Crime, Crime Prevention and Society
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CRIME, CRIME PREVENTION AND SOCIETY Brochure of the contributions from a professional conference which was held on the occasion of the first National Crime Prevention Day Magistrát města Brna, Dominikánské náměstí 1 | 601 67 Brno E-mail: [email protected] | www.brno.cz Dear Readers, You are currently reading, either on our web site or in a printed version of the brochure, some of the contributions from a professional conference with international attendance called „Crime, Crime Prevention and Society“, which was held as part of the first National Crime Prevention Day in Brno on the days of 19 and 20 September 2017. This brochure neither can nor will cover the whole range of topics discussed, firstly because the processing of the conference contributions was entirely voluntary, and also because, in addition to the lecture blocks, panel discussions were held regularly, and all ran concurrently in three places at one time. A total of 49 lecturers (according to the data on attendance sheets) from the Czech Republic, Slovak Republic, Republic of Romania and the European Forum for Urban Security (EFUS) were recorded. The EFUS working lunch on the prevention of discriminatory violence in Europe and the role of the local level was also attended by the High Commissioner for Human Rights from Vienna. BROCHURE OF THE CONTRIBUTIONS Contents: Stanislav Jabůrek: A Few Sentences by way of an Introduction 4 Jiří Buriánek: Domestic Violence as a Challenge for Empirical Research 6 Martin Cejp: The Threat of Organised Crime 18 Luboslav Fiala: Caretaker Academy. Caretakers’ Preventive Minimum Domovnická akademie. Domovnické preventivní minimum 26 Luboslav Fiala: Senior Academy. An Active – Self-confident – Informed Senior Citizen 32 Soňa Haluzová: Psychological Care for Employees of the Prison Service of the Czech Republic 39 Jan Kepka: Integration of Foreign Nationals in the Czech Republic 43 Jaromír Kolářík: Forensic Identification Marking of Bicycles, Compensatory Aids and Urban Furniture 56 Iva Koudelková: Urban System of Interdisciplinarity – the Role of the City of Brno in Prevention. Issues of Domestic Violence – Violence in the Family 63 Gabriela Lubelcová: Reflections on Penal Policy in Slovakia 64 Miroslav Mareš: Selected Issues of Contemporary Extremist Meetings in the Czech Republic 73 Lidija Pilat: To Move on From a Place – What a Challenge 84 Miroslav Scheinost: Immigration to the Czech Republic – Risks and Reactions of the Public 87 Karel Schmeidler, Kateřina Maršálková: Minimising Social Pathology and Crime by Adjusting the Urban Living Environment? 100 Ján Suchár: About Migration and a Little More 115 Jan Tomášek: About Turn, Forward March: The Effectiveness of Probation in the Light of Criminological Research 133 Martina Urbanová, Markéta Štěpáníková, Klára Brožovičová: The New Civil Code in the Context of Legal Awareness 147 Jan Veselý, Michaela Fialová: Drug Free Brno Project 174 2 At this point, it is polite and necessary to thank all those who participated in the promotion of the first season of National Crime Prevention Day in Brno. 3 BROCHURE OF THE CONTRIBUTIONS Stanislav Jabůrek A Few Sentences by Way of an Introduction Repetitio mater studiorum est. Repetition is also a necessity of life. Because not everything that we now consider to be new actually is new, and not everything that is new is also good. The same mistakes should not be repeated. The elimination of errors and mistakes by warning about them timely and in advance was also one of the ideas for which the National Preventive Day took place. The second idea was to analyse the causes of the swinging of the pendulum of history. In our specific case, whenever the shorter hand was pointing to the right, the area of crime prevention was significantly supported in the Czech Republic (unlike in other countries). And conversely – about 130 million crowns from the state budget came to 16 cities without their own participation in 1996. Today, when we have more than fifty cities involved, as well as regions and associations of municipalities, there is only about one third of that amount assigned to prevention projects in the Ministry’s budget. If we want and hope that it is our common interest to succeed in crime prevention, then it needs to be adequately financially provided for. This is also related to an unresolved position of the area of crime prevention in our legislation. Another such issue that is interwoven with the fields of crime, the fight against crime and crime prevention, has been, since time immemorial, corruption. The first anti-corruption reforms were already recorded on clay tablets from the period of Sumerian civilization. And already in those times it was about the machinations of civil servants for the purposes of their own enrichment. However, corruption does not mean just bribery. It also includes nepotism and clientelism. It is interesting to observe how those who came to the scene with the purest intentions get pulled into these networks. Anyway, it also applies here that if a person perpetrates a crime, they should be caught, questioned and investigated, charged, accused, tried, convicted and punished. Finally, the word “society” in the title of the conference can be replaced by a word such as community, city or region. And it applies here that only a safe society can develop. That is a society in which nobody’s life, health or property are threatened and no-one is blackmailed or susceptible to extortion. If only one of these items is missing then the society does not develop but stagnates, and progress is replaced by regression. Our 4 conference was also supposed to point this out. At the final plenary session of the second day of the meeting, a “Declaration of Brno” was adopted, the wording of which we are presenting to you. We, the participants of the first edition of the National Crime Prevention Day, hereby declare our willingness for further cooperation among all entities dealing with the issue of crime and its prevention. We support mutual meetings of a wide range of prevention entities through continuation of the National Prevention Days platform. We encourage central bodies, regional, municipal and local authorities, schools, institutes and institutions and non-governmental non-profit sector to support such meetings. We support further development of cooperation with the non-governmental sector, which we consider to be an essential pillar of civic society and an irreplaceable implementer of numerous helpful projects that are beneficial for crime prevention. We call for a larger support for scientific research in the area of criminology, continuous professional analysis of causes and conditions of crime and the perception of security among citizens at the local level, and for a more effective use of these findings in development of particular prevention programmes as well as conceptual and strategic documents related to crime prevention. We express our wish for crime prevention to be systematically and permanently embedded in our legal system. In relation with security threats and challenges, we intend to continue innovating and developing our activities at all levels and call for adequate financial support for prevention activities. In our professional and private life, we intend to strive to bring about a safe society where nobody’s life, health or property is threatened or subject to blackmail. 5 BROCHURE OF THE CONTRIBUTIONS Jiří Buriánek Domestic Violence as a Challenge for Empirical Research This paper aims to recapitulate the main findings on domestic violence gathered in the field of empirical research, which is not a routine matter, as it has to deal with a number of methodological problems. At the same time, we want to demonstrate that these difficulties are manageable and that research and surveys are nowadays solidly and reliably mapping the situation, thus offering numerous suggestions and certain guidelines for reflections on prevention (additional sources of information are offered for example by Čírtková, 2008, or Martinková et al., 2014). We have focused thematically on the issues of intimate partner violence. A specialised and targeted survey (we have in mind a quantitative and representative survey of victimological focus) can answer a number of essential questions: Does intimate partner violence (IPV) present a real problem? What data are available about it and how big is the problem? Who is affected by the problem, what structure does it have and what consequences does it bring? How is the issue perceived by the public? Violence against women The first systematic data basis was provided by a survey conducted in 2003; it was an international project entitled theInternational Violence Against Women Survey (IVAWS), which focused on violence against women (not only in partnership). It also offered a comparison of the level of victimisation in different parts of the world (we might be interested in countries such as Switzerland, Denmark, Poland, Australia ...). In the Czech Republic, 1980 women from 18 years of age were interviewed; we prepared specially trained female interviewers to conduct the interviews (F2F) and prepared quality materials for international publication (Johnson, Ollus and Nevala, 2008) as well as for a national report (Pikálková, 2004; Buriánek and Pikálková, 2013). In the period 2012-2014 we followed up with the project GAČR 404/12/2452 “Intimate partner violence: Follow-up research to IVAWS 2003” in an effort to replicate and expand on the original research (with topics such as stalking). We