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Appendix 10 EIA Khongkhang-Moreh Pkg3 Environmental Impact Assessment Vol. 1 of 2 Project Number: 47341-004 July 2020 India: South Asia Subregional Economic Cooperation Road Connectivity Investment Program – Tranche 3 Imphal - Moreh Road (Khongkhang-Moreh section) Prepared by National Highways & Infrastructure Development Corporation Limited for the Asian Development Bank. This is an updated version of the draft originally posted in June 2019 available on https://www.adb.org/projects/documents/ind-47341-004-eia. CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (As of 20 May 2020) Currency Unit = Indian rupee/s (₹) ₹1.00 = $0.014 $1.00 = ₹75.6565 ABBREVIATIONS AADT – Annual Average Daily Traffic AAQM – Ambient air quality monitoring ADB – Asian Development Bank BDL – Below detectable limit BOD – Biochemical oxygen demand BOQ – Bill of quantity CO – Carbon monoxide COD – Chemical oxygen demand CPCB – Central Pollution Control Board AE – Authority Engineer DFO – Divisional Forest Officer DG – Diesel generating set DO – Dissolved oxygen DPR – Detailed project report EFP – Environmental Focal Person EHS – Environment Health and Safety EIA – Environmental impact assessment EMOP – Environmental monitoring plan EMP – Environmental management plan GHG – Greenhouse gas GOI – Government of India GRC – Grievance redress committee GRM – Grievance redress mechanism IEE – Initial Environmental Examination IRC – Indian Road Congress IUCN – International Union for Conservation of Nature LHS – Left hand side LPG – Liquefied petroleum gas MOEFCC – Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change MORTH – Ministry of Road Transport and Highways NHIDCL – National Highways & Infrastructure Development Corporation Limited N, S, E, W, – Wind Directions (North, South, East, West or NE, SW, combination of two directions like South West, North NW West) NGO – Non-governmental organization NH – National Highway NOx – Oxides of nitrogen PAH – Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons PCU – Passenger Car Units PM – Particulate Matter PIU – Project Implementation Unit PPE – Personal protective equipment R&R – Rehabilitation and Resettlement RHS – Right hand side ROW – Right-of-way SAARC – South Asian Association for Regional Corporation SH – State highway SO2 – Sulphur Dioxide SPCB – State Pollution Control Board SPL – Sound Pressure Level SPM – Suspended Particulate Matter SPS – ADB Safeguard Policy Statement, 2009 TA – Technical Assistance TDS – Total dissolved solids TSS – Total Suspended Solids UNESCAP – United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and Pacific WEIGHTS AND MEASURES dB(A) – A-weighted decibel ha – Hectare km – Kilometer µg – Microgram m – Meter MW (megawatt) – Megawatt PM 2.5 or 10 – Particulate Matter of 2.5 micron or 10 micron size NOTE In this report, "$" refers to US dollars. This environmental assessment is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “terms of use” section of this website. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ......................................................................................................... i I. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................... 1 A. Project Background and Rational ................................................................................... 1 B. Subproject Road ............................................................................................................. 3 C. Objective and Scope of the Study .................................................................................. 5 D. Methodology Adopted for EIA Study ............................................................................... 5 E. Structure of the Report ................................................................................................... 7 II. POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORKS ....................................... 8 A. National (India) Environmental Policy Framework .......................................................... 8 B. Social Regulatory Requirements of India and State ..................................................... 11 C. International Treaties and Relevance to the Project ..................................................... 12 D. ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement Requirements ....................................................... 12 E. Category of the Project ................................................................................................. 12 III. PROJECT DESCRIPTION .......................................................................................... 20 A. Type of Project .............................................................................................................. 20 B. Need for the Project ...................................................................................................... 20 C. Location and Features of the Project Road .................................................................. 21 D. Proposed Improvement Works ..................................................................................... 25 E. Engineering Surveys and Investigations ....................................................................... 25 F. The Design ................................................................................................................... 30 G. Project Cost and Implementation Schedule .................................................................. 42 H. Project Benefits ............................................................................................................. 43 IV. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT .................................................................. 44 A. Introduction ................................................................................................................... 44 B. Physical Environment ................................................................................................... 47 C. Biological Environment ................................................................................................. 73 D. Wildlife and Protected Area Network ............................................................................ 85 E. Critical Habitat Assessment ........................................................................................ 102 F. Socio-economic Environment ..................................................................................... 105 V. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & MITIGATION MEASURES .......... 109 A. Methodology ............................................................................................................... 109 B. Impacts on Physical environment ............................................................................... 117 C. Impacts on Biological environment ............................................................................. 134 D. Impacts on Social Environment .................................................................................. 145 E. Induced and Cumulative Impacts ............................................................................... 162 F. Expected Benefits from the Project ............................................................................ 166 VI. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES .............................................................................. 167 A. Introduction ................................................................................................................. 167 B. ‘With Project’ and ‘Without Project’ Scenario .............................................................. 167 C. Location and Alignment Alternatives .......................................................................... 170 D. Alignment Modifications due to Environmental Considerations .................................. 170 E. Engineering / Technological Alternatives .................................................................... 170 VII. INFORMATION DISCLOSURE, CONSULTATION AND PARTICIPATION............. 172 A. Objectives of Consultations ........................................................................................ 172 B. Methodology used for Consultations .......................................................................... 172 C. Identification of Stakeholders ...................................................................................... 172 D. Results of Consultations ............................................................................................. 179 E. Interaction with Local/National and International NGOs ............................................. 180 F. Public Disclosure ........................................................................................................ 181 VIII. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM .................................................................. 182 IX. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ............................................................. 184 A. Introduction ................................................................................................................. 184 B. Objectives of Environmental Management Plan ........................................................
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