58 MURrH¾,Notes on Tubinares. Jan.Auk

NOTES ON TUBINARES, INCLUDING RECORDS WHICH AFFECT THE A. O. U. CHECK-LIST.

BY ROBERT CUSHMAN MURPHY.

1. Thala.•.•arehe ehlororhyneho.• (Gmelin).YELLOW-NOSED •OLLYMAWK. The first North American record of this is basedupon a skinin the AmericanMuseum of Natural History (collectionof Dr. L. C. Sanford,No. 9835,). The specimenis an adult of unknown sex. It was collected near Seal Island, off MacbiasBay, Maine, on August1, 1913,by Mr. ErnestO. Joye, subsequentlycoming into the possessionof Mr. Allen L. Moses and, finally, that of Dr. Sanford. Seal Island is Canadianterri- tory, and sincethe localityin whichthe birdwas killed is on the internationalborder, south of Grand Manan, the recordconstitutes an addition to the local avifauna of both New Brunswick and Maine. The specimenclosely resembles others collected by the writer in the South . The fact that its sex was not determined decreases the value of measurements, which are, however,as follows: Wing 482; tail 186; culmen 116; tarsus 78; middle toe with claw 114 min. Thalassarchechlororhynchos is of circumpolardistribution in the southern hemisphere. Its Atlantic breeding grounds are presumablyin the "Tristan da Cunha Subarea,"as recently definedin Dr. RobertoDabbene's admirable paper on the and of the South Atlantic. • Sufficient material is not available for a determinationof the subspeclficstatus of the Atlantic , or of its relationshipwith the "Thalassogeronexi- mius" of Verrill. 2. Calonectriskuhlii kuhlii (Bole). MEDITERRANEANSHEAR- WATER. While examiningseries of North Americanexamples of the large shearwaterdescribed by Cory as Puffinusborealis (Bull. Nuttall Orn. C1.Vol. 6, p: 84, 1881),the writerhas occasionally encountered

• E1 Hornero, Vol. 2, No. 3, pp. 157-179, 1921. Vol.1922XXXIX] J MvRrnv,Notes on Tubinares. 59 remarkably small specimens,the differencein size, especially noticeablein the bill, being so great as to appear to represent somethingmore than individual variation. Four such in the American Museum of Natural History (collection of Dr. Jonathan Dwight) were taken in Long Island waters by Dr. William C. Braislim That their aberrantaspect among the series of ordinary Cory's Shearwatershas been previously noted is evident from interrogation marks accompanyingthe entries in Dr. Dwight's catalogue. The four specimensreferred to are fully adult, molting birds. A comparisonof the skins with Mediterranean Shearwatersfrom the southern coasts of France and Spain indicates that the peculiarLong Island birds belongto the samerace. The resem- blanceextends to the diagnosticwhite markingon the inner web of the outer primaries,a characterfirst pointedout by Harterr and Ogilvie-Grant (Novitates Zoologicae,Vol. 12, p. 97, 1905) who wrote: "in P. kuhlii kuhlii a large white mark or somewhite mottling extendsbeyond the under wing-coverts,sometimes to beyondthe middle of the feathers." The same authors showed that this characteris not sharedby the larger race of P. kuhlii inhabiting the Azores, Canaries, Madeira, etc. It is likewise lackingin North Americanspecimens of Cory's . The recordsand measurementsof the four Long Island birds, togetherwith similar data for typical examplesof Cory's shear- water are as follows:

Calonectriskuhlii kuhlii (Boie) Wing Tail Culmen Tarsus Middle toe with claw 45827 c? Dwight Coil., Mon- tauk Point. N.Y., Aug. 15, 1907. 342 129 47 54 68 45828c? Dwight Call., Man- tauk Point, N, Y., Aug. 15, 1907. 329 129 48 51 62 45825 c? Dwight Coll., Off Amityville, N.Y., Oct. 4, 1902. 314 122 45 49 61 45826 9 Dwight Coil., Off Amityville, N.Y., Oct. 4, 1902. 322 117 46 49 65 60 M•RrRY,Notes on Tubinares. Jaa.Auk

Calonectriskuhlii borealis(Cory) Wing Tail Culmen Tarsus Middle toe with claw 8975 (2 Sanford Coll., New York Bay, Sept. 9, 1918. 358 136 57 56 74 24449 (2 Dwight Coll., Narra- gansett Bay, R. I., Sept. 29, 1886. 355 133 56 55 72 64709 (2 Amer. Mus. Coll., Off Amagansett,N.Y., Oct. 20, 1887. 347 133 56 57 70 24450 9 Dwight Coll., Narra- gansett Bay, R.I., Sept. 29; 1886. 349 133 54 56 70

Cory's descriptionand published measurementsof the type specimenof "Pu•nus borealis"make it clearthat it wasthe larger race which he collected and named. The type locality of the "Procellariakuhlii" of Bole, the form now added to the known avifaunaof North America,is the coastal waters of Corsica. Its breedingrange, so far as determined,is confinedto the Mediterranean, the Adriatic, the Aegean,and the Sea of Marmora, but during its wanderingsit passesGibralter and entersthe pelagicrange of Calonectriskuhlii borealis,sometimes as is evident,reaching the coastof North America. The Mediter- ranean Shearwater should therefore be included in the next edition of the A. O. U. 'Check-llst.' Americancollectlons of Cory's Shearwatersought, moreover, to be examined for additional specimensof the Mediterraneanrace. 3. Oceanodroma hornbyi (GR•Y). HORNBY'SPETREL. Oberholser(Auk, Vol. 34, pp. 465, 466, 1917)has shown that this must remain in the genusOceanodroma. He alsostates his reason•for the opinionthat the speciesshould be reinstatedin the regularlist of North Americanbirds. For many yearsafter G. R. Grayhad describedHornby's Petrel, in 1853, the originalskin in the British Museumremained unique. The type bore no label, but was believedto have comefrom the northwest coast of America. In 1887 (fide Godman,'Monogr. Petrels,' p. 36, 1907) E. W. Nelson reported that he had seen numbersof I-Iornby'sPetrels "both in May and October,while crossing a part of the Pacific, Vol.1922XXXIX] J Mv•P•¾,Notes on Tubinares. 61

some500 miles broad, borderingthe Aleutian chain." Doubts were subsequentlycast upon the identification, however, by Henshaw. In 1895 the National Museum of Chile, at Santiago, obtained two immaturespecimens, including a nearly full-grownbird with only a few tracesof grayish-whitedown still clingingto its belly. These came from an inland region, east o• Taltal. They were not recognizedas Oceanodromahornbyi, and were describedanew by R. A. Philippi as "(Oceanires) collaris" (Verhand- lungendes deutschenwissenscha•tllchen Vereins zu Santiagode Chile, Vol. 3, Pt. 1, pp. 11-13, plate). Philippi's accountstates: "Das Exemplar yon Sturmschwalbe,dessen Beschreibung ich hiermlt gebe,is dadurchbesonders merkwiirdig, dasses intuitten des Landes,5stlich yon Taltal, in Gesellschafteines ganz jungen VSgelchens,welches noch reit dem VollenFlaum bekleidetist, todt gefundenwurde. Unser Museumverdankt es H. Dr. Darapsky. "Der vogelhat ganzdie GrSsseund Gestaltder iibrlgenSturm- schwalben,yon denener sehrlelcht durch folgende Diagnose unter- schieden werden kann." The Latin diagnosiswhich follows, the recordedmeasurements, and the full page,monochrome plate, made from a crayondrawing, leave no room for doubt that the specimendescribed was Oceano- dromaho•nbyi notwithstanding minor discrepanciesin the amount of white pictured on the face and throat. The figure was drawn from a poorly mountedbird, which doubtlessaccounts for slight distortionsof the colorareas. Both of the specimenshave been seenby Dr. Frank M. Chapmanduring visits to Santiago. The descriptionof Procellariacollaris, and a subsequent,slightly more detailedaccount by Philippi (•ide infra), were apparently overlookedby Godman,for the specificname collarlsappears neitherin the indexnor the synomymyo• the 'Monographo• the Petrels'A During the Brewster-SanfordSouth American expedition of the AmericanMuseum of Natural History,Mr. Rollo H. Beckcollected 56 specimensof Oceanodromahornbyi in .the offshorewaters of the

The Chilean specimens are referred to again by Quijada in the Catalogo ilustrado i descriptivo de las Aves Chilenas, Bol. Mus. l•ac. Chile, Vol. 1, 1•o. 8 (pp. 82, 83 of the repaged extract), 1911. 62 Mr•gru•c,Notes on Tubinares. IJan.Auk Peruviancoast, and proved that the •pecies isa commonbird in this region. Mr. ]3eck'sspecimens were all taken during June 1913,between the approximatelatitudes of Ancon(11 ø 47' S.) and Cerro Azul (13ø 4• S.), in watersfrom 15 to about200 milesfrom the shore. He first notedthe speciesin the vicinity of Hormigas de Afuera Islets, 38 sea miles west of Callao, on June 4. On June 6, whenabout 200 milesoff shore,he obtainedthe first specimens, along with numerousexamples of Oceanodromamarkhami and other petrels. Thereafterhe saw 0. hornbyifrequently, chiefly beyond25 milesfrom shore,often feedingand comingto his bait in groupsof a scoreor so. His notesof June25, on whichdate he collected30 miles off Cerro Azul, contain the observationthat in early morning, while the sun was still low, the white breastsof Hornby's Petrelsshone like silver as the birds darted back and forth amongother . After June27 he changedhis field of operationsto the islandsand inshorewaters of the Pisco Bay region,and thenceforthsaw the speciesno more. All of ]3eck'sspecimens, the majorityof whichstill remainin the Brewster-SanfordCollection, are birds which had restingsex organs. Most of the individualswere completing, or had recently completed,the molt andrenewal of the flightfeathers. In the same month of a later year, June 1916, Dr. Frank M. Chapmanalso observed Hornby's Petrel along the Peruviancoast. He has kindly suppliedme with the followingextract from his notes of June 23, 1916: "Leave Piscoat 7:15, make the ]3oqueronin the face of a stiff breeze. At 8 A.M., we were about ten miles off shore,and the oceanswarmed with Petrels;a large,black Pu•nus, and a smaller one, in countlessnumbers were active,except one flock of several hundredresting on the water. Many Gannetswere divingfrom a heightof from fifty to sixty feet. A few Yellow-nosedAlbat- rosseswere seen splendid,sweeping creatures. There were severalwhite-rumped Petrels and dozensof 0. hornbyi;the latter the most erratic flier I have ever seen like a bat, swift, and nighthawkin one. They wereskimming here, flitting there,then suddenlyswung off with the wind a hundredyards or moreso quickly one nearly lost sight of them." To thesefield notesDr. Chapman has added the following Vol.1922 XXXlX] J MuRraY,Notes on Tubinares. 63 comment,relating to the apparentabsence of the speciesduring the periodof the year whichdoubtless includes its breedingseason: "December 4-7, 1918, while en routefrom Callao to MoHendo, I sailedover this samearea, but althoughon the lookoutfor them I did not seea singleHornby's Petrel." In Captain R. Paefsler's several records of the capture or identificationof sea birds (Journel far Ornithologie,Jahrg. 61, pp. 41-51, 1913; idem,Jahrg. 62, pp. 272-278, 1914; and Ornitho- logischeMonatsberichte, Jahrg. 23, pp. 59-61, 71, 72, 1915),there are numerousreferences to Oeeanodromahornbyl, which he observed along the west coastof South America at variouspoints between the latitudesof Chimbote,Peru, and a little north of Valparaiso, Chile. Paefsler evidently recognizedthe identity of the petrel with Philippi's species,for he employsthe name collarisas well as hornbyi,and he states(J. f. O., 1913,p. 49) that on the night of Feb. 16, 1912, off Nasca, Peru, an exampleof "Oceanirescollaris oder Oceaniteshornbyi an Bord geflogen." Paefsler's records are as follows,most of them being basedapparently upon sight identifications:

July 14, 1910. 32ø S. 72ø W. (Off Quilimari, N. of Valparaiso). June 17, 1911. 16ø 30' S. 73ø 18' W. (Off Islay). One flew on board. June 18, 1911. 14ø S. 76 ø 18' W. (Off Pisco). July 30, 1911. 17ø S. 72ø 30' W. (Off Ilo). Feb. 16, 1912. 15ø 12' S. 75ø 36' W. (Off Nasca). One flew on board. Feb. 18, 1912. 9 ø S. 86ø W. (Off Santa Head, N. of Chimbotc). May 30, 1913. 20 ø 42' S. 70 ø 18' W. (Off Iquique). June 6, 1913. 15ø S. 75ø 48' W. (Off Nasca). June 15, 1913. 23 ø S. 70ø 42' W. (Off Mejillones). Oct. 14, 1913. 29ø 30' S.ø 71ø 30' W. (Off Coquimbo). Oct. 17, 1913. 20 ø 36' S. ø 70 ø 24' W. (Off Iquique). Nov. 13, 1913. 30 ø S. 71ø 36' W. (Off Coquimbo). With regardto the breedinglocality of 0. hornbyi,we have only the informationpublished by Philippi. This 'author'ssecond paper relatingto the species(Anales del Museo Nacional de Chile, Vol. 15, Sect.1, pp. 90-92, pl. 42, 1902)is in part a reprint in Spanish of the German descriptioncited above, •qth the addition of a 64 MRPY, Noteson Tubinares. [jAan•' coloredplate. He statessomewhat more fully that the mounted specimenin the SantiagoMuseum was obtainedon the tableland east of Taltal, at a considerablealtitude, in companywith a dead chickof the samespecies, and that he thereforebelieves this region to be the petrel's breedingground. The suppositionsurely seems to be supportedby circumstantialevidence, and it would be alto- gether plausible were it not that mainland breeding sites are almostunknown among the Tublnares. If the petrelsdo actually nest in the Chilean mountains, their individual burrows are probablyscattered over wide areas,for thickly populatedcolonies wouldsoon be discoveredand decimatedby predaceousmammals. It is rather curiousthat the agedDr. Philippi neverrecognized his bird as Oceanodromahornbyi, for he wasat no time confidentof the validity of "Procellariacollarls." He wrote, for instance: "Coues has describedin the 'Proceedingsof the Academyof Philadelphia'for the year 1864, which I have not been able to consult,two speciesunder the names0. gracillsand 0. llneata. Perhapsour speciesis oneof these,or one of the other described formsof the generaThalassidroma or Procellarla. Ornithologists who have at their disposalthe pertinentliterature may decide" (Translatedfrom the Spanish,loc. cit. p. 91.) From all of the above it is evident that Oceanodromahornbyl, like 0. markhaml, Thalassidromatethys, Diomedea irrorata, and severalspecies of Pterodroma,is a bird of the warmer, offshore areas of the tropical and subtropicaleastern South Pacific. In commonwith all the formsnamed, it is truly pelagicd•trlng the non-breedingseason, ranging hundreds of miles from land, and avoidingthe inshorezone of the HumboldtCurrent where, as the writer learned during investigationsin 1919-1920,an entirely distinct assemblageof sea birds, comprisingpenguins, diving petrels, and of antarcticaffinities, and endemic, strictly littoral steganopodes,abound in the cool, upwelling waters closeto the coast. If 0. hornbylbreeds in the southern partsof the MaritimeAndes, it must,of course,cross the relatively narrow belt of cool water when passingbetween its nestingsite andits pelagicfeeding grounds; but it is rarelyor neverto befound by day in the inshoreregion. Loomis'ssuggestion that "Hornby's Petrel may prove to be a commonSouthern Hemisphere species VoLXXXlX]1922 J FAXON2•ND HOffMAN, Birds of Berkshire Co., Mass. 65 that visits the Northern Hemisphereafter its breedingseason" (Proe. Calif. Aead. Sei. (4), Vol. 2, Pt. 2, p. 179, 1918) seems unlikely, sinceit is in generalthe "cold water" types of southern Tubinares,such as Puj•nus griseus,Priocella, Oceanites oceanicus, etc., rather than the southern subta'opiealrepresentatives, which make regularmigrations to littoral waters of the northernhem- isphere. Gray's description(Proe. Zool. Soe.Lond., Vol. 21, p. 62, •853) statesthat the type specimenof 0. hornbyicame"from the north- west coastof America," and that Admiral Hornby had "obtained it duringhis commandon the Pacificstation," perhapsduring the period in which his headquarterswere at Vancouver. In view, however, of the known circumstancesand the probabilitiesas to the bird's habitat, togetherwith the fact that the northernrange has never beenconfirmed, and the utter lack of certainty as to the exactsource of an unlabeledskin broughtto Englandby a naval officer who had doubtless traversed the entire west coast of South America,it would seemto the writer that the speciesshould be stricken entirely from the list of North American birds unless collateral evidencethat the type was taken in the North Paeifi• can be produced. AmericanMuseum of Nat. Hist., New York.

SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES ON THE BIRDS OF BERKSHIRE COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS.

BY WALTER FAXON AND RALPH HOFFMAN.

The followingnotes are offeredas a supplementto the authors' •irds of BerkshireCounty, Massachusetts,'published in the 'Collectionsof the Berkshire Historical and Scientific Society,' Vol. III, pp. 107-166, Pittsfield, Mass., 1900. The numbers enclosedin brackets refer to the pagination of the separates issued at the same time. P. 115 [9]. Hylocichla mustelina (Gmel.). Wood THRUSH.--Seenas late as September16 (Stockbridge). P. 116110]. Hylocichla ustulata swainsoni (Tschudi). OLIVE- BACKEDTHRUSH.--Add Washington to the list of townsin whichthis bird breeds.