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Fiqh of Worsip Workshop Fiqh of Worship Workshop Fiqh of Salah By: Manal Samy Recap Types of Impurities. Types of Water. Cleaning Impurities. How to perform Wudu? Tayammum. How to perform Ghusl? How to perform Masah? Modern Wudu Issues. Challenge Choose one topic that we discussed and summarize it in any form of your choice so that it could be presented in ONE minute Can we work in Groups? Fiqh of Prayer Importance of Prayer What if I missed a Prayer? Ruling on Abandoning the Prayer Pre-conditions of the Prayer Pillars/ Mandatory acts/ Recommended acts Invalidators of the Prayer Errors in the Prayer Fiqh of Prayer Importance of Prayer Covenant between us and Allah. Once broken, it takes a person outside the folds of Islam. The first thing that we will be questioned about on the day of Judgement. Protection from sins. It is the only act of worship that is done on a daily basis. A prayer is considered “Adaa” (offered in its proper time) when: 1st opinion: begins the starting takbeer before the next prayer comes in. 2nd opinion: complete one full raka’ah before the next prayer comes in. What if I missed a Prayer? Unintentionally: Pray it once you remember it and it’s called “Qad’aa” (make up). Intentionally: Make sincere tawbah Seek forgiveness from Allah. Make a commitment to not miss any prayer going forward. Pray voluntary prayers as much as possible. Ruling on Abandoning the Prayer َ﴿ﻣﺎ َﺳﻠَ َﻜ ُﻜ ْﻢ ﻓِﻲ َﺳ َﻘ َﺮ، َﻗ ُﺎﻟﻮا ﻟَ ْﻢ ﻧَ ُﻚ ِﻣ َﻦ ْاﻟ ُﻤ َﺼﻠِّ َﯿﻦ﴾ What has caused you to enter Hell?", They will say, "We were not of those who prayed”" Surah Muddaththir (74: 42-43) Pre-Conditions of The Prayer The time of prayer must have entered. State of wudu. Purity. Cover the awrah. Facing the Qiblah. Intention. Pillars/Mandatory Acts/Recommended Acts Pillars Mandatory acts Recommended acts - Does not invalidate the Must be made up prayer. AND sujuood al- Does not invalidate the If missed - A person should not go sahw must be prayer and sujuood al- unintentionally back to make it up. made. Otherwise, sahw is not required. - sujuood al-sahw must be prayer is invalid. made. If left Does not invalidate the Prayer is invalid Prayer is invalid intentionally prayer Steps of Prayer Invalidators of The Prayer Broken wudu. Foreign speech. Laughing. Extended Exposure of awrah. Eating and drinking. Continuous and prolonged movements. Invalidators of The Prayer A person having significant doubt in the intention of what salah is being prayed. Omitting a pillar and remembering after leaving the prayer place. Intentionally omitting an obligation of the prayer. Intentionally moving ahead of the Imam in prayer. Going back to the first tashahhud after missing it. Presence of najasah in the body/clothing/shoe (that you realized during the Prayer and can’t get rid of it while praying without interrupting the prayer, i.e. taking off the shoes) Errors in The Prayer Error Correction Do not return to the sitting position. Missing an obligation such as the 1st Continue the prayer until the final tashahhud. tashahhud in a 3- or 4-units prayer Right before saying the Tasleem, make the 2 sajdahs of forgetfulness. Adding an extra unit to the prayer Make the 2 sajdahs of forgetfulness after saying the Tasleem Doubting which unit, you are praying 2 sajdahs of forgetfulness should be done before the Tasleem. No matter what position and how far into the salah a person is, he/she must A pillar is missed return to that missed pillar and build the salah from there. Then 2 sajdahs of forgetfulness should be done after the Tasleem. Fiqh of Prayer Congregational Prayer Traveling & Combining Supererogatory Prayers Times when Salah is Prohibited Prayer of the Sick Person Friday prayer Eid Prayer Khushu' in Salah Congregational Prayer How should we form rows behind the Imam? What is the best row for men and women to pray behind the Imam? What is person’s “sutrah” (prayer zone)? How should we join an ongoing congregational prayer? Who should be an Imam? Can children lead the prayer? Etiquette of following the Imam It is discouraged to run in order to catch the congregational prayer. If ruku’ is obtained, the raka’ah is caught. Must begin by the takbirat al-ihram because it is a pillar. Whatever raka’ah of the Imam is caught, it becomes the first raka’ah of the latecomer. It is permissible to have a different intention than the Imam when praying a salah that has the same structure. If a traveler joins a resident Imam, he/she must follow the Imam and pray full instead of qasr (shortened prayer). Supererogatory Prayers The Rawaatib Prayers: Sunnah prayers that are associated with the 5 obligatory prayers. Prayer Sunnah Before Sunnah After Fajr 2 units - Zuhr 2 units and you can add 2 units more 2 units and you can add 2 units more Asr - - Maghrib - 2 units Isha - 2 units Witr Prayer Duha Prayer Qiyam al-Layl (The night prayer) Nafl of wudu Nafl of adhan Tahiyyat al-Masjid Salat al-istikhara Traveling & Combining There are 5 prayers, however, there are 3 time periods: Dawn: Fajr prayer. Afternoon: Zuhr and Asr prayers. Evening: Maghrib and Isha. An individual is allowed to combine prayers if there is a pressing need: Fajr cannot be combined with any prayer. Zuhr and Asr can be combined together. Maghrib and Isha can be combined together. Traveling & Combining Cont’d Reasons for Combining: Difficulty while traveling. Inclement weather. Situations that make it difficult to pray on time such as exam, work, surgery, etc. In each of the scenarios mentioned above, full units of prayers will be performed not shortened. Combining of the prayers is a concession and is done under extenuating circumstances. It should not be turned into a habit. Timeframe of a traveler: Hanafi school: when a person stays in a place for 15 days or less. Hanbali school: for a period of 21 prayers or less. Shafi’i school: 4 days. Concession of the Musafir (traveler) All 4-unit prayers are shortened and their Sunnahs are left out. Fajr is not shortened and its sunnah is performed. Maghrib remains 3 units and its Sunnah are left out. Witr prayer is performed. Traveler does not combine the prayer unless there is a need. Otherwise, he/she prays shortened units on their specified times. Safer opinion to follow is that a person becomes a traveler when embarking on a journey of more than 50 miles (80 km). Times when Nafl Salah is Prohibited After Fajr until sunrise. After Asr until sunset. Istiwa: when sun is at its zenith (highest point) in the sky (few mins before Zuhr). Prayer of the Sick Person said, "Pray while standing and if you can't, pray while sitting (ﷺ) The Prophet and if you cannot do even that, then pray Lying on your side." The majority of the scholars likened the coma to insanity, so a person is not required to make up any prayers unless s/he recovers from the coma before the time of the prayer is over. If it’s hard for a sick person to pray each prayer on its prescribed time, it’s permissible to combine Zuhr & Asr, Maghrib & Isha. Fajr should always be prayed on its prescribed time. Friday Prayer Consists of 2 units. Every single male that is resident is obligated to attend. Women, children, and travelers are not obligated. Should ideally be offered in a big masjid where the community can gather. Its time starts at zuhr, however, some scholars allow for it to begin before zuhr. The prayer is preceded by a sermon that must be attended by arriving at the masjid before the khutbah begins and listened to attentively. Sunnah is to shower on Friday, put on one’s best clothes, and wear perfume (for men only). If a person arrives at the end of the second raka’ah where the Imam is in sajdah, the latecomer will then make up 4 raka’ahs of zuhr NOT two raka’ahs. Eid Prayer It is a communal obligation. Prayed at Duha time. Prayed outside in a large open area. 2 units with extra takbeer. Surah Aa’la is recited in the 1st raka’ah and Surah Ghashiyah is recited in the 2nd raka’ah The prayer is performed first and then the khutbah is given. The Eid khutbah is optional to listen to whereas the Jumu’ah khutbah is obligatory to listen to. urged everyone to attend the Eid prayer including children, women in their (ﷺ) The Prophet menses, the elderly, and so on. It is a day of glorifying Allah. Khushu' in Salah Khushu’ means to be still, calm, quiet. In the context of salah, it means: The heart is still from external thoughts. The mind is empty of thoughts. The body is focused on the worship of Allah. Recap and Kahoot Importance of Prayer Congregational Prayer Traveling & Combining What if I missed a Prayer? Supererogatory Prayers Ruling on Abandoning the Prayer Times when Salah is Prohibited Pre-conditions of the Prayer Prayer of the Sick Person Pillars/ Mandatory / Recommended acts Friday prayer Invalidators of the Prayer Eid Prayer Errors in the Prayer Khushu' in Salah 28 .
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