DOCSLIB.ORG

Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, USDA § 319.56–50

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, USDA § 319.56–50 Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, USDA § 319.56–50 § 319.56–50 Hass avocados from Peru. requirements of paragraph (f) of this Fresh Hass variety avocados (Persea section. americana P. Mill.) may be imported (3) If the NPPO of Peru finds that a into the continental United States place of production or packinghouse is from Peru only under the conditions not complying with the requirements described in this section. These condi- of this section, no fruit from the place tions are designed to prevent the intro- of production or packinghouse will be duction of the following quarantine eligible for export to the United States pests: Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiede- until APHIS and the NPPO of Peru mann), the South American fruit fly; conduct an investigation and appro- Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), the priate remedial actions have been im- Mediterranean fruit fly; Coccus viridis plemented. (Green), the green scale; Ferrisia (4) The NPPO of Peru must retain all malvastra (McDaniel), a mealybug; and forms and documents related to export Stenoma catenifer Walsingham, the avo- program activities in places of produc- cado seed moth. tion and packinghouses for at least 1 (a) General requirements. (1) The na- year and, as requested, provide them to tional plant protection organization APHIS for review. (NPPO) of Peru must provide a (c) Grove sanitation. Avocado fruit workplan to APHIS that details the ac- that has fallen from the trees must be tivities that the NPPO of Peru will, removed from each place of production subject to APHIS’ approval of the at least once every 7 days, starting 2 workplan, carry out to meet the re- months before harvest and continuing quirements of this section. The NPPO to the end of harvest. Fallen avocado of Peru must also establish a trust fruit may not be included in field con- fund in accordance with § 319.56–6. tainers of fruit brought to the packing- (2) The avocados must be grown at house to be packed for export. places of production that are registered (d) Surveys for S. catenifer. (1) Peru- with the NPPO of Peru and that meet vian departamentos in which avocados the requirements of this section. are grown for export to the United (3) The avocados must be packed for States must be surveyed by the NPPO export to the United States in packing- of Peru at least once annually, no more houses that are registered with the than 2 months before harvest begins, NPPO of Peru and that meet the re- and found to be free from infestation quirements of this section. by S. catenifer. APHIS must approve (4) Avocados from Peru may be im- the survey protocol used to determine ported in commercial consignments and maintain pest-free status and the only. actions to be performed if S. catenifer is (b) Monitoring and oversight. (1) The detected. Surveys must include rep- NPPO of Peru must visit and inspect resentative areas from all parts of each registered places of production month- registered place of production in each ly, starting at least 2 months before departamento. The NPPO of Peru must harvest and continuing until the end of cut and inspect a biometric sample of the shipping season, to verify that the fruit at a rate determined by APHIS. growers are complying with the re- Fruit sampled must be either from the quirements of paragraphs (c) and (e) of upper half of the tree or from the this section and follow pest control ground. Sampled fruit must be cut and guidelines, when necessary, to reduce examined for the presence of eggs and quarantine pest populations. Any per- larvae of S. catenifer in the pulp or seed sonnel conducting trapping and pest and for the presence of eggs in the ped- surveys under paragraph (d) of this sec- icel. tion must be trained and supervised by (2) If one or more S. catenifer is de- the NPPO of Peru. APHIS may monitor tected in the annual survey, or during the places of production if necessary. any other monitoring or inspection ac- (2) In addition to conducting fruit in- tivity, the affected place of production spections at the packinghouses, the will be immediately suspended from NPPO of Peru must monitor packing- the export program until appropriate house operations to verify that the measures to reestablish pest freedom, packinghouses are complying with the agreed upon by the NPPO of Peru and 353 VerDate Mar<15>2010 09:33 Feb 15, 2013 Jkt 229016 PO 00000 Frm 00363 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\229016.XXX 229016 rmajette on DSK2TPTVN1PROD with CFR § 319.56–51 7 CFR Ch. III (1–1–13 Edition) APHIS, have been taken. The NPPO of registration number of the place of pro- Peru must keep records of S. catenifer duction at which the avocados were detections for each orchard, update the grown and must identify the packing records each time the orchards are sur- shed or sheds in which the fruit was veyed, and make the records available processed and packed. This identifica- to APHIS inspectors upon request. The tion must be maintained until the fruit records must be maintained for at least is released for entry into the United 1 year after the beginning of the har- States. vest. (g) NPPO of Peru inspection. Fol- (e) Harvesting requirements. Harvested lowing any post-harvest processing, in- avocados must be placed in field car- spectors from the NPPO of Peru must tons or containers that are marked inspect a biometric sample of fruit with the official registration number of from each place of production at a rate the place of production. The place of to be determined by APHIS. The in- production where the avocados were spectors must visually inspect for the grown must remain identifiable when quarantine pests listed in the introduc- the fruit leaves the grove, at the pack- tory text of this section and must cut inghouse, and throughout the export fruit to inspect for S. catenifer. If any process. The fruit must be moved to a quarantine pests are detected in this registered packinghouse within 3 hours inspection, the place of production of harvest or must be protected from where the infested avocados were fruit fly infestation until moved. The grown will immediately be suspended fruit must be safeguarded by an insect- from the export program until an in- proof screen or plastic tarpaulin while vestigation has been conducted by in transit to the packinghouse and APHIS and the NPPO of Peru and ap- while awaiting packing. propriate mitigations have been imple- (f) Packinghouse requirements. (1) Dur- mented. ing the time registered packinghouses (h) Phytosanitary certificate. Each con- are in use for packing avocados for ex- signment of Hass avocados imported port to the United States, the packing- from Peru into the United States must houses may only accept avocados that be accompanied by a phytosanitary are from registered places of produc- certificate issued by the NPPO of Peru tion and that are produced in accord- with an additional declaration stating ance with the requirements of this sec- that the avocados in the consignment tion. were grown, packed, and inspected and (2) Avocados must be packed within found to be free of pests in accordance 24 hours of harvest in an insect-exclu- with the requirements of 7 CFR 319.56– sionary packinghouse. All openings to 50. the outside of the packinghouse must be covered by screening with openings (Approved by the Office of Management and of not more than 1.6 mm or by some Budget under control number 0579–0355) other barrier that prevents pests from [75 FR 11, Jan. 4, 2010, as amended at 76 FR entering. The packinghouse must have 43807, July 22, 2011] double doors at the entrance to the fa- cility and at the interior entrance to § 319.56–51 Shepherd’s purse with the area where the avocados are roots from the Republic of Korea. packed. Shepherd’s purse (Capsella bursa- (3) Before packing, all avocados must pastoris (L.) Medick) with roots from be cleaned of all plant debris. the Republic of Korea may be imported (4) Fruit must be packed in insect- only under the following conditions: proof packaging, or covered with in- (a) The shepherd’s purse with roots sect-proof mesh or a plastic tarpaulin, must be grown in a pest-free place of for transport to the United States. production that is registered with the These safeguards must remain intact national plant protection organization until arrival in the United States. (NPPO) of the Republic of Korea. (5) Shipping documents accom- Fields must be certified free of the panying consignments of avocados quarantine nematodes Hemicycliophora from Peru that are exported to the koreana, Paratylenchus pandus, United States must include the official Rotylenchus orientalis, and Rotylenchus 354 VerDate Mar<15>2010 09:33 Feb 15, 2013 Jkt 229016 PO 00000 Frm 00364 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\229016.XXX 229016 rmajette on DSK2TPTVN1PROD with CFR.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Stenoma Catenifer Walsingham
    Avocado Seed Moth Screening Aid Stenoma catenifer Walsingham Hanna R. Royals1, Todd M. Gilligan1 and Steven C. Passoa2 1) Identification Technology Program (ITP) / Colorado State University, USDA-APHIS-PPQ-Science & Technology (S&T), 2301 Research Boulevard, Suite 108, Fort Collins, Colorado 80526 U.S.A. (Emails: [email protected]; [email protected]) 2) USDA-APHIS-PPQ, USDA-FS Northern Forest Research Station and Ohio State University, 1315 Kinnear Road, Columbus, Ohio 43212 U.S.A. (Email: [email protected]) This CAPS (Cooperative Agricultural Pest Survey) screening aid produced for and distributed by: Version 2 20 January 2016 USDA-APHIS-PPQ National Identification Services (NIS) This and other identification resources are available at: http://caps.ceris.purdue.edu/taxonomic_services The avocado seed moth, Stenoma catenifer is one of the most important moth pests in avocado-growing regions of the world. Larvae feed on fruit flesh and burrow into the seed, producing large amounts of frass and causing the fruits to drop from the tree prematurely. Larval damage renders the fruits unfit for commercial sale, leading to significant economic losses. The avocado seed moth has only been recorded as feeding on members of the Lauraceae family, with Persea americana (avocado) as the major host and other secondary hosts: P. schiedeana (coyo), wild Persea spp., and Beilschmedia spp. California accounts for the majority of avocado production in the U.S., followed by Florida and Hawaii. Stenoma catenifer is a small moth with few distinguishing features Fig. 1. Dorsal (top) and ventral (bottom) as an adult.
    [Show full text]
  • Palomilla Barrenadora Del Aguacate Stenoma Catenifer Walsingham (Lepidoptera: Elachistidae)
    DIRECCIÓN GENERAL DE SANIDAD VEGETAL CENTRO NACIONAL DE REFERENCIA FITOSANITARIA FICHA TÉCNICA Palomilla barrenadora del aguacate Stenoma catenifer Walsingham (Lepidoptera: Elachistidae) Créditos: Hoddle, 2013. GRUPO ESPECIALISTA FITOSANITARIO DIRECCIÓN GENERAL DE SANIDAD VEGETAL CENTRO NACIONAL DE REFERENCIA FITOSANITARIA CONTENIDO IDENTIDAD ..............................................................................................................................................................1 Nombre científico..................................................................................................................................................1 Clasificación taxonómica ......................................................................................................................................1 Nombres comunes................................................................................................................................................1 Código EPPO .......................................................................................................................................................1 SITUACIÓN EN MÉXICO .........................................................................................................................................1 DISTRIBUCIÓN ........................................................................................................................................................1 HOSPEDANTES.......................................................................................................................................................1
    [Show full text]
  • Stenoma Catenifer
    Stenoma catenifer Scientific Name Stenoma catenifer Walsingham, 1912 Synonyms: None Common Name(s) Avocado seed moth, avocado borer, avocado moth, avocado seed worm Figure 1. Stenoma catenifer adult. Image taken in Guatemala (Mark Hoddle, Department of Entomology, University of California Type of Pest Riverside). Moth, borer Taxonomic Position Class: Insecta, Order: Lepidoptera, Family: Elachistidae (Also placed in Stenomidae, Oecophoridae and most recently in Depressariidae (S. Passoa, personal communication, 2015)). Reason for Inclusion Additional Pests of Concern 2013 Pest Description Eggs: “Light green when first laid, oval, 0.6 by 0.4 mm with corium transparent at first then cream colored” (USDA, 1980). The texture of the chorion is “reticulate with longitudinal grooves resembling irregular hexagons” (USDA, 1980). Larvae: “Fully grown larval length 20 – 25 mm [about 2 cm]. Body creamy white when newly emerged, becoming light rose by the 3rd instar. The dorsal side becomes violet and the ventral side, greenish [turquoise] blue by the 5th instar. Head light brown, turning black by the 5th instar with blackish eyespots and mandibles. Thoracic shield light brown with darker brown anterior edge. Figure 2. Stenoma catenifer eggs on an avocado branch. Image taken in Body light fuscous with blackish brown tubercles, Guatemala (Mark Hoddle, Department of prolegs with complete circle of alternating long and Entomology, University of California Riverside). Last update: February 2016 1 short crochets, abdominal segment 8 with spiracle high up on dorsum, anal shield dark brown” (USDA, 1980). Gilligan and Passoa (2014) diagnosed S. catenifer in their key to intercepted lepidopteran larvae as having a large prespiracular shield extending below the spiracle on the prothorax; the SV group bisetose on A1; A1-8 with SD1 and SD2 on the same pinaculum; A3-6 with the crochets in a biordinal to weakly triordinal complete circle; A8 with L3 above L1 and L2 and A9 with the the D1 and D2 setae on same pinaculum.
    [Show full text]
  • Moth Species Captured with the Sex Pheromone of Stenoma Catenifer (Lepidoptera: Elachistidae) in Avocado Plantations of Southern Mexico
    Castillo et al.: Moth Species Captured with Stenoma catenifer Sex Pheromone 1111 MOTH SPECIES CAPTURED WITH THE SEX PHEROMONE OF STENOMA CATENIFER (LEPIDOPTERA: ELACHISTIDAE) IN AVOCADO PLANTATIONS OF SOUTHERN MEXICO ALFREDO CASTILLO*, LEOPOLDO CRUZ-LOPEZ AND JAIME GÓMEZ El Colegio de la Frontera Sur (ECOSUR), Carretera Antiguo Aeropuerto km 2.5. Tapachula, 30700 Chiapas, Mexico *Corresponding author; E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT Moth species trapped using the sex pheromone of Stenoma catenifer (LaSalle) as a lure, were registered at 2 commercial avocado orchards (one consisting of “Hass” and other of “Criollo”) and in wild “Criollo” avocado trees in southern Mexico. Traps were maintained for 1 mo in two seasons (dry and wet) on avocado trees under these 3 production conditions, changing the baits each season. Weekly observations registered no moths in the traps placed in the commercial “Hass” avocado orchard, in contrast to the other 2 sites, where Stenoma cateni- fer and Antaeotricha nictitans males were captured. Stenoma catenifer adults were always observed at the commercial “Criollo” orchard and wild “Criollo” avocado trees during the dry season (fructification period), but never in the wet season (non fruiting period). Under wild conditions A. nictitans was captured during both dry and wet seasons; however, it was never captured during the dry season at the commercial “Criollo” orchard. Populations of both moth species were similar -S. catenifer: 0.3 (wild trees) to 0.7 (orchard); and A. nicti- tans: 0.6 (wild trees) moth/trap/wk- during the dry season, and no differences were observed per species at each locality. The total number of captures per site during the fruiting season decreased significantly -0.9 (1st wk) to 0.2(4th wk) moth/trap/wk- during the observation period.
    [Show full text]
  • Technical Bulletin
    TechnicalInformation Technology Bulletin Solutionsfor: Avocado Seed Moth Stenoma catenifer (Walsingham) • Lepidoptera, Depressariidae • STECAT Argentina, Colombia, El Salvador, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Mexico, Peru, and DISTRIBUTION Venezuela. Has also been recorded in Brazil and the Galápagos Islands HOSTS Avocado and other species of Laurel. DESCRIPTION Moths are light tan color, and wings are marked with numerous black spots. Adult females are about 15 mm in length (tip of head to tip of wings) when in the resting position with wings folded Adult across the dorsum. Wing span for females with forewings fully spread is around 28–30 mm in breadth. Males tend to be slightly smaller (2–3 mm shorter) than females and are similarly colored Fully grown larval length 20 – 25 mm. Body creamy white when newly emerged, becoming light rose by the 3rd instar. The dorsal side becomes violet and the ventral side, greenish blue by the Larvae 5th instar. Head light brown, turning black by the 5th instar with blackish eyespots and mandibles. Light green when first laid, oval, 0.6 by 0.4 mm with corium transparent at first then cream Eggs colored. Laid in total from 180-240. Adults are active at night. Females oviposit on either the fruit crevices or on branches near where the fruit is attached. Larvae hatch in 5-6 days and tunnel into fruit pulp, feeding on the LIFE HISTORY seeds, which may be devoured in 20 days, or young branches, twigs and stems. After 21-28 days, larvae drop to the ground to pupate. The entire life cycle lasts 44-49 days.
    [Show full text]
  • Avocado Seed Moth, Stenoma Catenifer Walsingham (Lepidoptera: Elachistidae) in Queretaro, Mexico
    ISSN 0065-1737 Acta Zoológica MexicanaActa Zool. (n.s.), Mex. 27(2): (n.s.) 501-504 27(2) (2011) Nota Científica (Short Communication) AVOCADO SEED MOTH, STENOMA CATENIFER WALSINGHAM (LEPIDOPTERA: ELACHISTIDAE) IN QUERETARO, MEXICO Palacios Torres, R.E., M. Ramírez-Del Ángel., E. Uribe-González., D. Granados-Escamilla, J Romero-Castañeda & J. Valdez-Carrasco. 2011. La palomilla barrenadora del aguacate Stenoma catenifer Walsingham (Lepidoptera: Elachistidae) en Querétaro, México. Acta Zoológica Mexicana (n. s.), 27(2): 501-504. ABSTRACT. The avocado seed moth, Stenoma catenifer Walsingham, is recorded for the first time in the State of Queretaro, Mexico. Aspects about its habits and behavior are described. Documented knowledge on the avocado seed moth, S. catenifer, begins with its taxonomic description with specimens from Coatepeque, Guatemala, and Volcan de Chiriqui, Panama, at the beginning of the past century (Walsingham 1909). This document also includes specimens collected from Presidio, Mexico. Various other documents make reference to several aspects of this species in Mexico, such as, its morphological description, the damage that it causes in avocado fruits, habits and behavior, geographical distribution, and control measures (Mendez 1961, Garcia et al.1967, Acevedo et al.1972, Comision Nacional de Fruticultura 1973). The geo- graphical distribution of this moth in Mexico includes the States of Chiapas, Colima, Guerrero, Nuevo Leon, Oaxaca, Tamaulipas, and Veracruz (Acevedo et al. 1972). Wolfenbarger & Colburn (1979) observed
    [Show full text]
  • Memorias De Avances De
    0 MEMORIAS DE AVANCES DE INVESTIGACIÓN POSGRADO EN FITOSANIDAD 2019 COLEGIO DE POSTGRADUADOS CAMPUS MONTECILLO EDITORES OBDULIA LOURDES SEGURA LEON REMIGIO ANASTACIO GUZMÁN PLAZOLA MARCO ANTONIO MAGALLANES TAPIA GONZALO ESPINOSA VÁSQUEZ COMITÉ ORGANIZADOR REMIGIO ANASTACIO GUZMÁN PLAZOLA OBDULIA LOURDES SEGURA LEÓN MARCO ANTONIO MAGALLANES TAPIA GONZALO ESPINOSA VÁSQUEZ COORDINACIÓN DE DIFUSIÓN CLAUDIA CONTRERAS ORTÍZ DISEÑO DE PORTADA JORGE VALDEZ CARRASCO Montecillo, Texcoco, México, 15 de noviembre de 2019 0 AVANCES DE INVESTIGACIÓN - POSGRADO EN FITOSANIDAD 2019 PRESENTACIÓN El evento de Avances de Investigación, tuvo su origen en 1990, como una iniciativa dentro del entonces Instituto de Fitosanidad, ahora Posgrado en Fitosanidad. En 2019, se cumplen 28 años de su inicio y por primera vez; estos se unen al festejo del 60 aniversario de la creación de los Programas que le dieron su origen: Fitopatología y Entomología, en 1959. El evento de presentación de los avances de investigación del Posgrado en Fitosanidad tiene diferentes objetivos académicos, entre estos: a) que los estudiantes de maestría y doctorado próximos a graduarse como maestros o doctores en ciencias expongan, de forma oral, los trabajos de investigación que desarrollan; b) que obtengan experiencia para presentase ante un público académico experto en el área; c) favorecer la interacción académica entre las diferentes áreas de la Fitosanidad y del Colegio de Postgraduados y d) conocer los avances científicos y tecnológicos que se desarrollan en favor de la protección
    [Show full text]
  • Impacts of Deforestation on Mosquito Community Dynamics
    IMPACTS OF DEFORESTATION ON MOSQUITO COMMUNITY DYNAMICS Hayley Louise Brant Imperial College London Centre for Environmental Policy, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, SL5 7PY, UK Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy September 2015 2 Declaration of Originality I hereby certify that all content of this thesis is my original research and collaborations with other researchers are fully acknowledged. The experimental design, data collection and analysis of Chapter 5 was completed jointly with Borame Dickens, a fellow researcher at the Centre for Environmental Policy. We both contributed equally to this chapter. Hayley Brant Names of supervisors Professor John Mumford Dr Robert Ewers Copyright declaration The copyright of this thesis rests with the author and is made available under a Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives licence. Researchers are free to copy, distribute or transmit the thesis on the condition that they attribute it, that they do not use it for commercial purposes and that they do not alter, transform or build upon it. For any reuse or redistribution, researchers must make clear to others the licence terms of this work. 3 Abstract Human-induced land use changes, including deforestation, agricultural encroachment and urbanisation, have caused widespread change in the global distribution of organisms and caused considerable declines in biodiversity through loss of habitat. Oil palm is one of the most rapidly expanding crops in Southeast Asia, but the impact of this crop on mosquito distribution, behaviour and exposure potential has been poorly explored. Understanding these factors is essential for developing, optimising and evaluating novel control measures aimed at reducing disease-transmission.
    [Show full text]
  • Critical (Temperature) Thresholds and Climate Change Impacts/Adaptation in Horticulture
    Project Number :- QP1005130 (1/5/2011) Project Title :- Critical (temperature) thresholds and climate change impacts/adaptation in horticulture. Author(s) Name :- Peter Deuter et al. Research Provider :- Department of Employment Economic Development and Innovation (DEEDI), Queensland Project Number :- QP1005130 Project Leader :- Peter Deuter Senior Principal Horticulturist AgriScience Queensland Department of Employment Economic Development and Innovation Gatton Research Station Warrego Highway, Gatton Queensland 4343 Phone – (07) 5466 2222 Mobile – (0407) 636 907 Email – [email protected] Key Personnel :- Dr Neil White, Principal Research Scientist, Department of Employment Economic Development and Innovation, Toowoomba, Queensland. David Putland, Climate Change Officer, Growcom, Brisbane. Rachel Mackenzie, Chief Advocate, Growcom, Brisbane. Jane Muller, Senior Research and Policy Officer, Growcom, Brisbane. Purpose of the report :- Final Report documenting critical temperature thresholds for major horticultural commodities in Australia Funding sources :- Woolworths, Landcare, Horticulture Australia Limited, Queensland Government Collaborating institutions :- Date of the report :- 5th May 2011 Disclaimer: Any recommendations contained in this publication do not necessarily represent current HAL Limited policy. No person should act on the basis of the contents of this publication, whether as to matters of fact or opinion or other content, without first obtaining specific, independent professional advice in respect of the matters
    [Show full text]
  • DNA Barcodes for Bio-Surveillance
    Genome DNA Barcodes for Bio -surveillance: Regulated and Economically Important Arthropod Plant Pests Journal: Genome Manuscript ID gen-2016-0024.R2 Manuscript Type: Review Date Submitted by the Author: 16-Jul-2016 Complete List of Authors: Ashfaq, Muhammad; University of Guelph Biodiversity Institute of Ontario Hebert, Paul; Biodiversity Institute of Ontario, species identification,Draft cryptic taxa, invasive species, quarantine, pest Keyword: management https://mc06.manuscriptcentral.com/genome-pubs Page 1 of 73 Genome DNA Barcodes for Bio-surveillance: Regulated and Economically Important Arthropod Plant Pests Muhammad Ashfaq* and Paul D.N. Hebert Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, Biodiversity Institute of Ontario, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada * Corresponding author: Draft Muhammad Ashfaq Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, Biodiversity Institute of Ontario, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada Email: [email protected] Phone: (519) 824-4120 Ext. 56393 1 https://mc06.manuscriptcentral.com/genome-pubs Genome Page 2 of 73 Abstract Many of the arthropod species that are important pests of agriculture and forestry are impossible to discriminate morphologically throughout all of their life stages. Some cannot be differentiated at any life stage. Over the past decade, DNA barcoding has gained increasing adoption as a tool to both identify known species and to reveal cryptic taxa. Although there has not been a focused effort to develop a barcode library for them, reference sequences are now available for 77% of the 409 species of arthropods documented on major pest databases. Aside from developing the reference library needed to guide specimen identifications, past barcode studies have revealed that a significant fraction of arthropod pests are a complex of allied taxa.
    [Show full text]
  • Key to Frequently Named Lepidopteran Larvae Intercepted, Or Potentially Encountered, at Us Ports
    KEY TO FREQUENTLY NAMED LEPIDOPTERAN LARVAE INTERCEPTED, OR POTENTIALLY ENCOUNTERED, AT US PORTS S. C. Passoa, 2014 This key is designed to identify the most frequently named Lepidoptera at United States ports of entry as of 2013. Because many species cannot be named (early instars or poorly studied groups), it is not a given that this key has all the most frequently intercepted taxa. Some genera may regularly intercepted but unrecognized. The huge variety of early instar Noctuidae/Erebidae is a good example of this problem. There are many other taxa in this category. Trade patterns are constantly changing over time, users should expect a need to delete or add species to this key in the future. Good comprehensive larval keys exist (Carter and Kristensen 1998, Stehr 1987) but as a rule they are too long and complicated for the volume of material we get in APHIS. Also, they rarely go past family. This key is a compromise between the need to for precision and speed. Thus, a good collection and detailed understanding of larval morphology is assumed and required. All of the references cited in the LepIntercept fact sheets need to be part of any port library. This document serves as a blanket recommendation for their purchase or copying costs from the APHIS Lepidoptera specialist to any port needing a justification. This key assumes eventual full access to the appropriate literature. Getting this information needs to be a priority for ports frequently intercepting larval Lepidoptera. Many of the copyrighted books are never going to be "on-line" and go out of print relatively fast.
    [Show full text]
  • Proactive IPM of the Big Avocado Seed Weevil, Heilipus Lauri (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
    California By Mark S. Hoddle AvoTech Department of Entomology, UC Riverside Proactive IPM of the Big Avocado Seed Weevil, Heilipus lauri (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Aeration chambers in quarantine set up to capture H. lauri aggregation pheromones. vocados, an iconic specialty ity of this industry (Hoddle 2006). The Vildózola, et al. 2017; Luna et al. 2017; crop grown in California, are avocado seed moth, S. catenifer, was the Vallejo et al. 2014). Around 60% of native to parts of México, and subject of a proactive Integrated Pest Hass fruit have been reported as be- ACentral and South America, where as- Management project sponsored by the ing damaged by H. lauri in unmanaged sociated native insect biodiversity is California Avocado Commission. This orchards in Morelos, México (Medina high. In contrast, the biodiversity of multi-year project, run primarily in 2005), while in Colombia, damage lev- the arthropod fauna associated with Guatemala and Peru, resulted in iden- els in managed Hass orchards average avocados in California is low, consist- tification of this moth’s sex pheromone, 4-8% (Caicedo et al. 2010). ing primarily of about four invasive pest optimization of its field use (Hoddle et Adult H. lauri feed on leaves and species of insects (red banded whitefly, al. 2011), and development of natural young stems but don’t reproduce on avocado thrips, and avocado lace bug) enemy inventories and life table quan- these structures. Female seed feeding and mites (persea mite) that primarily tification of their impacts (Hoddle and weevils lay eggs inside holes they drill feed on leaves (Hoddle 2006). Hoddle 2008; 2012).
    [Show full text]