Station Area Planning
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STATION AREA PLANNING A GUIDE TO PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTING TRANSIT ORIENTED DEVELOPMENT IN INDIAN CITIES Supported by: Institute for Transportation and Development Policy ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING COLLABORATIV E This study was supported by and prepared in collaboration with the Institute for Transportation and Development Policy. ITDP is an international not-for-profit organization headquartered in New York, working with cities worldwide to bring about transport solutions that cut greenhouse gas emissions, reduce poverty, and improve the quality of urban life. With projects worldwide, ITDP helps cities improve their sustainable transportation options, making getting around greener, easier, more affordable, and enjoyable for all. DRAFT 1.0 30 Oct 2012 Authors: Chirayu Bhatt (EPC) Pushkaraj Paradkar (EPC) Nadim van de Fliert (EPC) Supported by: Purvi Bhatt (HCP) Nishita Kedia (HCP) Anand Amin (EPC) Premsharan Patel & Rendering Studio (HCP) Acknowledgements: This study would not have been possible without the vision and support of Dr. Bimal Patel (EPC) and Shreya Gadepalli (ITDP). The study was prepared in close collaboration with HCP Design and Project Management Pvt. Ltd.(HCP). Apart from this, a number of people contributed through their ideas, discussions and other support in the making of this document. Mr. Ashish Sharma, IAS (PCMC) Chris Kost (ITDP) Anuj Malhotra (ITDP) Smt. Pratibha Bhadane (PCMC) Vanishree Herlekar (ITDP) Nitin Warrier (ITDP) Mr. Prashant Patil (PCMC) Pranjali Deshpande (ITDP) B.R. Balachandran (ITDP) Kamlesh Mehta (HCP) Luc Nadal (ITDP) Cover Image: Development around BRT in Guangzhou, China. Courtesy: Chirayu Bhatt EPC is a not-for-profit urban planning and policy research organization that works closely with government agencies, non-profits and other partners through collaborative interventions to promote productive, equitable, safe and sustainable living environments. ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING COLLABORATIVE 501 Paritosh, Usmanpura, Ahmedabad 380013 Ph: +91 79 2755 0102 WWW.EPC.ORG.IN Contents Introduction / Purpose ........................................................................... 3 What is the Purpose of this Report? ..........................................................................................3 Why Now? ..................................................................................................................................3 Who is it Useful For? ..................................................................................................................4 Summary of Chapters ................................................................................................................4 1. Transit Oriented Development ............................................................ 7 What is Transit Oriented Development (TOD)? .........................................................................7 Transit Oriented Development (TOD) ..................................................................................... 10 Why TOD for Indian Cities? ..................................................................................................... 10 Current Development Trends of Indian Cities ........................................................................ 12 Examples of Successful TOD ................................................................................................... 13 2. Planning for Transit ........................................................................... 15 Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 15 Regional Scale Planning .......................................................................................................... 15 Transit Corridor Planning ........................................................................................................ 16 Station Area Planning .............................................................................................................. 17 Development at Parcel Level .................................................................................................. 18 3. Station Area Planning: Principles ...................................................... 19 1. Align the Development Character with the Transit and Place Type ................................... 20 2. Create a Walkable Urban Street Network .......................................................................... 22 3. Promote Complete Streets ................................................................................................. 23 4. Right Size Public/Private Parking to Manage Private Vehicle Use ...................................... 24 5. Provide Well Designed and Functional Public Space and Amenities .................................. 25 6. Ensure the Integrity of Natural Systems and the Environment .......................................... 26 7. Conserve and Celebrate the Built Heritage ........................................................................ 27 8. Maintain a Stock of Affordable Housing ............................................................................. 28 9. Involve the Public in Key Decision Making .......................................................................... 29 10. Capture Value for Financial Sustenance ........................................................................... 31 4. Station Area Planning: Place Types ................................................... 33 Inner City Areas (‘Old City’ Areas) ........................................................................................... 34 Business Districts (Incl. CBD Areas) ......................................................................................... 35 ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING COLLABORATIVE 1 Urban Activity Centers ............................................................................................................. 36 General Urban ......................................................................................................................... 37 Suburban Centers .................................................................................................................... 38 General Suburban .................................................................................................................... 39 How To Identify A Place Type .................................................................................................. 40 5. Station Area Planning: Process .......................................................... 41 Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 41 Existing Legislative Framework for Planning TOD ................................................................... 41 The Process of Station Area Planning ...................................................................................... 43 Key Stakeholders: Interests and Roles .................................................................................... 47 6. Case Study – Kalewadi Phata ............................................................. 51 Background and Context ......................................................................................................... 51 Selecting the Case Study Station Area ..................................................................................... 53 Identifying the Station Area Place Type and Existing Conditions ............................................ 54 Adding Road Network.............................................................................................................. 55 Adjusting the DCRs to Influence Development Character ...................................................... 55 A Note on FSI and Infrastructure ............................................................................................. 58 A Note on Implementation ...................................................................................................... 58 Visualizing from the Street Level ............................................................................................. 59 CONCLUSION ........................................................................................ 61 Key Take-Away Points.............................................................................................................. 61 Challenges To Station Area Planning ....................................................................................... 62 New Tools To Further Enhance Station Area Planning ............................................................ 63 Works Cited .......................................................................................... 65 List of Figures Sourced .......................................................................... 65 APPENDICES .......................................................................................... 69 APPENDIX 1: Additional Resources for TOD and Examples ..................................................... 69 APPENDIX 2: Street Classification Matrix – System & Standards ............................................ 70 APPENDIX 3: Place Type Self-Diagnostic Tool ......................................................................... 72 2 ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING COLLABORATIVE Introduction / Purpose WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF THIS REPORT? The aim of this report is to equip planners and decision makers in local and state government with guidelines, principles, and a process