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Subsets Identifies Multiple CD8 T Cell Effector CD7 Is a Differentiation

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Subsets Identifies Multiple CD8 T Cell Effector CD7 Is a Differentiation CD7 Is a Differentiation Marker That Identifies Multiple CD8 T Cell Effector Subsets This information is current as Einar M. Aandahl, Johan K. Sandberg, Karen P. Beckerman, of September 29, 2021. Kjetil Taskén, Walter J. Moretto and Douglas F. Nixon J Immunol 2003; 170:2349-2355; ; doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.170.5.2349 http://www.jimmunol.org/content/170/5/2349 Downloaded from References This article cites 44 articles, 22 of which you can access for free at: http://www.jimmunol.org/content/170/5/2349.full#ref-list-1 http://www.jimmunol.org/ Why The JI? Submit online. • Rapid Reviews! 30 days* from submission to initial decision • No Triage! Every submission reviewed by practicing scientists • Fast Publication! 4 weeks from acceptance to publication by guest on September 29, 2021 *average Subscription Information about subscribing to The Journal of Immunology is online at: http://jimmunol.org/subscription Permissions Submit copyright permission requests at: http://www.aai.org/About/Publications/JI/copyright.html Email Alerts Receive free email-alerts when new articles cite this article. Sign up at: http://jimmunol.org/alerts The Journal of Immunology is published twice each month by The American Association of Immunologists, Inc., 1451 Rockville Pike, Suite 650, Rockville, MD 20852 Copyright © 2003 by The American Association of Immunologists All rights reserved. Print ISSN: 0022-1767 Online ISSN: 1550-6606. The Journal of Immunology CD7 Is a Differentiation Marker That Identifies Multiple CD8 T Cell Effector Subsets1 Einar M. Aandahl,2* Johan K. Sandberg,* Karen P. Beckerman,* Kjetil Taske´n,† Walter J. Moretto,* and Douglas F. Nixon* The adaptive immune response of human CD8 T cells to invading pathogens involves the differentiation of naive cells into memory and effector cells. However, the lineage relationship between memory and effector cells and the differentiation of CD8 T cells into distinct subsets of effector cell subpopulations are subjects of considerable debate. CD7 identifies three populations of CD8 T cells: CD7 high (CD7high), low (CD7low), and negative (CD7neg) that translate into subsets with distinct functional properties. The CD7high subset contains naive and memory cells and the CD7low and CD7neg subsets contain effector cells. The effector cells can functionally be divided into cytokine-secreting effector CD8 T cells and lytic effector CD8 T cells. These data provide a model of human CD8 T cell differentiation in which specialized distinct subpopulations can be identified by expression of CD7. The Downloaded from Journal of Immunology, 2003, 170: 2349–2355. he sequence and steps involved in the differentiation and CD8 T cells: naive cells (CD45RAϩCD27ϩCD28ϩ), memory maturation of human CD8 T cells has been an issue of cells (CD45RAϪCD27ϩCD28ϩ), and effector cells (CD45RAϩ T intense investigation into two key issues: the lineage re- CD27ϪCD28Ϫ) (7, 9–11). These definitions of effector and mem- lationship between memory and effector cells and the heterogene- ory subsets were also recently questioned (12). Although Appay et http://www.jimmunol.org/ ity which may exist within these populations. These issues are of al. (12) challenge the current concept of human CD8 T cell dif- great importance for our understanding of the immune system in ferentiation patterns based on the CD27 and CD28 surface pheno- both health and disease. Recently, two models have been proposed. type, their study was limited to chronic viral infections in which The first model is based on the expression of L-selectin (CD62L)3 there is a persistent antigenic presence. and CCR7, which are receptors involved in homing to lymphoid In this study, we analyzed how the expression pattern of the tissues (1, 2). These two receptors, along with the presence or absence costimulatory molecule CD7 correlates with CD8 T subset cell of CD45RA, define two subsets of memory cells: central memory and surface markers and cellular function. CD7 is a transmembrane effector memory cells (3). In addition, it has also been suggested that glycoprotein which appears early in T cell ontogeny and is ex- these markers can be used to define a subset of terminally differen- pressed by most T cells in the periphery (13). A subset of CD4 T by guest on September 29, 2021 tiated effector cells (3). This model was further developed by Cham- cells which do not express CD7 has previously been described pagne et al. (4) who compared HIV- and CMV-specific CD8 T cells. (14–17), but the role of CD7 in CD8 T cell differentiation and These reports indicate a lineage differentiation pattern in which naive maturation is unknown. Although the ligand is yet not identified, cells (CD45RAϩCD62LϩCCR7ϩ) upon encounter with an Ag ma- CD7 has been recognized as a costimulatory molecule (18). CD7 ture into central memory cells (CD45RAϪCD62LϩCCR7ϩ), effector activates phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase which is involved in CD7- memory cells (CD45RAϪCD62LϪCCR7Ϫ), and finally terminally mediated regulation of integrin adhesiveness (19–21). Further- differentiated effector cells (CD45RAϩCD62LϪCCR7Ϫ). However, more, it has been reported that the ␤-galactoside-binding lectin it has recently been questioned whether these cell surface phenotypes galectin-1 binds CD7, leading to induction of apoptosis of thymo- can readily be translated into cell populations with distinct functional cytes and T cells, with implications for certain autoimmune dis- properties at the Ag-specific level (5–8). eases and T cell lymphomas (22–26). The second model for human T cell differentiation is based on By examining levels of CD7 expression on CD8 T cells, we the down-regulation of the costimulatory molecules CD27 and identified three phenotypically and functionally distinct cell pop- CD28 which, along with CD45RA, define three subsets of human ulations. The CD7high subset contains naive cells and memory cells, and the CD7low and CD7neg subsets contain effector cells. low *Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology, University of California, San However, the CD7 population appears to have a rapid turnover, Francisco, CA 94141; and †Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Oslo, whereas the CD7neg population seems to be a more persistent and Oslo, Norway stable population of effector cells. Furthermore, the CD7low and Received for publication October 17, 2002. Accepted for publication December CD7neg populations can each be divided into two separate popu- 11, 2002. lations of effector cells based on their expression of cytokines vs The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page perforin into cytokine-secreting effector CD8 T cells (TCC) and charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked advertisement in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact. lytic effector CD8 T cells (TCL). 1 This work was funded by National Institutes of Health Grant AI44595 (to D.F.N.). D.F.N. is an Elizabeth Glaser Scientist of the Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation. Materials and Methods 2 Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. Einar Martin Aandahl, Glad- Study subjects and samples stone Institute of Virology and Immunology, P.O. Box 419100, San Francisco, CA 94141-9100. E-mail address: [email protected] Blood samples were obtained from healthy blood donors under approved 3 Abbreviations used in this paper: CD62L, L-selectin; SEB, staphylococcal entero- University of California, San Francisco Committee on Human Research toxin B; TCC, cytokine-secreting effector CD8 T cell; TCL, lytic effector CD8 T cell. Institutional Review Board protocols (n ϭ 23). PBMC were isolated from Copyright © 2003 by The American Association of Immunologists, Inc. 0022-1767/03/$02.00 2350 CD7 IDENTIFIES MULTIPLE CD8 T CELL EFFECTOR SUBSETS heparinized whole blood by Ficoll-Paque PLUS density gradient centrifu- washed, fixed, permeabilized, and stained for cell surface markers and gation (Amersham Pharmacia Biotech, Uppsala, Sweden) and washed intracellular cytokines and analyzed by flow cytometry. twice in RPMI 1640 (Life Technologies, Grand Island, NY) with 15% FCS. When used, cryopreserved samples were washed and cultured over- CFSE proliferation assay night before use in functional assay or analysis by flow cytometry. Fresh PBMC were resuspended at a concentration of 107 cells/ml in RPMI Reagents 1640 and labeled with CFSE by incubation for 10 min in 37°Cin5%CO2 at a final concentration of 2 ␮M. Labeling was quenched with RPMI 1640 Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) and brefeldin A were purchased from supplemented with 15% FCS, and the cells were washed twice before Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). The anti-CD3 Ab used in functional assays culturing in flat-bottom 96-well plates. The cells were then stimulated with was clone 12F6 (provided by Dr. J. Wong, Massachusetts General Hospi- SEB (100 ng/ml) or immobilized anti-CD3 (clone 12F6) combined with tal, Boston, MA). A control peptide pool containing 23 CMV, EBV, and pure anti-CD28 (1/200 dilution; BD PharMingen). FACS analysis was per- influenza viral peptides (catalogue no. 6747) was obtained through the formed after 96 h of incubation. National Institutes of Health AIDS Research and Reference Reagent Pro- gram (Rockville, MD). Anti-CD3 (FITC) and PerCP, anti-CD8 (FITC and Results allophycocyanin), anti-CD7 (FITC and PE), anti-CD27 (FITC and PE), anti-CD28 (FITC and PE), anti-IFN-␥ (PE), anti-TNF-␣ (PE), anti-IL-2 Phenotypically distinct CD8 T cell subsets defined by the level (PE), anti-perforin (FITC), anti-granzyme (FITC), anti-CD45RO (FITC of CD7 expression and APC), and anti-CD62L (FITC) Abs were purchased from BD Phar- Mingen (San Diego, CA). CFSE was purchased from Molecular Probes In the first sets of experiments, we identified three subsets of CD8 (Eugene, OR). The influenza M1 HLA-A*0201 tetramer (allophycocyanin) T cells based on levels of CD7 expression, termed CD7 high and the CMV PP65 HLA-A*0201 tetramer (allophycocyanin) were both (CD7high), CD7 low (CD7low), and CD7 negative (CD7neg) (Fig. low purchased from Immunomics (San Diego, CA).
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