NEW SMYRNA BEACH HISTORICAL TRAIL

(From Interstate 95, drive east on SR 44 (which becomes Lytle Ave.), north on Live Oak St., west on Canal St., and north on Rush St. to park in the municipal lot at the southeast corner of the intersection with Julia St. Walk south on Rush St. to the intersection with Canal St.)

1 Northeast corner of Rush and Canal Sts. (237 Canal St.) 0.0 Former Post Office

This was previously the site of the rambling Victorian home of Daniel Perkins Smith, built in 1885. The front door had come from a Jacksonville church. Smith served as Volusia County's tax collector for almost 50 years and was an agent for the Blue Springs, Orange City and Atlantic Railway. The home was torn down in 1966, the year the post office opened here. The post office building later became the local newspaper office.

(Walk east on Canal St. to the intersection with Live Oak St.)

2 North side of Canal St., across from Live Oak St. (223 Canal 0.1 St.)

Swoope Building

In the 1920s, this was known as the Swoope Building. It was later the home of Sun Discount Pharmacy.

(Cross to the southeast corner.)

3 Southeast corner of Canal and Live Oak Sts. 0.1 Site of Silvers & Tanner

In the early 1900s, the two-story Silvers & Tanner store featured dry goods and notions.

(Continue east 50 feet on Canal St.)

4 South side of Canal St., between Live Oak and Faulkner Sts. 0.1 Site of Second School

Because of overcrowding, classes were moved from the first school into the two-story Pitzer Building located here in 1885.

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(Continue east on Canal St. to the intersection with Magnolia St.)

5 Southwest corner of Canal and Magnolia Sts. 0.1 Former Bank of New Smyrna

The first bank in New Smyrna Beach opened in 1906 at the corner of Canal St. and Riverside Dr. with W.P. Wilkinson as its president. It moved here in 1917, and ten years later built a $100,000 building on the same site. The Bank of New Smyrna, previously known as the Port Orange State Bank, opened in January of 1936. It was located here during the 1950s. Later, this became the home of the city’s Utilities Commission.

(Continue east on Canal St. to the intersection with Sams Ave. and cross to the northwest corner.)

6 North side of Canal St. 0.2 Site of Turnbull Canal

Scottish-born entrepreneur Dr. Andrew Turnbull had served as the British consul at Smyrna in Asia Minor, where he married a Greek girl. By 1766, he felt that Florida, with a climate similar to that of the Mediterranean, would be suitable of natives of that area, especially Greek refugees from Turkish tyranny. Turnbull formed a partnership with Sir William Duncan and they received three grants of 20,000 acres each. Turnbull picked out what he thought was good land on what was then called the Hillsborough River bordering on a jungle for many years known as "Turnbull's Hammock". The area was named "New Smyrna" by Turnbull after his wife's home in Asia Minor. He used indentured servants, mostly from the island of Minorca, to raise indigo for the making of dye. The colonists were to work for from five to seven years, at the end of which they would receive their freedom plus land. He had intended to use about 500 black slaves for the heavier tasks, but their ship sank in the Florida Keys. The other seven ships arrived in the summer of 1768 with 1403 colonists, with 148 dying along the way. The first indigo was exported in 1771. The canal dug for Turnbull was covered in 1925. It ran under what is now the north sidewalk, with a bridge just east of today's Chamber of Commerce Building. Turnbull had traveled throughout the Mediterranean and was impressed by the Egyptian practice of irrigation with canals. In addition to the main plantation, Turnbull himself had

2 a private plantation located 4.8 miles to the north, on the south shore of Turnbull Bay. The overseer of the plantations, Mr. Watson, had a home just north of where US 1 now passes over Murray Creek.

(Walk north 150 feet on Sams Ave.)

7 West side of Sams Ave., between Canal and Julia Sts. (120 0.2 Sams Ave.)

Site of First School

The first public school in Volusia County was built here in 1872 for $42. Its first teacher was Delia Stowe of Massachusetts, who taught spelling, history, arithmetic, geography, needlework and farming. Here now is the former post office building, erected in the 1920s. It now houses the Museum of History.

(Walk south on Sams Ave. and east on Canal St. to the intersection with Riverside Dr. and look across to the southwest corner.)

8 Southwest corner of Canal St. and Riverside Dr. 0.3 Site of Smith Block

In 1895, the town council moved its meetings from Raulerson Hall to the second floor of the Smith Block, located here. In 1906, the building was used for the post office and a bank. This was later the site of the Southern Bell Telephone Company.

(Walk north 50 feet on Riverside Dr.)

9 West side of Riverside Dr., between Canal and Julia Sts. 0.3 Site of Church

The Turnbull plantation had a Catholic Church located here, built of brick and dedicated to St. Peter. By 1772, it was in use with an altar with a metal crucifix and two statutes, one of St. Peter and one of St. Anthony.

(Continue north 175 feet on Riverside Dr.)

10 West side of Riverside Dr., between Canal and Julia Sts. (124 0.3 N. Riverside Dr.)

Site of Ocean House

3 In 1885-87, Ora Carpenter built the first portion of the Ocean House, a hotel popular with hunters, fishermen, and wealthy yachtsmen. It was bought by Capt. F.W. Sams, who added a three-story addition. It had its own lighting plant, ice house and water works. The present courthouse annex on this site was built in 1964 by Jensen Construction Co., Inc., based on a design by William A. Faust.

(Continue north on Riverside Dr. 140 feet past Julia St.)

11 West side of Riverside Dr., between Julia and Washington Sts. 0.4 Site of Turnbull House

Turnbull's plantation failed because of mismanagement and disease, and the Minorcans rebelled. On July 17, 1777, Gov. Patrick Tonyn ordered full freedom for all of the colonists, with permission to settle in St. Augustine. They were led north along King's Road by Francisco Pellicer, who had been the head carpenter of the plantation. The last to leave was Father Pedro Camps, who departed on November 9, 1777. When the colonists left, the only people left were Turnbull and his family, the overseers, and black slaves. In December of 1777, they were raided by about 40 Indians. Turnbull moved to South Carolina in 1781 to once again practice medicine, turning New Smyrna into a ghost town. These ruins, showing the foundation of a building with dimensions of about 40 x 80 feet, may have been Turnbull's two-story stone house. This is also the previous site of an Indian mound and Ais Indian village of Caparaca in the early 1600s. Excavations show that the mound area was first occupied in about 500 A.D. Some also believe that there was a Spanish fort located here in the 1500s. The foundation is heavier than was usually used for a residence and resembles those of other Spanish forts along the coast. When the Spanish regained control of Florida in 1783, they encouraged colonization. One who settled here was Episcopal minister Dr. Ambrose Hull of Wallingford, Connecticut, who obtained 2,600 acres in 1801, including 1,120 acres along the riverfront from Yacht Club Island to the airport. He started a sugar and cotton plantation. Hull built a two-story stone house at approximately this location, perhaps using the old Turnbull foundation. It was destroyed by radical "patriots" during the War of 1812 and the Hulls moved to St. Augustine. In 1830, the land and ruins were acquired by Thomas Stamps of South Carolina, but his plantation was burned during the Seminole War in 1835. In 1854, the property was purchased by John Dwight

4 Sheldon and his wife, Jane Sheldon, who first settled along the river in 1843. In 1859, they completed a two-story 40- room hotel here, one of the largest south of St. Augustine. On July 9 and 11, 1863, it was shelled and badly damaged by the Union steamer "Oleander". It was rebuilt largely of driftwood collected along the beach in 1867 by the Sheldons and contained the post office, port collector's office, newspaper shoe shop and general store of Dolph Sheldon and M.L. Childs. It was torn down in about 1896.

(Continue north on Riverside Dr., then walk east on Washington St. (becomes N. Causeway) to the west end of the high bridge.)

12 West end of Causeway bridge 1.5 North Bridge

The first bridge to the barrier island opened in 1894. The prior bridge at this location was replaced by one in 1953 by a new one at a cost of $875,000.

(Continue east across the bridge to its east end.)

13 East end of Causeway bridge 1.9 Coronado Beach

This was the community of Coronado Beach, founded in about 1885 and incorporated in 1925. When New Smyrna annexed it in 1946, it provided the "Beach" in the new name, New Smyrna Beach. Located about three blocks east of here was the Atlantic House, a popular three-story wood frame social center which burned down during World War I. At that site was also located the popular Casino, a popular eating and drinking establishment destroyed by a storm on October 3, 1947.

(Walk south and west on the first sidewalk after the end of the bridge, and west through the parking lot until it ends at the metal barrier on the river bank, and look to the southeast.)

14 West end of Flagler Ave. (103 Flagler Ave.) 1.9 Riverview Hotel

When the bridge was built, S.H. Barber was its tender and he lived in a little two-story riverside house. In 1910, he and John Vrooman jacked it up to be the second and third

5 stories and built a new first story. After Fred Tyson bought it in 1936, it was expanded to its present size. It became a youth hostel in the 1970s and was nicknamed "The Gray Ghost". It is constructed mostly of 100-year-old brick.

(Walk east 175 feet on the sidewalk and south on the unmarked lane through the parking area to Columbus Ave., and continue south 175 feet on Canova Dr.)

15 Canova Dr., between Columbus and Oakwood Aves. 2.1 Dummett Grave

Douglas Dummett was a white orange grower who married a woman from a socially prominent family, but after she deserted him he moved here and built his home on an Indian mound. He called it Mt. Pleasant, and it provided refuge for settlers fleeing the Indian attack on the Dunham mansion across the river in 1835. The Indians attempted to burn Dummett's house, also, but were unsuccessful. Douglas married Anna, a young black slave, and had a black son, Charles, who died while hunting at age 16 in April of 1860. Some believed that he committed suicide out of shame for having black blood. He was buried where he fell on the vast Dummett land, but as it was being developed later it wound up in the middle of this street. To leave the grave undisturbed, Canova Dr. was built around the gravesite. Canova Dr. is named after the brother of entertainer Judy Canova, a former landowner here.

(Walk north on Canova Dr., east on Columbus Ave., north on Peninsular Ave., and west on Flagler Ave. onto the bridge 50 feet past the covered stairway, and look to the north.)

16 East bank of Indian River 2.3 Massacre Bluff

In 1835, a French schooner wrecked halfway between Cape Canaveral and New Smyrna, and the eight to ten survivors began their walk to St. Augustine, the normal practice for shipwreck victims on the east coast. At Mosquito Inlet, they built a raft and camped here for the night to have a more favorable tide for a crossing. Attracted by their campfire, Indians came and killed the entire party.

(Continue west on the bridge and N. Causeway (becomes Washington St.) to the intersection with Riverside Dr. and cross to the northwest corner.)

6 17 Northwest corner of Washington St. and Riverside Dr. 3.7 Masonic Temple

In the early 1900s, this was the site of Maj. Abercrombie's residence. This home of New Smyrna Lodge 149 F.& A.M. was built in 1927.

(Walk north on Riverside Dr. to the intersection with Murray St.)

18 Southwest corner of Riverside Dr. and Murray St. 3.8 Site of Pitzer House

In the early 1900s, G.R. Pitzer had a home here. He owned the New Smyrna Cash Store, selling groceries, stationery and candy.

(Continue north on Riverside Dr. 225 feet past Mary Ave.)

19 West side of Riverside Dr., between Mary Ave. and Ronnoc Ln. 3.9 (508 Riverside Dr.)

Dohn House

This was the home in the early 1900s of C.L. Dohn, who ran a livery stable on the corner of Faulkner and Canal Sts. It was built in about 1883 with a Frame Vernacular style and columned two-story front.

(Continue north on Riverside Dr. to the intersection with Ronnoc Ln.)

20 Southwest corner of Riverside Dr. and Ronnoc Ln. (532 4.0 Riverside Dr.)

Little River Inn

This home was built in 1883 and has been converted to a bed and breakfast.

(Walk west on Ronnoc Ln. and south on Faulkner St. to the intersection with Marshall St.)

21 East side of Faulkner St., between Ronnoc Ln. and Marshall 4.2 St. (519 Faulkner St.)

Van Hook House

This was the home of J.M. Van Hook in 1906.

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(Continue south on Faulkner St. to the intersection with Washington St.)

22 Northeast corner of Faulkner and Washington Sts. (301 4.4 Faulkner St.)

Walt House

In the early 1900s, this was Mr. Walt's residence.

(Look across to the northwest corner.)

23 Northwest corner of Faulkner and Washington Sts. 4.4 Site of Connor Library

A building located here started as a the New Smyrna Free Library, a gift from Washington E. Connor and Jeanette Thurber Connor on October 1, 1901. It was donated to the city on May 9, 1924, and later became the home of the Garden Club.

(Walk east 100 feet on Washington St.)

24 North side of Washington St., between Faulkner and Hillman 4.5 Sts. (115 Washington St.)

Alba Court Inn

This 26-room hotel was built in 1906 by James and Clyde Pennell. The three-story lobby provided cross-ventilation to the guest rooms. Steam heat and gas were supplemented by in- room plumbing added in 1917.

(Walk west on Washington St. to the intersection with Faulkner St. and cross to the southeast corner.)

25 Southeast corner of Washington and Faulkner Sts. 4.5 First Baptist Church

The Union Church was the home of a number of congregations until they built their separate church buildings. One was First Baptist Church, which organized in 1905. In 1929, the congregation built its own brick sanctuary.

(Cross Faulkner St. and continue west 100 feet on Washington St., and look north across the street.)

8 26 North side of Washington St., between Faulkner and Rush Sts. 4.6 (205 Washington St.)

United Church of Christ

This church was organized in December of 1875 by Rev. C.G. Selleck as a Church of Christ. In 1879, it was incorporated as a Congregational Church and built a sanctuary here. It was combined with the First Presbyterian Church from 1948 to 1953 as the Federated Church.

(Continue west on Washington St. to the intersection with Dixie Fwy.)

27 Intersection of Washington St. and Dixie Fwy. 4.8 Dixie Highway

This section of roadway was a part of the Dixie Highway, which was the dream of Carl Fisher of Indianapolis. He had made his fortune in the new auto industry, and wanted to build a highway from Chicago to Miami. When news got out, many communities formed associations to lobby for inclusion on the route. The Dixie Highway Association met in Chattanooga and chose a route passing through Tallahassee and Jacksonville, and proceeding south along the east coast. Frenzied lobbying also produced an inland route passing through Gainesville, Ocala, Winter Park, Orlando, Kissimmee, Bartow and Arcadia, rejoining the coastal route at Palm Beach. In 1915, Fisher led an auto cavalcade from the Midwest to Miami, popularizing auto trips to Florida. The Dixie Highway was officially open for traffic in October of 1925 from the Canadian border at the northern tip of Michigan to Miami.

(Cross to the southwest corner.)

28 West of US 1 4.8 Westside

This area became populated with blacks after the Civil War. Many had gardens and farms and fished and crabbed in the river.

(Continue west on Washington St. to the intersection with Dimmick St.)

29 Northeast corner of Washington and Dimmick Sts. (519 4.9 Washington St.)

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Site of Sacred Heart Church

A small wooden church with a seating capacity of 80 was built in 1899 as Sacred Heart Church on Faulkner St. It served as a mission outpost from St. Peter's Church in DeLand for a small group of white Roman Catholics. In 1956, the congregation built a new church here and moved its old building further into the black community to be used as a house of worship for black Roman Catholics. This building later became the home of the Crown of Life Church of God in Christ.

(Continue west on Washington St. to the yellow church on the north side of the street.)

30 North side of Washington St., between Dimmick and Sheldon 4.9 Sts. (569 Washington St.)

Mount Calvary Baptist Church

This church was organized in 1885 by Rev. Richard Singleton. The sanctuary was rebuilt in 1949 by Rev. J.W. Walker.

(Continue west on Washington St., then walk north 125 feet on Myrtle Ave.)

31 East side of Myrtle Ave., between Washington and Jefferson 5.1 Sts. (315 N. Myrtle Ave.)

New Hope Missionary Baptist Church

This church was organized in 1932 by Rev. L.E. Sellers. The sanctuary was rebuilt in 1972 by Rev. J.B. Webb.

(Continue north on Myrtle Ave., then walk west on Jefferson St. to the intersection with Duss St.)

32 Southwest corner of Duss and Jefferson Sts. (312 N. Duss St.) 5.2 St. Rita's Mission

This was the former Sacred Heart Church, moved here in 1956 when the white congregation no longer needed it. It was renamed the St. Rita Mission, replacing a chapel of the same name located in an old boarding house located near the two- story Madonna House, which housed the Sisters of the Christian Doctrine and their kindergarten and day care center. During the 1960s, St. Rita's and Sacred Heart merged to

10 form an integrated church, and the old building located here became an annex for a child care project. Later, it was turned into a Black Heritage museum.

(Walk south on Duss St., east on Washington St., and south 150 feet on Myrtle Ave.)

33 West side of Myrtle Ave., between Washington and Julia Sts. 5.4 (214 Myrtle Ave.)

Pleasant Grove Baptist Church

This church was organized in July of 1941 by Rev. W.M. Roberts.

(Continue south on Myrtle Ave. to the intersection with Julia St.)

34 Northwest corner of Myrtle Ave. and Julia St. (201 Myrtle 5.4 Ave.)

Site of Chisholm School

A one-story wood frame building was erected here in 1910 to house classes for black students. Previously, classes were held in two houses owned by Leroy Chisholm, and he was instrumental in raising funds for the construction of the school building. When it opened, it held grades one through six, and was expanded to grades seven and eight with funds raised by Clara Wallace. Chisholm became the supervisor of Chisholm Academy, as it was called. Between 1935 and 1942, it was called Chisholm High School, and another school of the same name opened in 1954 on Ronnoc Ln. Its students transferred to New Smyrna Beach Senior High School when it opened in 1969. The building later became the Alonzo "Babe" James Youth Center. It was replaced in about 2000 by a new youth center on the northeast corner.

(Continue south on Myrtle Ave., then walk west on Canal St. to the intersection with Inwood Ave.)

35 Intersection of Canal St. and Inwood Ave. 5.6 Inwood Avenue

This street was formerly named Cottonshed Ave., named for the buildings in which cotton was stored awaiting shipment by boat.

(Continue west and southwest on Canal St., then walk south on

11 Mission Dr. until it turns to the east. Enter the park along the dirt road and visit the ruins.)

36 West side of Mission Dr., south of SR 44 6.9 Sugar Mill Ruins

A steam sugar and saw mill were built here in 1830, and in 1835 were destroyed by Indians. During the Seminole Wars, soldiers were stationed here. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on August 12, 1970.

(Exit the park and walk east on Mission Dr., north on Old Mission Rd., and east on SR 44 (which becomes Lytle Ave.) to the intersection with Palmetto St., and look to the north.)

37 Southeast corner of Palmetto and Douglas Sts. 8.4 First United Methodist Church

One root of this church, the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, began in 1885 and held services in the Union Church, then built its own on Canal St. The other, the Methodist Episcopal Church, North, was organized in 1887 and had a church at 315 Faulkner St. The two factions merged. This site was purchased in 1912 for $900 and a new church was soon erected.

(Walk south on Palmetto St. to the intersection with Smith St. and look to the west.)

38 West of the intersection of Palmetto and Smith Sts. 8.6 Site of Central Area

By 1777, the Turnbull settlement had two large and one small store, a windmill, a horse-powered mill, Dr. Turnbull's house, and 145 other houses. In the central area about 0.4 miles west of here were also warehouses, storage sheds, a jail, craft shops, a garrison, a powder magazine, and buildings for single men.

(Walk east on Smith St., south on Magnolia St., east on Clinch St., and north 100 feet on Riverside Dr.)

39 East side of Riverside Dr., between Clinch and Smith Sts. 8.9 Site of Stone Wharf

One of Turnbull's first public works was a wharf, constructed here in 1768 of two-foot blocks of coquina set

12 into the shelly bank. This marks the southern end of the King's Road, started in 1632 by the Spanish and completed in 1771 by the British. From here, the road headed north to Turnbull's palace, then turned west and eventually north to St. Augustine. Running due west from here was a road that led to the sugar mill and swamp. During the Civil War, this area was used by blockade runners who brought in supplies for the Confederates from the Bahamas. On March 22, 1862, this was the site of a skirmish between Confederate soldiers and sailors from the Union steamers "Henry Andrew" and "Penguin". Two Union officers and six crewmen were killed.

(Continue north on Riverside Dr. 175 feet past Smith St.)

40 West side of Riverside Dr., between Smith and Anderson Sts. 8.9 (608 S. Riverside Dr.)

Site of Fox House

Dr. Benjamin Fox, the first physician in New Smyrna, lived here in the early 1900s.

(Continue north on Riverside Dr. to the intersection with Anderson St. and cross to the northwest corner.)

41 Northwest corner of Riverside Dr. and Anderson St. (512 S. 9.0 Riverside Dr.)

Night Swan

This structure, with a wraparound porch and central fireplace, was built with a modified Victorian style in 1906. It is now a bed and breakfast.

(Continue north on Riverside Dr. to the intersection with Andrews St.)

42 Northwest corner of Riverside Dr. and Andrews St. 9.1 Site of Fort New Smyrna

There is no evidence of the walls or other buildings of the fort, but occasionally an artifact is found buried in the yards of the homes now sitting on this site. Building of the fort began between February and April of 1836. It was called Fort Mosquito, Fort Hernandez, and Fort New Smyrna. Part of the ruins of the Dunham mansion were incorporated into the construction of the fort. The fort was abandoned starting on October 26, 1853.

13 The last supplies were gone by 1855. The site is now occupied by a house built in 1909.

(Continue north on Riverside Dr. to the intersection with Lytle Ave.)

43 Southwest corner of Lytle Ave. and Riverside Dr. 9.2 Site of Dunham Mansion

Mary Dunham built a stately stone mansion here with six large columns in the front. It was the residence of Judge David R. Dunham in the early 1830s. On December 28, 1835, Chief Philip and a party of Uchee Indians and about 100 blacks set the house on fire. As they danced around the flames, a keg of gunpowder in the basement exploded. In 1893, a store was built here by W.P. Shryock, who sold general merchandise, staples and fancy groceries, stoves, ranges, hardware, and other goods. During construction, many relics were found from the Dunham occupation of the site. An extensive dock stretched into the river from the front of the store.

(Cross to the median in Lytle Ave.)

44 Intersection of Lytle Ave. and base of the Causeway Bridge 9.2 Site of Railroad Depot

The first railroad to reach New Smyrna was the BSOCA, officially named the Blue Springs, Orange City and Atlantic Railway, but referred to as "Built Strictly On Credit and Air". Its tracks ran down Lytle Ave. to a depot located here. In 1891, a second railroad connection reached New Smyrna Beach. The Florida East Coast Railroad established a locomotive repair shop and roundhouse here in 1926.

(Cross to the northwest corner.)

45 Northwest corner of Lytle Ave. and Riverside Dr. 9.2 Site of Skipper Drug Store

In 1906, R.J. Skipper had the only soda water stand in town, located in his drug store here. Next door to the north was L.C. Chisholm's Barber Shop.

(Continue north on Riverside Dr., then walk west on Downing St., north on Live Oak St., west on Canal St. and north on

14 9.6 Rush St. to the point of beginning.)

Bibliography

A Guide to National Register Sites in Florida, (Florida Department of State 1984)

African Americans in Florida, by Maxine D. Jones and Kevin M. McCarthy (Pineapple Press, Inc. 1993)

Bicentennial Pictorial History of Volusia County, by Henry B. Watson (The News-Journal Corporation 1976)

Black Florida, by Kevin M. McCarthy (Hippocrene Books 1995)

Centennial History of Volusia County, Florida 1854-1954, by Ianthe Bond Hebel (College Publishing Company 1955)

Florida Bed & Breakfast Guide, by Valerie C. Bondy (Queen of Hearts Publications 1995)

Florida Historical Markers & Sites, by Floyd E. Boone (Gulf Publishing Company 1988)

Florida: The Long Frontier, by Marjory Stoneman Douglas (Harper & Row 1967)

Florida's History Through Its Places: Properties in the National Register of Historic Places, by Morton D. Winsberg (Florida State University 1988)

Florida's Past: People and Events That Shaped the State, by Gene M. Burnett (Pineapple Press 1988)

Guide to Florida's Historic Architecture, (University of Florida Press 1989)

Guide to the Small and Historic Lodgings of Florida, by Herbert L. Hiller (Pineapple Press, Inc. 1991)

The Heritage of First United Methodist Church, New Smyrna Beach, Florida, by Edna Massey Conely (UMC Print Shop 1978)

History of New Smyrna, by Gary Luther (1987)

History of Volusia County, Florida, by Pleasant Daniel Gold (The E.O. Painter Printing Co. 1927)

Hopes, Dreams, & Promises: A History of Volusia County, Florida, by Michael G. Schene (News-Journal Corporation 1976)

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The King's Road to Florida: The Stagecoach Route, by Charles W. Bockelman (1975)

Minorcans in Florida: Their History and Heritage, by Jane Quinn (Mission Press 1975)

The Minorcans of Florida: Their History, Language and Culture, by Philip D. Rasico (Luthers 1990)

The New History of Florida, by Michael Gannon (University Press of Florida 1996)

New Smyrna: An Eighteenth Century Greek Odyssey, by E.P. Panagopoulos (University of Florida Press 1966)

New Smyrna, Florida In the Civil War, by Zelia Wilson Sweett (Volusia County Historical Commission 1963)

Six Columns and Fort New Smyrna, by Charles W. Bockelman (E.O. Painter Printing Co. 1985)

True Natives: The Prehistory of Volusia County, by Dana Ste. Claire (Hall Publishing Company 1992)

Wish You Were Here: A Grand Tour of Early Florida Via Old Post Cards, by Hampton Dunn (Byron Kennedy and Company 1981)

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