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In Control’ at All Times 2nd Edition Embarking on a crisis management mission? This handbook will accompany you the whole way through the mission and back home. It will serve you as an introduction to crisis management missions with hands-on information and practical advice for your everyday life and work in the field. This handbook offers a concise and handy overview and illustrates relevant concepts in clear and simple language – to help you stay ‘in control’ at all times. A Practical Guide A Practical Civilian for Experts in Crisis Management Missions Working In Control A Practical Guide for Civilian Experts In Control Working in Crisis Management Missions This publication has been produced with the financial assistance of the European Union. The contents of this publication are the sole responsibil- ity of the Center for International Peace Operations (ZIF) and its partners and can in no way be taken to reflect the views of the European Union. www.entriforccm.eu 2nd Edition In Control A Practical Guide for Civilian Experts Working in Crisis Management Missions This publication was produced by the European capacity building programme ENTRi (Europe’s New Training Initiative for Civilian Crisis Management) and financed by the European Union through the Instrument contributing to Stability and Peace. 2 3 Edited by Silva Lauffer and Johannes Hamacher Copyright © 2014 by the Center for International Peace Operations (ZIF), Berlin – on behalf of ENTRi First published 2013 Suggested citation: ENTRi Handbook In Control: A Practical Guide for Civilian Experts Working in Crisis Management Missions, ed. by Silva Lauffer and Johannes Hamacher, 2nd edn (Berlin: Center for International Peace Operations (ZIF), 2014) Design gehret-design, Albert Gehret www.gehret.com Illustrations özi’s comix studio, Sebastian “Özi” Jenal www.oezicomix.com Photos p.26: UN Photo/Christopher Herwig • p.27: Photo/J. Speidel • p.40: Photo/D. Peavoy, Irland • p.49: UN Photo/Marie Frechon • p.57: UN Photo/Marco Dormino • p.60: UN Photo/Igor Vasilev • p.71: Photo/J. Speidel • p.79: UN Photo/Igor Vasilev • p.88: Photo/R. Esmati • p.97: UN Photo/John Isaac Print Königsdruck GmbH, Berlin Contact Center for International Peace Operations (ZIF) Ludwigkirchplatz 3-4 10719 Berlin Germany www.zif-berlin.org www.entriforccm.eu 4 5 The main focus of ENTRi is on the preparation and training of civilians working in crisis management missions worldwide. Such missions include those of the EU, the UN, the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) and the African Union Foreword (AU). ENTRi is an initiative funded by the European Commission and co-funded by its implementing Since the Treaty of Lisbon entered into force on partners from 12 different EU Member States and 1 December 2009, the contribution of the European Switzerland. Union (EU) to conflict prevention and crisis manage- ment has increased considerably. Europe is making The EU has deployed civilian and military missions an increasingly valuable contribution to peacebuilding and operations on three continents. The EU’s abil- worldwide. ity to deploy external assistance, civilian, police and military instruments together is a particular strength, To underline Europe’s comprehensive approach to and one of the main features of its comprehensive its crisis response operations around the world and approach to crisis response and management, as well EU support for the work of the United Nations (UN) as peacebuilding. and other key international players, I am delighted to introduce In Control: A Practical Guide for This handbook, which is also available online, is Civilian Experts Working in Crisis Management Missions. intended to serve as an introduction to the nature of This handbook has been produced under Europe’s the work in peace operations and crisis management New Training Initiative for Civilian Crisis Management missions. It is not intended to provide strategic or policy (ENTRi), a unique capacity building programme that guidance. Rather, it aims to provide field personnel was created by the EU’s Instrument for Stability. who are being deployed on a mission with practical information which we hope will prove useful for daily work in the field. The ENTRi team has tried to make 6 7 this handbook as concise and practical as possible, while also doing justice to the broad areas of work that many of our operations or those of our partners are engaged in. Together with all my colleagues in the European External Action Service and the European Commis- sion, I take this opportunity to wish the users of this handbook all the very best as you embark on your new assignments. Catherine Ashton High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy Vice-President of the European Commission 8 9 Contents 4. The African Union (AU) 64 AU peace operations 65 AU structures for peace and security 66 Acknowledgements 16 5. The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) 69 Military instruments and operations 70 Introduction 18 C. How are missions established? 71 Chapter 1 1. Mission mandates 72 Situating yourself within the 2. Mission setup: The European Union way 73 3. Mission setup: The United Nations way 79 crisis management framework 22 D. Thematic issues and priority areas in missions 83 A. What are the different types of missions? 23 1. Security sector reform (SSR) 83 1. Conflict prevention and mediation 24 2. Disarmament, demobilisation and reintegration (DDR) 87 2. Peace enforcement 25 3. Rule of law 88 3. Peacemaking 26 4. Police 90 4. Peacekeeping 26 5. Human rights and gender 93 5. Monitoring 27 E. Cooperation and coordination approaches 96 6. Peacebuilding 28 1. The European Union’s comprehensive approach (CA) 99 B. What are the major international 2. UN Policy on Integrated Assessment and Planning 100 organisations in the field? 29 3. The UN’s cluster approach 101 1. The European Union (EU) 30 Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) 32 Chapter 2 Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP) 39 Guiding principles 104 2. The United Nations (UN) 46 UN peace operations 49 1. Context sensitivity/do no harm 104 Main structures of UN peace operations 53 2. Local ownership 106 3. The Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) 60 3. Human security 108 OSCE field operations 61 4. Resolution 1325 110 Main structures of OSCE field operations 63 5. Protection of civilians 112 6. Responsibility to protect (R2P) 116 10 11 Chapter 3 3. Human rights 171 Preparing for deployment 118 4. Child protection 173 5. Refugee rights 176 A. Understanding the situation 118 D. Managing communication and media relations 178 1. Where are you going? 119 1. Personal communication 178 2. Why are you going there? 122 2. Internal communication 179 3. Crisis communication 180 B. What should you do before departure? 123 4. Media monitoring and rebuttals 181 1. Domestic arrangements 123 2. Medical arrangements 127 E. Dress codes and uniforms 183 3. Professional arrangements 131 F. Addressing the language barrier 187 C. What should you pack before departure? 135 1. Learning the local language 187 1. Documents and related items 136 2. Working with an interpreter 188 2. Personal items 137 3. Medical preparations 139 G. Go green. Be green. 193 1. Reduce waste 194 2. Reduce emissions 197 Chapter 4 3. Use resources sparingly 198 How to cope with everyday 4. Take action, raise awareness! 202 reality in the field 144 Chapter 5 A. Procedures and code of conduct 147 Dealing with health, safety and 1. Standard operating procedures (SOPs) 147 204 2. Respect the code of conduct and ethical principles 148 security challenges 3. Sexual abuse 152 4. Corruption 154 A. Staying healthy 205 1. General health advice 205 B. Cultural sensitivity and diversity 156 2. Hygiene 207 3. Common illnesses: diarrhoea, fever and malaria 211 C. Crosscutting concepts and themes 160 4. Treating infections, parasites and bites 214 1. Mentoring and advising 160 5. Dealing with climatic extremes 219 2. Gender 165 12 13 6. Mental health and stress management 221 Chapter 7 7. Substance abuse 236 Handover and departure 322 8. First aid 241 B. Staying safe 242 A. Final in-country steps 322 1. At your residence, at work and during recreational time 243 1. Handover 322 2. Fire safety 245 2. Closing a programme 324 3. On the road 249 3. Final report 327 4. Individual protective gear 256 4. Mission debrief 328 5. Mine hazards 260 B. Returning home 329 1. Medical checkup 329 Chapter 6 2. Reintegration: work and family 330 Technical considerations 272 Abbreviations 336 A. Communications equipment 272 Bibliography 342 1. Radio 273 Annex 351 2. Mobile phones 279 3. Satellite communications (SATCOM) 281 4. Internet/computers 284 B. Map reading and navigation 285 1. Navigation aids 286 2. Map coordinates 293 3. Compass 298 4. Global Positioning System (GPS) 301 5. Planning 307 C. Four-wheel driving 314 1. General principles of four-wheel driving 316 2. Vehicle checklist 317 3. Armoured vehicles 318 14 15 Acknowledgements This book is based on existing knowledge and In addition, we are grateful to the European generally appreciated handbooks. We would therefore External Action Service (EEAS) for providing us with their like to acknowledge our main sources and express Handbook for Spokespersons in EU Common Security our deep gratitude for all valuable contributions to and Defence Policy (CSDP) missions and operations the present manual. and we would like to thank the Service for Foreign Policy Instruments (FPI) of the European Commission In particular, we would like to thank the and the EEAS for assisting with a general accuracy International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) for check on EU aspects. their kind permission to include parts of Daniel Lloyd Roberts’ Staying Alive, the Australian Government Last but not least, we are thankful for contributions Attorney-General’s Department for permission to use made by Michelle Kasdano and Claire Goudsmit as content from the Australian Emergency Management well as the input provided by colleagues at the Center Handbook series and the United Nations Office for for International Peace Operations (ZIF).
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