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Differences in Fiqh Made Easy Part I and II Differences in Fiqh Made Easy At-Tahaarah (Purification) & As-Salaah (Prayer) Prepared by: Mohamed Baianonie (Imam at the Islamic Center of Raleigh, NC, USA) 2 List of Contents List of Contents…….……………………………………………………………………………. 2 Introduction………….……………………………………………………………………………. 9 At-Tahaarah (Purification)………….…………………………….…………………… 11 What are Physically Impure Things?...........……………………………………………………. 11 First: Confirmed Impurities (agreed upon by all scholars)……….………………………........ 13 Second: Controversial Impurities with the Stronger Opinion being Impure…………………. 14 Third: Controversial Impurities with the Stronger Opinion being Pure……………................ 14 How to Purify Things………………………………………………………………………………. 17 21 Sunan Al- Fitrah………………………...……………………………………………………… Going to the Bathroom…………………………………………………………………............. 24 Al-Wudhu’ (Ablution) ……………………..………………………………… 27 Obligatory Acts……………………………..………………………………..…………………….. 28 Agreed upon by the Muslim jurists………………………………………………………………. 28 Disagreed upon by Muslim jurists………………………………………………………............. 29 Ablution: Recommended (Sunan) Acts………………………………………........................... 31 Nullification of Ablution……………………………………………………………………………. 33 Agreed upon by Muslim jurists…………………………………………………......................... 33 Disagreed upon by Muslim jurists………………………………………………………………... 35 Actions which require ablution………………………………………………….......................... 38 Agreed upon by Muslim jurists……………………………………………..……………............. 38 Disagreed upon by Muslim jurists………………………………………………………............. 38 Actions which ablution is preferred………………………………………….…......................... 39 Notes of importance concerning ablution………………………………………………............. 41 Ghusl (Bathing).................................................................................................................. 43 Actions which cause major ritual impurity……………………………………………...........…. 44 Agreed upon by Muslim jurists……………………………………………………………........... 44 Disagreed upon by Muslim jurists………………………………………………………............. 45 What is prohibited to do for someone in a state of major ritual impurity?............................. 46 Agreed upon by Muslim jurists……………………………………………………………........... 46 Disagreed upon by Muslim jurists………………………………………………………............. 46 Obligatory Actions…………………………………………………………………………............ 49 Agreed upon by Muslim jurists…………………………………………………......................... 49 Disagreed upon by Muslim jurists………………………………………………………............. 49 Recommended Actions……………………………………………………………………........... 50 Times and Events for which bathing is preferred………………………………………............ 51 Matters related to bathing…………………………………………………….…………….......... 52 Tayammum (Dry Ablution)…………………………………….………………………............. 54 What is permissible with dry ablution?.................................................................................. 56 Nullification of dry ablution…………………………………………….…………………............. 56 Wiping Over Casts, Wrappers, and Similar Items…………...…..…………………........... 57 3 Ruling of wiping…………………………………………………………...………………............. 58 When is it obligatory to wipe?............................................................................................... 58 Nullification of wiping…………………………………………………..……….………............... 58 Wiping on top of the shoes, slippers, and/or sandals………………..…….…………...... 60 Condition of wiping on top of footwear………………………………………………............. 60 Duration of wiping on top of footwear……………………………………..….…………............ 60 Where and how to wipe on top of footwear?......................................................................... 63 What nullifies wiping over the footwear?............................................................................... 64 Menstruation…………………………..…………………………………………………............. 65 Length of menstrual cycle………………………………………………………………............... 65 Minimal State of Purification………………………………………………………..……............. 65 Post-childbirth bleeding………………….….………………………………………................ 66 Maximum duration of post-childbirth bleeding…………….………………….…………........... 66 What is impermissible for the female during menses and post-childbirth bleeding?............ 66 Agreed upon by Muslim jurists……………………………………………………………........... 66 Disagreed upon by Muslim jurists………………………………………………………............. 67 Prolonged Blood Flow…………………………………………………………………............. 69 Summary of Purification………………………………………………………………............. 70 As- Salaah (Prayer)………………….…………………………………………………………………….. 71 Position of prayer in Islaam………………………………………………………………............ 71 The ruling of abandoning prayer…………………………………………………………............ 71 Debate about abandoning the prayer………………………………………...…………............ 73 Who must pray?.................................................................................................................... 73 The Number of Obligatory Prayers…………………………………...…………………............ 73 The Times of the Prayers…………………………………………………………………............ 74 Performing one rak'ah during the time of prayer………………………………………............. 75 Sleeping Through or Forgetting the Prayer……………………………………………............. 75 The Times in Which the Prayers are Prohibited………………………………………............. 75 Opinions of the Jurists Concerning Make Up Prayer After the Morning and Night Prayers….............................................................................................................................. 76 About Praying at Sunrise, Sunset, and while the Sun is at its Meridian…............................ 77 Voluntary Prayer at Dawn Before the Morning Prayer…………………………………........... 77 Voluntary Prayers while the Iqaamah Is Being Made………………………………………….. 78 Adhaan (call to prayer)……………………………………………………………….……........ 80 The event behind its legislation…………………………………………………………............. 80 Ruling of the adhaan and iqaamah………………………………………………………........... 82 How to do call to prayer?...................................................................................................... 82 At-Tathweeb……………………………………………………………………………….............. 83 The call to prayer before and at the beginning of the prayer time……………………............ 83 Sufficient time should be left between call to prayer and iqaamah…………………….......... 84 Whoever makes call to prayer makes the iqaamah……………………………………............ 84 The call to prayer and iqaamah for those who missed the proper time of prayer…….......... 84 Leaving the masjid after adhaan and before the prayer………………………………............ 85 4 Adhaan and iqaamah for women………………………………………………......................... 85 What is said between the adhaan and iqaamah………………………………………............. 85 Supplication after the adhaan……………………………………………………………............ 86 Conditions to be met by the one doing adhaan…………………………………………........... 86 Time between iqaamah and prayer……………………………………………......................... 88 How to do iqaamah?............................................................................................................. 88 What is disliked to do when making adhaan?....................................................................... 89 Prerequisites (Shuroot) of Prayer……………………………………………........................ 90 Obligatory (Waajebaat) Acts and Essential Actions (Arkaan) of Prayer……………… 95 Agreed upon by Muslim jurists……………………………………………………………........... 95 Disagreed upon by Muslim jurists………………………………………………………............. 96 What invalidates prayer?................................................................................................... 101 What does not invalidate prayer?......................................................................................... 103 Recommended (Sunan) actions of prayer……………………………………………….….. 106 Making (Qada') for missed prayer………………………………..…………………............... 122 Supererogatory Prayers (SalatutTatawu’)……………………….…………….………......... 124 Desirability of Offering Supererogatory Prayers in One's 124 House……………………….……………............. It is allowed to make supererogatory prayers while in sitting………………………............... 124 The Witr Prayer (Salat ul Witr)…………………………………………………….……........... 128 Ruling………………………………………………………………………………………............. 128 Time of Witr………………………………………………………………………………............... 128 Number of rak’ah for witr…………………………………………………………………............. 129 Description of witr………………………………………………………….................................. 129 Recitation during Witr…………………………………………………………………….............. 131 Qunut of Witr………………………………………………………………………………............. 131 When to read qunut for witr prayer……………………………………………………............... 132 Remembrance and supplication after Witr……………………………………………............... 133 No two witr prayers in one night………………………………………………........................... 134 Making up a missed Witr………………………………………………………........................... 134 The Late Night Prayer, (Tahajjud, Qiyaam ul Layl)………………..……........................... 135 Ettiquettes of late night prayer…………………………………………………………............... 136 The number of rak’ah to be performed during tahajjud……………………............................ 136 Making up the missed tahajjud………………………………………………………….............. 137 Praying taraweeh as a congregation during the nights of Ramadaan……........................... 137 The number of rak’ah to be performed taraweeh……………………………………............... 138 The Duha Prayer………………..……………………………………………………….............. 139 Number of rak’ah for the duha prayer…………………………………………………............... 139 The Istikhaarah Prayer (Salatul Istikhaarah)...……………………………………..............
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