional rights as well as representative capacities in national political institutions such as the Parliament, the Finance Commission, and the Judicial Council (Sering, 2010). As such, Gilgit-Baltistan is excluded from much of Pakistan’s political process, and Gilgit-Baltistan is a part of the Unrepresented Peoples & Nations Organizations (UNPO), a body that claims to “empower the voices of unrepresented and marginalized peoples worldwide and to protect their fundamental human rights” (UNPO mission statement).
    [Show full text]
  • Recognising Gender Biases, Rethinking Budgets
    RECOGNISING GENDER BIASES, RETHINKING BUDGETS Review of Gender Responsive Budgeting in the Union Government and Select States 2012 Centre for Budget and Governance Accountability i This document is for private circulation and is not a priced publication. Copyright@2012 Centre for Budget and Governance Accountability Reproduction of this publication for educational and other non-commercial purposes is authorized, without prior written permission, provided the source is fully acknowledged. Study Team: Pooja Parvati, Bhumika Jhamb, Saumya Shrivastava and Khwaja Mobeen ur Rehman Study supported by: UN Women Designed and Printed by: Sanjiv Palliwal (SHIVAM SUNDARAM) Published by: Centre for Budget and Governance Accountability B-7 Extn./110 A (Ground Floor), Harsukh Marg, Safdarjung Enclave, New Delhi – 110029 Ph: +91-11- 49 200 400 / 401 / 402, Fax: +91-11- 4050 4846 Email: [email protected] Website: www.cbgaindia.org (Views expressed in this report do not necessarily represent the position of UN Women.) ii Recognising Gender Biases, Rethinking Budgets Review of Gender Responsive Budgeting in the Union Government and Select States Supported by UN Women Study Team Pooja Parvati, Bhumika Jhamb, Saumya Shrivastava and Khwaja Mobeen ur Rehman 2012 Centre for Budget and Governance Accountability iii iv ForewoRD Lack of gender responsiveness in various domains of public policy has caught the attention of many stakeholders in the country, including academicians, civil society leaders and policymakers, since quite some time. Questions relating to gender have been taken up in academic as well as policy research in a number of areas and the consequent insights and debates are very rich. Questions pertaining to gender in the context of fiscal policy too are not new in the discourse on development and public policy in India.
    [Show full text]
  • Popularity of Doordarshan Campaigns Among Youth Jasdeep Kaur Ph.D
    Popularity of Doordarshan Campaigns among Youth Jasdeep Kaur Ph.D. Research Scholar, Department of Journalism and Mass Communication Punjabi University Patiala (India) ABSTRACT Doordarshan Television Network is a public service broadcaster owned by government with the aim to serve the functions of information, education and entertainment to the masses. It is playing a significant role in providing awareness on various issues such as HIV/AIDS, Tobacco, TB and Leprosy Eradication, family planning, pollution control etc. to the masses via campaigns. DoordarshanTV network has a wide reach and accessibility for providing information to the millions of people who are geographically scattered over thousands of kilometre in different territories across the geopolitical boundaries via DTH service providers. But people still fail to take benefit out of them because of the lack of awareness and information about these schemes. This study focuses on role of Doordarshan in providing awareness regarding various governmental schemes and projects on the students of Punjabi University, Patiala via campaigns. This study analyses and explores the awareness campaigns which are telecasted by Doordarshanto provide better opportunities to the youth. Keywords: Health Care, Campaigns, Welfare,Doordarshan, Youth, Awareness. I. INTRODUCTION Doordarshan is playing a great role in providing awareness among youth with the help of various government departments such as Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation, Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, Ministry of AYUSH, Ministry of Development of North Eastern Region and Ministry of Health and Family Welfare etc. These campaigns are used to provide good message regarding health issues, agricultural issuesand rural development issues to the audience through audio- visual aids.
    [Show full text]