CPU ボードカタログ サポート CPU Intel ：Core I7、Xeon-E5 Freescale ：T4240、P4080、MPC8640D AMD ：Radeon HD 6970M、HD 7970M GPGPU NVIDIA ：Fermi、Kepler Architecture GPGPU
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Charactersing the Limits of the Openflow Slow-Path
Charactersing the Limits of the OpenFlow Slow-Path Richard Sanger, [email protected] Brad Cowie, [email protected] Matthew Luckie, [email protected] Richard Nelson, [email protected] University of Waikato, New Zealand 28 November 2018 The Question How slow is the slow-path? © THE UNIVERSITY OF WAIKATO • TE WHARE WANANGA O WAIKATO 2 Contents • Introduction to the Slow-Path • Motivation • Test Suite • Test Methodology • Results • Conclusions © THE UNIVERSITY OF WAIKATO • TE WHARE WANANGA O WAIKATO 3 OpenFlow Packet-in and Packet-out To move packets between the controller and network, packets are encapsulated in OpenFlow packet-in and packet-out messages and sent via the slow-path. © THE UNIVERSITY OF WAIKATO • TE WHARE WANANGA O WAIKATO 4 The Fast-Path ASIC OpenFlow Agent Ingress Egress OpenFlow Switch Network © THE UNIVERSITY OF WAIKATO • TE WHARE WANANGA O WAIKATO 5 The Slow-Path (Packet In) ASIC OpenFlow Agent Packet in OpenFlow Switch Network Control-Plane Network OpenFlow Application NIC Controller © THE UNIVERSITY OF WAIKATO • TE WHARE WANANGA O WAIKATO 6 Motivation: Control Traffic Requirements Control traffic is sensitive to bandwidth and latency Latency • Keep-alives • Flow Establishment (Reactive control) Bandwidth • Initial route exchange (BGP etc.) • Capture (Network debugging) • DoS (Misconfiguration, ICMP, etc.) © THE UNIVERSITY OF WAIKATO • TE WHARE WANANGA O WAIKATO 7 Motivation: Control Traffic Requirements Control traffic requirements must be met simultaneously. Example: consider the requirement of link detection probing. • Typical Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD) requirements • < 50ms • 2,880pps (48 port switch) © THE UNIVERSITY OF WAIKATO • TE WHARE WANANGA O WAIKATO 8 Motivation: Shared Resource The slow-path is shared with all other OpenFlow messages. -
Avionics Hardware Issues 2010/11/19 Chih-Hao Sun Avionics Software--Hardware Issue -History
Avionics Hardware Issues 2010/11/19 Chih-hao Sun Avionics Software--Hardware Issue -History -HW Concepts History -FPGA vs ASIC The Gyroscope, the first auto-pilot device, was -Issues on • Avionics Computer introduced a decade after the Wright Brothers -Avionics (1910s) Computer -PowerPC • holds the plane level automatically -Examples -Energy Issue • is connected to computers for missions(B-17 and - Certification B-29 bombers) and Verification • German V-2 rocket(WWII) used the earliest automatic computer control system (automatic gyro control) • contains two free gyroscopes (a horizontal and a vertical) 2 Avionics Software--Hardware Issue -History -HW Concepts History -FPGA vs ASIC Avro Canada CF-105 Arrow fighter (1958) first used -Issues on • Avionics Computer analog computer to improve flyability -Avionics Computer is used to reduce tendency to yaw back and forth -PowerPC • -Examples F-16 (1970s) was the first operational jet fighter to use a -Energy Issue • fully-automatic analog flight control system (FLCS) - Certification and Verification • the rudder pedals and joysticks are connected to “Fly-by-wire” control system, and the system adjusts controls to maintain planes • contains three computers (for redundancy) 3 Avionics Software--Hardware Issue -History -HW Concepts History -FPGA vs ASIC NASA modified Navy F-8 with digital fly-by wire system in -Issues on • Avionics Computer 1972. -Avionics Computer • MD-11(1970s) was the first commercial aircraft to adopt -PowerPC computer-assisted flight control -Examples -Energy Issue The Airbus A320 series, late 1980s, used the first fully-digital - • Certification fly-by-wire controls in a commercial airliner and Verification • incorporates “flight envelope protection” • calculates that flight envelope (and adds a margin of safety) and uses this information to stop pilots from making aircraft outside that flight envelope. -
Chapter 1. Origins of Mac OS X
1 Chapter 1. Origins of Mac OS X "Most ideas come from previous ideas." Alan Curtis Kay The Mac OS X operating system represents a rather successful coming together of paradigms, ideologies, and technologies that have often resisted each other in the past. A good example is the cordial relationship that exists between the command-line and graphical interfaces in Mac OS X. The system is a result of the trials and tribulations of Apple and NeXT, as well as their user and developer communities. Mac OS X exemplifies how a capable system can result from the direct or indirect efforts of corporations, academic and research communities, the Open Source and Free Software movements, and, of course, individuals. Apple has been around since 1976, and many accounts of its history have been told. If the story of Apple as a company is fascinating, so is the technical history of Apple's operating systems. In this chapter,[1] we will trace the history of Mac OS X, discussing several technologies whose confluence eventually led to the modern-day Apple operating system. [1] This book's accompanying web site (www.osxbook.com) provides a more detailed technical history of all of Apple's operating systems. 1 2 2 1 1.1. Apple's Quest for the[2] Operating System [2] Whereas the word "the" is used here to designate prominence and desirability, it is an interesting coincidence that "THE" was the name of a multiprogramming system described by Edsger W. Dijkstra in a 1968 paper. It was March 1988. The Macintosh had been around for four years. -
Abaco Systems / SBS CM6 Series Datasheet
Full-service, independent repair center -~ ARTISAN® with experienced engineers and technicians on staff. TECHNOLOGY GROUP ~I We buy your excess, underutilized, and idle equipment along with credit for buybacks and trade-ins. Custom engineering Your definitive source so your equipment works exactly as you specify. for quality pre-owned • Critical and expedited services • Leasing / Rentals/ Demos equipment. • In stock/ Ready-to-ship • !TAR-certified secure asset solutions Expert team I Trust guarantee I 100% satisfaction Artisan Technology Group (217) 352-9330 | [email protected] | artisantg.com All trademarks, brand names, and brands appearing herein are the property o f their respective owners. Find the Abaco Systems / SBS CTM19 at our website: Click HERE DATASHEET CM6 PowerPC® MPC 8641D 3U CompactPCI™ Embedded Computer The CM6 is a 3U CompactPCI CPU board are addressed with an optional extended with integrated dual core or single core temperature range of -40 °C to +85 °C and FEATURES: Freescale MPC8641 processor. The conformal coating. Shock and vibration • Freescale™ PowerPC® MPC8641 MPC8641D follows the system on a chip immunity is designed in with stiffener bars, in single or dual core with approach by integrating the memory wedge locks and conduction cooling. AltiVec™ controller, Ethernet channels, PCI Express as • Freescale 8640/8640D ready well as UARTs and timers. The CM6 provides a unique feature set, including up to 1 Gbyte of DDR2 SDRAM • Up to 1333 MHz The processor includes one or two execution with ECC, system and non-system mode • Integrated 64 Kbyte L1 and 1 cores in a single processor case, each core support for the CPCI backplane, one PMC Mbyte L2 cache per core with its own L1 and L2 cache including interface (64-bit/100 MHz). -
With the New Power Mac G4, You'll Be Able to Make Movies
Power Mac G4 With the new Power Mac G4, you’ll be able to make movies, create music CDs, and even produce your own DVD videos. Now with five slots—one AGP 4X graphics slot and four high-performance PCI slots—it’s the most expandable Macintosh ever. Most of all, the Power Mac G4 is fast—with a PowerPC G4 processor at up to 733 megahertz, a state-of-the-art NVIDIA GeForce2 graphics card, and an improved system architecture. In fact, the multitalented Power Mac G4 redefines all previous notions of what a desktop computer can do. Power Mac G4 Features With outstanding performance, state-of-the-art graphics, and incredible expandability, the new Power Mac G4 is the fastest and most expandable Macintosh ever. But the Power Mac G4 Speed redefined • Fastest-ever PowerPC G4 with Velocity Engine, goes even further by including innovative tools for creating movies, music CDs, and even up to 733-MHz processing speed DVD videos. • Optional dual 533-MHz PowerPC G4 processors • New on-chip level 2 cache and backside level 3 Supercomputing-caliber processors and an improved system architecture give this computer cache (667-MHz and 733-MHz systems) • New high-performance graphics cards and AGP its power. Processor-intensive tasks such as color conversions, Gaussian blurs, and video special 4X slot effects execute faster than ever. In optimized applications such as Adobe Photoshop and Apple • 133-MHz system bus and PC133 SDRAM up Final Cut Pro, multiprocessor Power Mac G4 systems can achieve exponential gains in speed 1 to 1.5GB over single-processor systems. -
EC Energy Star Database Laptop Computers Archive 2001-2005
Brand Model Watts in Watts Mode Sleep in Watts On / Idle CPU Speed RAM (MB) HD (GB) (KB) Cache RAM Video (MB) Operating system optical storage Supply Power (Watts) Year PD_ID Acer Aspire 1202XC (10 GB) 2.76 Celeron 1200 256 10 256 XP Pro CD r 60 2002 10104 Acer Aspire 1202XC (20 GB) 2.74 Celeron 1200 256 20 256 XP Pro CD r 60 2002 10105 Acer Aspire 1200XV (10GB) 2.72 Celeron 1000 128 10 XP Pro CD r 60 2002 10106 Acer Aspire 1200XV (20 GB) 2.72 Celeron 1000 256 20 XP Pro CD r 60 2002 10107 Acer Aspire 1200X 2.72 Celeron 1000 128 10 XP Pro CD r 60 2002 10108 Acer MS2110 1.40 40.20 P 4 1700 128 20 256 16 CD r 70 2002 10112 Acer MS2114 1.60 41.00 P 4 1700 128 40 256 16 CD r 70 2002 10113 Acer MS2103 1.50 35.00 P 3 1200 128 20 256 11 CD r 70 2002 10114 Acer TravelMate 260 2.20 19.50 P 3 1130 256 20 256 CD r 60 2002 10115 Acer MS2109 2.20 19.50 P 3 150 256 20 256 XP Pro CD r 60 2002 10116 Acer TravelMate 270 series 2.12 P 4 1700 256 30 512 CD r 65 2002 10117 Acer Aspire 1400 Series 1.63 P 4 2000 256 30 512 DVD r / CD 90 2002 10118 rw Acer MS2101 1.40 P 3 700 128 30 512 8 CD r 50 2002 10119 Acer Aspire 1200 Series 2.66 Celeron 1300 256 20 256 CD r 60 2002 10120 Acer TravelMate 420 Series 2.15 P 4 2400 256 40 XP DVD r 90 2002 10121 Acer TravelMate 350 (XGA, 13.3") 8.80 18.80 P 3 700 248 9.59 256 8 W ME CD r 60 2003 10081 Acer TravelMate 530 Series 2.00 P 4 2400 512 40 512 XP DVD r 75 2003 1000211 Acer Aspire 1310 (also in 14.1", 2.9 kg 0.80 AMD 2000 60 512 32 XP DVD r / CD 75 2003 1003531 version) rw Acer TravelMate 430 Series 4.50 P 4 3060 512 -
Powerpc G5 White Paper December 2003 White Paper 2 Powerpc G5
PowerPC G5 White Paper December 2003 White Paper 2 PowerPC G5 Contents Page 3 Introduction Page 4 The World’s First 64-Bit Desktop Processor An Exponential Leap in Computing Power Memory Addressing up to 18 Exabytes High-Precision Calculations in a Single Clock Cycle Clock Speeds up to 2GHz Industry-Leading 1GHz Frontside Bus Full Support for Symmetric Multiprocessing Native Compatibility with 32-Bit Application Code Page 7 Next-Generation PowerPC Architecture Ultrafast Access to Data and Instructions Highly Parallel Execution Core Aggressive Queuing and Register Renaming Optimized 128-Bit Velocity Engine Two Double-Precision Floating-Point Units Two Integer Units Two Load/Store Units Condition Register Three-Component Branch Prediction Logic State-of-the-Art Process Technology from IBM Page 11 Technical Specifications White Paper 3 PowerPC G5 Introduction Key Features The revolutionary PowerPC G5 changes everything you know about personal computing. Suddenly, the next generation of high-performance applications for design and graphics, • 64-bit architecture, capable of addressing media production, and scientific research is possible and practical on the desktop. That’s 18 exabytes of memory • Clock speeds up to 2GHz because the PowerPC G5 brings a 64-bit architecture to the Mac platform—ushering in • 1GHz frontside bus for throughput of up to an exciting new era in personal computing. 8 GBps per processor The introduction of the PowerPC G5 is a product of Apple’s partnership with IBM, lever- • Dual independent 1GHz frontside buses in aging the most advanced chip design and manufacturing expertise in the world. The dual processor systems results are phenomenal: 130-nanometer fabrication technology, 2GHz clock speeds, and • Superscalar execution core supporting up to an all-new PowerPC architecture. -
Embedded Computing Product Guide Our Customers Operate in Many Diverse Markets
Embedded Computing for Business-Critical Continuity™ Embedded Computing Product Guide Our customers operate in many diverse markets. What unites them is a need to work with a company that has an outstanding record as a reliable supplier. That’s Emerson Network Power. That’s the critical difference. The Embedded Computing business of Emerson Network Power enables original equipment manufacturers and systems integrators to develop better products quickly, cost effectively and with less risk. Emerson is a recognized leading provider of embedded computing solutions ranging from application-ready platforms, embedded PCs, enclosures, motherboards, blades and modules to enabling software and professional services. For nearly 30 years, we have led the ecosystem required to enable new technologies to succeed including defining open specifications and driving industry-wide interoperability. This makes your integration process straightforward and allows you to quickly and easily build systems that meet your application needs. Emerson’s engineering and technical support is backed by world-class manufacturing that can significantly reduce Table of Contents your time-to-market and help you gain a clear competitive edge. And, as part of Emerson, the Embedded Computing 4 AdvancedTCA Products business has strong financial credentials. 9 Commercial ATCA Products Let Emerson help you improve time-to-market and shift 10 Motherboard & COM Products your development efforts to the deployment of new, 14 RapiDex™ Board Customization value-add features and services that create competitive 15 OpenVPX Products advantage and build market share. With Emerson behind you, anything is possible. 16 VME Products 18 CompactPCI Products 20 Solution Services 21 Innovation Partnership Program 22 Terms & Conditions 2 Our leadership and heritage includes embedded computing solutions for military, aerospace, government, medical, automation, industrial and telecommunications applications. -
Computer Architectures an Overview
Computer Architectures An Overview PDF generated using the open source mwlib toolkit. See http://code.pediapress.com/ for more information. PDF generated at: Sat, 25 Feb 2012 22:35:32 UTC Contents Articles Microarchitecture 1 x86 7 PowerPC 23 IBM POWER 33 MIPS architecture 39 SPARC 57 ARM architecture 65 DEC Alpha 80 AlphaStation 92 AlphaServer 95 Very long instruction word 103 Instruction-level parallelism 107 Explicitly parallel instruction computing 108 References Article Sources and Contributors 111 Image Sources, Licenses and Contributors 113 Article Licenses License 114 Microarchitecture 1 Microarchitecture In computer engineering, microarchitecture (sometimes abbreviated to µarch or uarch), also called computer organization, is the way a given instruction set architecture (ISA) is implemented on a processor. A given ISA may be implemented with different microarchitectures.[1] Implementations might vary due to different goals of a given design or due to shifts in technology.[2] Computer architecture is the combination of microarchitecture and instruction set design. Relation to instruction set architecture The ISA is roughly the same as the programming model of a processor as seen by an assembly language programmer or compiler writer. The ISA includes the execution model, processor registers, address and data formats among other things. The Intel Core microarchitecture microarchitecture includes the constituent parts of the processor and how these interconnect and interoperate to implement the ISA. The microarchitecture of a machine is usually represented as (more or less detailed) diagrams that describe the interconnections of the various microarchitectural elements of the machine, which may be everything from single gates and registers, to complete arithmetic logic units (ALU)s and even larger elements. -
Characterising the Limits of the Openflow Slow-Path
Characterising the Limits of the OpenFlow Slow-Path Richard Sanger Brad Cowie Matthew Luckie Richard Nelson University of Waikato University of Waikato University of Waikato University of Waikato [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Abstract—The OpenFlow standard accommodates network whole network. Their paper identified issues that still needed control traffic by providing packet in and out messages for investigating, including the scalability of the slow-path and the sending packets between the network and controller. We conduct need for additional performance profiling. comprehensive measurements of the performance of this control architecture in different configurations across five hardware The exact requirements on control traffic will vary depend- switches, each from a different vendor, representing a broad ing on the mix protocols used, so we use the requirements range of OpenFlow offerings, from implementations built on of Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD) [3] to illustrate legacy ASIC architectures, to those implemented solely with challenging requirements on both latency and bandwidth. OpenFlow in mind. The best performing switch achieved a BFD is a technique used to detect failure of the forwarding- maximum mean packet-in rate of 5,145 messages per second, representing less than 3Mbps of traffic. Additionally, all switches plane quickly. BFD is usually implemented in hardware by tested failed to maintain control traffic latency under 50ms in the switch, but an SDN controller may provide a practical one or more tests. We find the slow-path performance of these alternative if a switch does not support BFD. A typical failure hardware switches is easily overloaded and is insufficient for detection time of 50ms requires 60 packets per second [3] modern network control architectures. -
Power Architecture® Roadmap
TM Nikolay Guenov Rich Schnur Matt Short NPD June 2012 Freescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, C-Ware, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, mobileGT, PowerQUICC, QorIQ, StarCore and Symphony are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc., Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. Airfast, BeeKit, BeeStack, ColdFire+, CoreNet, Flexis, Kinetis, MagniV, MXC, Platform in a Package, Processor Expert, QorIQ Qonverge, Qorivva, QUICC Engine, Ready Play, SafeAssure, the SafeAssure logo, SMARTMOS, TurboLink, VortiQa and Xtrinsic are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2012 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Overview • QorIQ Portfolio Overview • Market Overview • Roadmap • What’s new? (P5040, T2080, T1040) • Announcing our next generation networking architecture • Enablement Product Deep Dive • P5040/P5021 • T4240 • T2080 • T1042 The Next Generation – Initial Products Summary Freescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, C-Ware, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, mobileGT, PowerQUICC, QorIQ, StarCore and Symphony are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc., Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. Airfast, BeeKit, BeeStack, ColdFire+, CoreNet, Flexis, Kinetis, MagniV, MXC, Platform in a Package, Processor Expert, QorIQ Qonverge, Qorivva, QUICC Engine, TM 2 Ready Play, SafeAssure, the SafeAssure logo, SMARTMOS, TurboLink, VortiQa and Xtrinsic are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All other product or service -
® OS-9 RTOS for Power PC Based Systems Deterministic - Efficient - Scalable - Fast Booting
MICROWARE® RTOS OS-9 for Power PC based systems Deterministic - Efficient - Scalable - Fast Booting Embedded systems span a myriad of applications, . High availability - OS-9 has the ability to add, ranging from simple microcontrollers to sophisticated remove, and replace individual components in medical imaging systems to complex industrial the system while on-line and in-use. This results applications. At the heart of these diverse applications in a high degree of system availability, even is an operating system (OS) - a software foundation during maintenance. Proven over 30 years in that delivers a common set of services helping mission critical devices around the world. software developers deliver their product to market more quickly. Enter Microware OS‐9, the high‐ performance, high‐availability real‐time operating system platform from MicroSys. The Microware OS‐9 RTOS has been deployed and proven in thousands of products worldwide and represented hundreds of embedded applications, including industrial automation and control and automotive and medical instrumentation. WHY MICROWARE OS-9 Microware OS-9 compact, high- performance multi-user, multi- tasking real-time kernel is a proven foundation for time-to-revenue success. OS-9 is a full-featured operating system framework, . Hard Real-Time Performance - Unlike Windows including the OS kernel, kernel services, and industry- and Linux-based systems, Microware OS-9 was standard APIs, middleware, and a complete IDE-based conceived from the ground up to meet the development framework. high-performance and reliability requirements of time-critical embedded applications. REDUCE RISK FAST BOOTING . High reliability - the OS-9 secure process model, real-time operating system (RTOS) provides .