Resettlement Planning Document

Short Resettlement Plan – Constructing 20.15 Km of 11KV OH Line In the Mavelikkara Division of KSEB Document Stage: Final Project Number: 39114-01 January 2009

INDIA: Tsunami Emergency Assistance (Sector) Project

Prepared by Kerala State Electricity Board (KSEB), Government of Kerala for the Asian Development Bank (ADB)

The resettlement plan is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB’s Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature.

Executive Summary of the Short Resettlement Plan

A Description of the Project

The tsunami of 26 December 2004 was a terrible calamity resulting in serious loss of lives and livelihoods in the coastal areas of the three states of Tamilnadu, Kerala, Andhra Pradesh and the Andaman Nicobar Islands. Further, the disaster devastated all infrastructures including the network of electric supply. To remedy the havoc wreaked to the vital installations supplying electricity to the area and to enhance the distribution system, Kerala State Electricity Board has proposed to construct 20.15 Kms of 11 KV OH line and install 18 transformers in four packages in the Electrical Division of Mavelikkara in Kerala under the Tsunami Emergency Assistance Project (TEAP) funded by the Asian Development Bank (ADB). Incidentally these four packages fall within Alappuzha district which is the mostly thickly populated coastal district in Kerala. The four packages are:

1) Constructing 6.75 Km of 11 KV Line and installing two transformers (Package No.30) 2) Constructing 4.8 Km of 11 KV Line and installing eight transformers (Package No.31) 3) Constructing 4.8 Km of 11 KV Line and installing three transformers (Package No.32) 4) Constructing 3.8 Km of 11 KV Line and installing five transformers (Package No.34) B Scope of Land acquisition, impacts and profile of AHs

Implementation of the project involves no land acquisition as the whole length of the OH line is constructed along the PWD and Panchayat roads. It neither affects any squatters either displacing from their livelihood. However, this sub project, split into four packages, requires cutting of 564 trees belonging to 227 households. On close examination it is found that 292 of the trees to be cut have impact on the livelihood of the 164 households, while the remaining trees do not have any significant relationship to the livelihood of people other than providing a natural fence between the road and the property of the household. C Objectives of the Short Resettlement Plan

This short resettlement plan is prepared in accordance with ADB’s policy on involuntary resettlement that aims at (i) avoiding involuntary resettlement wherever feasible; (ii) minimizing resettlement where population displacement is unavoidable by choosing alternative viable project options; and (iii) where livelihood is negatively impacted, to ensure that affected people receive assistance, preferably under the project, so that they will be at least as well off as they would have been in the absence of the project.

D Gender Impacts and Mitigation Measures

The women in the coastal area will benefit directly by the proposed project as access to electricity provides clean energy to light the house and to operate the appliances they use at home as electricity has become a synonym for everyday life. It will also benefit school going (female) children in their study at home, to iron their dress, listen to electronic media for learning and entertainment. Thus electricity will be a boon to all particularly in improving their standard of living.

1 E Resettlement Principles and Policy Framework

The resettlement principles adopted for this subproject recognize the State Land Acquisition (LA) Act 1976 (amendment) and the entitlement benefits as listed in the National Policy on R&R, (Govt of India) as notified in February 2004 and the relevant Asian Development Bank’s (ADB) policies and operations manuals, in particular the policy on Involuntary Resettlement (1995), Operations Manual F2 on Involuntary Resettlement (2003) and agreed resettlement policy framework (2005).

The SRP is based on the findings of the survey, field visits, and meetings with various project-affected persons in the subproject area. Taking into account the various losses, the Entitlement Matrix provides for compensation to all affected persons in the subproject area. In general terms, the people affected by the Project will be entitled to the following types of compensation and assistance –

Since in this sub project, there is no land acquisition and displacement of structures or squatters, and the impact is limited to loss of trees, compensation is worked out taking into account the yield of each productive tree and its span of life. Personnel of the statistics department assessed the loss systematically and carefully in consultation with the affected persons. A detailed Entitlement Matrix for the subproject is provided.

F Stakeholder Participation and Disclosure of RP

Local level stakeholders were consulted in the subproject area while conducting initial social and poverty assessment. Similarly, due consideration was also given for Stakeholder consultations and community participation at different levels during planning of the designing and planning of the project and particularly before the preparation of the SRP. Executive summary of the short RP will be translated into Malayalam language and made available to the affected people by the implementing agency (IA) for review and comments on the policy and mitigation measures by means of subproject-level disclosure meetings prior to disbursements. Copies of the short RP will also be made available to the people at the local public offices such as grama panchayats, village offices, Section office of KSEB. The final SRP will also be disclosed on the ADB Website and DMD/TEAP website of the Kerala state.

In addition, a Public Consultation and Disclosure Plan has been prepared for the project and is enclosed as Annexure-2.

G Implementation Arrangements, Grievance Redressal and IR

Disaster Management Department (DMD) will be the Executing Agency (EA). Through its project management unit (PMU) it will be responsible for overall coordination, planning, implementation, monitoring, and financing of all resettlement and rehabilitation activities. DMD, through the PMU and through KSEB, will implement the SRP for each subproject. Fortunately, this sub project has no impact on indigenous peoples.

A Grievance Redressal Committee (GRC) will be established at KSE Board level with the primary objective of providing a mechanism to mediate conflict and disputes concerning compensation payments and to cut down on lengthy litigation. The GRC will be constituted with the commencement of the process of disclosure of assistance and will comprise of local NGOs, representatives of affected persons including women and

2 vulnerable groups and department representatives. The Committee will also establish the assistance to be provided to affected persons based on the prevailing rates to restore the pre-project levels of livelihoods. Affected persons will also be supported through the livelihoods programs under the subproject (training, capacity building, and entrepreneurship development) for restarting or new income-generating activities.

The PMU will submit the SRP for ADB review and approval, and will ensure that affected persons will receive their entitlements and compensation before the end of March 2009. All compensation will be paid to the entitled APs as per detailed implementation schedule provided.

H Budget

The total estimated cost for the restoration of lost livelihood resource by the subproject is about Rs.1,855,791/- or say Rs.1.86 million (US$.38,542 approximately @ Rs.48.15/US$ as on 15.1.2009).

I Training, Monitoring and Evaluation

An orientation on resettlement management will be provided to the KSEB staff by the Social Development and Resettlement Specialist on the policies and principles agreed under the ADB loan; (ii) public consultation and participation; (iii) entitlements and compensation disbursement mechanisms; (iv) Grievance redressal and (vi) monitoring of resettlement operation.

The SRP will have both internal and external monitoring. Internal Monitoring will be a regular activity for PMU. The PMU will conduct regular internal monitoring of the implementation and prepare quarterly progress reports for submission to ADB.

An independent agency/monitoring expert may be engaged by the DMD/PMU in agreement with ADB to undertake the external monitoring of the subproject implementation. This expert will submit its reports biannually via PMU to ADB.

3 Draft Short Resettlement Plan

A. Description of the Project

1 Government of Kerala proposed to reconstruct 11 KV electric line covering a distance of 20.15 kilometers and install 18 transformers under the Tsunami Emergency Assistance Project (TEAP) funded by the Asian Development Bank (ADB). The project will benefit 25,572 households covering 111,412 people in five coastal villages of Alappuzha district ravaged by the tsunami that struck the Kerala coast on 26 December 2004.

2. The objective of constructing 11 KV electric line as part of TEAP is to restore the vital lifeline of electric supply to the residences, institutions and establishments and to maximize the infrastructure facilities and thereby improve the standard of life of the people.

3 In line with the ADBs sector assistance project for Kerala under the Tsunami Emergency Assistance Project, construction and rehabilitation works are being carried out as far as possible within the original right-of-way. No land acquisition is involved in this sub project. However, in the process of implementing the project some households have been impacted due to clearing the way for drawing the 11 KV electric lines by cutting the trees that spread into the right-of-way for safety of the lines and security of the people who live around. Table 1: Project Components

Length of 11 Number of Sl. Part and Package KV line in Transformers Name of Villages covered No Number kilometres installed Thrikkunnapuzha and 1 I (030) 6.750 2 Karthikapally

2 II (031) 4.800 8 Arattupuzha

Karthikapally, Chingol, 3 III (032) 4.800 3 Kumarapuram and Thrikkunnapuzha Thrikunnappuzha, 4 IV (034) 3.800 5 Arattupuzha,Chingoli and Karthikapally,

Total 20.150 18 Five villages 6 Source: Kerala State Electricity Board , GoK, 2008

4. In line with ADBs operational manual on involuntary resettlement and rehabilitation framework for TEAP, the KSEB of Government of Kerala (GoK), the Implementing Agency (IA), has prepared this short resettlement plan (RP) in assistance with local independent consultant. This short RP identifies the broad scope of the project and outlines the policy, extent of impact, compensation and other support measures for affected persons and institutional requirements for the implementation.

5. TEAP is a project of the Disaster Management Department (DMD) of the Government of Kerala, under which a Project Management Unit (PMU) headed by the Director. The PMU is responsible for overall coordination, planning, implementation, monitoring and financing all resettlement and rehabilitation activities under the project.

4 Implementing agency of this subproject being the KSEB, its Team Leader is the Chief Engineer. As the Executive Engineer of the Mavelikkara Electrical Division is the person responsible for implementation of the project at the Division, he is designated Resettlement and Rehabilitation Officer (RRO). The Executive Engineer will report to the Chief Engineer (Team Leader).

B. Definitions and Terminologies

6. The definitions of key terminologies or concepts used in this resettlement plan are as follows.

• Affected Person includes any people, households, firms, or private institutions who, on account of changes that result from the project will have their (i) standard of living adversely affected; (ii) right, title, or interest in any house, land (including residential, commercial, agricultural, forest, and/or grazing land), water resources, or any other moveable or fixed assets acquired, possessed, restricted, or otherwise adversely affected, in full or in part, permanently or temporarily; and/or (iii) business, occupation, place of work or residence, or habitat adversely affected, with or without displacement. • Compensation means compensation paid for the property under the Land Acquisition Act, 1894 or through private negotiation based on specific government order. • Encroacher is any person(s) illegally occupying public property by extending their land boundary or a portion of their building onto the RoW. • Involuntary resettlement addresses social and economic impacts that are permanent or temporary and are (i) caused by acquisition of land and other fixed assets, (ii) by change in the use of land, or (iii) restrictions imposed on land as a result of an ADB operation. • Land Acquisition means the process through which land and properties are acquired for the purpose of project construction. • Major impacts are defined as involving affected people being physically displaced from housing and/or having 10% or more of their productive, income generating assets lost. • Owners are persons who have legal title to structures, land or other assets. These property owners are entitled to compensation under the Land Acquisition Act of 1894. • Project Affected Family/Household means a family consisting of father, mother, children living together with common kitchen and are affected by the project, irrespective of their legal status resulting in loss of homestead, other assets, sources of income / livelihood, common assets and cultural properties. • Rehabilitation means the measures provided under the resettlement plan other than payment of the compensation of acquired property. • Replacement cost means the method of valuing assets to replace the loss at market value, or its nearest equivalent, plus any transaction costs such as administrative charges, taxes, registration, and titling costs. Where national law does not meet this standard the replacement cost will be supplemented as necessary. Replacement cost is based on market value before the project or dispossession, whichever is higher. In the absence of functioning markets, a compensation structure is required that enables affected people to restore their

5 livelihoods to levels at least equivalent to those maintained at the time of dispossession, displacement, or restricted access. • Resettlement means all the measures taken to mitigate all or any adverse impacts of the project on the APs property and/or livelihoods including compensation, relocation (where relevant), and rehabilitation. • Squatter is any person occupying structures entirely within the ROW (with no legal rights to occupy that parcel of land) for residential or business purposes. • Tenant is any person by whom or on whose account rent is payable for any property. • Vulnerable people are the poorest affected people and groups that may be at high risk of impoverishment. This may include those without legal title to land or other assets, households headed by females, the elderly or disabled and other vulnerable groups, particularly indigenous people/scheduled tribes.

C. Scope of Land Acquisition and Resettlement

7. Implementation of the project is along the existing roads owned by PWD and Panchayats and therefore does not require land acquisition. As there are no squatters impacted along the route, there is no displacement of people, structures or establishments. However, a number of trees that cover the route where electric lines are drawn required to be cut to ensure safety of the line and security of the people.

8. Marking of the trees to be removed was done from 20th February 2008 to 31st July 2008. Individual notices were issued between March 1, 2008 and 30th August 2008. Detailed survey and assessment took place from 7.3.2008 to 5.9.2008. This was followed by individual reports of the affected persons and verification of ownership and extent of loss by the Engineers of KSEB in the presence of the affected persons, making the process transparent and facilitating consensus on compensation.

Table 2: Table 2: Distribution of AHs (Title holders) by magnitude of impact

Number of Number of APs Part and Package Sl No Name of Villages covered affected persons with impact on Number (APs) their livelihood Thrikkunnapuzha and 1 I (030) Karthikapally 47 31

2 II (031) Arattupuzha 69 47

Karthikapally, Chingol, 3 III (032) Kumarapuram and 74 61 Thrikkunnapuzha Thrikunnappuzha, 4 IV (034) Arattupuzha,Chingoli and 37 25 Karthikapally,

Total Five villages 227 164 6

Source: Kerala State Electricity Board , GoK – 2008

9. Although a total of 227 households were affected by the subproject by cutting of their trees, only 164 have any impact on their livelihood. The fruit bearing trees fetch an income and the family use some of the produce for their own consumption thus they are directly linked to the livelihood of the family. The other affected trees are relatively

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smaller in size and planted at the boundary of the property as a natural fence which provide shade and serve as firewood in due course. Package-wise details of the tees being removed are given in the following table.

Table 3: List of affected trees

Sl. Type of the affected trees Part I II III IV Total No. 1 Yielding coconut trees 22 65 90 51 228 2 Yielding mango trees 11 3 12 2 28 3 Yielding areca trees 6 1 0 3 10 4 Yielding cashew trees 0 0 8 0 8 5 Yielding tamarind trees 0 3 4 0 7 6 Papaya trees 0 6 2 0 8 7 Pepper 0 0 2 0 2 8 Muringa (Drumstick tree) 0 0 0 1 1 Other sundry trees of firewood 9 53 73 100 47 292 value TOTAL 92 150 218 104 564 Source: Household survey of March 2008

10. Apart from the yielding trees which are part and parcel of the livelihood system of the affected families, the other trees are planted by the people along their boundary lines as natural fence. A vast majority of these are very small and the average girth is around 30 centimeters.

11. As the affected number of persons is less than 200 which is considered non- significant, this project is typed as Category-B. Hence the resettlement plan prepared is a short one (SRP).

D. Objectives of the Short Resettlement Plan

12. This short resettlement plan is prepared in accordance with ADBs policy on involuntary resettlement that aims at (i) avoiding involuntary resettlement wherever feasible; (ii) minimizing resettlement where population displacement is unavoidable by choosing alternative viable project options; and (iii) where involuntary resettlement is unavoidable, to ensure that affected people receive assistance, preferably under the project, so that they will be at least as well off as they would have been in the absence of the project.

13. This short RP briefly describes the findings of the household survey, identifies the nature and types of losses, and provides for payment of compensation and resettlement benefits as per the entitlement matrix developed for TEAP and the institutional arrangement for implementation.

14. Although the owner is entitled to receive a grant equal to market value of crop lost for 10 years plus cost of replacement of seeds according to the ADB approved entitlement framework, the AH is better off with the conventional practice in KSE Board. For KSEB takes into account the life span of the yield of a tree or the crop lost for 20 years. Thus the resettlement and rehabilitation practice of KSEB is more beneficial to the people than the ADB approved entitlement framework.

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E. Gender Impacts and Mitigation Measures

15. The women will directly benefit by the proposed sub project as it would provide them clean energy to light the house, power the domestic appliances, like fan, iron, mixie, and to operate radio and TV for information, education and entertainment. It will also benefit school going female children in their study. Thus quality of life of women is expected to improve. 16. An interaction with the AHs indicated that a coconut tree has a significant place in the livelihood of the coastal people as the yielding tree provides food, fuel and thatch and women are struggling to cope with these demands. Those with space to replant a tree away from the new over head electric line would go in for new and improved varieties. Most of them plan to use the compensation they get from KSEB to invest in income generation activities promoted by Kudumbashree, the self-help groups of women in Kerala. Thus the sub project is instrumental in evolving a new gender dimension in the utilization of the compensation. Hence the AP will be adequately supported in this RP so as to restore her earlier standard of living. F. Stakeholder Participation and Disclosure of RP

17. Local level stakeholders were consulted in the subproject area while conducting initial social and poverty assessment. Similarly, due consideration was also given for Stakeholder consultations and community participation at different levels during the designing and planning of the project and particularly before the preparation of the SRP. Executive summary of the short RP will be translated into Malayalam language and made available to the affected people by the implementing agency (IA) for review and comments on the policy and mitigation measures by means of subproject-level disclosure meetings prior to disbursements. Copies of the short RP will also be made available to the people at the local public offices such as grama panchayats, village offices and section office of the KSEB. The final SRP will also be disclosed on the ADB website and DMD/TEAP website of the Kerala state.

G. Resettlement Principles and Policy Framework

18. The National Policy on Resettlement and Rehabilitation (NPRR) provides broad guidelines and executive instructions and will be applicable to projects displacing 500 families or more in flat lands and 250 families or more in hilly areas. The NPRR requires projects to (i) minimize displacement and identify non-displacing or least-displacing alternatives; (ii) plan the resettlement and rehabilitation of project-affected families including special needs of tribal and vulnerable sections; (iii) provide a better standard of living to project-affected families; and (iv) facilitate harmonious relationships between the requiring body and project-affected families through mutual cooperation.

19. While the NPRR recognizes most of the significant resettlement principles in the Asian Development Bank’s (ADB) Involuntary Resettlement Policy (IRP), the NPRR does not meet some of the IRP’s safeguards. First, the NPRR’s threshold of applicability is limited to land acquisitions for highways, railway lines, transmission lines, and pipelines. Second, each project-affected family will be offered an ex-gratia payment of Rs10,000/- and no other resettlement and rehabilitation benefits. Third, replacement value is not clearly defined and is not taken into account in calculating lump-sum compensation. Fourth, no specific entitlements are available for squatters and encroachers.

8 20. Based on these state laws and regulation on land acquisition, the ADB IRP and the NPRR, the following resettlement principles will be applied to all TEAP subprojects: a) land acquisition and other involuntary resettlement impacts will be minimized as much as possible; b) wherever possible, Government land will be utilized which is free from encumbrances and will not include land that is squatted upon; c) those affected will be informed and consulted on compensation options and in formulating the RPs in accordance with the agreed RF; d) land and other property compensation will be paid at replacement costs; e) payment of compensation for lost land, housing, assets, and other resettlement assistance will be given in full before awarding civil contracts; f) compensation at replacement cost and resettlement assistance will be given to all non-titled people affected (e.g., informal dwellers/squatters, and encroachers) before acquiring land and their properties; g) all those affected will receive assistance to restore their income and to rehabilitate their livelihood; and h) special assistance will be given to households headed by women and other vulnerable groups.

21. Thus, the resettlement principles adopted for this subproject recognize the entitlement benefits as listed in the National Policy on R&R, (Govt of India) as notified in February 2004 and the relevant Asian Development Bank’s (ADB) policies and operations manuals, in particular the policy on Involuntary Resettlement (1995), and Operations Manual F2 on Involuntary Resettlement (2003), and agreed Resettlement Framework.

H. Entitlements of the Project Affected Persons

22. The entitlement matrix (Table 4) lists types of losses, eligibility, and entitlements, and provides basic parameters for the preparation of compensation and resettlement benefits. The matrix will apply to this project. The individual entitlement matrix for the affected persons is given in the Annexure-2.

9 Table 4: Entitlement framework Definition No Type of Loss Application of People Entitlement Details of Entitlements Affected 1 Agricultural land, Land on the Titleholders Compensation 1. Cash compensation through direct homesteads, project right at replacement purchase as per guidelines of commercial land of way cost. accelerating land acquisition at (private property) (ROW) mutually agreed rates at replacement value 2. Cash compensation as per Land Acquisition Act at replacement costs. If the replacement cost of land is more than the compensation determined by district collector, the difference will be paid as a special grant by the Project directly to those affected person. 3. The land price will be arrived at by taking recourse to three systems namely (i) taking into account the prescribed rates or the average of the actual transaction rates of similar lands for contemporary years for which sale deeds are registered; (ii) taking into considerations 20 times of the annual value of gross production of the concerned land, averaged over preceding 5 years; and (iii) fixing up market value of land equal to the minimum land value if so prescribed by the state government under Indian Stamp Act for the purpose of registration of sale deeds under the Indian registration Act of 1908. The replacement value will be fixed at whichever is the highest among the three amounts arrived at the three alternate methods. 4. Transaction costs will be paid by the Project (registration cost, stamp fees etc., incurred in the purchase of replacement land). 5. Transitional allowance calculated at minimum wages for 6 months, if residual land is not viable or for 3 months when residual land is viable. 6. In case of severance of agricultural land, an additional grant of 10% of the amount paid for land acquisition. 2 Residential and Structure Titleholders Compensation 1. Cash compensation for loss of commercial within the at replacement residential and commercial structures structures (private ROW cost at replacement value. If the property) replacement cost of structure is more than the compensation determined by the district collector, the difference will be paid as a special grant by the Project directly to those affected.

10 Definition No Type of Loss Application of People Entitlement Details of Entitlements Affected

2. A lump sum shifting assistance for shifting household assets including cost of transportation and labor costs. 3. Project will assist people affected to purchase land to relocate to a new or alternate site. 4. Right to salvage material from the demolished structure. 3 Loss of income Businesses Individual Lump sum 1. Owners of businesses will be from business and compensated for their loss of income and loss of wages employees for 3 months. affected by 2. Employees directly affected by project displacement of employer will receive ROW wages for 3 months 3. Support to people affected, through the livelihoods programs (Appendix 4) under the Project (training and capacity building, and enterprise development) for restarting/new income-generating activities. 4 Annual / seasonal Crops and Cultivator – Compensation 1. Advance notice for harvesting crops and trees trees on household at market standing crops. ROW value 2. Owner will receive grant equal to market value of crop lost for 10 years plus cost of replacement of seeds. 3. Sharecroppers/tenants will be compensated at market value for the crop lost plus cost of replacement of seeds for the next season’s harvest. 4. Compensation for trees based on timber value at market prices, to be determined by Forest Department and Horticultural Department. 5. For perennial trees, compensation will be 3–5 times the market value. 5 Structures by Structures Household No 1. Compensation for loss of structure at squatters and affected by compensation replacement cost. informal settlers ROW for land; 2. A lump sum shifting assistance for (residential / Compensation shifting household assets including commercial) for structure at cost of transportation and labor replacement costs. cost and other 3. People affected will relocate to a new assistance site provided by the Project. 4. Support to people losing commercial structures, through the livelihoods program (Appendix 4) under the Project (training, capacity building, enterprise development) for restarting/new income-generating activities.

11 Definition No Type of Loss Application of People Entitlement Details of Entitlements Affected 6 Additional Households Individual Assistance for 1. Preferential employment in the assistance for affected by income Project, especially for women and the vulnerable groups ROW restoration and poor below poverty line training 2. Support those affected through the (BPL), livelihoods programs under the households Project (Appendix 4), which headed by includes- women, elderly 3. Support for capacity building, and disabled enterprise training, and economic activities to already organized self- help groups (SHGs). 4. Support for capacity building, enterprise training for new SHGs (male and female) not yet organized into community-based groups. 5. Replacement of productive assets, skill upgrading, risk mitigation through insurance. 7 Specific action for Land and Individual Assistance for 1. Preferential employment in the indigenous other assets income Project, especially for women and the people / affected by restoration and poor. scheduled tribe ROW training 2. Support those affected through the (ST) livelihoods programs under the Project (Appendix 4) which includes 3. Support for capacity building, enterprise training, and economic activities to already organized self- help groups (SHGs). 4. Support for capacity building, enterprise training for new SHGs (male and female) not yet organized into community-based groups. 5. Replacement of productive assets, skill upgrading, risk mitigation through insurance. 8 Community Affected by Community Replacement 1. Complete rehabilitation / restoration infrastructure and ROW by the Project. amenities 9 Other impacts not 1. Unforeseen impacts will be documented and mitigated based on the principles identified agreed in this RF. Source: TEAP-ADB-GoK agreement document 2005

12 I. Compensation and Livelihood Restoration i) Arrangement for Valuing and Disbursing Compensation

22. As is the practice in KSEB, assessment of the loss incurred by 227 AHs was entrusted with the Statistics Department whose representatives are well versed in the current rates and values. They prepared detailed mahazar on the loss of each AH which was signed by the AP and a witness. KSEB Sub Divisions issued individual notice to APs requesting each to report his/her expectation using a detailed checklist with 14 items. Engineers of KSEB verified the loss as stated in the mahazar and discussed with each of affected persons, their expectations and arrive at a consensus on the compensation. When the process is completed all payment will be made by cheques in a transparent manner in public. ii) Assistance to Livelihood Restoration

23. Although 227 households are affected by the felling of their trees for constructing the 11 KV overhead line, the livelihood of only 164 households is adversely affected as these households lost 292 trees which supplement their income or contribute directly to their livelihood. These affected persons (APs) are covered under livelihood restoration programme. A budget of Rs.1,855,791 has been estimated for these affected persons. Besides the compensation offered, they are eligible for the various livelihood support programme under TEAP: i) capacity building, enterprise training, and economic activities to already organized self-help groups (SHGs); ii) formation of new SHGs, for both men and women, from affected households if they are not covered by the community-based groups for restoring livelihoods through micro-enterprise training and establishment support; and iii) skills upgradation. A detailed note on livelihood restoration under TEAP is given in the Annexure 4. J. Budget

24. The total estimated cost for resettlement implementation including cost of compensation and assistance as per the Resettlement Framework (Kerala) under TEAP is Rs.1,855,791 or say Rs.1.86 million (US$38,542 approximately @ 1US$=Rs.48.15). The detailed budget estimates are given in the following Table 5. Table 5: Budget Estimate

Total S. Item Total Unit Unit Cost Replacement No. value A: Compensation No Rs. Rs.

1 Compensation for the yielding coconut trees 228 6213.83 14,16,754

Compensation for the fruit bearing Mango 2 28 1,43,680 trees 5131.43

3 Compensation for the productive cashew 8 8960.5 71,684 trees Compensation for the productive tamarind 4 trees 7 6942.71 48,599

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Total S. Item Total Unit Unit Cost Replacement No. value

5 Compensation for the productive areca trees 10 3379.4 33,794

Compensation for the productive pepper 6 2 6,313 vines 3156.5 Compensation for the productive papaya 7 8 740 trees 92.5 Compensation for the productive muringa 8 1 250 (drumstick trees) 250

9 Sub Total (1-8) 292 17,21,814

10 Other sundry trees 272 492.56 133,977

11 Grand Total (9+10) 564 18,55,791 Source: EE, KSEB, Mavelikkara, 2008

25. The following methodology has been adopted for calculating replacement value. The compensation for the trees acquired has been worked out in accordance with the latest trends in the markets particularly of the agricultural products. Statisticians are up to date with the information and they assess the field reality together with the affected people particularly of the annual produce and multiply the units by the current market value. KSEB had been very generous in offering the value for the produce for ten years. K. Implementation Schedule

Table Timeframe for various activities of RP

Project Components/ Activities

Project Preparation Phase Year 2008 Year 2009

Sl. Quarterly Programmes 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 No

1 Marking the trees to be cut XX XX XX

Issue individual notices to the affected 2 households XX XX XX

Information Campaign and Comm. 3 Consultation XX XX XX XX XX

4 Preparation of the mahazar XX XX

Submission of detailed list by property 5 owners XX XX

Verification of individual assets/ and 6 documents ownership XX XX

14 Quarterly Programmes Year 2008 Year 2009

7 Negotiation with the property owners XX XX

8 Grievance redressal and reassessment XX XX

Valuation by KSEB based on the data 9 provided by the Statistics Department XX

10 Cutting the trees XX

11 Drawing the line XX

Submission of the draft resettlement 12 plan for approval XX

Compensation Determination and 13 disclosure of entitlements XX

14 Payment of compensation for the trees XX

Monitoring and Evaluation Year 2008 Year 2009

Appointment of independent M&E 15 consultant XX

16 Internal Monitoring XX XX XX XX XX

17 External Monitoring (intermittently) XX XX

Source: EE-PWD, GoK, Feb 2007 L. Monitoring and Evaluation

26. Monitoring the resettlement programme on a regular daily and weekly basis would be the responsibility of the Executive Engineer, KSEB, Mavelikkara Electrical Division assisted by the Assistant Executive Engineer. An NGO’s input would be appropriate to disclose to the project affected people/families their entitlements according to the approved resettlement plan and to assist them effectively to plan the utilization of the amount for productive purpose. The other inputs required are: awareness programmes to be held, and the number of consultations made with each family to prepare their own microplans to effectively utilize the compensation for enhancing the livelihood by engaging in income generation activities. However, the process and the manner in which R&R is being done will have to be monitored well as the quality of R&R will depend greatly on the qualitative indicators, particularly, transparency, participation and accountability.

27. For evaluation, it is fitting that a specialist in the field familiar with the realities of the region may be procured to do the job on completion of the resettlement. However, this exercise may be anticipated to make it a participatory empowerment for evaluation to get the best results during resettlement. This work can also be done by the Benefit Monitoring and Evaluation Consultants.

15 Annexure-1 Part –I (Package 030): Name of Work: Constructing 6.75 KM of 11 KV Line and Installing two transformers Name of Line: Thrikkunnappuzha-Chelakkad Line (Thrikkunnappuzha village)

Entitled Sl. Number of Entitled Person Type of trees amount No trees (Rs.)

1 Nandakumar, Chandralayam Teak, anjili & mahagani 1+1+1 1,150

2 Sivasankara Pillai Coconut tree 1 6,723

3 Sadanandan, Savithasadanam 2,903 Coconut tree 1 4 Vijayamma, , Savithasadanam 2,903

Secretary, NSSS Karayogan 127, 5 Trikunnaspuzha Coconut tree 2 6,074

6 Basheer Mamoolayil Coconut & jack tree 1+1 330

Areca, coconut, tamarind, 3+1+2+1 20,320 7 Radhakrishna Pillai anjili, mango & poovarasu

8 Karthikeyan, Vadakemadathil Coconut 2 9,043

Secretary, Thrikunnapuzha 9 Service Cooperative Bank Anjili & mango 1+1 5,437

Coconut, mango & 10 Muhammed Kunju Velasseril mahagani 1+1+1 6,672

11 Shaji Mamoolayil Thaithengu 1 300

12 Dileep Nedumparambil Coconut trees 2 17,526

13 Nasar Mamoolayil Manchium & chenbakam 1+1 170

14 Usman Kunju Veshnadeth Coconut tree 1 300

15 Ileesha Begum Coconut 1 300

16 Santha Gopinath Mango tree 1 3,475

17 Aboobackarkunju Vettinedathu 5,375 Mango & coconut 1+1 18 Ummerkunju Vettinedath 5,375

16 Entitled Sl. Number of Entitled Person Type of trees amount No trees (Rs)

19 Shameema Manivelil Anjili & Taithengu 1+1 800

20 Muhammed Kunju Kalariprambil Areca tree 1 50

21 Usmankunju Puthenmadathil Coconut tree 1 5,806

22 Alikunju Ayamparambu Coconut 1 4,352

23 Basheer Puthenkandathil 1,857 Coconut 1 24 Naseema Puthenkandathil 1,837

25 Aboobackarkunju Aymparampu Coconut 1 5,806

26 Ramlath Beevi Andolil Coconut 2 10,126

27 Hassankunju Ayamparampu Coconut 1 8,739

28 Ummerkunju Chalukandathil Coconut 1 7,322

29 Muhammed Ali, Velanteprampil Coconut 1 300

30 Muhammed Koya Chaprayil Coconut & areca 1+1 12,191

31 Devadas, Devi Bhavanam Coconut 1 7,367

32 Ahmmed Kutty Pandikasalayil Coconut 1 6,723

34 Ramla Beegum, Jasmin Manzil Coconut 1 8,785

35 Usman Kunju Puthenmadathil Coconut 1 7,278

Total 183,695

Name of Line: SNDP Line- Puluhkkezhu to Trikunnapuzha (Karthikapally village)

Sl. Number of Entitled Entitled Person Type of trees No trees amount

Coconut, areca & 1 Vijayakumar Kayipurath perumaram 2+1+1 8,700

2 Suran Puthuvalil Mahagani 1 100

3 Maniyan Anil Bhavanam Mango 1 4,271

17 Sl. Number of Entitled Entitled Person Type of trees No trees amount

4 Gopalan, Santhapuram Areca, coconut, guava 2+2+1 8,775

Mango, areca, muringa, 4+3+1+ 5 Asokan Puthenpurayil papaya, anjili, poovarasu 1+1+2 39,897

Total 81,743

Name of Line: SNDP Line: Pulukkezhu to Valiyaparambil East (Pandarachira)

Sl. Number of Entitled Entitled Person Type of trees No trees amount

1 Babu Guruvihara Coconut 2 5,661

Coconut & 2 Annamma Attuvathalackal tamarind 1+1 12,835

3 Rejimon Naluchirayil Poovarasu 1 75

4 Mathew Kurian Attuvathalackal 13,822 Coconut & 6+1 5 Suseelamani Attuvathalackal tamarind 13,822

6 Udayakumar Puthenveedu Coconut 1 300

7 Thulasidasan Moolackal Coconut 2 9,537

8 Dinesan Paipallisseril Coconut 4 14,835

Total 70,887

Grand Total 3,16,325

Part II: (Package 031): Name of Work: Constructing 4.800 Kms of 11KV Line and Installing Eight Transformers Name of Line: Arattupuzha – Thettikkattil 11 KV Line

Sl. Number of Entitled Entitled Person Type of trees No trees amount

1 Abdul Majeed, Pattathil Coconut tree 1 7,305

2 Ibraqhimkutty Thettikattil Coconut trees 5+3 19,602

3 Thangalkunju Valiyaparambil Coconut trees 3+3 20,211

Total 47,118

18 Name of Line: Arattupuzha Kallikadu South 11 KV Line

Sl. Number of Entitled Entitled Person Type of trees No trees amount

1 Jameela Muttel Coconut tree 1 3,787

2 Ramesan Valiyaparambil Coconut trees 5 30,782

3 Ravi Moolayilchirayil 1,948

4 Pushpangadan Moolayilchirayil 1,948

5 Sudhan Moolayilchirayil Coconut trees 3 1,948

6 Reghunathan Moolayilchirayil 1,948

7 Vidyadharan Moolayilchirayil 1,948

8 Kunjumon Sreemandiram Coconut tree 1 7353

9 Chandran Mullasseril Coconut trees 1+2 3,418

10 Brahmanandan Thekkeattath Coconut tree 1 7,357

11 Babu Sachin Bhavanam 2,564 Coconut trees & 1+4+1 Mahagani 12 Soja Sachin Bhavanam 2,564

Total 67,565

Name of Line: Arattupuzha to kandankeril North 11 KV Line

Sl. Number of Entitled Entitled Person Type of trees No trees amount

13 Abdul Vahab Vettuparambil Coconut trees 2+1 7,990

Coconut tree, 14 Khadeejakunju Vettuparambil areca & poovarasu 1+1+1 350

15 Manager,MU UPS Coconut trees 2 13,410

Secretary Jeelathul Muhammadeeya Coconut trees & 16 Sangam manchium 5+1 10,233

Coconut tree & 17 Amanulla Thayyilkizhakethil mahagani 1+1 3122

19 Sl. Number of Entitled Entitled Person Type of trees No trees amount

Coconut trees & 18 Usmankunju Kandankeril Poovarasu 5+1 27,973

18 Usmankutty Riyas Mansil 4,309 Coconut trees 2 20 Suhrakunju Riyas Mansil 4,309

21 Salahudeen Kochuveetilthekkethil 3,765 Coconut trees 2 22 Rasheeda Kochuveetilthekkethil 3,765

23 Rashida Kochuveetil Vadakkethil Coconut tree 1 3,795

Coconut trees & 24 M.S. Basheer, Kandankeerilputhuval acasia 5+1 16,141

Total 99,162

Name of Line: Arattupuzha to Nallanikal South 11 KV Line

Sl. Number of Entitled Entitled Person Type of trees No trees amount

1 Subhash Chandran Mani Bhavan Coconut tree 1 200

2 Anandavally Karutharayil Tamarind 1 3,797

Coconut tree & 3 Jaisingh, Devi Madom poovarasu 1+1 6,812

4

Babukuttan Ajaya Bhavan Coconut tree 1 300

5 Chellappan, Marakkasseril Coconut trees 5 25,583

6 Sasidharan Prasad Bhavanam 1,075

7 Omana Prasad Bhavanam 1,075 Coconut trees 2+1 8 Prasad, Prasad Bhavanam 1,075

9 Syam, Prasad Bhavanam 1,075

10 Brahma Das Vettiyathukizhakethil Coconut trees 4 27712

11 V.V. Minerals, Vattachal Coconut trees 3 14598

20 Sl. Number of Entitled Entitled Person Type of trees No trees amount

12 Santhakumari, Thettikkattil Coconut trees 4 20,535

Coconut tree & 13 Reghunathan, Odipathuputhuvelil mahagani 1+1 7,320

14 Ponnamma Guru Bhavanam Coconut tree 1 200

15 Leela Anchumanackal Coconut tree 1 3,798

16 Sasi Manackasseril 5,813 Coconut trees 2 17 Laila Marackasseril 5,813

18 Sreevalsan, Kavil Coconut tree 1 200

19 Sunil, Lakshmi Vilasam Coconut tree 1 6,758

Mango trees, 20 Retnamma Alummoottil Coconut& papaya 2+2+5 14,353

21 Krishnankutty Puthuparambilthekethil Thaithengu 1 300

22 Rajamma Vayanasalappadithattil Coconut tree 1 4,386

23 Anil Kumar Kulangasseril Coconut tree 1 7,366

24 Sivanandan, Santhi Vihar 3,656 Coconut tree 1 25 Remavathy Santhivihas 3,656

26 Sudha Puthenparambil Coconut tree 1 6,762

Total 174,218

Name of Line: Perupally Jankar Junction to East (Tharayilkadavu) 11 KV Line

Sl. Number of Entitled Entitled Person Type of trees No trees amount

Coconut trees & 1 Madhavan Puthenparambil badam 5+1 19,097

2 Seema Kallasseril Poovarasu 1 50

Coconut tree & 3 Chandrika Kallupurackal poovarasu 1+2 5,902

21 Sl. Number of Entitled Entitled Person Type of trees No trees amount

4 Soolapani Thekkedath Coconut tree 1 2,822

5 Chakrapani Kollapurath Coconut tree 1 5,774

6 Mohanan Puthenmannel Thaithengu 1 300

7 Mohanan Kunnath Coconut trees 3 12,281

8 Sabu Kunnath Coconut tree, 6,431 poovarasu & 1+3+1 9 Vinod Kunnath mango 6,431

Coconut tree & 10 Sakuntala Mundanparambu vaka 1+1 6,383

11 Rani Kallasseril Poovarasu 1 80

12 Rambha Kariyilputhuval Coconut trees 5 25,384

13 Vijayan Valiyaparambil Coconut tree 1 2,836

14 Ponnappan Valiyaparambil Coconut tree 1 2,855

15 Govindan Koottentepadithattil Coconut tree 1 3,815

16 Sumathy Mannumpurath Coconut trees 2 12,211

Total 112,652

Grand total 500,715

Part III: Constructing 4.8 KM of 11 KV line and installing 3 Transformers Name of Line: Karthikapally North

Sl. Number of Entitled Entitled Person Type of trees No trees amount

Mango, Teak & 1 T.K. Koshi Vaidhyan Mappilai Perumaram 1+2+1 7,105

Perumaram, Tamarind, Cashew 2 Susan Alex Thomas & Mango 1+1+2+1 30,179

22 Sl. Number of Entitled Entitled Person Type of trees No trees amount

3 Thomas Kopparayil 3,457

4 Daniel Kopparayil 3,457

5 Abraham Kopparayil Areca, Cashew, 3,457 1+1+2+1 Coconut & Mango 6 Rajan Kopparayil 3,457

7 Alexander Kopparayil 3,457

8 Jacob Kopparayil 3,457

9 Kunjamma 1,494

10 Varghese 1,494 1+1 11 Abraham Kopparayil Tamarind & areca 1,494

12 Rajan Kopparayil 1,494

13 Jacob Kopparayil 1,494

Mahagani, cashew, 14 Joseph Mathew teak 2+1+2 9,236

Mahagani, teak & 15 Reji John Parankamootil anjili 2+1+1 4,409

16 Mariamma Parankamootil Anjili 1 100

17 Marykutty Mango & coconut 2+1 7,527

18 Varkey Chirayil Mango & coconut 2+1 7,527

19 Eliyamma Kochukutty Mango & teak 1+1 12,881

20 Jacob Eapen Panachamootil Coconut & anjili 1+1 4,481

21 Ponnamma Kuruvil Chatholil Mango & coconut 1+1 13,896

Areca, perumaram, 22 PJ Philip Puthenchiramel anjili, 3+1+3 10,019

23

Sl. Number of Entitled Entitled Person Type of trees No trees amount

Areca, mahagani, CE Varghese Kizhakechakolil 23 tamarind, pepper, 7+2+2+1+1 47,860 Puthenveedu papaya

Total 183,432

Name of Line: Chirayil Padickal

Sl. Number of Entitled No Entitled Person Type of trees trees amount

1 Sreeja Sreebhavanam Coconut tree 5 17,334

2 Lissy Rajan Upasana Coconut tree 1 4,357

Coconut tree, 3 Aniyan George, Kochuveetil cashew, mango 2+1+1 39,791

4 Vasu Thachayil Anjili, pepper 1+1 2,805

5 Prabhakaran Vadakarathekkethil Poovarasu 2 150

6 Rajendran Lathabhavanam Poovarasu 3 240

7 Rajamma Vilakkumadathil Manchium 1 50

8 Raghavan Chakkalayil Poovarasu & mango 1+1 3,283

9 Nasarudeen Kalathil Coconut 1 2,837

10 Chandramathi Vineesh Sadanam Poovarasu 1 150

11 Thankappan Ambadiyil Mahagani, areca 1+2 200

12 Sheeja Begum Mannoorthekethil Coconut 1 2,845

13 Raveendran Kadakal Anjili & mango 1+1 5,392

14 Sindhu Palackathara Coconut 1 2,832

15 Ambika Gireesh Bhavanam Coconut 1 2,845

16 Shameena Thettikuzhy Coconut 1 200

17 Shahubanath Beevi Coconut 2 13,520

24 18 Viswambharan Chakalayil Coconut 1 2,903

19 Radha Chakalayil Coconut 1 2,903

Total 104,637

Name of Line: Kattuparampil (Cingoli, Kumarapuram and Trikkunnapuzha Villages)

Sl. Number of Entitled Entitled Person Type of trees No trees amount (Rs)

1 John Philip Panachamootil Coconut 1 3,775

Konna, areca, 2 Vilasini Mulavanathekethil poovarasu 1+1+1 3,571

Coconut, anjili, areca & 3 Philip Mathew perumaram 1+1+2+1 12,902

Coconut & 4 Sivaprasad perumaram 1+1 5,916

Coconut, anjili, 5 Soman areca & poovarasu 1+1+1+1 10,708

6 Kochukrishnan Asari Poovarasu 1 100

Cashew, anjili & 7 Bhasura Kavintekunnel cocnut 1+1+2 20,376

Total 57,348

Name of Line: Manikandanchira to Padiyilkadavu

Sl. Number of Entitled Entitled Person Type of trees No trees amount (Rs)

Mahagani & 1 VijayanThayyil coconut 1+1 5,875

2 Rajesh Inchantharayil Coconut, Cashew, 13,412 poovarasu & 5+1+1+1 3 Pynkili Inchantharayil Kuzhithai 13,412

Coconut, Mahagani 4 Rohini Paravackal & kuzhithai 1+2+1 6,436

5 Rohini Muttunkal Coconut 1 7,288

25 Poovarasu & 6 Pankajakshi Paravackal coconut 1+1 350

7 Sheela Paravackal Kuzhthai 1 300

8 Rajan Paravackal Coconut 2 8,670

Coconut, cashew, 9 Meenakshi Vadachirayil accasia & kuzhithai 12+1+1 63,999

10 Abdul Ahammed Kannampalli Coconut 6 23,111

Coconut, mango & 11 Bhavani Vadachirayil papaya 8+2+1 49,953

Coconut & 12 Sugandhi Sugandhibhavanam kuzhithai 3+1 16,113

Coconut & anjili & 13 Madanan Arangil poovarasu 3+2+2 21,958

14 Koyakunju Padinjareveetil Coconut tree 6 30,246

15 Prasad Vadachira Coconut tree 3 14,407

16 Padmalochanan Aneesh Bhavanam Coconut tree 1 2,786

Coconut, tamarind 17 Kykeyi Veepantechirayil & anjili 5+2+1 22,837

18 Asokan Vadachirayil Coconut tree 4 12,919

Total 389,120

Part IV: Name of Work: Constructing 3.8 KM of 11 KV Line and installing 5 Transformers

Name of Line: Pathiyankara to Hatchery

Sl. Number of Entitled Entitled Person Type of trees No trees amount (Rs)

1 Musthafa Kattilparampil Coconut trees 3 11,773

2 Prasannan Kandathil Coconut trees 2+1 4,312

3 Jeevan Kizhakkedath Coconut trees 5 30,84

Small Palm & 4 Ponnappan Nadithara Arana 1+1 240

26 Sl. Number of Entitled No Entitled Person Type of trees trees amount (Rs)

5 Podiyan Anjana Bhavanam Anjili & Konna 1+1 300

6 Abdul Latheef Manatheril Small coconut tree 1 200

7 Abdul Latheef Kuravanpurayil Coconut trees 2 4,098

8 Nabeesath Edayileveetil Poovarasu 3 260

9 Badarudeen Kunju Kizhakkeveetil Coconut trees 2 12,529

10 Muhammed Shereef Kallasseril Coconut tree 1 2,845

11 Ummer Sadique, Ambalamukku Small coconut tree 1 300

Total 67,841

Name of Line: Arattupuzha to Kurichickal

Sl. Number of Entitled Entitled Person Type of trees No trees amount (Rs)

1 Kasinathan, Valel, Puthuvel Coconut trees 2 6,592

Coconut trees & 2 Jinu Sudhakaran Pandakasalayil Thaithengu 2+2 12,474

Areca tree, Mango, 3 Ramdas, Das Bhavanam anjili & mahagani 1+1+1+2 12,395

Areca & 4 Ramabhadran, Kavintekizhakethil Thaithengu 1+1 350

5 Thankamani Alummoottil Areca tree 1 3,445

6 Sajeev Kumar Kunnadisseril Poovarasu 1+1 200

Coconut trees & 7 Saseedharan Kayipurathu thaithengu 2+1 5,885

8 Saseedharan Meenatheril Coconut trees 2 13,127

9 Dr. G Shanm GopalValiyaveetil Coconut trees 2 8,778

Total 63,246

27 Name of Line: Interlinking NTPCII and Karthikapally (Mukkuvasseril)

Entitled Sl. Number of Entitled Person Type of trees amount No trees (Rs)

1 K. Renjith Padannackal Poovarasu 2 110

2 Sreeja Aryamparampil Poovarasu & anjili 1+2 150

Coconut trees, 3 Bhaskaran Saraswathy Bhavanam areca & mango 2+1+1 13,162

4 Anirudhan Kandilasseril Coconut tree 1 6,401

Coconut trees, poovarasu,anjili & 5 Chandramathy Kandilasseril areca 2+2+1+1 9,936

6 Dileep Kumar Kandilasseril 9,165 Coconut trees & 3+1 mahagani 7 Asha Kandilasseril 9,165

8 Bhaskara Panickar Kodikkakath Coconut trees 6+2 33,572

Coconut trees & 9 Mohanan, Mohanavilasom poovarasu 5+3 24,953

10 Santhosh Palliyude Kizhakethil Poovarasu 1 100

11 Harilal, Harisree Bhavanam Coconut tree 1 4,771

12 Chandra Babu, Aniraj Bhavanam Coconut trees 4+1 21,349

13 Animol Puthenpurayil Coconut trees 2 15,220

14 Pasanna, Karthika Coconut tree 1 4,728

15 Santhappan Chaprayil Poovarasu 1 100

16 Sivanandan, Kattil Kiran Nivas Coconut tree, 3 14,259

Coconut tree, 17 Padmanabhan Cherukan, Moolayil Konna & mahagani 1+1+1 5,986

Total 173,127

Grand Total (Part IV) 304,214

28 Annexure – 2: Public Consultation and disclosure

Timing Number of Feedback/ Issues/ Activity Task Agencies Remarks (Date/Period) People Concerns raised Urgency of implementing the project 1) Stakeholder Mapping of the Restoration of January 2005 5 KSEB particularly in the aftermath of the Identification project area services tsunami Distribution of 2) Project Information 1.3.1008- Processes, procedures and time frame information leaflets to 5 KSEB Loss of livelihood 30.08.2008 explained. Dissemination affected persons (APs) 07.10.2008 25 Allaying concerns of 3) Consultative Discuss 10.10.2008 50 loss of property and meetings with potential KSEB Engineers Policy provisions explained to the 13.10.2008 47 livelihood and APs during impacts of the & Consultant affected population 15.10.2008 adequate Scoping Phase project 78 4.1.2009 33 compensation. All affected Publish list of households given affected detailed checklists lands/sites in a to be filled in and Loss of livelihood and 4) Public local 7.10.2008 - Urgency of the construction work of the returned to KSEB KSEB adequate Notification newspaper, 15.10.2008 OH line and enthusiasm of the people Division regarding compensation establish loss and eligibility cut- expectations off date

Discussions focused Collect socio- on the replacement 5) Detailed economic On explaining the valuation methods the 07.03.2008- All affected KSEB & Department value of the trees and Survey of information on consultants could win the confidence of 5.9.2008 households of Statistics loss of affected assets APs perception the affected people. livelihood/restoration on the project of livelihood

29 Timing Number of Feedback/ Issues/ Activity Task Agencies Remarks (Date/Period) People Concerns raised Discuss People did not want any political 6) Consultative entitlements intervention. They did not want even the 33 people The most important Meetings on compensation Panchayat to be a party in the attended meeting Social Consultant and issue was to fix a time Resettlement rates, 4 January 2009 disbursement. They expressed their among whom 7 KSEB Engineer s frame and stick by mitigation grievance confidencei n the functioning and people were women. that schedule. Measures redress oriented approach of the KSEB staff mechanisms and the engineers Summary of the Distribute 7) Publicize the SRP would be leaflets or KSEB & related Payment by cheque Identification and necessary documents Resettlement 1.3.2009 placed in the booklets in consultants to the entitled persons to be produced at the time Plan (RP) community local language centers On getting the Distribute RP Invest the amount in approval of the All APs will be 8) Full disclosure in local KSEB staff & income generation Government and the invited to To clarify PAF’s doubts, if any. of the RP to APs language to Engineers programmes linked ADB. Hopefully on participate. the APs with Kudumbashree 1.3.2009 For all interested Implementation of a convergence KSEB will be able to 9) Web RP posted on public, NGO, Sustainable livelihood strategy, interface management social contribute to the Disclosure of the ADB and/or EA 15.3.2009 Stakeholders, would by then networking and strengthening of social success stories of RP website PAPs become the key issue capital will help find solutions to the key implementing the RP issues. 10) Consultative meetings during Face to face 7.10.2008- Executive Engineer – Assessment of actual Differences if any in assessment of Detailed meetings with All AHs 15.10.2008 PWD, LAO and NGO loss of Assets actual loss of assets will be sorted out. Measurement APs Survey (DMS) Disclosure of 11) Disclosure Executive Engineer Better replacement Clarification of all doubts particularly on updated RP to 24 June 2007 All AHs after DMS and AEs of the KSEB value/ compensation the mode of payment APs 12) Web Updated RP DMD, Govt of Entitlement frame work, R&R Issues and disclosure of posted on 30.3.2009 KSEB Final RAP Kerala Mitigation measures. Updated ADB/EA Website

30 Annexure – 3: List of Participants in Public Consultation

Public Consultation held on 04.01.2009 (9.00 AM-12.30 PM) Venue: KSEB Office, Mavelikkara

List of Participants

Sl. Name of the participant Photographs of the Consultation No

1 M. Usman, Idappozhuthiyil, Arttupuzha 2 Brahmanandan, Thekkettat

3 Ponnamma, Guru Bhavanam

4 Laila Sasi, Marakkasseril

5 Falgunan, Thekkevelikkakom

6 CE Varghese, Kizhakkechakkolil

7 Babu, Sachin Bhavanam, Kallikkad

8 Dileep Kandallasseril

9 Reghunathan Ottappathuputhuval

10 Rajamma, Vayanasalapadickal

11 Muhammed Farookh, Kandankaril

12 Sasidharan, Prasad Bhananam 13 Ajayan, Ajaya Bavanam, Nallanickal

14 Jayasingh, Devi Madom

15 Sudha, Puthen parambil

16 Bindhu Subhash, Mani Bhavanam

17 Anandavalli, Karitharayil

18 A. Thangal Kunju, Valiyaprambil 19 Chellappan Marackasseril

20 Chandran Mullasseril

21 Remesan Valyaparambil

22 Brahmadasan Vediyath

31 Sl .N Name of the participant Photographs of the Consultation o 23 Radhakrishnan, Thettikkattil

24 K. Anirudhan, Kandilasseril

25 M.K. Sivanandan, Santhivihar

26 Anilkumar, Kulangarasseril

27 Sherafuddin Thettikattil

28 Retnamma Alumoottil

29 R. Rajendran, Executive Engineer, KSEB, Mavelikkara 30 A. Suresh, Asst. Executive Engineer, KSEB, Trivandrum

31 S. Vrinda, Asst. Engineer, KSEB

32 K. Sathyan, Asst. Engineer, KSEB

33 K.A. Emmanuel, Social Development Consultant

32 Annexure 4: Livelihood restoration under TEAP

A. Damage

1. The extent of damage to livelihoods1 either directly or indirectly2 extends much beyond damage to physical infrastructure. Loss of lives; injuries; destruction of houses and productive assets; and damage to social, physical, and transport infrastructure compounded damage to livelihoods. The tsunami hit the livelihoods of those who were already poor3 the hardest and accentuated their deep-seated vulnerability due to the socioeconomic structure of the affected areas, land-holding patterns, ownership of economic assets, and lack of skills to benefit from economic opportunities. Seasonal income patterns; climatic variations; and low coverage and quality of water, sanitation, health, and education worsened the adverse impact.

2. The damage suffered by fisherfolks affected a broad range of microenterprises4 due to marked interdependency in coastal economies (Table 1). The vulnerability of microenterprises to disruptions in sources of supplies and markets led to loss of employment, especially for women. Microenterprises cater to local markets and the lower income segments of the population both for inputs and outputs. The damage to agriculture and livestock, though not significant, has also affected the livelihoods of vulnerable coastal communities, including scheduled castes, scheduled tribes, and women. In addition, salinity of land and groundwater will have long-term impacts on productivity and profitability of microenterprises especially those relating to agriculture and horticulture. Landless and other casual laborers engaged in seasonal employment and other intermittent activities for subsistence have suffered loss of employment opportunities and consequently wages.

Table 1: Estimated Breakup of Affected Livelihoods, Damages, and Wage Losses

Livelihoods Kerala Tamil Nadu Total Item Number ($ million) % Number ($ million) % Fisher folk 42,723 50 120,000 34 162,723 I. Affected Micro enterprises 15,000 18 90,000 22 105,000 Livelihoods Agriculture and 6,500 8 29,000 7 35,500 Livestock 20,777 24 161,000 37 181,777 Others5 85,000 400,000 485,000 Total Fisher folk 18.60 64 259.07 85 277.67 Micro enterprises II. Damage 2.09 7 12.56 4 14.65 Agriculture and (assets) 3.40 12 9.30 4 12.70 Livestock 24.09 280.93 305.02 Total

1 Reference is to activities undertaken by poor and low-income households including fisheries, agriculture, livestock, microenterprises, and wage employment. Large enterprises and tourism sectors are excluded. 2 For every person who goes out to the sea, approximately up to four people are estimated to be employed in allied land-based activities. International Fund for Agricultural Development. 2003. India: Rural Poverty among Coastal Fisheries: Profile and Possible Interventions, Report No.1447, October, p.39. 3 While poverty incidence in Tamil Nadu and Kerala, at 21% and 13% respectively, are below the national average of 26%, poverty among the coastal communities varies. 4 Group or individual enterprises requiring investments in the range of Rs5,000 to Rs250,000. Micro enterprise encompasses all small income-generating activities. The JAM report segregated fisher folks, agriculture, and livestock to facilitate separate sector discussions. 5 Wage laborers having seasonal employment or engaged in intermittent subsistence activities during lean periods.

33 Livelihoods Kerala Tamil Nadu Total Item Number ($ million) % Number ($ million) % Fisher folk 3.46 12 8.15 3.6 11.61 Micro enterprises III. Wage 0.48 2 2.86 1 3.34 Agriculture and Loss (per 0.21 1 0.92 0.4 1.13 Livestock month) 0.66 2 5.11 2 5.77 Others 4.81 17.04 21.85 Total Source: Joint Assessment Mission (JAM) Report.

B. Livelihood Restoration Strategy and Initiatives

3. Livelihoods are in the private domain with a broad range of activities6 including fishing spread over a large number of poor and low-income households. Considering the lessons learned in emergency rehabilitation interventions, the strategy for restoration of livelihoods7 include (i) priority for the poor and low-income families because of their inability to regain their livelihoods without targeted interventions; (ii) empowering the poor by enabling them to reflect their priorities through group-based mechanisms, primarily self-help groups (SHGs), which are well represented in the affected areas; (iii) building and strengthening SHGs for sustained impact, cost-effective service delivery, and adequate gender representation; and (iv) special interventions for vulnerable groups that cannot immediately engage in economic activities.

4. Pooling of development efforts of the government, private sector, and non government organizations (NGOs) will be required to restore and develop livelihoods. In addition, the active participation of affected people (including scheduled castes and scheduled tribes) to ensure effective utilization of funds, timely delivery, effective targeting, and transparency are essential. Expeditious service delivery, outreach, and continuity will be essential for convergence with ongoing initiatives with established implementation mechanisms. Both Tamil Nadu, with the most damage, and Kerala8 are promoting social and economic empowerment of the poor and low-income households through organization of SHGs and supporting them through revolving funds, part financing of group or individual economic enterprises, linkages to institutional credit, skills development, and insurance.9 While Tamil Nadu and Kerala are in the forefront of the SHG movement in India, the coverage of coastal communities and microenterprises development through SHGs remains limited.10

C. Scope and Components

5. The magnitude of the poverty impact of damaged livelihoods requires a substantial response to restore income flows, reduce dependence on relief, and revive

6 State governments identified 23 micro enterprises other than fisher folk affected by tsunami. 7 Restoring livelihoods covers support for economic enterprises, upgrading skills and technology, and community based micro infrastructure to enable the poor to actively engage in economic activities. 8 Mahalir Thittam (Tamil Nadu) with 80,000 and Kudumbashree (Kerala) with 150,000 SHGs are flagship programs. 9 Implementation of this framework is financed under the Swarnajayanthi Grama Swarozgar Yojana (SGSY) in the ratio of 75:25 by the state governments and Government of India. In addition to back- ended subsidies, linkages are established with financing institutions. Generally, the rural development departments implement SGSY. So far 24,000 SHGs in Tamil Nadu and 15,000 SHGs in Kerala are under various stages of support under SGSY. 10 Only 7,500 SHGs in Tamil Nadu and approximately 1,500 in Kerala are in coastal communities.

34 local economies. Accordingly, in consultation with state governments this component11 includes (i) restoring livelihoods of the affected poor and low-income households already organized into SHGs and other similar groups recognized by state governments as affected by the tsunami through micro enterprise training and establishment support; (ii) formation of new SHGs, for both men and women, from affected households not yet organized in community-based groups for restoring livelihoods through micro enterprise training and establishment support; (iii) replacement of productive assets (i.e., excluding housing) of tsunami-affected households; (iv) skills upgrading;12 (v) risk mitigation through insurance of all affected households that receive assistance under this component, through available life and property insurance schemes; (vi) restoring community-based infrastructure affected by the tsunami; and (vii) technical support for implementation, monitoring, and impact assessment of this component.

D. Cost Estimates and Financing Plan

6. The total cost of this component is $60.16 million equivalent. Of the total cost, $51.15 million equivalent is for Tamil Nadu and $9.02 million equivalent is for Kerala. The Asian Development Bank (ADB) will finance the entire foreign exchange cost of $0.19 million equivalent and $58.84 million equivalent of local currency cost or about 98% of the total cost. The Government will finance the remaining local currency cost of $1.32 million equivalent, which includes taxes and duties. Cost estimates and the financing plan are provided along with the Report and Recommendation of the President to the Board of Directors on a Proposed Loan and Asian Tsunami Fund Grant to India for the Tsunami Emergency Assistance (Sector) Project (April 2005).

E. Implementation Arrangements

1. Project Management

7. The Revenue Administration, Disaster Management and Mitigation Department (RADMMD) in Tamil Nadu and the Department of Disaster Management (DDM) in Kerala will be the executing agencies (EAs). The EAs will establish project management units (PMUs) with representation of line agencies. The PMUs will work closely with the ADB extended missions to facilitate implementation and exercise monitoring and control.

8. Within this framework, the Rural Development Department in Tamil Nadu and Kerala Fisheries Department13 will be implementing agencies (IAs). For state coordination, both IAs will be represented in the PMUs. Project implementation units (PIUs) will be established within the Rural Development Department and Kerala Fisheries Department. Project implementation will be undertaken by field functionaries with emphasis on participation of local bodies, communities, and NGOs similar to the Swarnajayanthi Grama Swarozgar Yojana framework with adaptations required for

11 The scope excludes fisheries and agriculture sectors, including associated asset replacement expected to be funded from other sources. However, livelihood restoration relating to these segments (SHG formation, skills development, and micro enterprise development support) are part of the scope in view of the inextricable linkages in local economies and the need for coordinated implementation for cost-efficient service delivery. 12 Skills development intervention is kept generic to ensure participation of SHGs, and other affected community groups and individuals. The scope includes fisheries and allied activities of poor and low income households. 13 The Government of Kerala prefers livelihood restoration to be implemented by the Fisheries Department to realize the unexplored synergies between fisheries and other livelihood sources. Implementation in close coordination with Kudambashree (responsible for SGSY implementation) will ensure realization of the project objective.

35 expediting outreach without compromising core principles. Key activities will be outsourced to specialized agencies such as Kudumbashree in Kerala, Tamil Nadu Corporation for Women Development Limited, Enterprise Development Institute in Ahmedabad, and other accredited training establishments and NGO service providers. Successful SHGs will be encouraged as service providers to mainstream good governance in community-based development interventions.

2. Implementation Schedule

9. The Project will be implemented over 3 years, commencing in the second quarter of 2005. The concerned state governments will establish the PMUs and PIUs. The following startup activities will be completed within the first 3 months (i) service provider eligibility criteria and (ii) processing of retroactive financing, if any.

3. Procurement

10. Procurement, wherever required will be in accordance with ADB Guidelines for Procurement.

4. Consulting Services

11. Domestic consultants (community micro enterprise development specialists) will be required in Kerala and in Tamil Nadu to provide technical support to equip the line departments to restore livelihoods in the aftermath of the disaster, mainstream best practices in community based micro enterprise development, emphasize outreach to women and other vulnerable groups, pool the development efforts of stakeholders, monitor progress, and measure impact.

5. Monitoring

12. The PIUs will maintain a project performance monitoring system that will generate semiannual and annual reports. The information system will include (i) the number of SHGs formed and assisted, including membership by poverty classification, vulnerability, and gender; (ii) capacity and skills training imparted; (iii) the number of enterprises supported and their financial and efficiency ratios; (iv) repayment performance; (v) asset replacement and risk mitigation; and (vi) quantitative and qualitative progress of community-based micro infrastructure projects.14 Specific monitoring indicators will be applied to monitor whether the affected scheduled castes and scheduled tribe community members receive the above assistance. The IAs will periodically commission independent impact assessment to measure poverty outreach and poverty reduction through changes in income, asset holding, and employment status. The IAs will maintain proper records and identification of SHGs and individual beneficiaries receiving assistance including cash assistance under the Project. Likewise proper accounts and reports will be maintained by the IAs and provided periodically to the EAs.

F. Benefits and Risks

13. The Project represents a focused approach to restoring livelihoods of affected households through extension of ongoing interventions with appropriate adaptations for

14 Operation and maintenance costs will be borne by local bodies.

36 income expansion, employment generation, and poverty reduction. The Project is expected to support 12,000 SHGs with nearly 130,000 members including their capacity building and skills development. At least 50% of those assisted will be women and at least 3% will be from among the disabled. About 130,00015 livelihoods will either be restored or started. In total, 350,000 livelihoods are likely to receive asset replacement and risk reduction support. Simultaneous interventions especially for infrastructure restoration through National Calamity Contingency Fund, state governments, private sector, and multilateral and bilateral agencies will facilitate forward and backward linkages, which will help enhance the rate of return on investments in micro enterprises.

14 Major risks relate to ambitious targets inducing compromise on core principles of sustainability and community participation. This has been mitigated by setting goals that can be realistically achieved within the context of a limited duration Project.16 In addition, due caution will be taken in selecting and promoting enterprises. The covariance risk of establishing a large number of similar micro enterprises in limited geographic areas has been reduced through a demand-driven approach where communities realistically assess their skill and abilities. A community-based approach will enhance effective targeting.

15 Assuming group-based economic enterprises. 16 The size of this component factors implementation capacity and the time required to achieve expected outputs.

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