UNIVERSITY of NEWCASTLE UPON TYNE FACULTY of LAW, ENVIRONMENT, and SOCIAL SCIENCES DEPARTMENT of POLITICS the SUNNI CONCEPT of J

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

UNIVERSITY of NEWCASTLE UPON TYNE FACULTY of LAW, ENVIRONMENT, and SOCIAL SCIENCES DEPARTMENT of POLITICS the SUNNI CONCEPT of J UNIVERSITY OF NEWCASTLE UPON TYNE FACULTY OF LAW, ENVIRONMENT, AND SOCIAL SCIENCES DEPARTMENT OF POLITICS THE SUNNI CONCEPT Of JIHAD IN CLASSICAL FIQH AND MODERN ISLAMIC THOU(HT BY ABDULRAHMAN MUHAMMAD ALSUMAIH PRESENTED FOR THE DE(REE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN DEPARTMENT Of POLITICS AT UNIVERSITY OF NEWCASTLE UPON TYNE FEBRUARY, 1 99 NEWCASTLE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY 091 52135 9 -icess LbOcS ABSTRACT This thesis has two main purposes. First, it aims to analyse the Shari 'h law of Jihd, through investigation of the Quran, the Sunria and the works of earlier prominent Muslim jurists (fuqaha) and therefore elucidate the nature of JihZzd and its components. It is the Muslims belief that the Holy Quran and the Sunna were fixed for all time during the foundation of Islam which therefore suggests that the Shari 'h law itself must be unchangeable as the Holy Quran and the Sunna are its two principal sources. However it is reasonable to assume that learned jurists, in applying the Shari 'h to a particular set of circumstances during their time, may interpret the Shari 'h in different ways. The second major purpose of this thesis is to test the hypothesis that human interpretation of the Shari 'h law on Jihad will differ over time. It therefore examines the jurists interpretations during the period from the beginning of the Umayyad dynasty to the present day. The comparison between this period, that of the Prophet's time and the Four Guided Caliphs is divided into three parts. The first is the Islamic State under the Umayyad, Abbasid and Ottoman dynasties. The second is the Islamist modernists of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The third is the group of Muslim religious scholars who are known as fundamentalists in the West. One of the key findings of this thesis is that there was a considerable difference in the interpretation of the law of Jihad by the modernists. Extraordinary though it is, this is the ne exception in over thirteen hundred years in which there seems to have been no significant changes in the interpretation of JihaTl by the fuqaha. This thesis investigates the role of the fuqah in applying Jihdto specific situations both by Islamic rulers and by the umma. This study also aims to clarify why, on the one hand the majority of classical Muslim juristsfuqah supported the use of Jihd to overthrow a kJIr ruler, they, on the other hand, refused the use of force to change an unjust Immam as the use of such force could lead to the JItna inside the Islamic state. These views of earlier jurists were of noticeable importance to contemporary scholars as the theory of Jihad in the past concentrated on the use of force against non-Muslims, whilst nowadays different angles are adopted by some groups who claim that Muslim rulers are apostate and therefore ask their followers to use force against them. This view led modern jurists to concentrate on such views and to disprove the evidence on which these groups have based their views. The thesis is about the law of Jihä and its interpretation and application in various circumstances, it is not about the practice of Jihad as such except in so far as changes in the way Jihad has been waged which have affected its interpretation by the fuqah and others. TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT..........................................................................................................................I TABLEOF CONTENTS ...................................................................................................... III ACKNOWLEDGEMENT.................................................................................................... Viii INTRODUCTION.............................................................................................................1-12 NOTESTO INTRODUCTION...............................................................................................12 CHAPTERONE ...........................................................................................................1365 THELAWOFJIHAD.........................................................................................................13 INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................................13 THEMEANING OF JIHAD ................................................................................................14 THE DISTINCTION BETWEEN JIHAD. AL-QITAL AND AL-IIARB .................................14 THELEGAL QUAUFICATION( HUKM) OF JIHAD .......................................................... 17 THEDIFFERENT STAGES OF JIHAD IN ISLAM .............................................................21 THEPURPOSE OF JIHAD ................................................................................................. 23 THECONCEPT OF JIHAD IN THE CAUSE OF ALLAH ....................................................35 FORMSOF JIHAD ............................................................................................................. 47 THEROLE OF THE IMAM IN THE DECLARATION OF JIHAD ........................................49 TERMINATIONOF JIHAD.................................................................................................51 iii CONCLUSION .54 NOTESTO CHAPTER ONE............................................................................................... 56 CHAPTERTWO......................................................................................................... 66-1 07 THE KINDS OF FIGHTING AND WHICH CALLED JIHAD IN ISLAMIC LAW.................... 66 INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................. 66 THEJIHAD AGAINST AL-MUSHRIKIN (POLYTHEJSTS) ............................................... 67 THE JIHAD AGAINST THE PEOPLE OF THE BOOK (ALIL AL-KITaB) ......................... 68 THEFIGHT AGAINST AHIL AL-RIDDA (APOSTASY)................................................... 71 THEFIGHT AGAINST AL-BUGHAT (REBELUON) ........................................................ 74 THEKHAWARIJ CONCEPTION OF JIHAD....................................................................... 80 THEFIGHT AGAINST AL-MUHAIUBIN (HIGHWAYMEN)............................................... 86 THEFIGHT AGAINST THE MUSIJMS IMAM................................................................... 87 1-TIlE FIGHT AGAINST THE JUST 111AM .............................................................................................. 91 2- THE FIGHT AGAiNST THE APOSTATE OR THE DISBELiEVING GOVERNOR ..................................92 3- THE FIGHT AGAINST THE UNJUST IMAII......................................................................................... 93 CONCLUSION..................................................................................................................... 98 NOTESTO CHAfTEJ TWO...............................................................................................99 CHAPTERTHREE................................................................................................... 108-i 74 ISLAMICLIMITATION ON WAGING JIHAD...................................................................108 iv INTRODUCTION .107 GENERAL RULES OF WEAPONS. io GENERALUSE OF WEAPONS........................................................................................109 l -THEUSEOFMAN6ONELS ............................................................................................................... 110 2-THEUSEOFFIRE............................................................................................................................. 111 3- THE USE OF POISONED ARROWS ................................................................................................... 115 ILLEGITIMATETARGETS .............................................................................................115 HUMANTARGETS..........................................................................................................116 NON-HUMAN TARGETS.................................................................................................. 124 THEMORALS OF JIHAD BEFORE FIGHTING ............................................................... I THEQUALIFICATIONS OF JIHAD ISTS ........................................................................137 TREATIES...................................................................................................................... 140 THETREATMENT OF PRISONERS OF WAR ................................................................. 144 THETREATMENT OF PRISONERS OF WAR BEFORE ISLAM ............................................................. I k4. TREATMENT OF PRiSONERS OF WAR iN ISLAMIC LAW ................................................................... 16 THE TREATMENT OF PRISONERS OF WAR ACCORDING TO OLD MUSLIM JURISTS ..........................................................................................................................152 CONCLUSION...................................................................................................................156 NOTES TO CHAPTER THREE..........................................................................................1 CHAPTERFOUR ....................................................................................................175-254 THE HISTORY OF JIHAD FROM THE TIME OF THE PROPHET UNTIL THE OTTOMANEMPIRE.........................................................................................................175 INTRODUCTION...............................................................................................................175
Recommended publications
  • Questions Answers 1 What Was the Famous Tribe in Mecca? Quraish 2
    # Questions Answers 1 What was the famous tribe in Mecca? Quraish 2 Name the parents of Muhammad (s)? Abdullah and Amina 3 Who was Abdul Muttalib? The grandfather of Mohammad(s) 4 What day was Muhammad (s) born? 12th of Rabiul Awwal the year of elephants 5 Where was Muhammad (s) born? City of Mecca 6 How many brothers and sisters did Muhammad (s) Mohammad(s) had no have? siblings. He was the only child 7 Can you name any significant event before Abraha’s elephant army Muhammad (s) was born? 8 Who was the lady who nursed him and what tribe Haleema Sadiya tribe of did she belong to? Sa’ad bin Bakr of Hawazin 9 What important event took place with the nurse? Jibrael cleansed his heart with Zam Zam water 10 Who took care of Muhammad (s) when his Abu Talib, his uncle grandfather passed away? 11 At what age was Muhammad (s) when his mother He was six years old passed away? 12 Name the place where Amina passed away? Abwa located between Mecca and Madina 13 Who brought Muhammad (s) to Mecca? Ume-Aimen 14 What was Muhammad (s) age when his Eight years old grandfather passed away? 15 Which city did Mohammad(s) go for business? Sham (Syria) 16 What profession was Muhammad (s) involved in? business 17 When did Mohammad(s) father pass away? Before Mohammad(s) birth 18 Who was Muhammad (s) first wife? Khadija (r) 19 What was Muhammad (s) wife impressed by? His honesty 20 Who did Muhammad (s) marriage ceremony? Abu Talib 21 Name all the children the couple had? Zainab, Ruqaiya, Ume- Kulthoom, Fatima, Qasim and Abdullah 22 Who was the mother of Ibrahim
    [Show full text]
  • Iv PENGARUH IDEOLOGI GERAKAN DAKWAH TABLIGH TERHADAP
    iv PENGARUH IDEOLOGI GERAKAN DAKWAH TABLIGH TERHADAP PEMBANGUNAN MASJID SEBAGAI PUSAT DAKWAH NURUL ‘ATHIQAH BINTI BAHARUDIN Tesis ini dikemukakan sebagai memenuhi syarat penganugerahan ijazah Doktor Falsafah (Senibina) Fakulti Alam Bina Universiti Teknologi Malaysia NOVEMBER 2016 iii Di tujukan kepada suami tercinta Mohd Fariz Bin Kammil, mama Jamilah Salim, mama Fadzilah Mahmood dan papa Kammil Besah yang tidak putus memberi dorongan, membantu dan mendoakanku, Arwah abah, Baharudin Abdullah yang menjadi pembakar semangat dan dorongan yang sentiasa percaya kebolehan dan tidak sempat melihat kejayaanku… Terima Kasih atas segalanya….. Al-Fatihah iv PENGHARGAAN Segala puji dan syukur ke hadrat Allah S.W.T, dengan rahmat dan kasih sayangnya serta selawat dan salam ke atas junjungan besar Nabi Muhammad S.A.W. beserta seluruh keluarga dan sahabat. Tesis ini dapat diselesaikan dalam jangka masa yang sepatutnya dan dalam keadaan yang mestinya. Penghargaan dan penghormatan dan setinggi ucapan terima kasih di ucapkan kepada penyelia Dr Alice Sabrina Ismail atas segala tunjuk ajar, bimbingan, dorongan, semangat yang tidak putus dan meluangkan masa semaksimum mungkin dalam proses menyelesaikan tesis ini. Penghargaan juga kepada semua tenaga pengajar di Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) yang menyumbang buah fikian juga PM Dr Mohamed Rashid bin Embi selaku pemeriksa dalam. Penghargaan dan terima kasih yang tidak terhingga juga kepada suami Mohd Fariz Bin Kammil yang membantu dalam kerja-kerja pengumpulan data, memberi dorongan dan semangat yang tidak kenal erti jemu dan putus asa. Ucapan terima kasih juga kepada mama saya dan kedua ibu bapa mertua yang sudi menjaga anakku Insyirah dan membantu bersama membesarkannya sepanjang pengajian dan proses menyelesaikan tesis ini. Doa dan pertolongan mereka sangat dihargai.
    [Show full text]
  • D:\Farzanul Haque (2015)
    THE FRAGRANCE OF EAST Vol. XXIII No. 1, 2 & 3 January To March 2021 Annual Subscription: Rs. 250 (per copy Rs. 25) in India $ 75 (USA, UK, Asian, African and European Countries) Cheques and Drafts may please be marked to: “The Fragrance of East” and sent to, Nadwatul Ulama, P.O. Box 93, Tagore Marg. Lucknow-226007, U.P. India Out-station cheques will not be accepted. A/c 10 863 759 664 IFSC Code No. SBIN 0000 125 State Bank of India, Main Branch, Lucknow. Phone. No. : 0522 - 2740406 E-mail: [email protected] Rs. 75/- The Fragrance of East Divine Judgement Founder: About Mankind Syed Abul Hasan Ali Nadwi (RAH) S. Abul Hasan Ali Nadwi Allah is the One Who sends down rain after men have given up all hope, and scatters His mercy far and wide. He is the Protector, Patron: Worthy of all praise. (al-Shüra 42:28) This Qur’änic verse embodies S.M. Rabey Hasani Nadwi immeasurable guidance for everyone. The “rain” in the verse may also be taken to mean anything that rescue as one and provides one with help in a crisis. It is Allah alone Who Advisory Board : comes to man’s rescue as he faces problems. Again, it is He Who lends man a Mohd. Hamza Hasani Nadwi supporting hand. As a dying person is revived when a drop of elixir is given him. Allah Shah Ebadur Rahman provides solace to the scorching earth by blessing it with rainfall. Allah responds to Shamsul Haque Nadwi man’s petition. At a time when everyone, including the high and the mighty, had despaired of rain, Allah sends down rain which revives the dead land.
    [Show full text]
  • Islamic Finance” After State-Sponsored Capitalist Islamism
    Working Paper ”Islamic Finance” After State-Sponsored Capitalist Islamism Mahmoud A. El-Gamal, Ph.D. Chair in Islamic Economics, Finance and Management, Rice University Rice Faculty Scholar, Baker Institute for Public Policy © 2017 by the James A. Baker III Institute for Public Policy of Rice University This material may be quoted or reproduced without prior permission, provided appropriate credit is given to the author and the James A. Baker III Institute for Public Policy. Wherever feasible, papers are reviewed by outside experts before they are released. However, the research and views expressed in this paper are those of the individual researcher(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of the James A. Baker III Institute for Public Policy. This paper is a work in progress and has not been submitted for editorial review. “Islamic Finance” after State-Sponsored Capitalist-Islamism Mahmoud A. El-Gamal Rice University December 2017 Abstract During the late part of the nineteenth century CE, nationalist-Islamism emerged as a theology of liberation from the realities of European colonialism under which most Muslims lived. This form of Islamism survived into the mid twentieth century, without significant thought being lent to the possibility or desirability of a so-called “Islamic finance.” Indeed, juristic developments during this period justified conventional financial practices, and many nationalist movements aimed merely to replace European financial institutions with indigenous ones focused on boosting domestic and re- gional economic development. Shortly after independence, and under the influence of global currents, the liberation theology of nationalist-Islamism mutated into a socialist-Islamism that focused on self reliance to defeat poverty and continued economic dependence of Muslim-majority countries.
    [Show full text]
  • 2020-05-25 Prohibited Words List
    Clouthub Prohibited Word List Our prohibited words include derogatory racial terms and graphic sexual terms. Rev. 05/25/2020 Words Code 2g1c 1 4r5e 1 1 Not Allowed a2m 1 a54 1 a55 1 acrotomophilia 1 anal 1 analprobe 1 anilingus 1 ass-fucker 1 ass-hat 1 ass-jabber 1 ass-pirate 1 assbag 1 assbandit 1 assbang 1 assbanged 1 assbanger 1 assbangs 1 assbite 1 asscock 1 asscracker 1 assface 1 assfaces 1 assfuck 1 assfucker 1 assfukka 1 assgoblin 1 asshat 1 asshead 1 asshopper 1 assjacker 1 asslick 1 asslicker 1 assmaster 1 assmonkey 1 assmucus 1 assmunch 1 assmuncher 1 assnigger 1 asspirate 1 assshit 1 asssucker 1 asswad 1 asswipe 1 asswipes 1 autoerotic 1 axwound 1 b17ch 1 b1tch 1 babeland 1 1 Clouthub Prohibited Word List Our prohibited words include derogatory racial terms and graphic sexual terms. Rev. 05/25/2020 ballbag 1 ballsack 1 bampot 1 bangbros 1 bawdy 1 bbw 1 bdsm 1 beaner 1 beaners 1 beardedclam 1 bellend 1 beotch 1 bescumber 1 birdlock 1 blowjob 1 blowjobs 1 blumpkin 1 boiolas 1 bollock 1 bollocks 1 bollok 1 bollox 1 boner 1 boners 1 boong 1 booobs 1 boooobs 1 booooobs 1 booooooobs 1 brotherfucker 1 buceta 1 bugger 1 bukkake 1 bulldyke 1 bumblefuck 1 buncombe 1 butt-pirate 1 buttfuck 1 buttfucka 1 buttfucker 1 butthole 1 buttmuch 1 buttmunch 1 buttplug 1 c-0-c-k 1 c-o-c-k 1 c-u-n-t 1 c.0.c.k 1 c.o.c.k.
    [Show full text]
  • Accéder Au Document
    [Maliks Muwatta] The Qur'an This page was generated automatically upon download from the Globethics.net Library. More information on Globethics.net see https://www.globethics.net. Data and content policy of Globethics.net Library repository see https:// repository.globethics.net/pages/policy Item Type Book chapter Authors Muwatta, Maliks Publisher Hadith Collection Rights With permission of the license/copyright holder Download date 27/09/2021 19:39:33 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12424/183600 Maliks Muwatta. Book : 15. The Qur'an. 015 : 001 : Section 130 Yahya related to me from Malik from Abdullah ibn Abi Bakr ibn Hazm that in a letter that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, sent to Amr ibn Hazm it said that no-one should touch the Qur'an unless he was pure. Malik said, "No-one should carry the Qur'an by its strap, or on a cushion, unless he is pure. If it were permissible to do so, it would also have been permissible to carry it in its cover. This is not because there is something on the hands of the one who carries it by which the Qur'an will be soiled, but because it is disapproved of for someone to carry the Qur'an without being pure out of respect for the Qur'an, and in order to honour it." Malik said, "The best thing that I have heard about this is the ayat 'None touch it except the purified.' (Sura 56 ayat 79) It ranks with the ayat in Surat Abasa (Sura 80), where Allah, the Blessed and Exalted, says, 'No, it is a reminder, and whoever wishes will remember it.
    [Show full text]
  • Characteristics of Ahad Hadith in Perspective of Sunni and Shia Madhhab and Its Relation to the Islamic Harmony
    IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science (IOSR-JHSS) Volume 21, Issue 1, Ver. 5 (Jan. 2016) PP 75-82 e-ISSN: 2279-0837, p-ISSN: 2279-0845. www.iosrjournals.org Characteristics of Ahad Hadith in Perspective of Sunni and Shia Madhhab and Its Relation to the Islamic Harmony Dr. H. Jamaluddin, MA Lecturer at Faculty of Islamic Studies UISU Medan, Indonesia Abstract: There are two largest madhhab in the world: Sunni and Shi’a. Each of these schools has different opinion about the hadith which can be used as a proposition of law. This dissent sometimes creates dispute and anarchic actions that leads to disharmony relationship in Muslim themself. This study tries to find out the factors that lead this different opinion between Sunni and Shi’a in understanding the hadith. Sunni argues that the hadith sourced from all over the companions of the Prophet Muhammad can be used as a proposition of law if it is valid or ṣaḥīḥ. All the companions of the Prophet, according to the Sunnis, are fair. As for the Hadith or Sunnah used by Shi’a is an authentic hadith narrated only by Ahlu Bait. The example of contradictory problem between Sunnis and Shi’a is mutʻah marriage. According to Sunni, this can of married is forbidden while Shi’a allow it. Sunni and Shi’a in establishing a legal marriage such as mut’ah equally refer to the hadith of Muhammad SAW. To maintain and create harmony between Sunni and Shi’a, it must be there is a mutual respect and appreciation for opinions outside his madhhab as long as the guidance are Qur'an and the hadith.
    [Show full text]
  • The Concept of Jihad in Islam
    IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science (IOSR-JHSS) Volume 21, Issue 9, Ver. 7 (Sep. 2016) PP 35-42 e-ISSN: 2279-0837, p-ISSN: 2279-0845. www.iosrjournals.org The Concept of Jihad In Islam Ramlan TengkuErwinsyahbana Nurul Hakim Abstract.:-It is an undisputable fact that jihad is an Islamic teaching that is explicitly mentioned in Quran, Hadith, ijma'as well as various fiqh literature from classical time to the contemporary time. Jihad term often used for things that are destructive by western scholars and society. For them, jihad is synonymous with terrorism. The similarization of the word Jihad with the word terrorism in the Western perception is strongly reinforced by a series of terror committed by Muslims in the name of jihad. These acts have been increasingly affecting the interpretation of the word jihad in a negative way although in reality that is not the case in a contemporary context. Jihad in contemporary understanding is not just a war against visible enemies but also a war against the devil and carnality. Even a war against visible enemies that are written in classical fiqh books has now replaced by a contemporary interpretation of jihad against the enemies, as was done by Dr. ZakirNaik. KEYWORDS:Concept, Jihad and Islam I. INTRODUCTION When the 9/11 attack hit the United States more than a decade ago, the term jihad became a trending topic worldwide. The US and other Western countries in general claim that the perpetrators of the 9/11 attack were following the doctrine of Jihad in Islam in order to fight against America and its allies around the world.
    [Show full text]
  • Abu Hurairah (R.A.) - the Narrator of the Most Hadith (Biography)
    7/26/2017 Abu Hurairah (r.a.) - The narrator of the most Hadith (Biography) ABU HURAIRAH (R.A.) - THE NARRATOR OF THE MOST HADITH (BIOGRAPHY) Abu Hurairah (r.a.) - The narrator of the most Hadith "An Abi Hurayra, radiyallahu anhu, qaal.' qaala Rasulullahi, sallallahu alayhi wa Sallam..." Through this phrase millions of Muslims from the early history of Islam to the present have come to be familiar with the name Abu Hurayrah(r.a.). In speeches and lectures, in Friday khutbahs and seminars, in the books of Hadith and Sirah, Fiqh and Ibadah, the name Abu Hurayrah(r.a.) is mentioned in this fashion: "On the authority of Abu hurayrah(r.a.), (May God be pleased with) him who said: The Messenger of God, (May God bless him and grant him peace) said... ". Through his prodigious efforts, hundreds of Ahadith or sayings of the Prophet(sallallahu alaiyhi wasallam) were transmitted to later generations. His is the foremost name in the roll of Hadith transmitters. Next to him comes the names of such companions as Abdullah the son of Umar, Anas the son of Malik, Umm ul-Mu'mininin A'ishah, Jabir ibn Abdullah and Abu Sa'id al-Khudri May Allah Ta'ala be pleased with them) all of whom transmitted over a thousand sayings of the Prophet(sallallahu alaiyhi wasallam). Abu Hurayrah(r.a.) became a Muslim at the hands of Tufayl ibn Amr the chieftain of the Daws tribe to which he belonged. The Daws lived in the region of Tihamah which stretches along the coast of the Red Sea in southern Arabia.
    [Show full text]
  • Differences in Fiqh Made Easy Part I and II
    Differences in Fiqh Made Easy At-Tahaarah (Purification) & As-Salaah (Prayer) Prepared by: Mohamed Baianonie (Imam at the Islamic Center of Raleigh, NC, USA) 2 List of Contents List of Contents…….……………………………………………………………………………. 2 Introduction………….……………………………………………………………………………. 9 At-Tahaarah (Purification)………….…………………………….…………………… 11 What are Physically Impure Things?...........……………………………………………………. 11 First: Confirmed Impurities (agreed upon by all scholars)……….………………………........ 13 Second: Controversial Impurities with the Stronger Opinion being Impure…………………. 14 Third: Controversial Impurities with the Stronger Opinion being Pure……………................ 14 How to Purify Things………………………………………………………………………………. 17 21 Sunan Al- Fitrah………………………...……………………………………………………… Going to the Bathroom…………………………………………………………………............. 24 Al-Wudhu’ (Ablution) ……………………..………………………………… 27 Obligatory Acts……………………………..………………………………..…………………….. 28 Agreed upon by the Muslim jurists………………………………………………………………. 28 Disagreed upon by Muslim jurists………………………………………………………............. 29 Ablution: Recommended (Sunan) Acts………………………………………........................... 31 Nullification of Ablution……………………………………………………………………………. 33 Agreed upon by Muslim jurists…………………………………………………......................... 33 Disagreed upon by Muslim jurists………………………………………………………………... 35 Actions which require ablution………………………………………………….......................... 38 Agreed upon by Muslim jurists……………………………………………..……………............. 38 Disagreed upon by Muslim jurists………………………………………………………............
    [Show full text]
  • Manchester Muslims: the Developing Role of Mosques, Imams and Committees with Particular Reference to Barelwi Sunnis and UKIM
    Durham E-Theses Manchester Muslims: The developing role of mosques, imams and committees with particular reference to Barelwi Sunnis and UKIM. AHMED, FIAZ How to cite: AHMED, FIAZ (2014) Manchester Muslims: The developing role of mosques, imams and committees with particular reference to Barelwi Sunnis and UKIM., Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/10724/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk 2 DURHAM UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF ANTHROPOLOGY Manchester Muslims: The developing role of mosques, imams and committees with particular reference to Barelwi Sunnis and UKIM. Fiaz Ahmed September 2013 Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Declaration I declare that this thesis is my own work and that, to the best of my knowledge and belief it contains no material previously published or written by another person except where dueacknowledgement has been made in the text.
    [Show full text]
  • Ilanrijpfitpr Leiipmiig Upralii Plane Hits Mountaintpp, 32 Dead, 10 Survivors
    rsiM - > AvMbgg Daily Net PnoB Ron IftAflB TWENTY-FOUR Far lha Warii Bndaf The Weather ' PRTOAY, OCrrOBER 28, 1968 Oetobor U , 1501 Fair and quit* cool tonight, Oatirbrntir Enrning Rmilb low in Um upper lO’a vrith ilanrijpfitpr lEiipmiig Upralii chance o f flraat in norm ally The Petannial Planters The British AmsMcan Club ooldor aoeUoiM. Fair and coo- day. Cooklaa, brownlea and 15,273 A bout Town Garden dub will meet Monday win have its annual Chiistmaa Lesson in Math Open H ouse Set ohUd’a homeroom. Allan L. Plairt NUw! Untied cool Sunday, high In 80*s. at 8 p.m. at the home of Mrs. party for members’ children pieces of Chke were sold for a Cone, principal, and Atty. Don­ Htmche*ter— 4 City o f ViUage Charm few cents each as dessert. ald P. Richter, PTO president, UWtod Fund oM cc ait 93S Jamea Britton, iSS Woodland 8t. who win he less than 9 years To Aid Biafrans 9 .• By Bennet PTO Oo-hoatessea are Mrs. Fted 'Bosa Mbet of the goods were made wW weioome parents. VWa. LXXXVIH, NO. 28 (EIGHTEEN PAGES—TV—TABLOm) MANCHESTER, CONN., SATURDAY, OCTOBER 26, 1968 Admrttelng on Paga IT) PR ICE t e n c e n t s * * * ■*. will be open tomorrow old by Chiistmaa Dec. 18 at 3 and Mrs. Herbert Huffield. Miss Mm. Doreen Johnson’s sixth by the students* pareots. ■ Woodland 1(C a.4n. to noon to" receive p.m. at the club house. The Bennet Junior High School MUllcent Jones will ifive instruc­ gradem at Nathan Hale Srinol ^ e total profta from the sale The ciily country In South '■•tam* from oanvAMera.
    [Show full text]