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Consciousness” in Zarathushtra’S Teachings
THE PHILOSOPHICAL CONCEPT OF “CONSCIOUSNESS” IN ZARATHUSHTRA’S TEACHINGS Zarathushtra, a visionary giant, must be credited as the father of modern philosophical thought and opinions. Through his poetic hymns he transmits the prophetic notions of his Divine Revelation, leaving behind words of profound psycho-social significance, which have triggered off an endless chain of philosophical discussions on the matters of the mind and human conscious senses. The modern meaning of the word “Consciousness” is perceived differently in different disciplines. For the philosophical purpose of this paper let us make the meaning simple. The most fundamental aspect of “Consciousness” is the ability to sense existence/being. It is a notion that is recognised with the world around us and in our personal experience. It, naturally, follows on the appraisal that accompanies the experience of existence. The core sense of being “Conscious” involves a subjective condition of Access Consciousness, which occurs when we are able to access /to perceive through our senses the world around us in a generalised state of alertness or arousal. We are, therefore, able to respond /to imagine i.e. when we are not in deep sleep, in coma or under anaesthesia. Another form, a Phenomenal Consciousness occurs when we are aware that we have a subjective experience or feeling of phenomena /happenings /events around us. A third sense of (Objective) Consciousness is the awareness of a particular object or event of a conscious state. Zarathushtra’s words impart a clear insight into the reality of being. His concept of Reality is a physical world (‘out there’) of perceptual consciousness, which truly exists as our personal presence on earth. -
Dari Language Project
THE DARI LANGUAGE PROJECT 2004 Fieldwork Endeavor Summary of Findings Authors: ANNAHITA FARUDI M. DOUSTDAR TOOSARVANDANI 127 CHEAT CANYON PARK DRIVE MORGANTOWN, WV 26508 [email protected] This Dari dialect is only used by the guebres amongst themselves, and all of them, so far as I know, speak Persian as well. When they speak their own dialect, even a Yezdi Musulman cannot understand what they are saying, or can only understand it very imperfectly. It is for this reason that the Zoroastrians cherish their Dari, and are somewhat unwilling to teach it to a stranger…To me they were as a rule ready enough to impart information about it; though when I tried to get old Jamshid the gardener to tell me more about it, he excused himself, saying that knowledge of it could be of no possible use to me. E . G. BROWNE (1893) Acknowledgements We are grateful to the patrons of the Dari Language Project’s 2004 Fieldwork Endeavor for their generous financial support: The Alavi Foundation, The Atlanta Zarathushti Anjuman, Mr. Sohrob Farudi, The Iran Heritage Foundation, Mr. Trita Parsi, PayaHost Web Solutions, The Roshan Cultural Heritage Institute, Mr. Parviz Zavareh, The Zoroastrian Association of Metropolitan Washington, and The Zoroastrian Society of Ontario. We would also like to thank: Lise Dobrin, Mahin, Hassan, Maryam, and Massy Azimian, Abbas Toosarvandani, Parvin Khosrovi, Katayoun Mazdapour, Jamshid Varza, Shahin Bekhradnia, Amir Salehzadeh, Mehri and Yadollah Jalali, Parvin Farkhoni of the Porouchista Foundation, and Golchehr Felfeli of the Vohuman School. I. ON THE ZOROASTRIANS AND DARI I have entertained [Zoroastrians] of standing and Mussulmans of standing together on public occasions; and I have no hesitation in saying that even the bigoted Mussulman recognizes the bond of common citizenship, although it is certain true that on most occasions he prefers the bond of religion. -
F.No.12/11/2008-JCA Government of India Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions Department of Personnel and Training (JCA Section)
F.No.12/11/2008-JCA Government of India Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions Department of Personnel and Training (JCA Section) North Block, New Delhi Dated, the 11tn June, 2008 It has been decided that the holidays as specified in the Annexure -I to this O.M. will be observed in all the Administrative Offices of the Central Government at Delhi / New Delhi during 2009. In addition, each employee will also be allowed to avail himself of any two holidays to be chosen by him out of the list of Restricted Holidays in Annexure - 11. 2. Central Government Administrative Offices located outside Delhi I New Delhi shall observe the following holidays compulsorily in addition to three holidays as per para 3.1 below: 1. REPUBLIC DAY 2. INDEPENDENCE DAY 3. MAHATMA GANDHI'S BIRTHDAY 4. BUDHA PURNIMA 5. CHRISTMAS 6. DUSSEHRA (VIJA YA DASHMI) 7. DIWALI (DEEPAVALI) 8. GOOD FRIDAY 9. GURU NANAK'S BIRTHDAY 10. IDU'L FITR 11. IDU'L ZUHA 12. MAHAVIR JAYANTHI 13. MUHARRAM 14. PROPHET MOHAMMAD'S BIRTHDAY (ID-E-MILAD) 3.1. In addition to the above 14 Compulsory holidays mentioned in para 2, three holidays shall be decided from the list indicated below by the Central Government Employees Welfare Coordination Committee in the State Capitals, if necessary, in consultation with Coordination Committees at other places in the State. The final list applicable uniformly to all Central Government offices within the concerned State shall be notified after seeking prior approval of this Ministry and no change can be carried out thereafter. It is also clarified that no change is permissible in regard to festivals as indicated and the dates notified by the Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions. -
Hindu Calendar 2019 with Festival and Fast Dates January 2019 Calendar
Hindu Calendar 2019 With Festival and Fast Dates January 2019 Calendar Sr. No. Date Day Festivals/Events 1. 1st January 2019 Tuesday New Year 2. 1st January 2019 Tuesday Saphala Ekadashi 3. 3rd January 2019 Thursday Pradosha Vrata (Krishna Paksha Pradosham) 4. 3rd January 2019 Thursday Masik Shivaratri 5. 5th January 2019 Saturday Paush Amavasya, Margashirsha Amavasya 6. 12th January 2019 Saturday Swami Vivekananda Jayanti/National Youth Day 7. 13th January 2019 Sunday Guru Gobind Singh Jayanti 8. 13th January 2019 Monday Lohri 9. 15th January 2019 Tuesday Pongal, Uttarayan, Makar Sankranti 10. 17th January 2019 Thursday Pausha Putrada Ekadashi Vrat 11. 18th January 2019 Friday Pradosha Vrata (Shukla Paksha Pradosham) 12. 23rd January 2019 Wednesday Subhash Chandra Bose Jayanti 13. 24th January 2019 Thursday Sankashti Chaturthi 14. 26th January 2019 Saturday Republic Day 15. 27th January 2019 Sunday Swami Vivekananda Jayanti *Samvat 16. 30th January 2019 Wednesday Mahatma Gandhi Death Anniversary 17. 31st January 2018 Thursday Shattila Ekadashi Vrat February 2019 Calendar Sr. No. Date Day Festivals/Events 1. February 1st 2018 Friday Pradosha Vrata (Krishna Paksha Pradosham) 2. February 2nd 2019 Saturday Masik Shivaratri 3. February 4th 2019 Monday Magha Amavasya 4. February 4th 2019 Monday World Cancer Day 5. February 5th 2019 Tuesday Chinese New Year of 2019 6. February 10th 2019 Saturday Vasant Panchami 7. February 13th 2019 Thursday Kumbha Sankranti 8. February 14th 2019 Thursday Valentine’s Day 9. February 16th 2019 Saturday Jaya Ekadashi Vrat 10. February 19th 2019 Tuesday Guru Ravidas Jayanti, Magha Purnima Vrat 11. February 22nd 2019 Friday Sankashti Chaturthi 12. -
2019 Drik Panchang Hindu Calendar
2019 Drik Panchang Hindu Calendar Hindu Calendar for San Francisco, California, United States Amanta Calendar - new month begins from Amavasya Page 1 of 25 January 2019 Margashirsha - Pausha 1940 Navami K Pratipada S Saptami S Purnima S Ashtami K SUN 30 24 6 1 13 7 20 15 27 23 रिव 07:29 16:55 07:30 17:01 07:29 17:08 07:26 Pausha Purnima 17:15 07:22 17:23 Shakambhari Purnima Bhanu Saptami Chandra Grahan *Purna Tula Dhanu 10:56 Meena 23:23 Mithuna 10:36 Tula Chitra 18:49 U Ashadha 31:07+ Revati 23:23 Punarvasu 15:53 Swati 24:59+ Dashami K Dwitiya S Ashtami S Pratipada K Navami K MON 31 25 7 2 14 8 21 16 28 24 सोम 07:30 16:56 07:30 17:02 07:29 17:09 07:26 17:16 07:21 17:24 Pongal Chandra Darshana Makara Sankranti Tula Makara Mesha Karka Tula 19:30 Swati 19:15 Shravana Ashwini 24:27+ Pushya 12:58 Vishakha 25:45+ Ekadashi K Tritiya S Navami S Dwitiya K Dashami K TUE 1 26 8 3 15 9 22 17 29 25 मंगल 07:30 16:57 07:30 17:03 07:29 17:10 07:25 17:17 07:21 17:25 Saphala Ekadashi Tula 13:54 Makara 23:46 Mesha 30:39+ Karka 10:02 Vrishchika Vishakha 20:10 Shravana 10:11 Bharani 24:43+ Ashlesha 10:02 Anuradha 27:11+ Dwadashi K Chaturthi S Dashami S Tritiya K Ekadashi K WED 2 27 9 4 16 10 23 18,19 30 26 बुध 07:30 16:57 07:30 17:04 07:28 17:11 07:25 17:18 07:20 17:26 Sakat Chauth Pradosh Vrat Pausha Putrada Ekadashi Lambodara Sankashti Chaturth Shattila Ekadashi Vrishchika Kumbha Vrishabha Simha Vrishchika 29:11+ Anuradha 21:34 Dhanishtha 13:20 Krittika 24:11+ P Phalguni 28:52+ Jyeshtha 29:11+ Trayodashi K Panchami S Ekadashi S Panchami K Dwadashi K THU -
Online Coaching 47- (9-5- 2019)
5/9/2019 ONLINE COACHING 47- (9-5- 2019) ONLINE COACHING 47- (9-5- 2019) Vaikunda Swamikal,Thycaud Ayya, Moulana Abdul Kalam Azad Name of the candidate * M3 Please watch the following videos and answer the uestions below https://youtu.be/yle3D3jymUk https://youtu.be/HaPmSBNNuBQ https://docs.google.com/forms/d/1nz-Y8a2De8x0GA-kih-188uFr25TutGV6SLP-vynL2A/edit#response=ACYDBNj0t8qs7K-jqT8PoUJI3EdWb8Jx1a… 1/8 5/9/2019 ONLINE COACHING 47- (9-5- 2019) 1.'Samtva Samajam' was founded by 1 point Vaikunda Swamikal Vaghbatanada Chattambi Swamikal V.T.Bhattathiripad 2.Which social reformer criticised the British rule as ' Rule of the white Devils' 1 point Thycaud Ayya Vaghbatanandan Vaikunda Swamikal Ayyankali 3.What is the real name of Vaikunda Swamikal 1 point Komaran Muthukutty Kunjikannan Subarayan 4.Which social reformer introduced consecration of mirror in South India? 1 point Sree Narayana Guru Vaikunda Swamikal Thycaud Ayya Brahananda Sivayogi https://docs.google.com/forms/d/1nz-Y8a2De8x0GA-kih-188uFr25TutGV6SLP-vynL2A/edit#response=ACYDBNj0t8qs7K-jqT8PoUJI3EdWb8Jx1a… 2/8 5/9/2019 ONLINE COACHING 47- (9-5- 2019) 5.What was the name of group formed by Vaikunda Swami to practice a 1 point punctual and ordered life? Ayyavazhi Thuvayal Panthibhojanam Nizhal Thangal Pathi 6.Which social reformer died wells for backward caste people? 1 point Poykayil Yohannan Kuriakose Elias CHavara Ayyankali Vaikunda Swamikal 7.Which is the way of thought that formed by Vaikunda swami 1 point Rajayogam Sivarajayogam Path of the father Chinmudra 8.Which are the -
17 Zoroastrianism
17 Zoroastrianism This statement was prepared by the Athravan Education Trust and Zoroastrian Studies, the two main academic bodies responsible to the Zoroastrian faith for theological developments and study. Whoever teaches care for all these seven creations, does well and pleases the Bounteous Immortals; then his soul will never arrive at kinship with the Hostile Spirit. When he has cared for the creations, the care of these Bounteous Immortals is for him, and he must teach this to all mankind in the material world. —Shayasht ne Shayast (15:6)1 These actions, according to Zoroastrianism, will lead toward “making the world wonderful,” when the world will be restored to a perfect state. In this state the material world will never grow old, never die, never decay, will be ever living and ever increasing and master of its wish. The dead will rise, life and immortality will come, and the world will be restored to a perfect state in accordance with the Will of Ahura Mazda (Lord of Wisdom). The role of humanity in the world is to serve and honor not just the Wise Lord but the Seven Bounteous Creations of the sky, water, earth, plants, animals, man, and fire—gifts of God on High to humanity on earth. The great strength of the Zoroastrian faith is that it enjoins the caring of the physical world not merely to seek spiritual salvation, but because 1. The Shayasht ne Shayast is a compilation of miscellaneous laws dealing with proper and improper behavior. 145 146 FAITH IN CONSERVATION human beings, as the purposeful creation of God, are seen as the natural motivators or overseers of the Seven Creations. -
21. Ramanuja Nutrandhadhi
AmudhanAr’s IrAmAnusa nUtranthAthi Annotated Commentary in English By: "sampradAya prachAra dhurantharar" SrIrangam SrI V. MAdhavakkaNNan Our Sincere Thanks to the following for their contributions to this ebook: Images contribution: Ramanuja Dasargal at www.pbase.com/svami Neduntheru Sri Mukund Srinivasan eBook assembly: sadagopan.org Smt. Kala Lakshminarayanan CONTENTS TITLE PAGE Introduction 1 Paasuram 1 3 Paasuram 2 7 Paasuram 3 10 Paasuram 4 13 Paasuram 5 15 Paasuram 6 17 Paasuram 7 19 Paasuram 8 25 Paasuram 9 28 sadagopan.org Paasuram 10 30 Paasuram 11 33 Paasuram 12 38 Paasuram 13 42 Paasuram 14 45 Paasuram 15 51 Paasuram 16 52 Paasuram 17 57 Paasuram 18 59 Paasuram 19 62 Paasuram 20 65 Paasuram 21 68 Paasuram 22 71 Paasuram 23 74 Paasuram 24 76 Paasuram 25 78 Paasuram 26 81 Paasuram 27 83 CONTENTS CONT’D. TITLE PAGE Paasuram 28 85 Paasuram 29 88 Paasuram 30 90 Paasuram 31 93 Paasuram 32 95 Paasuram 33 97 Paasuram 34 100 Paasuram 35 102 Paasuram 36 105 Paasuram 37 109 Paasuram 38 112 Paasuram 39 115 Paasuram 40 117 Paasuram 41 122 sadagopan.org Paasuram 42 125 Paasuram 43 128 Paasuram 44 134 Paasuram 45 137 Paasuram 46 139 Paasuram 47 144 Paasuram 48 147 Paasuram 49 150 Paasuram 50 153 Paasuram 51 156 Paasuram 52 160 Paasuram 53 162 Paasuram 54 165 CONTENTS CONT’D. TITLE PAGE Paasuram 55 168 Paasuram 56 171 Paasuram 57 174 Paasuram 58 177 Paasuram 59 181 Paasuram 60 184 Paasuram 61 186 Paasuram 62 189 Paasuram 63 192 sadagopan.org Paasuram 64 194 Paasuram 65 197 Paasuram 66 200 Paasuram 67 203 Paasuram 68 207 Paasuram 69 210 Paasuram -
The Revival of the Bhikkhunī Order and the Decline of the Sāsana
Journal of Buddhist Ethics ISSN 1076-9005 http://blogs.dickinson.edu/buddhistethics/ Volume 20, 2013 The Revival of the Bhikkhunī Order and the Decline of the Sāsana Bhikkhu Anālayo Center for Buddhist Studies, University of Hamburg Dharma Drum Buddhist College, Taiwan Copyright Notice: Digital copies of this work may be made and distributed provided no change is made and no alteration is made to the content. Re- production in any other format, with the exception of a single copy for pri- vate study, requires the written permission of the author. All enquiries to: [email protected]. The Revival of the Bhikkhunī Order and the Decline of the Sāsana Bhikkhu Anālayo 1 Abstract In this article I study the revival of the bhikkhunī order in the Theravāda traditions and its supposed relation to a decline of the Buddha’s dispensation. Introduction My presentation begins with the contrast between the positive evalua- tion of the existence of an order of bhikkhunīs in early Buddhist discourse and the “prediction of decline,” according to which the establishing of this order would result in a decline of the Buddha’s dispensation (sāsana). Next I survey modern-day apprehensions that the revival of the bhik- khunī order constitutes a “Mahāyāna threat”; and then explore the “Theravāda sense of identity.” In an attempt to cover the legal issue of reviving bhikkhunī ordination in detail, I examine the alternatives of “dual ordination” and “single ordination.” Finally I turn to the current 1 I am indebted to Bhikhu Bodhi, Sāmaṇerī Dhammadinnā, Petra Kieffer-Pülz, Shi Kongmu, Kester Ratcliff and Martin Seeger for commenting on a draft version of the present paper and to Stefano Zacchetti for help in getting a needed publication. -
Mining for Gold
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605-616 Hinduism and Zoroastrianism.Indd
Hinduism and Zoroastrianism The term “Zoroastrianism,” coined in the 19th migrated to other parts of the world, and in the century in a colonial context, is inspired by a postcolonial age, especially since the 1960s, this Greek pseudo-etymological rendering (Zoro- movement has intensified, so that the so-called astres, where the second element is reminiscent diaspora is becoming the key factor for the future of the word for star) of the ancient Iranian name development of the religion (Stausberg, 2002b; Zaraϑuštra (etymology unclear apart from the sec- Hinnells, 2005). Given their tiny numbers, their ond element, uštra [camel]). This modern name non-proselytization and their constructive con- of the religion reflects the emphasis on Zarathus- tributions to Indian society (e.g. example through tra (Zoroaster) as its (presumed) founding figure their various charitable contributions [Hinnells, or prophet. 2000]), and their commitments to the army and Zoroastrianism and Hinduism share a remote other Indian institutions, which are routinely common original ancestry, but their historical celebrated in community publications, the Parsis trajectories over the millennia have been notably and their religion have so far not drawn forth any distinct. Just like Hinduism claims and maintains negative social response in India. a particular relationship to the spatial entity know Being offshoots of older Indo-European and as India, Zoroastrianism has conceived itself as Indo-Iranian poetic traditions, the oldest tex- the religion of the Iranians and -
Why I Became a Hindu
Why I became a Hindu Parama Karuna Devi published by Jagannatha Vallabha Vedic Research Center Copyright © 2018 Parama Karuna Devi All rights reserved Title ID: 8916295 ISBN-13: 978-1724611147 ISBN-10: 1724611143 published by: Jagannatha Vallabha Vedic Research Center Website: www.jagannathavallabha.com Anyone wishing to submit questions, observations, objections or further information, useful in improving the contents of this book, is welcome to contact the author: E-mail: [email protected] phone: +91 (India) 94373 00906 Please note: direct contact data such as email and phone numbers may change due to events of force majeure, so please keep an eye on the updated information on the website. Table of contents Preface 7 My work 9 My experience 12 Why Hinduism is better 18 Fundamental teachings of Hinduism 21 A definition of Hinduism 29 The problem of castes 31 The importance of Bhakti 34 The need for a Guru 39 Can someone become a Hindu? 43 Historical examples 45 Hinduism in the world 52 Conversions in modern times 56 Individuals who embraced Hindu beliefs 61 Hindu revival 68 Dayananda Saraswati and Arya Samaj 73 Shraddhananda Swami 75 Sarla Bedi 75 Pandurang Shastri Athavale 75 Chattampi Swamikal 76 Narayana Guru 77 Navajyothi Sree Karunakara Guru 78 Swami Bhoomananda Tirtha 79 Ramakrishna Paramahamsa 79 Sarada Devi 80 Golap Ma 81 Rama Tirtha Swami 81 Niranjanananda Swami 81 Vireshwarananda Swami 82 Rudrananda Swami 82 Swahananda Swami 82 Narayanananda Swami 83 Vivekananda Swami and Ramakrishna Math 83 Sister Nivedita