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THE WHITE HOUlE WASHI NGTON
J ~nuury 21, 1944.
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DEPARTMENT OF STATE WA8HINQTON
January 28 , 1944
My dear Mr. Preaident: I In coapliance with your memorandua ot Januarr 21 , li44 I haYe prepared a reply to Mr . Mrron Taylor tor your signature , it you approve. I have likewiae prepared extra copiea ot Mr· Taylor•a letter and Mr. Tittmann•a l etter tor reference to Admiral Leahy, it you consider it appropriate.
E:ncloaurea: 1. From Mr. T!Q'lor. 2. From Mr . Tlttmann. 3 . To Mr . Taylor.
Tbe President , The White Bouae.
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Jf/fU.U'1 31, 1944
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k4 ~~-- ~ ------d?. -q 5 .. - ~ __..,-'~ }( f>~ ~N· - COPY Copy for Admi ral Leahy
TBK SVEROLAOKS CLUB PALII BEACH FLORIDA
Ja nuary 18 , 1944
Dear Mr. P r ~ a l d ant1 In the enclosed letter Rarold T1ttman haa
au~ed up t he aituatlon regardlnc maki ng or Ro~e an "open city"-- I am confi dent you already bave these conaiderati ona ln mind. With ki nd rec arda, Believe me Sincerel y Myron Taylor.
To The President White Houae. FO!ti.IGII AMERICAN 0 l&+me S ERVICE
Vatican City, November Z Dear L,yron: You will undoubtedly have read the telegrams I have been sending r egarding the desire of tho Vatican to prevent Rome trom becoming e. battle- field. I under stand tbat the >~postolto Dsleg&te in .lashington bne also been instructed to bring the poi nt of view of the Holy ~ee on thi s matter to the attention of the State Department. I gather from my conversation Nith the Ce rdinol ~ec~etary of ~tate that the Vatican regards the idea or an •open city• as a military quest:on only, and is not interested in any way in the various projects ot a political nature that have been advanced recan~ly in the Gerw~n - controlled Rome press, In the eyes or the tloly dee, therefore, "open city" woulc nvpeur ~o menn simply this: 1. I'rovision to avoid oomba ts from teKins pl ace in noma , either through agree~ent brtween t~e belli~orent pa rties or through Allied strategy. This AOul~ ~eao in r ftc tice the withdrawal or the Ger~os trom Rome before the errivol or the llli ee, 2, Provision by the Hllies or pol ice protection for the city during the interval between the withdrawal or ~he Germans end the errivul or tho Allies, 3. The Bo.orable Myron C, Taylor , Department or ~tate , washington. 3 , Provision by tbe Allies or rood supplies tor the popul ation during this interv·•l end thereett.er, I he ve on e number or oooesions pointed out t o tbe Vatican tbat it i s our desirep t o r event destruc tion in Rome and that if the city i s destined to sur for i t wlll be tbe fAult or tbe Germans only ond not ours. I understand that. t.he Germans on their pert have officially assured tee Holy ~ge that it is eleo t~eir desire to see Rome ~ ared • ... incer~ly your-3, COPT Copy ror Admiral Le ahy AWI Rl AN PORitON SliRVICB Vatican Cit y , Noveaber 24 , l i 43. Dear WJr ODI You will undoubtedly have read the tele~raae I have bean eend ina r egardtna the daelre or the Vatican to prevent Rome t ram becomi ng a battla- rield. I unOer atand t hat the Apoet ollc Delega te i n Waahington baa &l ao bean inat r ucted to bring t he poi nt or vi ew or t he Holy Sea on thia a atter to t he attention or t he State Dapart-nt. I a ather rro. my conver sati on with t he Cardinal Secr etary or State t hat the Vati can re arde the i dea ot an •open ci t y• aa a mili tary ques t i on only, and le not lntereet ed in any ••Y in the varloua project& ot a pol1t1oal natura that have been advanced r ecently i n t he Oerman- oontrolled Rome preaa . I n the eyee or the Bol7 See, ther efor e , " open city• would appe ar to me an aillply thll r 1 . Prov1a1on to avoi d combata trom taklne place in Ro~e , either through aereemant between the belligerent parties or through Allied etrategy. Tbla would mean i n practice the withdrawal or the Oel'lllana trOIB Roae before the arr ival ot the Alliea . a. Pr ovia1on b7 the ~lliaa of poll ee protection t or the city during the inter val between the with drawal ot the Oeraana and the arrival ot the All lee, s. Provial on by the All lea or rood auppllea tor the population duri ng thi a lnte~al and t her eafter . I have on a number or ooeaai ona pointed out to t be Vat i can that i t 1a our daal re t o prevent deatruo t 1on in Rome and that it the ci ty ie deatlned to eurter lt will be the fault or the Gel'llana on1y and not oura. I undor atand that the Oeraana on their part have otr1- o1ally aaaured t he Boly Sea that lt i a alao t heir desire to aee Roae apared. Sincer el y youra, RA ROLD T I TftA lflf The Honorable Myron c. Taylor, Depar~nt ot St ate , Waehl ngton. - T H E WHI TE HOUSE WASHI N GT O N Fe bruary 21, 1944. KEMOR.UIDUK FOR THE ACTiliG SECJU:.TAR!{ OF f:TATE I have r ead the encloaed ori&inal ! r om tbe Pope, dat ed July 20, 1943 · Do you t hink that t i\U abould 10 t o Senat or Nye? Wha t 1n t ha na8e ot true rel igion do you auppoae t he Senator • anta this tor ? F. D . R. . I'P-f' ~.CltZ"l " { ~~~ ,{ 4)/IJII - ,( ft#l- iif.,;..._./'14· &1~41-.3 / / DEPARTMENT OF eTATE WAeHINQTON My dear Mr. Pree1dent: I am enoloe1ng a copy or a letter wh1oh I ba•• received from Senator Nye requesting a oopy or the reply which the Pope aade to your letter or July 10, 19t~ at the tiae or the invasion or 81oily. The Pope'e reply ie dated July 20, l9t~. which you were kind enough to refer to me by memorandum on Auguet ~ for ay i nformation and to aake oopiee for the Department's filee, I returned the original letter to you on September 6, 19~. I ehould be grateful for an expreee1on or your w1ehee 1n replying to Senator Nye. youra , Enoloeurer I Fro• 8en7!~r Nye, February~ 1944. The Prel1dent, !be White Bouee. lltparton tnt of a tate ....., 8E -- ENCLOSURE TO l.etter dr&fled ·· ---- ·--- COPY UNITED STATES SENATE February 4, 1944 Honorable Cordell Hull Department of State Washington, D.O. My dear Mr. Secretary: The New York Times of July 24, 1943 reported t he letter of President Rooeevel t to t he Veo.tican of July 10 , 1943. Can you afford me a copy or a summary of the response which vas afforded to this communication by the Pope? Sincerely yours, /a/ GERALD P. NYE '1.-o-- tii!U"Ch l , l9H . , a... Arstti.... : J ..... , . ... let.... , ...... , 1' ...... ca...... , ..Pial ettMU .. -..., ..,..a.u r ia ne ntlrhe ,..,a.-, .... ,., ••uu .. ca...... , .... 1110-1 appeal at au lolieeM fOP tiM1P .....- U.... 'I'M AlllH elU'-7 uu.arlUoo U l&aJJ era ..-~ ...... ,.u., at -lU.C ...... Pel~ diPiMo aM tllalaPlaal _._• ._ .. , ...... ,' ...1 , ,...nlo 1a ...... ~-. '-to ~too &a u. .u, at .._. •• ...... ,.... at Italr ....,.. u. ,_. at Ule l'llSW ..u ... lilaft 'IIIMII OP wU1 1M ...... l a l ..u .. "-"•· ...... • ..... tlpu~ • ...,.,.... - •u• ..., ...... ,...... ~- , ...... tlhale .., .., wUl ....._llltl liM UbeNUDO of llolr aa4 111e Iullu ,...,... a..a tllo ~ uoo all tile ~ r ..nus .. '*'• • _..., _,.. , .... u Jtoao, ana..eo la oMer te hlr&-. Ilia alllb.l'7 _,.tp, lJiao P"t .,.as-. tM aJUaato Ulloftltloa ot •• 1111Uoa , Ulan tuUUIM -' 'k tedo4 lila wUII aU olll" t-. '"'- tile _, •••- a ,.., n oa oqoolJIC 1-••• ol'l'll'"- _. - a roltcU• or ldotorlool ellr1" la 1111 owa aSUt4an ~ataJO , W a.wo .. AolM Mit .. en..a oH tta,....._ Ilia. l\ le la ca. ..,_ at a -tllot ...... &a. 1110Plll 'br ..11 poWN ..... ·~ u .._... .. euor _.._., or ...., till.. Ulet h Meatthl .. all la.l ow alll..., ..._ ,.la...... , lie o1111aH le ...u , .... palatal -----. Published in For~i(n Relations of the United St•tes- Vol , lV Europo Parea 12!1-12!!2 .,_c ...... "" • -t - OW eal' "•- lll ••tee~r:Sq .., per' of .._ h - ...ld. " ,. __,,.. llll4 .... "7 .a. ~ It IIU hUM.. wtll w -••fill ta para~~a&lllf ..._ to ...,.., u. .._...... u~ .-.....,., ., ._ ~ wt~wt ...... u wtW.d ...... ,. M M 1ll4 ta• aoa- Ua ,...... u ... naaaa ••lr. • u llllM- u. Cel"'llMl '""tar7 al l 'aw W Ue- BU lloll-0 \lid U I'IM l.u 0111' ...... , ...u. "'-' Hllalou e&ttt... aa4 aU.O. - • • •• of - • •• alwtlltaUaa w I&Ye4 tJooa ...... ,._ u...... , u. Iller« us,_,.. a1 u. ·~· aa.... r.tlllan-• l ll tJia - ~ ollalt - a...,- ate ••••· _, •' ...., .. laa91'-"'• -,..a.u,4 ,.lMlJila will W ~11 .. 1a \be 0DA M t of VIe ftr. ,., .,..... 17 , ..... Jlta Ull\OD01 fit l!ol' ...... 114 ~•'- ~1 o..-n1 Ola....-1, •rch"t••,. ot La,41ota 41 ••111a, 1'lM '-liO•tollo :lelecaw. aa>rt-.teo, a. e. , ,/ DEPARTMENT 01' &TATE WA8HINQTON MEMORANDUM roR THE PRESIDENT In oo~lianoe with JOur aeaorandum or FebruarJ 19, 19.. , there ie attaohed tor JOur eignature, it JO~ approTe, a replJ to the Apoetolio Delegate's letter or FebruarJ 17 concerning aerial attaoke on Rome. The oopJ or the letter troa the Delegate ie returned. Enoloeuree: 1. Dratt letter to the Apoetolio Delegate. 2 , Oop7 or letter rroa Apoatolio Delegate, FebruarJ 17, 19... THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON l'eb~ry 19, 1944· I«EEIIIUNDUll POR THE ACTING SECR£'l'AR'i OF STATE l'OR PREPARATION 01' RF.PLY FOR MY SICNATURE . f', D. R. l PubHoh~l\ 1n . Fortitn R~lAt1ons of !h!, !Jnitft~ St,.tfta 19411 Vol. 1'i Europe P~re• 1277 -127~ I ~ • a.J.K,dH.Jr/IJ •r J:~mu• yt,.d,~14'"· !/ t. NO 292/42 Pebruary 17, 1944 V.r. Preaiden t: I hsve been inforaed by His ~inenee, the Cardinal Secretary or State, that for eoae daya paet Al lied aeroplanes have undertaken an almost continuoua bombardment and machine-~nnin~ or sections or Rome, esoecially nt the outskirts but aleo within the o1ty proper. Notable dama~e baa been caused to civilian build inRI and to some churches. The recently reconstructed Hospice or Santa Galla, which is the prooerty of the Holy See, baa also been seriously damayed. Hie Eminence notes that Iince Rome was declared an ooen city by the Bado~lio Govern~ent last August it has been lett oractically without any anti-aircraft defanae, and ia not equioped With auitable air raid sheltera. The peculation or the peripheral t ones or Rome e'naiata laryely or workinv people amon~ whoa there already h~ve been m•ny victims . In view or the foregoing and oarticular ly in consideration of the eacred character or Rome, the center of Catholi oism, the Holy Fa t her a s Bishop or the Eternal City, in hie profound grief for the suffe ring population >•hi ch bas 9lready been so sorely trled, ardently desiree the cessa tion ot theee bombard menta. Hia Hollness therefore, throuan me, addreaeee hie ~ere onal and ur~nt appeal to Your Excellency, ae Preaident or the United States, tor thia purpose. The Pree1dent The Whit o Hous o In this tra~ic hour the eyes not only or hundred million almost tour CRtholica, but of all those who ha ve God in their thoupht s and >rho apprecitte or lite, the spi rituel value• are turned with anxiety to the Sovereign Pontiff. Destruction and ruin Fre being heaped days. uuon I taly in these The entir e pooulation ie subJected to the hArdships of war. moat extreme Wi thout hooe or he l pin~ itaelr the nation is forced to wi tneea the obl1 tera treasures t1on or eo many or i t6 of reli~ion , art and culture which it has fondly safeguarded throuvhout the centuries not but only for i teelr for the world. Whet will be the judgment or centuries to come if now even Rome itself, whose very symbol or name is the our civilization, should be included among the ruins of the present war? To Your Excellency, who has on many occasi ons manifeated your noble C?ncern ro~ the city of Ro~e and for the sufferi ng, I address t hi s apoeal, at the directi on the and i n his augus or Hol y rather t name . With a vrievinR heart and with a cry that springs f r om the depths of his paterna Pontiff invokes l soul the Sovereign Your ~cellency's interventi on t hat Rome may be spared from the horror and destruc attacks. tion of further aerial With the assurances or my hi my ghest consideration and of deep oer sonal r egard, I have the honor to remain Resoectfully yours, ~/. ~ ft::-~~ ~r~hbishop ~~dices Aooetolic Delegate THI: WHITI: HOUSI: WASHINGTON Warch 13, 1944 • .JL.AUH..JIDVII FOH ThE 51:.C.:!U.1,.k~ OF ST.. TE : FOk PRi::.t",.!O.'llv &• OF REPL~ FOR ~~ SiuNhTURh. I".IJ . R. I,;. PAr ~~ ""h "" Uo•t Rftverend ,. . G. '-'i CO~' nt, Arc~nt~h~~ o ~ L~outeeft , ~no1~l4c Oele~~ · e , "~/! .,/IJ. , to ' .'lf" ~rfiJI .. ' cent, "n ...,""'l:r to · n• ~"'rf"'{J@n t' • l~ t 4 'r or "'/l' 1.. •n N" bo...ib r ,i.1•nt , r n.o.,,. . "'uot""' --t~'l'l~r.e "ron Hi"' Eninf" nCft 1 · ~~ Cn:-.11n~t.l 3ecret'il"\' o~~" ~•ate , rot~arJ1m ' h"' rrantt•r...... !11. 1944 .. tbQI • A 13 U ..... , ...... -w•t·~ ~- - -....u...... la .., ...... , ...... -..IPfttl- ol , .. ...... wU ..~ to tbe aN-....U• of """- IIHIM!I ..., •••·-~~-· ta .... dll ...... '1>.,.• of ltalp. •a.. a Ultu, o..t-.att- ... 1... 1 ..... r• ...., u. lobll tota wt •'lff • P ot lll t o,, ..,~ t ... I . ... et tile IIIDh ..., att-l •d'r 11111 OIP"ItJ.,.Iaal .. ~UO -., 0 "' g~· \\'\ ..1eRNt J?.._lftiiM.... t I .,..,. - l ..w . et .... t• \Mf, ._,._ u .,. w rt-. l a ~ .... u ... .r tM •ol• ,... wtn r• et t o •• "-n · t•n ef ~11.,1•• q4 al lidO la-.,. • V Mr ••rte et •Jt alF'•. • l'le• .. b#OWII 1!0 IIIJt .... t ile (M.,-.,.,.1 ....NtUY ef !lt•te t ll•t I • jW•teftll ff!(f llt o \'t- • --' • tl\ vtw , ...... ,.till e .. ",...... r ...... ,.u.~. •• ., o'•t ot ,... , tn e••l,.?•Uota .., t•• ~~rhte llHoC atllt" PJ' ntMrtU••· htr dworel.r ,_, Jrto 'beelleur ftle ...... " .. 411leh Cle..,...t Cl ..,.,.lll. __._....., ot 1.4olt"& ( \ dcf.• , ~.. A40•to\ie ote.. to, .....,.,. .. . "'· c. I - Publ1ohe<\- 1n l"oro1rn ~\'!.!!.!. ~ ~ Un1to<\ State& 1944 VQl, lV, Europe P•reo l2S3-l2S~ J ,j.!S9. /k.i.Hu'~NJr/6 .~"/,.,._,,. JI~A,~ f/.?" . !7. t.' NO 49?/42 March 13, 1944 Mr. Preaiden t: I be~ to ec~owledP letter e Your gxcellency ' s valued of V~rch 1, 1944, on the subject Of the bombardment or Rome . I transmitted its content at once the Cerdinal Secretary to His Eminence, of St~te, who now inforos me thAt the Holy See has taken corni~ance of Your Excellency's of your •ardent declaration desire thet reli~ioue edi fices and other monu ments of our oo~~on civili~ation be s~vcd from daoa~e •. His Eminence directs me to present various observations to Your gxcellPncy on the subject, and I r~soectfully transcribe them herewith~~ they were receiv~d . Uo to the oresent the destruction and monuments to sacred buildings is already enor mous and i nvolves l osees that rise to many millions of dollars. this destruction Quite naturally ls the source of vrave concern to th e Holy See and lt is reared that in many cases means ha ve not been adeouate employed to carry out the re~eetedly exore ~sed desire or Your gxcellency that •uch monu~ents and sacred edifices be spared fro war . m the devastation of These conditions have been verif ied also recent lamentable in the most bombardments of Race in vhich the large Oetienae atetl on wa s the military tar,et. Desoite the fact thet the tllr llet olve area >ras very exten ond attacked under conditions or clear visibility, two churches and many homes or destroyed. working oeople wPre All these latter structures easily could have been distinrulehed from the These objective itself. ralde resulted ln the k1111ng or hund reds or innocent oersone, - " fact which is e1nce tr.ey the more oeinful belon~ to e nation already vanquished and which surrendered uncondltlonally. The President The White House The H<>ly See on its 1)Prt be17s to aesure the Allied ~vernments that every precaution is beinR used and the Rreatest v1R1le nce em1)loyed lest any of the r eli gious rnoauments or the gternal Oity be ueed for militar y ourposee. The destructi on of the Abbey of V~ ntecassino, falsely descr ibed as s Germon fortr ess, has been for the Holy See a sad lesson on the dan gers of auch erroneous statements. (In this reR&rd I have l'ecently consigned a memo randum to Mr. Myron C. Taylor). His Eminence further sta tes that 1n the Judgme nt of comoetent military observers a direct attack on Rome is neither neces sary nor desirable. The city ie •itue ted on a olein, no t fa r from the Aea, • nd hae an ext ensive network of roads f anning out to both the North and South, thus oermltting an advancing military force to by- ossa it easily. On the oth r hand house to house combat in t he city would entail tremendous losses to both the attacking and defending forces, and of course principally to the i nnocent c i vilian residents. It would anoear therefore that to save Rome from such destruc tion would be i n the interest not onlv of re li~io n and civilization, but would ~leo offer dir ect military advantaye. It ls obvious thet the destruction caused i n the Italian campaign, end most oart icular ly i n Ro ~e, is being made the instrument of widesoread German orooaganda al';ainst the Allies, with r esulting distrust and aversion •mong those very oeo1)le >tho might have been expected to f ollo>• the Allied standar d . I can assur e Your Excellency, on the statement of Hie Eminence , that the Holy See will conti nue to make ooportune i nsistence with the German authorities for the same nuroose of savinG Rome from f urther destruction. Wi th the assurances or my h1~hest consideration and of my deep neraonal r e~a rd, I have the honor to rema in Mo st respectfully yours, ~ /.~ It: . . ch~i shop of ~ Apostolio De~:~~ea DEPAATM ENT OF 8TATE WA8H I NOTO N Pnr·ch ~o . 1'1"d VEVORANUDV TOR THE PRF.S IDENT Subject: Reply to A~oetol ic Dele~ate•e letter concerning ~re eervat ion I of Rome. I n compliance with your memor andum o! Var oh 13, 19•4, tranemitting a letter !rom the Apostolic Delegate concerning t he preservation o! rel igious shrines and monument• in Rome, there ie att~ohed a proposed r eply to t he De l egate !or your signature i f you ao~rove. I have litewiee ~reoared, !or your signature, a memorandum to Admi ral Leahy furnishing him with a c epy o! the Delegate'• letter for oonsideration by the Joint Ch iefe o! Staff. Letter from t he De le~te t o you ie returned, a oooy havin~ been made !or t he Deoartment•e !ilee. J;noloeure e: 1. From the A~oe t ol ic Delegate, Kar ch 13, 1944. a. Draft letter to the Aooetolio Delegate. 3. Draft memorandum to Admiral Le~hy . ~ ... 11 " - .~...... :. 1 · :;"' 't: ... , ..... ,. ' ;t •' ... q l "" / • /llrparhnrnt nf lHn tt Sl EXCI.O....SC RE ··--- ·- .... 21, 1M4 ,....,...: J llraw ,... 1.-te• of ..... 1.1 _,...._ ,...... ,...... u. Del..... -le•l• _... •.. ... _.... or ._.. ..,.,,. Q AlU.. ..._,,• ...... '1 lfti- llu ~ la ~-· Me •&aU ....•au ...... , .... aa...... r .. .u,.. _... ., ...... ••••.... J ...... , ...., ,...... •. Del...... -., Hllalt ..,._. &lla& a. Atll.. alllo&a1'7 _ ..... •• .... rtel• ... lelle,.... le ...... , ...... , Of X n:uaJelM fM•t e ..... of ... .._• ..,...... 11M Ill .., ..... J ~ ...... , .... l.ll&a IWl?a•..., tdall.. _..• ,, ,._, ""·UI D. 1\00S~VKI>; ~tuu- DEP4RTMENT OF IITATit WASHI NGTON March 20 , 1 ~4" ICDIOJWII)O)( rOR 'l'U PREIIDD~ 8ubJeot: ftepl7 to MJrOD ~a7lor'• letter oonoern1ac the 4eatruot1on or Monteoaaa1no Abbe7 In ooapl1anoe with 7our ...orandua or Xaroh 10 enoloa- 1ng a letter fro• M7ron ~a7lor and aeaorandua troa the 4Po•tol1o Delacate oonoern1nc the deatruot1on or the Abbe7 ,, or Monteoaaa1no, I ha.a prepared a repl7 to Mr. ~aJlor tor 7our a1cnatura 1f 7ou approYe. Mr. fa7lor' • letter and enoloaure are returned, oop1ea ha•lnc been -de ror the Dapartaent'• run. Knoloaurn: 1. h'oa Mr. ~a7lor , Xaroh 1:1, 1~. with enolo•ura. e. Dratt rapl7 to Mr. ~-710r. lltpartn trnl of •tau ENCLOSURE TO ~.... dtalltcl !Ill Prea14ent ..- ..- .. -- - l THE WHITE HOUSE. WASHIN GTON llar ch 15, l944· ltUORJ.I/Dtil.l FOR Tl!L SECP.L!,JI'X Of' b1• T~ : FOR PREPIJU,'IlON OF i\E>'LY FOR IIY Sl Gt. ..T".J IU.. F. L. R. l,.,;,.r fro"' Hon . Yvron .,..,·lor, "11. Br<>•d.. ,.y, ''YC, "~ / l •I llaroh lJ 1944 Dear Kr. President, The Apos t olio Delegate bas brought to my attention personally a memorandum which be bas received froa the Papal Secretary of St ate, Ca rdinal Maglione, and which I enolosa herewith tor your infor~ation and action. I have baon thinking of a pAragraph that aoaatiae aigbt wall be uaad i n relation to tba whole questi on of destruction of proper ty and lite and might t • well be picked u p ~nd uoed cenerally. I aball be at the Oopartaont ot State Thuraday - and each woek horoatter on Wodnoaday , Tburaday and Friday. Witb highest personal reaarde, believ • me , Faithfully youro, ~~ To The Proaident, The Whits House, W a o h 1 n g t o n. l ' / MEM O RAN D UM The destructicn ot the Abbey ot Montecassino il moat 1addan1ng and arouaea great teara tor the tuture ot other auoh rel1giOUI oentera in Italy and in Rome itselt. The Abbot ot Monteoa1aino has given formal aa1uranoe to the Holy See that there were never gun emplaoamenta, nor German 1oldier1, nor obaervation poata wi thin the preoinota ot the monaatery, The i n tegrity ot thil illuetrioua Prelate, who remained at hil place in t he monaatery till the last, and the accurate control exerciaad by him and b1a monka in order no t •o prejudice the tate ot the monaatery leave no doubt regarding b1a testimony, In the monastery the only extraneous pereone were many poor retugeaa, 110at1y women and children, a.n~ aever&l hundred ot t haae were killed by bombe. The Abbot doea not know whether some a1litary emplace mente which were in t he vicinity ot the monaatery, but nonetheless outaide it, were eli minated by the bombardments, He obaervel, however, that where there wa1 only a peaceful monaatery, abaolutely tree trom any m111tary alement l , there are now enormous pilea ot ruine wh1 oh can easily be defended, and whose con quest will reap a va1t toll ot human lives , Attar all thil it ia under standable how the en tire Catholic world il weighed down with grave concern t or the Et ernal City. All t hole ot good Will and com pet ent pereona ot avery prote1aion sincerely hope t hat not only tor reaaona ot religion and civil i ~ ati on, but alao tor obvioua 11111tary oonside.rationl, taot1o1 and tuture strategy be 10 outlined as not to carry t he battle near or within the walla ot aueh a vast and monumental city aa Rome . i1 DEPARTMENT Of" STATE WASHINGTON () March 22 , 1944 Dear Mr . President: I acknowledge your favor or March 21 suggesti.ng a form or reply to the Apostolic Del egate in respect to the bombing or Wente cassino by Allied aircraft. I am attaching tor your tiles a copy ot ~ reply based upon your suggestion. With assurances of ~ highest esteem, believe me Faithfully yours, Myron C. Taylor The President , • The \'/hi te House . Maroh 22 , 1944 Your boellanoy: Hatarr ing to your raoant co~unice tion concerning the bombi ng ot Monteoaeo1no b7 Allied aircraft, the Pres ident bas authorized .. t o reply in hie behalf that t he Allied mil1 tarr oO!lllllllndera in t he tiald had india- pUteble nidenca that t ha Abbey ot ~on teoa ee1no t Ol'llad a part ot t he lier•n detensiYe line in t ba t a.rea . These are the raaeona t or 11111 tarr action against t he Abba1. Your Exoellanor boa traquantly baen adYiead that it has been and ia the arden t wiah or the President and t ~e Allied militar y oo:mandera that auoh coopelling aituat1ona ba not craatad by the anamy to make military action naoeo88 r y. With aaauranoaa ot =1 continuing raapact and regard, baliaYa me Yary aincaraly youra, Myr on c. Taylor Il ia lb:oallancy Tha ~oat Ra'farand Aaleto OiOYADAi C1cocnao1 , Arohb1ahop ot Lao41oaa di .rr1g1a , Tha .t.poatollc Dalaga t a, · WaahiQStoo, D. o...... IIR , R, L. IIILLEih d tbeD lleOO baclc to ••• ,. _._...... ~.~ .... TH. ._,_,aC:C:"InAif'l' 01".c. HAT C DEPARTMENT OF STATE WASHINGTON APril 1, 1944 f,tt-l.. ~ _,.... --- L"'""' ~• '-1 , i.f~ 5 The attached commun i cation to the President from Pope Plus XII on July 20, 1943, regarding the statue or the Vatican C1 ty and Papal domain a 1n Italy 1s being returned to you for the President's fllea. A copy has been made for t he De partment's Cllea. Enclosure: 1. From Pope P1ua XII, July 20, 1943. hZU.r~<..j I .It:¥ _,..,..._-...... ,... MCJ~~«t-Y or . , •- n: _,_. .... }~~ . DEPARTMENT OF STATE WASHINGTON ~~ April 4, 1944 MEMORANDUM FOR THE PRESIDENT Subject: Commun1oation rroa the Cardinal Secretary or State on the Bomb ing or Rome. There i a attached a copy or a letter or March 22, 1944 !rom t he Apostolic Delegate in Washington tra.na mlttlng a oommun1catlon rroa the Cardinal Secretary or State regard1ng allied aerial attack& on Rome. A copy or th18 coii>Jilunicatlon baa been eent to Admiral Leah)'. Enclosure: 1. From the Cardinal Secretary or State, March 22, 1944. ?uhliehe' in Forni rn RAlAtione 2! ~ Un it e~ Stotnn / 1944 Vol , lV 492/42 Karch 2~ . 1944 Uy dear Mr . Secretary, I muat aak your k1nd ln~ulgence for reeuming ao soon the theme or ay letter ot »arch 18 th, ex p reaeing a oce concer n ot the Holy See. Bu t the Ca rdinal Secretary or State baa Juat sent me a further comaunication, and I t h1~ lt well at the preaent t~e to keep you informed. In t he conaciousneaa or hla exalted api r ltuel mlaalon, the Holy Father la unwilllO£ to aasume the reapons1b111ty of not having made known the truth , or ot hav1ng neglected to exhort all belligeronta to sentiments ot humane coneideration tor t he dangers anO dif ficulties or civilian population• 1n all wer areae. It la for t hese rea acne that Bia Bolineaa deairea, through t h la e~icetion , t o open bia whole mind before hie beloved people or America and before the Prealdent or the Un ite~ States. Car dinal ~aglione pointe out t hat lt ie there the prevailing conviction that adequate precauti onary meaeuree would make it poaalble to liMit aerial attacke atrictly to objective• or military importance. Th is parti cular po1nt wae etreaaed in acme detail in my letter of Karch 18th. His Eminence &lao emphaei&ee t hat the continued bomblnoa ot Rome are lowering t he prestige ot the Alliee , embittering a populace otherwise well dis posed, and produci ng the further effect or fomenting Commun ism which la already rire ln the great maae or the peopla, The Honorable Cordell Bull Secretary of State waah l ngton, o.c. He adda that i n the bomba~d~ e n t of Ro~e on ~arch 18 th, the ho~e a of nume r ous c1vil1ana were hit , wh ile the large general hos pital of Rome, known as the "Policlinico•, as well as other smaller hospitals , waa seriously da maged . Because of t his tact, many pe~ a on s were killed ou t~ i gbt , and tho n6ceasary work of providing med icll assistance tor the wounded and t he dying was rendered parti cularly d ifficult. The Cardinal Secretary availa himself of this p resent commun i cation to remar k t he fact t hat Al l ied aircraft still fly over t he terri tory ot the Vatic an Ci ty State. Ills Eminence wlahea to bring this to t he at t en t ion ot the United States Government, wh ich bas g iven repeated assurances t hat the neutral i ty or t he vatican woul d be duly respected, particularly in view of t he danger of c r ashing planes, or of t he acc idental or forced r elease ot bombs in an emer gency . With sent1~ e nts or bi gb ~eraonal r e gard and with every beat wish I rema in Sincerely yours, Archbiabop of Laodicea Apos tolic Oelegate ~ ·· e.-.,.... """ \IN• •I"Pnel • ••• 1Ue, n ., 11ellalr ue til.. et \a. .._., tw tUa ••••.,. er ._... :l a U oa ....,.., .. U. haP« , _. IOI!rPlen ltdltf l• IUlJ, , .. eett.•H... ftt at •tea h tetiMr ..,~ er tae ~ ... ,..~1 ••• friaallJ taeti• ..... • ...,.,.", ' "'" ' " ..-.1e ., ltalr u ,.... .,..,a. ttllatt , ...... t AQfo' •err el.... •lr , ..re, XRAI>ItU.lli D. itOOSEVE.L1 fte S..1'd1e ~r••• e. ~•tlor, SePt of Dw;t r t taat et 5cata, Wo111Uf14••· :>. c:. DEPARTM ENT OF' STATE WASHINGTO N Apr! 1 s . 1944 MEMORANDUM FOR THE PRESIDENT Subject: Reply to Mr . Myron Taylor on messages from Marshal Badoglio concerning t he President 1 s Board tor American Relief in Italy. In accordance wi th your memorandum of March 29, 1944, on the above subject, the at tached reply to Mr. Myron Taylor has been prepared for your stgna- ture, if you Enclosure: 1. Draft letter to Mr. Myron Tayl or. THE WH I TE HOUSE WASHINGTON IIIKOIWIDUJI roll fD IIICU!AJlY or lfAD I lOll nDAJlA!IOJ or UPLY J'OR IIY BIQIIA!URE, r.D.Il. r.e· t ,...... ,.. .. hn l- s ~ nt , 1-.. !.-1.. ' , -~"-nn •er-t n C . ~i::i... lo-, a· .... c~ ·n C',...,.,._ .. """' ~ ~Al~"' ~ ~--r Cha 'n, Alr. ~ ~-1~-· . , " ' n- !:. ;:i,.C"-llo 11e o -,.... · -~ · en • ( ·~, !h""e'\a • " '-.. m •rlo""' n!l Ml"' C n{ n' t rnlc- Tl"''.3 -1'! P. ol' ~h~ f'n-r~~ · n ot• •'1 Ceo·· .. · Pn .,,.._ T o ' un PoJi.,~ , ~n• ·ol- e- t'" !',.,. '"" - . ,~ t• .... . ,., ~'10,... u.s >-a"i en.. c~ ,..,c c.... r.:.. .: !';J.., i ('ln . .. "-.(/ 2- ~.s"A /~~ - 7n ~a!:= ;~ ,.,_ "2>>- ~ tJJ --1 v r V J , --r "'.I" ~ /1 / ...... _ ),/o_ as , :J) L.-.._ ~ ( April 7 , 1'141•• ltE.IO&HLUII FOR THE SECRI::TnRX OF bTnTI:.: FOil FOR PREl'ARnTIO!I OF Rl:..PLX II'J' SI GN;,'l'IJNE. F. u. R. • ~~ 1 f') II M t , !' ~ ~·v~~ 3 r•· f • ! r .,. '"'• ~ .. 10.. 1 r J., X t A ., ~ l' l I~ ft f , I. '' · • ., • ' /. I 1\fJ t "f f I *' t ~ .· r t f) • "' I"~"" I "",.,... t ~ .. ~.... ~ ·?· ·~ ,. .,) . t • • 1'" -· ...,. • • 111 ... tq,;4 llr. Preo1dent: 1 brve the honor t o • ckno ~ l edge Your l ett "r of March .xoellenoy'o :\1 , 1P4-1 , rce · rrUnp • , ,. ,.vloue oo aun1 "' o r Hi e ":-1nenep. t,._e ... t1on C rdlnal See re ~t. ry o: S'~rt e .. on the aub ~ee t or t t-e "'\t·e~~r tl?r. or rf'll, '':\.;lt' p).r~nre •n( oon·""•• ntl :r ~~~ ~ ~n~ oth~r '~tF. or I·~ly . J he v~ « lr~r":y ~ntl)rt~P:l !'11 1'.-it!n~ne, th.1 t hu 1ven e•o·ef Y ~u r xcellency ul o .nndtr-t\on \<> h1r co·aer.to c.n· 1-.ao mG 1 t". tt,tt ~f'•Urf!n OR of S J h 1~ ee,t O ... n 814Cra: t 10n en~ or .., ,,t!tf"'~ 'lC'r.ftOnl"l rn;•rd , I Bil hono r ad to ll"eftl" ln A. G. f"'t,..n,-,nf'• A ro ~b 1 otoo of Laodiceo A ~o•to lic DcleK•te Th11 Pre e1 ' ent --• • June 3, 1944 ··-,. P' "P'' Ba .. 81.7 ... aM ,_ Nt...... - •• .,_ ~·• ~-- ot .,...,.,.,s- u a.,..u•t&Uw ot U. tldtee ...... • U. Ia..,._Ml C-'''- • h11u.l ..,...... r. .. ••• ... a -.n u ....., •· n ...... •· ~·· ....1p&- 's-. wl~ .,_, ...... • , .... - ts- ,_ ...,...... - ... 7&71a''• ----·*'· ••: .... ~ ...... , . ,. . ' ..... ~ llroetsro -'A ~ M to.o& tor U. ltal~ NlW OJI... S.., ...... -•IIJ'LII'IIte Ulat U. ... CroN M wo ..., 1a ., - .. - ....., .....u .. - et ...... ,.. &thstrl, a ••-••sa ••-- to •· hJl•'• ___.... .. ..,.. ••-•ruoNoii'•IICC wt.~ _. ... u. ... Crou U. ....JN&DWU.. '----lOst· at •• ~·· ...... u... .. w111 ~ h ls ONI O. L 1 • ...,.. ~-- ~...... ~. I ,_ '· 1944 ._ ...... ,.... I ba'N .,- leU• ot ~ • _. ae&e with •pee1.al r...,., the' ,_ uk \ba' U lie ....._ u .,_ r ..•&JMU.. u a.,.._,.u.. .r 0.. 11111 , ...... - the 1.,.. , .... U1 C--'"" • PeUUoal llefQ&- h.- O e~ 'If .... AuUS.a, aD4 e.J..e Ule I'NlpaU• el R-.n ~- reu .. ,._ al'-'-· 1a n- .r .,_ .uh, 1 _, releaM JVD• taa• •p 1 .. M wlUl ..,.., rel•~· • 1 tbiiY ,_ -...... , r ....- w 11e ...u- n.. wtUl the ...ulk wbleh ...... Mh!MM, ... a. leu' .r wbl...... ~ ide u1•'- ~ • erswaaU• ot \l\11'\7 aaueu t• -.. »=»••• .r ..,uns wt~ wa '"&1• a1-.u-. ~ 1••'• ...... , ..utt .. w the ta1~• er ,_ -~~ 111 ~. t1e14 _. 1 • YePJ .- , ..., tbe _,1D_. lat-a\ wh1oh 7- a •r 1 • '"'J J& '•• wlU nlta. !Ia•• eon\lllld..lls re- 1 a- Ulat I aba1l ._t1D• \o ba•• the 'beaet1t •t J'OIII' help - other ..u .... Uld - •eq-UJ I .a-11 h&Ye the opparWnitJ te tab ,_ •• aal r... U. \o U.. WlUl - •-..r4a, I - lila- ••:a. .,... c. ~e;rler, ~ '.r ''-'-• ·~D. G. ~ · DEPARTME NT OF STATE WASH INGTON !Jay 25 ' 1944 Dear Mr . President: -· In June or 19JB you asked me to eo t 11i th you i n creat ing end setting up the Intergovernmental Committee on Pol itical Refugees fro~ Carmany end Austria . This Committee was formalized on a permanent basis end en office set up in London , the member ship consisting of t hirty nations repre sented by their Ambassadors a nd l.lin:lster s . Its official staff consists of a British chair man, f ive vice- chairman, includi ng myself as Acericen ~e presentat i v e and the Ambassadors of four other principal countries; a director, e. vica- di1·ecto1·, and a modest secretaria t . ~ubsequently the Hi gh Commiss i oner f or rlefugees, League of Nations, ::;ir Herbert Emerson, w"s persuaded to a l so be come the uirector of t he J.ntercovernmentel t;ommittee , t hus consolidating efforts in the refugee field . ~tric k ~l in (American J is Vice uireotor . ·1·he scope of the J.ntergovern mentel ~otrmittee • s activities was last year extended t o ap ply to all r efugees, a nd no longer restricted to Uerman Austrian refugees. :,jome months ego you orested the 'd.. r rlefugee l:loard , upon whi ch i nitial uncertainties appeared a s to the reletionahip between t he i ntergovernmental ~;o.rumittee end tbe 1/er Hetugee - 2 - ~oard . ! suggested that ~ir Herbert ~arson, the uireotor, oome to t .1i0 country to conter with Secret•ry !..orgentnau, lli. Penle, and myaelt. •'hat wae done , and ca>plete agreement waa rMO<•ed. 't'he t>'IO croupa no•v find th8J:>ae1Yee in perfect her.:ony. lCopy ot letters from ~ir P.erbert Emerson and~ . ~ehle are etteohad.) It is no\i intended at a neetinl! of the Intergovern mental Committee to be held in London in June to further adjust these relutionships end to create an sxecutive Cocmittee. !t ia also pro.oaed that the rxeoutive com mittee suall be c~posed or representative Acbassadora or ~inistera , !t bee been my practice in the past, re~rd ing tho 1ntorusl meetings which the vice-chairmen have held when I was absent from London, to reque~t the Americun Ambassador in London to represent this country in my stead. 'i'his plan boa been successful, L thinlc th&t the field 1a so adequately covered by the arra~e1 ents wnich hAve been rade OJld by the a:oditice tion of the by-le,,s ot the Inter governmental co~ttee as proposed, thAt it is no looser essential tor me to continue oa the American representative or the !ntergovernttantal uommtttoe or as a vice- chairmen. You •ere eood enough to appoint .iobert T. Pall as my alter~te last $all, when you requested me by letter to continue 1n tbia ~~ittee . Some time ego ~. Pell tendered hie resignation, and has been assigned to other duties in London . - J - I appreciate very much your intention ot conferring upon me an honor, ontaili ns a certain amount of oftort and responsibility, which .1. have undertaken to disoh.8rge conscientiously. !'his l etter, acoa::1panied by 1lr. Pell ' a cel:lorand\11:1 to me, cay t.1eretore be considered our resi..na tions. Ly interest i n this subject has not ceased, and without official connection .1. sh.ull nlwuys be willing to assist in o.ny ~:ny .1. can. Sincerely yours, c 0 p y THE SENAT! Canada OTTAWA, Canada April 27 19L4 Myron T~ylor, Esq. , 16 East 70th St., How York. Ny dear Wyron, Your very kind latter of April lLtb reaebod ao before I loft Now York and ao I was unable to roply at onco. I t is cood of you to offor your congratulations, but the path to successful discussions was prepared by yourself, and when any difficulties aroao you wore prompt in romovins thea. I am very glad that you took action when you did , for thoro is no doubt that if things had boon allowed to drift, the usefulness and •v•n the exiatenoe ot t he Inter-Oovern asntal Coamittoo would have boon joopardizod. Aa 1t io, we have been able to reach cooplete agreoaent with the War Rotucoo Board to eatablisb tho position and standins or tbe I.G.C. and I bolioYo sreatly to 1ncroaso tbe potential and actual usefulness of both bodies. Once tbo ataosphere of suapicion and misunderstanding waa dispelled, it was easy to como to an understanding with tho War Refugee Board and I aoe no reason why our relations should not continuo to be cordial. Nalin was a groat help. In fact , you made an ex oollont choice when you selected hia for tho appointaent of Vice-Director, and &I you will have seen, he and I worked tocotbor in tho closest teras. I roached Ottawa yoetorday aornin& and spent tho r est of the day in seeing tho relevant officials of the Doa1nioo Government and in tal king ovor matters with Senator Cairine Wi leon who has taken a koon and proritable interest in refugee mnttera . I am finiah1ng my t~lko in Ottawa today and go on to Montreal tomorrow where I shall see s ome of tho loading vol untary workers. I bavo fallon in love with Canada itself and wish I were tort7 7ears younoerl A&ain , my waraeat thanks both for tho support and for tho help you gave in what would otborwiao have been a very diffi cult eituation, and also for your ireat kindnose and hospitality to •• personally. I will let you know of dovolopaenta in En~lan d but I do not anticipate any difficulty tharo. With ay waraoat ro1ards to Kra. Myron and youraelf, Your• sincerely, (Sd) H. W. EMERSON. EXICU~IVZ OfFICE OF THB PRISIDENT WAR R!fUGZB BOARD WASHINGTON, D. C. Oftice of the Executive Director April 24 1944 Dear Mr. Taylort Now tbat Sir Herbert Baorson bao loft Wasbtngtoo a fter • aerleo or dleeussiona doullng wl tb relati on• botwooo tbe Intor-Qoveromental Comaittee and tbo War Ref uaee Board, I want to e xpreaa ay personal ~banta to you for originating aad iaploaontia& tho idea that Sir Herbert and I ret together on our ooamon probleaa. Aa you know, tho diecuesions ware moat harmonious, complete ag ree~ent waa reached as to tbe relations botweon toe ~ w o a gencies, and definite stepa were t a ken to push forward spociflc plans. Thanks tor the assistance. With poreoonl regard• , (Signed) 1. w. PERLE Exec utive Director. Mr. Myron C. Taylor, Aaerican Ropreaentative, I nter-Governmental Committee, Roo• 220, Oapartaent or State. DEPARTMENT OF' STATE WASHINGTON June 3 , 1944 011 Kay 29, 1114' 'J'OU ret'el'1'ed to me lllr. .ll:yr011 Tatlor'e letter ot' reeignation ae Repreeentative ot' the united Statee on the Intergovernmental Committee an Political Retugeee. You requested a drat't answer. Such a drat't 1e attaob8d. It aooepte Mr. Taylor'• reeigna tion, with great regret. At the same time you ret'erred to me Mr. Taylor'• me.,randua which expreaeed h1a hope that a permanant Board ot Director• would ehortly be t'ound tor the Italian relief operat1011, and reoo11111entUng that the Red Croee be brought 1n at once ae an adainietrat1ve arm ot the URRRA. Attached, a a_,randa 1n anewer to l(r. Taylor'• IUIIOrandua. We are canvaee1ng with~ and tbe Red Croee the poee1bU1tiee ot Jllr. Taylor'• euggeet1an. We wUl ehortly report on tbe eubjeot. Enoloeureaa 1. Drat't letter to Ill'. Taylor. 2. ...,randla to :Mr. Taylor. , . THE WH I TE H O U SE W ASHINGTON MDORANDUII J'OR 'l'H&: S!:ORE'l'ARY or B'l'A'l'l J'OR PJU:PARA'l'IOJ or KIPLY J'OR MY IIGNA'l'URI, r. D. J\, Letter from lion . Myron 0 . Teylor, 'i/'?~/41. , to t he Pre ~iden t , tenderi.ng his resignation e.a Amer i can repre•entati.ve ~JXJ< oxa and aR a vl ce chairman of the Tntergovernmen ta 1 Com111l ttee on PoHtical Ref\1gees f r om Germany and An'ltri a . Enclo'les vttr1.ous ;l&!lers in re work of t he Coll1llltttee and refers to a memorandum which he recetved from Yr. ~. !'ell, which is to be con~idered Mr . Pell' s rttsignetlon ~rom t~o Oo~itt.ee . There does not seem to be a memorund\Jm fr011 Mr . Pall. r • _.._c'!l,, I uYo JOUO ..._, ___.._ nla\111& \o the f1Yo u,.u., M . _ •'\7• UKwo tult1111Dc tho ••r or the ,...,.U'J \l'ut- 81\4 peJ'Id'tlJl& VleiJ' :t'Oilir~• • the lled Oroee llhCNl.d. taeldo ~• Job at oneo, u an •..,ru..u.u ..... -' 1JJIBIIA, 1D n .. ot tho faa' \ba' 1JliRRA baa .. 41rooth'o \o dhtribu'• roUot ill ItalJ'o I • u111na the atato Do,.,..._, to ao lllto Vlio •ttor witla ~ Rod OJ'ooo aDII tho I'OJII'OOODtatiY.. Of UlfRRI.o Buecl • tbe I'NUl.t ot that ~. I w1U .-o1MI' .,_ .....u. tlba' a 41.... , 1.u.,...u. 11o si•• to tho ld.UtU7o j DEPARTME NT OF' STATE WASHINGTON lm..OaAliDtr..; ~'OR T"tiB PRESIDE!JT FROl: !.IYRON TA YLO!t: It is generally asserted t hat relief of the civilian popu has l a tion of Alli~d-occupied I taly is inadequate , and t nis given rise to much disappointment and criticism among the people . As the occupation progresses to R~ and beyond , t hat condition will probably grow in seriousness e nd urgency. In a vmy , t he conduct of t he Allies in Italy forms a pattern ot the expected in other countries when occupi ed . Up to t his time t he only substantial relief t hat has been afforded has been through end by t he armies ot invasion. This has been natural and essential- - but it may well have been inadequate. At your reported instance, The President's ',lar Relief Con trol Board recently persuaded me to act as temporary chail'l!ISn ot a group of f i ve Trustees for Italian relief , Messrs, Arturo Toscan1n1, Angelo Patri, John ~ . Killdring and Don Aceche . Si nce undertaking the task we have organi zed it in corporation form, selected a capable Executive Vice President, Judge Juvenal Ullrohisio ot the Domest ic deletions Court ot New York .::ity, and expl ored the field with a vi ew to making of i t a permanent or ganization representative ot the Italian community. There are more cross currents of Itali an political feeling, - 2 - / of personal ha~reds end narrow prejudices ~nan in any s roup I have ever hhd to deal wi~h . I hope very shortly h~Never to find a nercanent Board of Directors representa tive of the Italian community , thus fulfilling the duty of the t emporury '!'rustees and permitting t !.leir retirement. '!'he I ntergover mnental ColllJllittee on Political Hefusees hes had a representative in Italy who has reported on conditions there . A copy of that report is hereto attached. In our investigations ot the Italian situation in order to predicate our action upon realities we discovered that: 1. The A~ did not encour~ge present action by private organizations. 2 . Toe Ar;ey indicated that no shi pping space was available tor supplies. ) • The National 1'/nr Fund Inc . forbade a oamp&.ign for funds, which the Italian colll!lluni ty was urgently proposing. 4 . There was some doubt about encouraging a drive · in the communities for used clotbins sod other relief materi als. It thus appear ed that the scope within which Al:lerican He lief t or I~a l y I nc . could act was very ltcited. Subs e quen~ efforts however have enlarged the field. The Na tional '.far Fund Inc. appear s to be prepared to release, a aoder ate acouot ot f unds. \7e have applied e.s a first relief budget tor abou t Jl,600, 000. The Ar my has i ndioatod thAt some shippins 3paoe may be found. 'l'he President ' a \'lar Relief Control Boa rd and the National Her Fund I nc . have now consented tho t a drive for used clothing and other materials can be undertaken, and this i s already under "1lY . , - 3 - 'l'he distribution of supplies in Italy will bo ll'.llde under the control of tne Army but principel ~ y by the ilur Helief Ser vices of the Notional Catholic ,/elfe.re Conference thr ough its Church ortoni zet ions in the area in question. -onsi£nor Carroll (~erican) has established an orfice in l~ples , to supervise relief a ctivitie3 by the Church . ·•'he ,v.eker s also have sought opportunity to participate . All of those agencies howover ore inadequately euppl i od f or present and certainly for t he future needs of the population, particularly as the ar se ot occupation expands . Uni ted Nations t!eliet tr.nd ..ehe bilitation Adninistration at present : a . have no funds. b , Have no directive permittinr t he distribution of relief in Ital y es en enemy count r y , or now es a co- belligerent, or ultimately if it be come s en Ally. uNl All of the preble~ ot relief, refugees and ~~~t i on e re necess~rily so intimately re l ~ t ed ~r.nd interwoven thut several agencies acting separately are bound to create conflict, dupli cation and wnste. UlfthlA has boon chartered on a United l,utions basis, to finance end work i n the f ield . I asswne tha t re habilitation 1118ans more the rehebilit..; tion of men , 11cwen and children tl~n it does the rebuildi ng of plants and other proper ties, which it undertaken v1ould run into vest figures and an unpredictable length of time. mr.~~ bas no adequate di stribu ting organization, pest experience, or steff to conduct the proposed activities on the scale which will result before e nd \ at the te:rmina tion or the 1'1* r . ···nere is J.owever an organ1zat1on, toe . end 1ntern~.ot1onal, whic1 hus all of tnese racil1tieo in a de veloped state, and I have always believed it should be a medi\llll for the administration ot relief, For example, at'ter the lest war , the An:e1·ican tied Cross assisted in build ina up the Italian !led 01·osa , and I believe the today it could re construct the Italiftn rled Cross as one of the distributing ar.as of UNRHA in that Country, Ito of course would work with t he Church, wllich is vitally important in I taly, and t t roueb other organizations b.o.vint:' facilities and personnel tuat would be useful, Thi s memorandum is intended to bring to a focus tho prob l em of relief, rahnb1litut1on, retueees end migr ation, I am sure that private oontr1out1ons in the Unit ed States t hroush the !{etional \/ar Fund Inc. osn never be adequate for suoh needs as now begin to appeur, and th11 t what is needed in t aiS as in many other fields is not coordination but consolidation ot ell relief into a sinele agency - UN. THE WHITE HOUS E WASHINGTON June '• 1~. MEMORANDtn( FOR 'li)JI. E. R. 8'l'r.fti KI U8 , JR. ACTING SECRETARY or 8~ATE: What 4o rou think ot Npton taylor leaYlng aa aoon ae poaalble t o go to tbe Yatloan' 1 think M alght be n17 uaetul there. 1 !lope bl 11 well enough to do s.t. ' r.D.R. f I · / I _ecu .. - otW~-,... I f THC . l((.lti:UI"'I' CW IT"' l'C I • '. DEPARTMENT OF STATE WASHINGTON June 12, 1944 !.:y dear Miss ·ruuy : .1111 you be eood enough to place the e ttaolled in tile bends of the President end greutly oo11ge Yours sincerely, !.:yr on C. Ta y1or !:iss Cruce Tully, The 1'/h i te House, ·:;ashi ngton, D. c. DEPARTMENT OF STATE WASH I NGTON June 12 , 1944 Dear ~r . President : Attached hereto are th& composite e~~ps showi ng t he disput.ed terri tor ial areas both in .europa and in t he ~cific, with brief explanatory memoranda which I am sure you will find or creet interest. Dr . Pasvolsky of t he State Depbrtroent can, at your rec:uest , at any time provide you vlitll 11 fuller explana tion of any of these me tters should you care to call upon hi m. Aeain with best greetings and regards, believe me Sincerely yours, ~~ l..yron c . Taylor Enclosure : As s t bt.ed . The President , The nhite house. :. 3 oecLA.Ssn;omo 1\l!D St•te l)cpl l~uer, 1·11·Tl J'/,,(~()J! :,L ~> J . >! D!:''All'1W!ll'l' or ~ 'l'A'l'"..: D1Yial on or Political Studl a e The aooaap&AJ1Ag map 1D41oatoo tho rollowina probl.. uoeaa or hl' &aat, nuabe1"04 oorroapond1aci71 l'orel&A P!!l!!!tl ona !Jl Cl!ioa 1. RODCkOJI& (BrUhA) 2 . U&oau ( P!!rtUGU••• ) roraip L!a!!l!olh !!! E!!.!a!. 1. Jtowloon laaaad t arritor7 (Britiab) ). IWanBObowan (J)oenob) lonisa Ooooeat1ona in Obina 4. Pai p1D6 (1osation quart er , military rlsht a) s. Ti eottin (Br1t1ah , J'renob , I t alian, Japauaao) 6. Ah•nsh•S ( Int ernat i onal , lranoh) 7. Aw>7 ( Inhrnational) 11. Oantoo (Brithh, J'ranoh) 9. II&Aitow (J'ronoll, Japanaaa) .2!Ul. tort1a r'«h" !a~ 10. K&Ylaation r isht a on Tazagt• U. J'l'eQall IIIGoall1Aa-l'UA&A R&UW&7 DF~"LA,l:::~IPlel> au.. "'"' t ""'·'"·f EB 2 2 1972 a,. J. &Uuble O.t•- ~------~------~=- ·· ------• - 2 - !ftqo.tuar1a Pre4oa1Aantly China.. pop~o\ion , bu~ w1~h sora ll:lnaoh ~ lin i n Outer lfiHI&Olia, 'l'lul tu~ur• po11\1eal a\e\Qa or the Japan••• pQPpe ~ a~ato , and \be tu\ure \r&n~ponational oriankt1on or aor~horn Mulohuria, are Y01'7 unoor\&in, 2S ,.ara12. tCiua~'"' a' Illl"89"1.~ ,-.rruorl- IA&ae !&Icon71ret on loar b7.. dJa rpanor and 1&~or ex\on414 to 99 :r•ar• rroa original 4&tol 1.o. , !o 1997. 1). ll!tUA !!rn•W1& RaUm J!!S!. - Speo1&1 rigll\a - h&l4 b.,.,..-p&ll.... u. ~~- 'l'bia proYinH h in a &r1!1o&l polition bo\Wean O.blii&,"1olanahur1a, and ID.nar Vonaol1a. Or1&1nal1:r par\ ot Iiulor MDnaoli& IN! at .PHa&nt inoorpora~od in Japane .. "MII.Dohllkllo", lte r u!ure a~a\ua and relatiooahlpe aon~\1tuto a problem, lS. - I t le raported \hat 1111re ooourrod on \hie llou4&1'7 bo\non 19)) and 19)7. Al !hough defined by troa!ioe bo\Weon ChiAI and 'Ruaaia, thoro are a tow dollbt ~ pointe. 'l'llo -Jor probl• 1a one ot Sorto\ - .Tapanuo n1at1o08111pe. 'l'broa ot the "1noi4ent" poi nt s are ahWI1 on tho -P· 16. l!!l! - Serioue Japanoee- Ruulan e1aehu TiiT9)8. BoWidary unoertaio, poe&lbly an un--17 narrow oorrldor between Korea &n4 \ha 8oYiot MF1t1.Jie proYin... 18. ~ As. ~ ~ - '1'wo l oo&lUiee in par ti~ar, ~iii"~. Uuuri oontluenoo an4 aou!h ot Slaaoneohonu. - Alt hough it ... b&4 .... ot lloun4&r;r,"~--· br Japee•M "llluo!IU110" 0114 \lie eour Uonaolia ""~ .~, -..la lin on llo\11 a14&e ot tile tron!ior, and 1t 11 pe\onU&U;r \rOIIble- 1 ..poei&Uy it China were to ro pJ.a * eablll'i& and not eo\or *naolia. Bo1111clar;r 1no14enta Uft OIIUI'.. oapod&llJ &\ ( 20 . ~ • • - ) - ao. !!11. !l. Otprh 11 !'ill!& - 21. .I.!U. .l!.!!1l: - oYer • ur a.nd t 1 ah1llc r i&b h - ...._.lll&lr:~ ~au or lako, 0\lhr l:oqolla part or u. 22. JJo.oab'P - ngu Noyol1a 'l'bh r o&ion , now oomprh1n& 111nsda, u\11)'\IU a nd Oballar (ror.erly alao lobol), i l laraoly Cbine1o in pop\ll&Uon, with M.QJ l!oaaola adopt 1n& tho OhiaoH la.Afl'laao. MDn,col1u nat1o.aal1u baa boon roat.ero4 durin& lap&J~eao oooupe.t1oa. 'f'ho r 11turo u o~.~~aport.at.lonal orlaa.\a U on pJ"ObablJ wUl lie \~~warda Cli1Aa. CllaA&r proYi.noe 0011- taiaa a .odorat.olJ-alao4 4opoait or eood-ara4o i ron oro, wblob nan lie 81'\aUod wltll 1'1orth Ohlna oort.na ooo.l. 2). Jloi!Adarf J!f'•••~ tqner and Aaotbor do tao\11 ropublh uador atrona SoYic t ln tluoraoo. A IIOWit.o.ira-&Ut area o r nortbward-t'lowiaa a tro-•, w1tb a n~t1Yo po~ulot1on or TUrk1·a~ak1ng ~n4011. Thoro ia o poaalblllty or ololaa by Ob 1na or 0\lt or Nonaol11. llowtd&rlla appe.raraUy now atalll•. cJl aJ51•ns a voaa Sortot lntluonoo, tboU&)I thl &OYerllOr 1a Cl:alaoH. Br1tlob latluenoo 1n ox~ aoutll. l.lo"--odan roa1on Mtwoon two l.lu:la Bud4b1at arou, 0\lt ar •o~l 1 a u4 Tibet. OuaYOA ro11toa batwoan nortbwaotarn Ob lna and t bo V. B.S.R., tho iarortnnoa baing lnoraaaod by the Turkoill ra1lroa4. 2~ . '1Pk 1'R' · I • - 4 - 24. ~lttt "e!Fo - A Bi.aklanc olaJ.a tor \he J:olr:oabliTliOiii' aa liienot the K:uu LilA Ranae, whieb 110\&ld e%Mnd i.aklanc 5o &he eou5h a 5 \he u;pe nH ot '1'1ltt5. 2S. ~-~ boee · Clalaa onrlap betw.. o the Tar~ iii'if""lba ar oraa Rail&•. ftbt! Pr&oUoall7 1n4apencleot, w.ltll etrong Brithb 1n1'luaooa, but CIII.1.Da .b.ae neYor ral1oqubhe4 .1 ta olaU.e and tbeH are aot den.lad b7 ou,el 29. Spill - )0. lt,•htb r - )l. Upnr l!b£1 - )2. Uppv Aleo" - ,.. ll=t~!!f~lJmfKf- 'lbo llo\IAdar, 1• --~~-' I&Uar\ain,- Dtuabl 'falle7 0 whlob b a trade - • -' - • \rata ro~•· -·---·4flbe t aao Ia41a. )5, tan-~-~ onriepl!ll! ala'•• - AA aroa or v 1plo iiiilai>~oi'ilii, a\ ••""' ..,. or lb~taa . )6, tnn-.Ialll!. &o W, J:!Jl 2( !lln&\y - A loq avl p or oiii!apPIAI'aiilii. )7 • ~-l!!ln!!!l elan ly ola!ae - AAot hor aroa or \rlj'I'e"oiirli"p'jjiiijla~ . ~ hraoao u\1o11Al1• 1a 1Aoroaa1AC ud llw'lla _, -·-• .,..,. *CIJ'aaoin 1a :roapoo• &o l•• -.udarlea, loj,, ft ~!£!!. - '!'llo liou4&1'7 hura waa not ••plotoli4o1 li1.9)7 anO appa:ro4ll7 •• not r111&ll7 oattl o4 )elora \be lapaaooo 1nTDa1oo . Coa»}1oato0 _, alao~ 4laaoYcr1oo, 4J, ll!lnll-nm::• ft'f'•g - !lion oro ooaa14o.N~• a.u.r or 'l'liir-'apo paop • aur-. '!h&U&J14 •- \o J • • - 6 - ~ repri \~o .....,..•• • • ~dUl ollU oneaioa, IIan ne loa\ \ onl\ol'J \0 \be lr:1Q&cloa ot BIIJ'a& ( bo1'Dl'a toha llr1Uah .... h\0 lh&na). There a.ro - apeolt1o 'llowulAI'J pro~ .... 4>6. D!!. !:!!!A ll\a!!! - 'l'hd-apoalc1na, but in Bll.nla. 1,8. '~'fr£:aM4IJU"1 • Vil - La.r&o 'l'hal-apnlr:1n& popula\lon • onaa:r"'"'l'lii'f uapona. 4>9. ~ XE'h1f - A ava\a&le area, w1!h pou1111lltt.. ot a Mll&l"Wiilo wo 4 ro411oe \be 1apor\aAoo ot 111Q&apo llrl\h re. h hrrl\orlaa o t Blll'ma and llalaya are oaparat a4 b7 the Tb&l poaHNion or \hie la\boNa. Tltare are 'l'ha1 , or ralato4 , pooploa in all the border in& o\a\aa oHp\ llalo,7a. A avooa ll'l"'danUa\ 1'aol1Q& ,.-oftlla 1ll '!'b&Uand, oa,..1all7 ap11la\ !ho J'l'onoll. ~1 . - Tbo toraor extant or the 1167 111 rrenoh aa\hlUoa. ••J~Mial..l 7 d o,au·oa 111 Tba1 (and aoqllil'o4 w1!h lapu.. o u.n••.. • •• 11lol iiM ~2. .1.!2a-won or t ho lfolcona and DIYQII Il!1!9C!lfDIA Title ooaprla .. tift pollUaal onU\loa: 'l'onltln Laoa , Annaa, Ceabo4la aad C..olllnallina. Poaolbl7 .oro \baa 0110 "aallooall-" will - I"P t wl\lt. '"n·eee• """· par bapl the eo•\ Al\UII&A tho botaa4Al'J wl!h Obina baa boo11 ddiaUo4, 1\ La poaalbl o \bat Cll lna aip\ ron To olaiao t o tho ....uvrt part ('l'olllt11l ) . ~m" ' fta u cl :rvbbor oon \or. 'l'oA4aA07 \0 OXJ)Illlcl northw.rd at 'ho • - 7 - ~he·~"" of 'nlallud. LUw• J'Dpoo, wHb CJ'DD\ J'D.OUJ'Ha, ftl'iaUoA 1a 80&1\ve ud wi\b CJ'DD\ ud poplllaUoA daAal\7, Ra\1onal1• 1e a\J'onpn 1a len DAd .t.llldi&J'e lrl\1811 , Pon~~~~~e •• 'rt.ol' DAd \he eo1on1.. 1a loi'IIDo -.:t be atf.. \Dd ef auha OJ' o\bOJ' 117 u7 e banp denlopaen\e 1D \ba lletbal'laah IA41aa, SJ, hHA l.l.l..!laU- tba 1198 \1'.. ,, 8 paia DAd ~, of peua be\weaa .. det1a.. \he .OJ'\MJ'a Ual\ ol \lla ftlllppl.aea "aloq OJ' ...,. \ba 20\ b J)Q'allel , , , aad \IIJ'OIICII \ lie a14Ua of \be uYicDlll• ...... \be ellaaMl of IIDDlll" , a.aL\ ehenMl 1e 1a DppJ'Od-MlJ le\1\114e. lolla lluH" 21• )0'~ ...,.. ono\e 1a 1199 \lla\ \lie Dali1 ..1\J wae dUD \0 \be fAD\ \liD\ "the - • • or \be PbU1pp1o .. ha.oainc 1n \he eoo allltaUoo - of \liD "-DI'ieaa a-lu1ooeJ'a u\ad tDJ' -IICII 4U oot _.ll \o .- \he J'ala\1oo of DJ'ell1pelD&O \o \lla \ba JODHaalooa or lapaa, DOl' 414 \ba7 11" \ba """'•• ot DD7 aliDAAala OJ' 1a \lla .. llOJ'\Il of \ba "'lll1pp1D.. .,.....,. JIAI" or uaa uU!pelD&O, • 'rba 0111\ed 'l\8\aa a4a1\a oo tjuaUoa t.ha\ \lla llo,..clDJ')' 1e 1.D Ula ID.abi Cbaaaal, theM ua a _..,. of aall lalanh and Meta 1D llo11\b Cllliu Sea, wlooaa aoYanl&o \lla ,.,...ell, \7 1e oo\ MI'Mio, Cllliaua , 11'1Uell, lapaDaaa, ...~ pv llapa a&ia\, AaOJ'ioan olaiaa 'l'ha pl'in aipal IJ'OUpa OJ' 1al... 4a &J'al J6, 1alaa4a Mtleyp Ou\0, • -.- - Ooatl1e\1oa elalaa,., ot lfe!~~o llf lapaa l.a 19)1. f AI'AQ!!Z IPI"II!I n. - 41av1o\ wllloll 1e look llhOW8 lt71o, OOO XOJ'MU .PQ)IIU&.lLOD Of 6)7·0 000) o 60, kiln!. (9112H!!.) - Jlf t llo 'l?aa\J ot ,.,.,_utll, 190S, -UP~ lapaa'o pa.ruout poUUoal, lllllkZJ, aac aaoocaJ.o 1At-•~• in ltoraa, an.1 • ol.a.Uar proYblon •• lllaorpora \104 ill \.1\a .lJI&lo-l&))&llaaa &l.Uanoa \ be • ..,. ;roar. lopan uqu1ra4 oon\rol ot Jrorean toral &a rela \1oaa ac4 a lap&noao raa1dant-aonara1 waa a ppola\... 'l'b!a llai\104 protan1oa raM1Y.. wider powara l.a 1907 u4 1A 1910 lapaa tw •l!J u-d J:oraa. fte area ot JrorM h 16 228 aq_,.. .Uaa, an4 til& fOp&l.aUoo, 1a 191o0 , ••• 21o , ;i6,)27, Ill 19)7 ~,.. ...,.. 6)0 , 000 lap&n.. a 1A ll:oraa, ~~~~~-~!ho~:,.;ao:;u\bci'D por\loR ot ~ !li liJ lluala \o Ia naa 1a Uaa ot u w--• '' taUowha ~ lluoo- lap&M.. _,., fte popl&laUoo, wUab 1a &l.aon ntlralJ' . 1 l n 1a a lap&noaot waa lollo1'?1 1A 191oQ . Sov\llan ...... oovoo or ao&l. , \J.aDor and tlall. 62, - lap&MM \ 1\lo \o ~•• 1alacdo, wlllab aro o\roMcla Y&l.u, waa daMrala.. 1a a ...... uoa ot 187S, 1A wlllu .._la ...,._.. \o wl\ll v.. 1a ,..,... tOtr , ...... wl\bu.-1 r- !loll..... tekl!eUa, !laa , _, popllla\loa ot 17, SOO , wblu 1a NUrelJ' l&l"ll080 1a OOIIOOA\1'0\.. Oil \.1\a \brM aou\llal'll• 1 1a&ua\I'J', _ , lalada, 71~1 \ba o&l.;r alplthaat V... r- 20, 000 \o :w,ooo l&l'*'MM \o \.he 1a1ach durin& \loa •-r ..,. ,ba, PitHrltt • - 9 - ~. - ~ r1 ean 41e&oYer, &nd ol&im 1A 1119. &Ad ol&ia 1A 1198. U, 11, .onnlp\7 ut &l&lleeq-\17 ae&&ne4, 'l'here h a a111\ar:r a1rtlel4 OA the lalalld ot llaH\uo, 65. lapp'£ * p4atJ! hl•p4a - In 1914, &ttier JulY1D.& 4ealue4 war oa r.&J17, &p&A O&OilJ!1&4 all Oai'II&JI 1Ao1an4e 1A Ule Paa1th aor\ll ot the eq~&&\or , 'l'he PrlAolpal All1e4 u4 Aeaoab\&4 l'oweJ"e , 1J1&11l41na Ule UA1te4 Stat ae, \lu'oll&h \heir repJ'a&aaU.UYee at & ••t ina 011 .11&7 7 , 1919, Y0\&4 \o eoJ>ter on Japan & 01&114&\e tor the ~Oenl&n 1&lu4e nonh ot \be aqll&\or • , 'I'IUa waa a prellalll&r7 and ooJ>dl tlonal •~aut, e1Aoe llhe Tl'M\7 ot Tua&ill•• ball J>ot 'bea11 alp&& ud tba l'Z'1Ao1pal All1&4 &Ad Aa.oolatad Po-re were ao\ 111 p oeaee elo11 ot Oer.&nJ' • "r1&bta &lld t1t1ee•. Later, at\er \be Ue&\7 bad 'been &1&11&4 (J'wae 28, 1919) &Ad the llli\&4 Sta tea bad ratuaa4 \o n U t7 1 t , \be l'Jolnolpal All1e4 Poware, w1\b01&\ the aouut ot \lle UA1ta4 statae, allooa\&4 \lle ae OaiW&Il 1al&llta ea • ol&u 0 a&Adetie \o l a p&A &114 011 De-ller 17, 1920, \he Oo1111oll ot \lle Leape ot • •tiona appJ'OY&d ud ooJ1t~4 \lle a&lldate obal'ter whioh Pl'e••1'11&4 the tiel'lU &Ad oondltlone on wb l oh l&pu abolllcl aot •• Melld&tor7. 'fM II&Adate4 Ialude ala'bu oYer 60o , an4 are eoat t ere4 over u area ex\endlAc 2 , ~ a llee eaet &114 wut ud 1,200 .11111ea nor\ll 11.114 801&\h , '1'ha poplllatl on 111 19)8 wu ~ , 993 natlY&e, 71,147 l&JI&ll&&e , &Ad 124 tore1para, '1'ha 1elu4e prod11oe ·~ · eoeoat& te, t1eh prodl&ote and phoep.Utae, Maft.l. • • - 10 - laftl u4 alllkr7 uUYUJ 1a 1o.. \H prlAelp&ll.J ., G&J.poua , ...... 'rap, 'b'lllt auu, l'ollape , haaio, lali&U, u4 \ o\Jo, I.aadllla tlolda aJid uolloN&u tor ...~. ud a ....taoo ...... 1a llaYO lle&A 4a\'Oloped at ...,. polJah \lll'ollliloll\ \lie fOUl' 1alu4 P'Oli.JOo 66, ~~ ) - r-M 1144 Ulo Peaao4oru _... Mde474.PU at Ulo oono11lalon or \llo 1!11Ao-lapouaoao -.. 1a 1195. 'l'lla total &1'0& la 1), 900 atMN a11oa, u4 \llo popoala\1on la (19/o.O) 6,077,1>71, ot wlaioll 2,5 pG'IIA\ &1'0 aMI'W..a, 6 pG'MII\ l&p&OOM , ud 91.5 pei'MII\ ,_... z.,...... ror.oaa produooo 10 P4'1'M11\ or lapaa•a aaau roqllii'Maata, and 7 perooot ot l\a rioo roqllil'-oh. A lapuoao aa\'al lleao 1a looa\ed 1A Ulo Pea....,ru, &A4 Uloro aro n-r oua alll \ai'J ail't1&14a 1a rw.oaa. Cll1aa n }lona \o roooYOr ror.oaa • ' \110 • •• or \llo ...... 'ftw ialla'llltu\a or Ulo Lluall.lu Iala.n4a, wiUoll •-""• 7JO,Zio0 1a 19/o.O , apMk • 1~ wllioll 41ttora tJ'OA z.,...... &!loll\ u llllOil •• .Por\queao dooa troa Spaalall. 'l'llrcn!Cb o4oaMtion, oonaorh\lon 1144 • oloaol)' a..,.rriaM ~a\ea or looal 110\'0n.ollt,_ \1107 haft M OOil aiciU' \bM- - u 1&\0CJ'&l part ot tile lap&Doao laoplro. fto pr1ao1pal oo.. ,po U oll 1a acrleuUoaro. !hero aro • aaftl 'baM &ll4 anohor&&o , and aonral ail't1a1.. 1a \llo 1a1an4a. ...,., ~' ~ ...... ,.. r TERRITOR IAL AND BOUNDARY PROBLEMS IN TH E FAR EAST 0 IC IF I G -- / / / / ? / / \/,/ / ....--- 0 SCALE 1•32,000,000 • ·- -...... t ) . au; ee T-492 (Appendix to T-491) June 6, 1944 AJ'P£1WIX l (to l'\IC-219) TERRITORIAL DISPUTES Il; EUROPE: CLASSIFIED ACCORDif'G TO Tffi: I'RI:SENT POLITICAL STATUS OF 'l'!lE COl'TESTANTS (St:£ lW' 4, £UROP£Atl SERIES) The disputed territories are listed below according to the status (Allied or Enemy) or the clatoant states. Of t he claimant states, fiven in brackets, the first named is in every case the state which held the territory in ques tion on January l, 1938. The numbers tiven i n parentheses refer to Appendix II and to Hap 4, European Series. I. Territories 1n D1upute Between ~ Allied States Eastern Po~nd between the Curzon L1ne and the Riga Line (lll LPoland and the Soviet Un iont7 Teschen (33) LCzechoelovakia and Polang? II, ~Territories Clalged ~ Ali1ed· SJntea • Petsamo (1) LPinland and the Soviet Union/ Balla sector, Y.areli~ Hanko Peninsula, Gulf or Finland Islands (2) LFlnlsnd and the Soviet Union) East Prussia_ (6) LO:eroany, Poland and possibl·• the Soviet Union/ Germ~Terr1tory East or the Oder (g) L1ierman~t Ftnd Pola~ German Upper S1lea1a .(10) LO:ermany and Pol~nV North~n Bukovina (13) LRunania and the Soviet Uniojl/ Besearabia (14) LRuman1a and the Soviet Union7 Dodecaneae (20) Lltaly, Greece and poae1bl~• Turke:il S~otor ot Southern B~lgaria AdJacen~ ~o Greece (lS) LBulgaria and GreecJV f) · -~~ ...ftet, l·lt.'72 ., J.-.- o...- FF:B ! 2 1972 I I • -11- and >ene~1a G1ul1n, ~ortheastern Udine, Fiune1 Zara the Italian IslAnd~ 04 the Dalnatian Coaat (25 ) Lltaly and YugoslaviA( Raab Salient (29) LHungar~ and Yugoslavia7 I:I. Al l ted :err1tgr1ea Cla1pgd ~ ~ Stnsce P~1ish Territory A~exed by Geroanv 1n 1"~~ (8) LPolend and Gernanif Subcarpath1an Ruthen1a (12) LCtechosl~v~ia, ¥ungary anu possibly the Soviet Union/ ~ngarian-Ctechoelovak Fro~1er Zone (30) LCzeohoslovak1a and Hunger]/ 6udetenland (34)_LC~echoalovpkio, Gerceny and possibl~ Auatr~.a/ Yugoslav-Bulrarian Frontier Z~ne North or l~eeGonia (17) LYugoelavia and BulgariA( Yugoslav Haoedo.aia (24) liuf!'OGlavia, Bulgnrie and • possibly GreeeA/ Western Thras;e and Greek llacedonia (lP) LGreeee and BulgariA( Yugoslav-Hungarian Front1erJonc (28) LXugos1avin, Hunrary ar.d possibly Ruman! Eupen, jvalnedy, and l~resnet (35) LBel ~ 1un and Ger"an~ Luxembourp (36) LLuxembour~ and Germanil Alsnce Lorraine (37) Lfrance and Geroanil IV, Terrttg~tc• 1n Plepyto Brtyoeo lKQ ~ Stetee Traneylv~nia (15) [Rumania end Hunsaril Southern DobruJa (16) LRunan1a and Bu1gartal -iH- v. Dleputtl Inyoly1ng, AA Qnl ~~ Stqtee Ylthout Ragogn1&Cd Gpferngonto ~ Prpy1olgoe1 Gpvcrn1ng Authpr!t!ceAuetria, Albania, Estonia, La tvia, Lithuania! The Baltic States (3l LEetonia, Latvia, Lithuania ond the Soviet Union/ The Koeovo Region (23) LYugoeli\Via and A1.bnni47 Northern E~i r ua (Sout hern Albania) (21) LAlbnn1a 11nd Oroec.l/ Ial en~ of Saeeno (22) Lltalv nnd Alban~ C~echoelovak-Austr1an Pront~cr Zone (32) LCzeohoelovakla and Austria/ Klagenfurt Area (2?) LAuetria and Yugoslavia/ ( South Tyrol (28) Lital;t And Austria/ Burgenland (31 ) LAuetr1a .and Hungari/ • VI • &:.GAa Cl6 loed la IW:A lllall 1m 5 tHea , a.tl!i lhl P1enoc1,1on ~ ~ pcrpende Wl Larger Iorr1 toriol S11a1 o;;cota Vilna Dietrl-t (4) LPoland , Lithuania and the Soviet Unio.Q/ Memelland (5) LLithuon14, Geroany P~d possibly the Soviet Union and Polang/ DMz1g_,(?) LFree Cit:' of DanZig , Geroany o.nd Polo~ • TS: JOOampbell I • £662 •• T-493 (4ppond1x to T-491) June 6, 1944 .APPENDIX II !to PWC-219T EUROPE: BOUNDARY PROBLEMS . (to accompany Map 4, Europepn Series) ' The accomoany1ng mAP (European S er l e~, M•o 4) 1nd1cates the following disputed arePs ot Europe, numbered corres pondingly, 1. The Pstsamo D1strict.--This are• , which includes FinlP~d 1 e only Arctic aaacoaet, was a pPrt or Tsariet Rueeia until 191?, and woe acquired by Finland by the ( Treaty ot Tartu, October 1920, A portion or it, approxi- mat ely 155 square miles in area, including the voatern part or the Rybach1 Peninsula, vae ceded to Soviet Rueeia by the Treaty ot Moscow, ~arch 12, 1940. Kecently, in ite armistice proposals to Finland, the Soviet Union boa claimed •the Pstaamo district•, but the exact territory claimed ie not known, 2. The Sella Sector, Karelia, the Hanko Peninsula, and the Gulr or-Jlnland Ielande.--Tho-Balla sector wae a part-of iinlan.i rrom 1595 until its oeeeion to the Soviet Union by the Treaty ot • ; t(t -2- 1939. Noo rly 95 percent moved into Fi nlAnd Pft er the Trenty of koscow, Pnd over 300,000 hPve moved bAck i nto the aren sinoe 1941, In the d1eouted ar eA the oopulAt1on WAe approxim•tely 97,6 percent F1nn1eh-epeoklng, 1.3 per~ cent Swcdi sh- epeAk1ng, And 0 .9 percent Ruseian-epe• king. The ceded nnd leAsed nr c~e Ar e chiefly of e trotogie i~oor t Pneo to FinlAnd, Pnd Viiouri ie of speeinl eon t1 ment~ l elgnLficPnce to t he Fi nns. 3. Estonia, LPtViA ~nd L1thunniP, --Thoee republics proelA i ~ed their indooondcnee or RUa@iA i n 1918 POd secured it in 1920. Sy tro•tios or October 1939 the ir mtlitAr y • nd noVPl boeos w• re oeouo1ed by Soviet troooP , • nd by ultlm•t• of June 1940 they "' "r ~ required to insti tute no., govcrn ~c nte, Legi•l•tureR eubeequ ~ntly oloctPd undnr compl et e Soviet occuoet1on cst•bl1ehed t oviot eoci •li Pt r ooublicP •nd oetltionod for •dm1o•1on to the U. S.S.R., which w•s grPnted in August 1940. Th~ Soviet Go v ~ rnm nn t cl~ i ms these t hreo stPtee, oecuo1ed by Ge r ~• n y e \nce 1941 , •a cons tituent reoub1icf of the U.S .S. R. Estonle: Are•, 18 , 353 souare m11ee; ryaoul•t1on (eet. 1§39) , 1,134,000; Ethnic comoosltions: Eetoni• n~, 87,7~; RusP ions 8 . 2~; GermP~e , 1.7~; Swedes, 0.7~; Jews, 0 . 4 ~ ; other•, 1.3 ~ ; Latvia: Ares, 25,402 square m1lee; oooulat1on, 1 ,930,302. Ethni c comooei t lon : Latvians, 75.5~; Russians, 10 , 59~ ; Jews, 4.79p; Germans, 3.19~. Lithuania; Area, 22,959 square m1 lee ; oo ~ulet ion 2,879,070. ~ thni c comoce1tion: Li thuanians, eo.l~~ ; Jews, 7 .1 1~; Polee, 3 . 02~; Rue•i ans, 2 . 34~; Ger~P ne, 4,08~ ; 4, Vilna Distr1ct.--Vilna WPs disputed by Polend and Lithuenia after the first l.orld '.1ar. I t w• • seized by t he Pole s in 1920. Poland's sovereignty over it was recognized oy toe ~ ri ncioal Allied Powers and by the League of ~at1ons but not by Lithuania. In 1940 t he Soviet Un ion, h•ving occuoied the area uoon the collaPse of Poland, ceded it to Lithuania, but a !e~ mon th• later Lithuenia i tself wae 1n coroorated into the U.s.s.R. The Vilna di Ptriet ie nov c laimed by t he Soviet Union, by Poland, and by reoresent s tivee of the former Lithuanian government. 5 . iolemellMd If 1 -3- s. Me mellAnd.--The ~emel lPnd wee renounced by ~ermRny in the Treaty of VerPPillee, June 26, 1919. It wap nlPced under Lithusnian administrAtion by the conventi on Pigned on ¥.ay ?, 1924 by the Princioal Allied Povere and by Lithuanie on ¥-ey l?, 1924. It wpe ceded by LithuAnia to GermA ny on i.e.rch 22, 1939. It h ole1aed by GemJ>ny Rnd by r epresenta tives or the former Lithuanian govfrn~ent. It may AlPo be ola1red by the Soviet Union and by Pol~d. •·•emelland. had an area or 943 square mlles, And ,. total oonulation or 152,000. In 1925 tho ethnic-linguistic divi sion wee 44 percent German, 2? percent LithuPn1Bn, 8nd 25 percent "•.e!:!ell&nder•, Me'llel 18 the or1nciPal Baltic nort or L1thuen1a Pnd ie the outlet tor the i mportant Nie~en waterway system. In 1939 aoproximPtely three-fourths or Lithuenian forei gn commerce passed through this nort. Eeet Prussia.- -E&et Prussia remained under Oer~an 6 . or eovereign~AlthOuah obysically eeoarated rro"' the rest Ger~any, after the "Corridor• WPe transferred to Poland by the Troety or Voreaillee. Tho western and part or the southern boundaries of East Prueeia were fixed bv the PrincipPl Allied Pnd AePOCiated PowerP, August 16, 1920, following " nleblec1te in the Harienwerder and Allenpte1n dletriote, held in Accordance with the Tre~ty or Vore~illeP. Under the finAl eettlemont, PolPnd received • n~rrow ripariAn etrio •long the &Pet bPnk of tho Vietul•, varying in width from ,. fo•• teet to It half mile. - The erP• of EPet Prueeia under the 1920 bound•ries w•s 14,263 equare m1lee . According to the ceneue or !'•Y 1939 the nonul•ti on woe 2,496,017 o~rAone. According to tho cen~up or 1923--the moet reliPble index of linguistic diP tri bution--the Polieh oooulation ot East PruPPia w•e 40,502, to which J or Nauone on November 9, 1920, in ac~ordanoe ••ith the Oer~•ny term~ ot the PAme treaty. It wa• ro-incoroorated in on Seotember 1, 1939. It la claimed by Pol•nd •~ ~ oort ereentiel to Pollah econo!'JlY. In tne ooet-•••r d1eoo•1t1on ot the former Pree City, vhoee legal Ft~tue ie quitP co~~lex, the League of llatlona •nd Dan d g 1teel f, aa "ell ae Pol~ The totAl are~ or the Free City ot Danzig wae 731 souare milee. The pooulation in 1936 numbered 412,000. According to the Danz i g oanaue or 1923, the Free City had a tote1 peculation of 366,730, of whom 12,027 eooke Polish or r.eshub. 8. PoliPh Territor~ annexed~ Ger~•nY in 1939.- Polpnd'e posseaalon or t e eo-cAlled •corridor",~ Poznan area, and the maJor part or the Uooer Slleel•n induatrial Poquired from Germany after the flret Horld War, "&6 area, from a eeriou• eo~rce ot trlction between Poland nnd Germeny t o 1939. Thla territory wap re-1ncoroor•ted i nto 1919 Ge r~Pny after the militAry defeat ot Pol~nd 1n 1939, to o~rt gether ~ltt additional territory vhict hPd not been ~ of ore-1914 Germ~ny. Thl• are•, com~rieing the richest egr1aulturel ROd industrilll OPrt~ O! ore->•ar Po1.Pnd, h9~ 8 tion in 1939 of OO'lle ten m1lllon, of >•hom only 890,000 ":>O'OUb n, vere Oerm·n~ . j.,any Ger'll•na, oerh•oa PP t:IAny •• one millio h•ve been @ettled there i n Pccord~nce ~1th the N~ zi ol~n to •aermeni~e• the annexed territorie• . 9. GermAn Terrltorv E•et of the Oder River . --Poli~h clpime to Ger~an terrltory-rn-Po;er;ni;-;nd-ro;er Sileei• brve not been oreci•ely defined. Soce euggePtions include all territory uo to the Oder River. At the very le••t 1 1 1 ~~!~~~ni~o;~:~ ~rt~h~ ;;~i:h ;~~v~~~~i~~ ~~~~ejh~on~~i~;rg on the BAltic See, •nd seems aeeured ot Brit1eh end Soviet euooort tor thle olela. The e~ller territory ln cue•tion baa •n ~oo rox lmat e area or 7,770 •quare milea and e ~oule tion, al~oa t entirely Oerman-eoePking, ot 750,000. The l ar Qer area, uo to the Odor River, h•e 11n ero11 ot 19,300 aquaro milee ~d • solidly Oerm•n oooulation or about two and one-halt oil l iona. 10. GermAn uyper Sil eeie.--The erP.a in queetion i@ the pre- wpr German Reg erungabe&ir k or Oooeln, vhioh inol~dad the territory awarded to Oer'llany by the Conference ot A:llboe a•dora ' I'---- - 5- eld A~~Pe~adors, October 19, 1921, following • olebiAoitP. h in •ccordance with the term~ of the 7~eBty ot VerPPlllee, olu~ reverel loc~l dietr1ctP to the weet ot the olebleoite are~. It is no• cl•l~ed for Pol•nd both by the Polleh Government- in-Exile Rnd by eookeemen ot Polish grou~~ Pooneored by t he Soviet Union. ~nd ~hl P territory hee ~ n are~ ot 3,?~ equare ~ileP d1e had ~ po?ulPtion ot 1,483,000 in 1933. The industriAl tr1ct ln the extreme e~st had one-tenth the are• ~nd one t hird t ae oooul•tlon ot the territory 1n c.ueetlon. In 1 92~ element m•de uo ~? oercent t he excluelvely Ger~-eoe•k1ng oert ot t . e totPl oo~uletlon in the territory which formed ot t he pl eb1ec1te zone, ?2 percent ot the pooulBtion in the 1nduetr1• 1 d1atr1ct. The weetern d1str1ctP outaide ot the plebiAcite zone, wi th a total population of •bout 323,000, are elmoet eolldly Ger~n-eoe~k1ng. 11. Eeetern Pol~nd between the R1g• Llne and Curzon L1ne.--Th1~ araB includes ore-19l~ustro-Hungar!Pn •nd Ruse1Pn territory. E•8tern GAllet• WP~ renounced by Au8tria Hungpry 1n the treaty ot St. G8rmA1n , ~eotember 10, 1919, pnd VP II aval'ded to Pobnd on ::Arch 1 '5, 1923 by the Pr1noloal Allied Powere Pcting under Article 87 of the VerPaillee 1'reaty. The f ormer Ruse ian terri tory >'8.8 •oquired by Poland by the treaty ot Riga, October 12, 1921. A fomewhl't l arger erep vae occuoied from Be~te~ber 1939 to June 22, 1941 by Rueeia under Agreement vith Ger~ny. In J~nUAry 1944 the Soviet Government oroooeed the Cur~on Line &P the future Polish-Sovi et frontier. rh1e oert ot former PolRnd h•e Pn AreR of 70, 049 equpre miles. Ite total oo~ul•tion , ~ocordlng to the Poli•h oenPUP ot 1931, wep 10,5?4,?85, ot whom 3,841,908 ~ere Pol1Ph-eoe•k• in0, 3,923,108 vere Ukreln1Pn-eoeaklng, 910,•62 were White Ruse1Pn-~oeaking, 10,?37 were RueP1an- soeRk1ng, ?0?, 088 were liated liS "local'' 1nlulb1tante or the Province of Pole ~ • I'----- Nove~ber 2, 1938, and on Maroh 15, 1939, it ~aa incorPOrated by force into ~unge r y . The ~rea or Subcaroathlan Ruthenla la 4,871 equare cllee. Tne ?oou1nt1on ln 1930 vaa 725,357, ot vhom 450,925 (62.17 ~ercent) were Ruthenl~n (Ukrainian); 34,511 (4.76 oercent) o~echoslovak; 13,804 (1.90 OArcent), Ge~•n; 11?,805 (15.98 oeroent), 1~11gya r; •nd 95,008 (13.10 oercent), Jewlsh. A mountainous •nd agrloultur•l region, the region W.d atr•tegio eignU'le•noe tor Ouchozloveki• in tha,t 1t eeoarated Pol•nd trom Hungpry Pnd orovided a oonneotin~ link ~1th R~~•ni•. If Eaetern G&lioi• ie acquired by Rut•la, Ctechoelovakl•'• retention of Rutheni• would glve it a com on frontier with Rua•l• on the CPro•thlan•. There ia eo~e ooeelbility that the Soviet Union lteelt ~ight •brorb Ruthenie, in view or the ore?onderently UkrPlnlan-eoe•klng popul•tlon or that orovlnoe. 13. ~o rthern Bukovln• to the line or Ru• ai•n Ooeuoa !!2U·--For~arly belon&in~ to-xuPirla-Hungary, Bukovin• wee renounced in the tre~ty of St. Gor~1n, Seot e~be r 10, 1919, a nd •werded to RuuRnl• by the treaty or SevreA, August 10, 1920. The northern orrt or it v•e ooouoled by Rur•i•n trooo~ • on June as, 1940, And formally incorporated into the Ukrainien S.S.R. on Augu•t 2, 1940. It ~as ocouoied by R~anie rroo 1941 to 1944, en4 h•~ ~1nce be re-oocuoied by the Soviet Union. T~e area or ~orthern Bukovlne l e e~oroxlmete1y 2,240 equ•re ml1ee. Its totAl pooul~tlon , nceordlng to the Rumanian ceneue of 1930, vaa 529,•62, ot ~boo 267,908 w~re Ruet1•nn nd UkrAtniPne by mother-tongue •nd 137,073 vera Rumsnl•ne. 14, Be~··r•b1o.--BeeP~rPbi• w•e a orcvlnce or 0~0- 1917 Rueeip. An •esemb1y rcoroeenting the m•Jortty Rum•nirn element 1n the oooul8tion orocl oimed ltR lndeoen denoe on December 17, 1917, •nd, during Ruman1•n milltPry ocoupetlon, voted ltf unlon vlt~ Rumani a on Acr1l 8 pnd ~ovember 27, 1918. Rum•n1& 1 1 oovereignty ~•• recognized 1n the treaty of Parle, October ee. 1920, by GrftPt Br1tP1n, fr•noe, Italy •nd J•nPn. The U.s.s.R. reoocu?led Beee•rablP on July 29, 1940 •nd on Augupt 2 united the northern ond southern cortions vlth the Ukr~lnlan S.B.R. an~ for=~d the ,,old•vl•n s . s.R. of the reroalnder, together > l_ -?- July 1941, to 1944. By ; The area or Bee••rebia ie 17,143 equ~re m1les. Ite tot•l 1l01lulpt1on, •ccordlng to the RumPn1•n cen~us of 1930, wee 2,854,402, of whom 1,198,573 were Ruman1an-•1lePk1ng, 3?0,112 were Rua~1•n-sQePk1ng, 331,183 were Ukrp1n1en • aoeek1ng, 201,2?6 were Y1ddieh-PQea!<.ing, 164,'5)1 were Bulg.•riPn - eue~>k1ng, And 101, 356 l'ere Turk1eh-sPePk1ng. 15. Tr•nRv1ven1a.--Thie Area 1nc1udee the former Gr1>nd Princi'1Allty of Tr•nsylvqni•, l:arPmuresh, OriehPne, •nd the Rumanian Banat. Ite oesaion by HungAry to Rumania wPB i mplicit in the Treqty or rrlanon, June 4, 1920, which fixed the com ~on boundary between t~e two etAtes. The d1vl e1on of the B•nat betl'een Rumania •nd Yugoslavia wae deter mined by the Al lied Suureme Council and aoceoted by the two at ~ tes in August 1919, llnd confirmed with alight modifica t ions by a urotocol signed at Be'.grade on November 24, 1923, and Pn •ddi tione.l Qrotocol Signed 1n .Bucharest, June 4" 1927. By the Vienne Avard of August 30, 1940, ll11 of Xar•muresh, moet or Cr1ehana, •nd over half or Transylv~ia 1lroper w~te ceded to HungAry • The total area in di~pute 1s 39,686 ~quare mllea. ItP • total Population, according to the Rumanian cen~us or 1930 was 5,548, 363, of whom 3,20?, 880 were Rumanian~ by declared nationality, 1,353,2?6 were HungarianP, 543,852 were ~ermane, end 43,342 were Yugoslavs. The northern 1lart or Transylvania, which Hunge.ry regained ln 1940, ie 16,000 ~quare miles in area; it contains some 1,149,000 Rumanians and 909, 000 Hunger ian e. 16. Southern Dobru~a.--Bouthern Dobrujp ~·~ ceded by Bulgerie to RumRnia in t e Treaty or Bucharest, Auguet 10, 1913, following the second Balkan w11r. It >'tu• retroceded in Beutember 1940, The ereA or Southern DobrujR iP 2,983 AQU~rA mileP. Ite total 1lOuulstion, according to the RumaniAn censu~ of 1930, wps 3?9,344, or whom 144,639 were Turk1•h-eue~ k1n g, 142,403 were Bulg•riPn-P1leAking, •nd ?9, ?39 Mere RumPnian eoeaking. Since th•t oeneue v1rtu.lly All the Rum•nian inhabitants hPve been reoatriated to P.umanill, under ~n agree ment, end many or the TurkP h•ve migrllted to Turkey. 1?. Yugoslsv-BulgPrilln I j -8- 1?. Yu,oal~v-Bulgarian Frontier Zone North of M~cedoni~.-- his ares was oocuoied P nd-annexen-Dy~ulgar1P in 1941. A oart of it (districts ot Tsar1brod and Bosilegrad) had been ceded by BulgPr1a to YugoslaviP in 1919. At thAt time Yugoslav!~ also acquired a small sector 1n the Timok valley near Vidin, which Bulg~r1P did not re oocuoy in 1941 . The areP of this zonP i ~ Poorox1m•to1y 2,564 squPre mileP. The tot•l oooulation i~ Pbout 195,200, of whom roughly 45, 000 are Bu1g•r1Pn~ and the remainder Sorbs. In Ta•ribrod 1e 1oceted the str~tegically imoortant Dragoman PaP. s , which commands the Sofi~-Bclgrade trunk railw•y . 18. Sector 2! Southern Bu1gariP adJacent 12 Greece. - The Greek claim to Bulgarian territory has not been ore oisel y defined. It mPy extend ae r~r north ~e the Arda River ~ nd the Kresna defi le, embracing an aoproxim•te are~ of 4,500 equars miles. The oooulst1on of 390,000 is about two-thirds Bulgeri~~ and the remainder Turkieh. The Greek claim i e based on strategic coneiderRtione. 19. Greek E•stern liacedonill and lleatern Thrace.--This area was oCCUETed and annexed by 3ulgPria in 1941. Greek >~ estern l:acedonia, in '4hich some 3u1geripn trooos have been • stetioned, but which Bulgaria hila not Annexed, may eleo be clsiru ed by Bulgaria. Some 80,000 lf.acedon1an SVwe resident there provide the b~sie for a possible 3ulgar1rn oleim. ·•estern Thrace wee acquired by Bulgl!ria in 1913, pnd was occupied by the Allied Powers from 1918 to 1923, when it wp a ceded to Greece. Greek l~ cedonia was acquired by Greece from Turkey in 1913. The disput ed territory has an area of sporoximately 5,464 square miles and has eooroximately 645,?00 inhabitants. The immi~ration of a large number of refugees trom Anatolia and tne exchange of minority populations between Greece and Bulgaria made the area oredominantly Greek. Aooroxi mately 85,000 TurkP remained. Some 80,000 Bulgari ans are reoorted to h•ve settled i n the area ainoe 1941, ~nd about the same number of Greeks hAve been evAcuated. The area ie strateg ically i mpo rtant since it ofterp the ooeaibili ty of a direct territorial outlet for BulgariP on the AegePn. 20. The Dodeoaneee IPlend~.--The DodecanP.se I elanda include the-?oiiowlng: Rhodes, KoP, Patmoa, Li oao, Kelymnos, Laroe, ~ieyroe, Tiloe, ~lki, Symi, Aatyoalai, Keroethoa, Kaaoe •nd Keetellorizo. Italy came into • tem~orary• ooePee aion of the iPlllnde •a ll result of the Turco-Ital1an 1ier of • 1911- 1912 I -9- 1911-1912 (Treaty of Lausanne, October 18, 1912). The secret treaty of London, A?ril l 6, 1915, oromiAed Italy full sovereignt y over the i slands. Italion sovereignty >rae recognized in the treaty or Sevree, AuguAt 10, 1920 (Article 122) end in the treaty of Lausanne, July 24, 1923 (Article 15). The total area or the Dodec•neee I•lends i s 1,035 square miles. rhe total oooutation (1936) iF 140,848, eighty to eighty-five oercent of which is Greek. Without greet economic significance, the islands are of s trategic i moortance •e steooing stones to the Aei ~ tic mainlpnd, pertiou1arly Rhodes end Leroa. For this reason their di s position is a matter or interest to Turkey. Greece claims the entire grouo on ethnic grounds. 21. Northern Eo1rue (Southern Albania).--Thie eree was claimed by Greece at the oeace conference in 1919. The Conference of Ambassadors, however, decided on November 9, 1921 to confirm the Albanian boundaries PB fixed by the Conference of Ambasesdore or the Aix European oowere in London in 1913, subject to certain soecified modifications to be carried out by a Boundary Commission. The boundary • was definitely fixed by the Conference of Amb•e eadore in Paris on July 30, 1926. This prea, together with the rest of Albania, was annexed to the Crown of Italy from Aoril 1939 to September 1943, when it was occuoied by Germany, which proclaimed the res~oration or Albanian independence. Northern Eoirue hPB ~n area of approximPtely 2,800 square miles and hae a ~ooulPtion or aooroxim•te1y 300,000 persons, predominantly AlbaniBn. Since there i e •n ~ lbe nian minority in eome or the districts situated on the Greek eide ot the 1926 frontier, possible Pdjuatments in Albonia1 e f avor mi &ht be considered at the same ti~e th•t the dieoosi tion or Northern Eoirus iA considered. 22. I~land or S•eeno.--Baeeno iP • Pmo l l Pnd virtual'y uninhs.bited rooky-rsinnd situated Pt the entrance to the Bey Of Valone. It WP8 RAelgned to Albani• by the Eurooe~n Powers in 1913, Pnd ceded by Albnnia to ItPty in 1920. Its orimary imoort•noe i • etrategio; it served ItPty as P n•vPl strong point on the eastern side of the entrance to the Adriatic Sea. 23. Region or XoPovo.--CertR1n YugoPlnv territorien vere awarded to A!b•nia Iunder ItAliPn ~overeignty) ~fter the I -10- the defeat or Yugotlev1~ in • ~Y 1941. They included Prep a e~pll in the vicinity or L• ke Soutari Pnd ~ larger area alon~ the former ea•tern bo~~de ry ot AlbPnia. The Pooroximete pooulPtion of thi!l annexed territory iP 680,000 or ••hom about two-thirds aro Alban1~n e . 24, YugoslPV l.l'codonia.--ThiP territory '"8P lost bv Turkey in thf' lirst i3&1Ji,.n •·ar ot 1912-1913 (T~I!aty or London, t.Py 30, 1913). In PPi te or the Serbo-Bulg~r TreAty of l:,.roh 13, 1912, Pll but tho StrumitP~ ePlient w~P claimed end by Serbia yielded to her by Bulgaria Pfter t h~ PPoond Ba'kan ~ar in the Treaty or BuchPrePt, AU«UPt 10, 1913. The ctrumitP~ el!'l1ont "lt" ceded by 9u1gPri P to YugoPl.oviP in the r.-ePty or ~eui1ly in Kovember 2?, 1919, After the defAPt or Yugo•loViP in 1941, together with other YugoPlPV territories to t he north, the ••hole ot Yugoehv !(PCedoniiJ WPA ocouoied Pnd •nnexod by Bulgpri... The di"trict h8a • n area of POOroximPtely 8,366 equPre m1lee end hae a pooulatioc ~at'!lt~l:ld!Ll!,OOOO!D oersone, of whom oooroximPtoly two-thirdP Rr<' 1-.~cedoniAn SlRvP, olPimed •e Serbs by Yugoelavia and ae 3ulgare by BulgariP • • 25. Vcne~1a G1uliR, !lorthcaetern Udine, F'i ume, Zara and tn@ Italinn Ielande on the DAlmAtian CoaAt~nezra ~l!P; Zara ~ nd the D~lmatlan IslandP were-cided by Austria to Ital7 in the Treaty of St. Germain, Se~tember 10, 1919. The bounc!ary between Yugoelavi~ and ItPly """ eonflr~~ed by the t~eaty of Raoallo, Kovember 12, 1920. Flume ~Ps re nounced by Hungary in the Tre~ty of Trianon (June 4, 1920), wpe established as • Free Clty by the Tre~ty ot RPoallo, • nd vee incorporated in Italy by the Treaty of Rome, Jenuary 27, 1924. YU6oelav1a no" clP1':18 thi• are~, ~>nd in addition the northeastern oart or the district or Udine, which hea been ... a part or Italy since 1866 . The territory heB ~>n ares or 5,400 square miles. Ite total oooulat1on, according to the cen~UP or 1921 (the leet eeneue ln ~h1ch the inhPbitentP were 11ated Recording language) to vae 946,000, or whom 507,591 were Itali~n-eo e~king; 50, 589 were LRdin-eoeaking, 25e,944 were Slovene-eoeaking, and 103, 613 were Serbo-Crc-t ,oePking. 26, ~ T{rol.--ThlP areP VRP ceded by AUPtr iP tO Italy in tne-!rea y of 8t. Ger~in, seotember 10, 1919, The territ ory - -1.1- The territory in oueetion, which ooincideo ~ith the IteliPn ?rovlnce or 3ol~eno, ha ~ Pn ar ea or 2,735 equPre milee Pnd a total oooulatlon (1936) or 278,000. In the ceneu~ or 1921 (the last ceneue in which the i nhabitants vere lhted according to language), out or a total oo~ulA ti on or 244,000 there vere 189, 000 Ger~an p And 34,000 ItaliAn or Ladi n- soeAk- 1ng 1nhab1t~tnte. !~P ny GermllnP, l!po~>ren t ly .obout 100,000, were ' moved to Germany after Pn Ital1Pn-German agreement "nd plebiscite i n 1939. Sines t he surrender or Italy, however, German Pdministratlon has been established in this territory, which is probably sti ll predominantly German in oooulPtion. 27. Xlegenturt Area.- -Yugoslavio olai~R the Xl~g en rurt basin, roughly to the-sQUndary or Styria and including the cities or Villaoh, V8lkermarkt; end KlAgenrurt. Th i s areo remained under Aue trian Povereignty in 1920 attar a plebiec it ~ in the southern oortion resulted favorably for Austria . The t erritory involved hoe en Rrca or about 1,000 square miles ~>nd P totPl ooouletion of Pome 250,000, of whom only 27,000, eooordlng to tho Au~trian census or 1934, ere Slovenes. · 28. Yuftoalav-HungRrian Bo rderl~nde, i ncluding Prekomurjo,edjumurje, BernnJe, BPchkP And the YugoelPV BPnot . Thee ~ areas were ceded to YugoPlevia by Hungary in tho TrePty or Trianon, Juno 4, 1920. Since the defeAt or Yugoslavia in 1941 all but tho Banet h.ov~ been oocuu1ed by P.ungar1Pn forces . The B~n.ot i a nov P oPrt or the ouuuet state of Ser biP Pnd is Pdmin1eterod by tho loc~l Ge~Pn 1111nority. 7hese di etri ctP hPve -n -re~ or 7,987 equ~re ~ilee Pnd a totPl uooul-tion of Poorox 1~~tely 1,535,000 oereon~. According to the oeneue of 1921, there were 670, 000 Serbo Oro•t~> , 393, 000 ;~pgya r ~ , 321,000 GermPnl.' Pnd 68,000 RumPniPnP .. in thi P t erritory. 29. RA-b Slllient . - - YugoalaviA h.oA clPillltd on ethnic ~rounds P •~~ tl area of about 50 squPre milo• on the uuoer Rerb River vhere P.ungeriPn territory force a •~lient between Yugoslavi a pnd Austria . The populPtion iP not 1110re then a f e" thoueend. 30. Hqnft•tiAn-CzechoslovAk Frontier Zone.--Th1e • rea w~s ceded by ungery to C& P.choe lovPkle in ~Tre~> t y or Tr i enon, June 4,1920, So~ e of the parte indicAt ed were ( re- ooouoied ] -12- r o-occuoied by HungP r y under tho Vi PnnA Awprd of November 2, 1939; P further zone w~e ceded to Hung•ry under the •gree~ent of Aoril 3, 1939. The area annexed involved about 4,500 aquare miles. Aooording to the 1930 oeneus the total copulati on wae 992,496, of whom 288,803 were Czechoelovake, 59?,692 Y~gya rs and 51,000 Jews, The territory is important agriculturally. It border~ the Danube River. 31 . Burgenland.--The Burgenland was part of Hungary in 1921, when it wee ceded to Austria. The city of Sooron, after a pleb1sci te, was retained by Hungary, Hungary mey olaim restoration of the whole orov1nce or a reotification of the frontier in the ·Sopron area. The area of the Burgenland ie 1,532 square m1lee. Its population 'OaS about 300,000 (1934), of which eo percent was German-speaking, 14 percent Croat-soeaking, and 4 percent i~aE,yar-eoeaking, The project of a "Slavic Corridor• connect ing Yugosl avia and Czechoslovakia through the Burgenland was orooosed in 1919 and might be revived. 32. Au stria-Czechoslovak Frontier Zone. --Au~ 1._ -13- 34. Sudeten Area,--Ar pert of the l~nds or the Crown ot BohemlA, th~Ae ~re~e were ceded to CtechoPloveklt by Auetrie in the Treaty ot St. Germain, Seot ember 10, 1919. They were incoroorAted into Germany Pe P con~equence or t he .unich agreement or Beotember 30, 193e. This agreenent was •ubeequently denounced by Gr e~ t Brit~in Pnd FrAnce, ADd WAS never recognited by the Un i ted States pnd t he Soviet Union . The ereB ceded to GermRny in 1938 "P~ 11,236 equere miles i n area. According to the 1930 censua, t he t otP1 oopu1et1on was 3,756,719, or whom 2,822,899 wero GermPn •nd 738,502 CzechoPlovak. Th ~ Budet en1end 1P not~ continuoue terri t ory, but ~ xt ende Pround t he western trontiorP ot CzechoeloVPk i~. Oe~Pion or the territory destroyed the detenees, the com~unicAtions eytem, Pnd the economy ot OzechodovRkie. 35. Pnd ~orcenet.--Theee three die- tri cte entire Belg1Pn-GermAn frontier. Eupen end KP formerly pprt or Germany, were trRnPterred to Belgium i n by the Con f erence or AobAePPdore, f ollow- i ng Pn exoree,i on ot publio ooini on held in Rccord~nco ~ith the terms ot the TroRty or Versailles; end Mor osnet, t ormerly neutral territory, wae awarded to Belgium by th ~ •emo TroP t y. These territorlee wero claimed by GermPny, Pnd on ;lpy 19, 1940, ware re-incorporat ed into the Ro1ch by Hitler. The d1etriote oov~r en area or 366.59 equaro m1loe and have a total pooulet1on, according to the ceneus or 1930, or 66,618, ot whom 12,166 are French-speaking Pnd 51 ,383 aro German-socek1ng. 36. Luxembou~ . -The Gr and Duchy or Luxembourg 1e an indeoendent atate rder i ng on France, Belgi um and Germany end associated witb Belgi um in an economic un i on. Ite aooroximate area ia 1,000 equare miles and lte oooulati on 297,000 (1935). It w~e occ~ied by Germ~ny i n 1940 and de oler ed annexed to Ge~ny in 1942. 37 . AlPA~e-LorrAlne . --Thl e territory vep lo1t by Fr~nea in 1871 when 1 vAe oeded to GermPny under the Treaty or rr~ nktort May 10, 1871. It wAa r eturned to Fr•noe according to the Pe•oe Treaty with Ger~ny (June 28, 1919) , oP trom the date or t he armlltl oe, November 11, 1918. I n 1940 thiP reg1on wee annexed by Germany , The territory -14- The terri tory oovere an areft ot ~ooro xima t e ly 5,605 equaro miloe, With a total populfttlon ot 1,915,62? aooord lng to the conaua ot 1936. 0 • !I:JCC.-pbell 1 g 2 6 c , ...... , .... w., • EUROPE BOUNDARY PROBLEMS II Aftu clt~Med bt'IIIOI• 11\tft •• • tle'u,el\4 ll1e ~t.,tooa.llon ~~ •'i<-" de~""• Cll'llt1'9't teul· torlt l uttl-n - NIIMI>Ifl IIM!Uol~ , ..... teocQN- lfl S!lltii'PHIII1 "'. S P A I ... - , .._I 7?1.7~r~ DEPARTMENT IN.eOMING Dtvtst6N o~ "' "' OF COMMUNICATIONS TE LEGRAM STATE I AND REC ORDS FBM - 956 Naples This telegram must be paraphrased before bring Dated June 22, 1944 communicated to anyone other than a GovernmEnt Rrc 1d 7 :50p.m. Agency . (RESTRICTED) SecrEtary of State , Washington. - 258, June 22 , ~ p .m. TO THE PRESIDENT , THE SECRETARY OF STATE, VIAR , NAVY At;D &!SHOP SHERRILL FROM MYRON TAYLOR: "Cooperating with Gene ral Johnson, AmErican Military Governor of Rome , have arrancrd to have Episcopal chaplain tEmporarily aets ~ hed from Army t o opEn American church and community house in Rome: at once for services and socilll privileges of armed forces and others . Temporar y arrangemEnt to be concludEd upon arrival clergyman selected by American church authorities with your ap~roval . VisitEd AmErican Acodrmy Rome , all in good order and to be used by Monuments and Fine Arts sub-Commission in Italy ." &RA NDT WMB RR c.R .rc . ....~ - -.. AIR" mR n - THE WHI T!!: HOUSI!: W ASHIN GTON Junr~ 21,. , 19 /, ~ . liE..JI.AI\L U t vtt TBE U!iDr:H ~fi>.t.l. ni Or !> H TE Wl. ll 1 uu pluw.-.. tr; I. J !lOt a aon t on a pl~ne for Mrs. My r on Taylor about t he t lOll t.h ~f J uly or shor tl y ther ea fter ? F. D. R• .. 16 EAST SEVENTIETH STREET ... • .. • ~eC ~ 'b-' - ~ ' c "-o ccs•~fl- ~ r·" .... 'fi- J(p ,.ePa,.. Qq •• •• _(} ~~ . ~ t,_ L•mc. ": ~ :Ra, a!•c:Z: - ~ C(ec- a ~J) ...1 -~ • _ ~ c ••ullA- .e.. • .. 1 1 a - .. 0?.- .! ~.1~~0 • .1!. 9 ~ t Ur:. ~f.. CCC2 - 1ik>c 1i ~~ ~•o J;-<• c...e ' •• ~ ..... a ~~ C..<,.-~~ ~ ~--J~ r;: a;;; V~1. ;;_ ... • - c:..L C.. ~ il . ~I _ I ' ... ~.e. p ~ ~ ,.o ... c-··= • ~ • •• • • ..__ ~~---- L~4 ..-, D A 1 .a~ ;fll.t"ll'!.,l"--- - - . \;:: I e 0 .~· • - VaticaD cay J'ua.a 27, 1944. 5735 Dear Mr. Preaident: lD our laat interYiew you auggeated tbet it would be interea- tlDg to learn the ocoaaion ot Badoglio'a retireaent. I az encloaing a 1t ate.aent tl"Oil an otticia.l Amaricu aouree who wae present: in Ih.ly th~out tho 1DYoe1oD cd uooc1atod W1 t b t ho Allied A4•1oory council tor Italy, which 81~•• a re'Y iew or the aYenta leading up to througbout the au.e period. and • ill tranait 1 t ill due courae. I .. ••ry grateful 1'or • telegru troa t be Secretary announcing that at your inatance Anabel would be d irected to join ae lhort,lT and I haTe about coapleted auitable quartere, haYing bad ottered the •1Ua To t he Preaident. White Bouea. Jncloauro: Li. :;...,. i ;•U·:O Stat•aa.t. ~.... '"'"'" ...... w :n FEB 2 2 1972 By J, Schauble Oa!A!i_ -2- •1llo ot 111u lo!o.r1oo ltomp ID Ro:o boto,. I l oft home. I th1Dk ~bol ohoul4 COM aroW>d 10110 tS.. oftor tho a144lo ot Tulf. With t1Ddea\ r.a.&N• ac4 ben whhea, bell••• • / OOP'! ¥!YCIWnlUII CJI POLITICAL !X:.'VELOIUNI'S I!l ROIIII 7Vlle 14, 1 9~ . Upoo arr1•al 1A R- 1t 11:or.ecliately ao.. lopod r .... ••ry oar17 conaul\aiion wt~h tha lea4tTs of the Liberation .n4 reatatanoa tronta tba' ~here were two poaa1ble oouraee or aotion open to the Allied r.pnaenta.t1"'': l) To ~~u1Te ae repreeentactvea or the ocouprtns roroe• tbat Badogllo conUDue ae Prt.ae K1D.1ater u4 that Rocan l eadere enter lltl lUaJiti'J; 2) To brioa tceotbor tho m•bera or t be Itellu oounmont e.ll4 tbe national leader• ot tbe ~111 ot Liberation, • bO were aee.. bled in Rome, nn4 to inat at that they form the moat repreaentati~e OoYarn ment poeetble wbteh woul4 at t bt 1aa. tt.. ~ to lea•• open the 1natttut1onal queation until att ar tte war and accept tbe obltgottons Bodoa1io hod aaauao4 toward& tbo Allie& both under the Aroistioo and under auba.eq,_u.nt agrM.MDtl. It the ttret courae had beon aelectod it would bave moaot drivtug a coDa14erable ..jortty ot an~1~1eac1at •1.-.nta. aorth ot N&plea, toto oppoett loD a~ the creation ot & weak oo.ernmen~ boavily o•er• balanced to tbe Rlgllt. Rogardl.oao or e.ll that l!adoelio had dono to kMp lte.ll' solos and or t ho apont&J>eity or hla reception b7 tho R H wu oleor that t ho poop1a or eorman-occupiocl Italy bad not toreotton he had l.n tb• on Sept, 8 wttbo..n 4treqtlvea to govena tbeir conduct whtD the 04~ detcen4t4 UJIOil tb•. There ••• aleo the very etroDS oon•1oUOil oa tho pan or MJ17 or tbo 1e.O.oro with wbcm we talked 'ba' a.o renrpaoe ot lta.l,J' waa pouible unleaa a oleaa break wu ude w ith their Faooiat paot. Badogllo di4 DDt roprooont thio rootor and &n7 oooo.--nt ro:.o4 Wl4or hie 1oodorohip 100\114 ha.. booa wok bot b polltloalll' -a- poUUo&Uy an4 ahlnittreth·el:r. Alto tc ... poteiblt to MOure aan... ut t o le&YI \ht 1D.t "\1tut10A&l OOIIPrcai•• aoluttoa of the Lieutenancy un~oucbed tr tbe ParUea 'both 1D end out or tbt Go..,ern ment had t hei r owt1 choice ot Prelllier. Contequent ly tbt eeeoud courat ••• ind1cate4, pertloularly at it repHMiltt4 ce:aplluce wttb. our buto iaatructi.ou u d the tllllou.:Dee4 ltOIOOII' pollcy. BY urging the toraatton ot • co•traaent at tbo aarliett poestblt DOMDt aloD& theN UMt ADd by aba\atntna rro:a dinct 1nhneo.Uon to tbt o"lot or a PHaltr, AD.g1.o-J.Mrtcu autho-rity a t lean lu Rc.e tlU reca1At4 the tntttatt•• which 1n the s outh i t ha4 earlier abandoned, pona!tt!na RUoe!an-Communiat lea4er•blp to 4ocinate. It 11 true t hat tbt Go••r~nt tl at preaent conet ituted 11 not t.oo atroea aD4 ta oc:.poM4 ot elderly poll Ucie.n.a under a tol'lle:'l7 ..at PriM Min1ater. Ne•ertheleaa 1t 11 t baolutely trM trca :ructat U.n&t &1\4 doet co.,prhe bot h m&mbera or the April GovernJLent a.nd thoae who UA4tr t bo Gemu oppreaalon and 111 ct..n&er ot their U'fea kept &111'1 the aatl-?'a.actet eplrtt or naiatuce ud the orautuUoa ot the Partl••· AI a coa.litlon oon 1 t doe a tebrace 110at aha4tl or publlc oploioD an4 pa rty 1eo~~nt . Tberetoro e~u tet rat11'e ly, Which troa t be polot ot 1'1ew or t he Allied war ettort auat haYt hieh priori ty, U g1Ytl 110r1 &'Qa.t'&Dt.M ot eolid.&ri\7 &.A4 e tftctheceaa c.bu would tbl c a-.xitteDct ot an outtpoktD oppot1t1on with a ••ak Bedoglt o CoTt~ot. One or tht pr1no1pal aupporttre or the latttr, Togl1at1t •• • the mambor 111>o •' 'b• -una 'old 8&4osl1o trankl.r that Wider 'be o! rouu,a.oou h 110uld be l..:po•alble to to-m a Coveraaent UDc!tir b.ia. 'ftat 1.\lOgOt•D.t .D.I.I .olutloo hu oot •d• 1t po"1bl e to bri.D& 1JI all el... ot a, but tbeae would have b ..n attll tewe~ under Badoalto. Boa.t wbo 4tM"'' areat cred1t tor bta &ct1't'1Ue• • • Preatde.nt o r tbo ·3- tllo Roae Co.aittH or t~euooal Li bentton uoder the period ot O.r&e.D tyranny at tbt 4&1ly r1ek ot hie l ift held tbt organt ~atl on toget ber. Rt &a not 4t 'Y014 or poltUoal erper!.toct and Jvd.peat u4 eppe.r.nUt rMUue tully tbe iapo.r\anct and Yihl ntCtiiU.7 ot tubord1Dat1q t t altan political tbeorita to tht unittc&~to n ot Italy to the war ortort and of tolthtul and loyol eoooplluco • Uh t ho uo4onold0«11 bit pr.deceeaor aa•• t h e Al.Uea. Since t bt departure or the OO"Ytnunent tor Salerno RON h quiet politically ADd 11 ewe tttna tbtlT r eturu. To the President , The Wh ite House. THI. PE flt SONAt. RCPAC8&NTATIVE. 011' TH! PRI:SIOI.HT OF" THa. UHtTEO aTATI:$ OF' AMERICA TO HIS HOLtH ESS TH£ P OP& ~- ~ ~ Lc__ ..£_ ~--~.,•....._. ,_ : ~ ;L~« ;-7-- ~~ ~~ c.;, "!5.- ,., • ? ~ ..r- .e_ _ ,?. .. d.JC •.. .:; ... ~ , -~ ::a~- ,.,..__..~ · W/1( .__ • ~ a. ~ a. rtrf-~-~ 3- /Z. ~ ~-- ~ .. ~ b..-. ,~~ C2 a.e;:;· 4e y ~ . •...• ...... t. . ~~~ ...... : ~ ...... ,.£ £7;C ,--,-7:.....G'""·...._....,, ..... , ~ p:; /-'~ tP< • .r ~ ~ A-c.. ,;c ~~ ~a ?Z::~ .t.. .~~j'. .) r. -e•• o ,e-. r.- .J? .< r . ~ ,e.. • ...... ~ 4"4... ~ -:{ ..«... ft:.c.-...... _..__.,< -c::...... ~-...:-...... ; ~,__:._ _ ., ;;::- ~-- "/- .. ""- 4-. ~~..,..---- n-.., ~ ~ ~ ~ - ~ ~~ ~ ~~ ~ - / ~ ~ C.,-.r;::.·. ~ ~. .! ;J.' · A; /J.J~ ...:...._ a...,..__-4#""'----....·...... ~ ~ J R:. 'T ;#: -- .... ~ -<:_ ~ . • I L ,s- . •• - :::? ... . J TH& PE:"·ONAL. RI.PRES I.NTA.TIVE OV TH& I CA. P RI.&IOENT Of' THE. U N I TED aTATE.S O F AM~R T O H I$ ... OLIH E: SS TH£ PO•I. ;L.~~, I ~ Ll::. 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L - C , / ~ "" '- ~ ~ ,_ /~ 7 ..... - ,.- ~ -~- ~,,.a · 7 ~ rfc. .,. /-' 72..~- rl s-..~rt! - y/ ~~ ~ ~~ ~~ ;..-;; - ~ ~" • a. /" s: .. , - -c.,,. 4 ct. - ~· , r • ~- -, ~ ~ ,k. . 7;-..cf /- . .. .. ,P ~~~ .<:. ~ ...J-:~ -~- ~ ~d . ~ x;.._._ ~ ~ 4 .Z:..... /~ · 77.: ~ ;:,;e~;· ~- ~r~ ~ ?"7->-~--- ?'_.... u._ ~ ""'- -~ 2 ....:...,_ ~ ~ ~ 4 ?"~ ~ Z:::__._ d-.,, f._, ~ - 'ht ~.-:... ..,_,...... _/' ~ - .,..~ ... , ;.... ~~ ~ ~ ~ c :c- ?,'" ~~- ~ qo,.._ ·cc.',. ...... - 7-. ~ ~~£ .... c.. • .. ------:::< C'?~~ --ct"..- ~ - - /'-c .. , ----> h..L--.-.; _;/.£,..£ ~~~ ~~~------.. ~1 - .i/ / .. \~~a.-...>72_. :1~ ~~lht~~ a.~~ - .. .. TH& fl'llltaONAL REPR&.a&N T ATtVE OF T HE PRE.S I O£NT OF T HE UNIT&O .TATES OF AMIUUCA TO HIS H O L I N ESS THI. POPE CU!d~ J. (\ ~ ~. ~ ilL ---~--- .. ... ~~~ ~ a . fo/-(CLL., k ti.;_,_ ~~ ~__..~· ,..,/ 1{ ~ ~~ ....;?L.,-<-4.' d~ :_I -;; o o. Pc.1;_.., _:_ h,. M. r.A /'~ J. y-a~ ~~ ~- h:..Z. ."'-- ;<---- --=-~ f)~ .z:. / ~e4'£ ..-;.-/J P~-;- ~~-' I ~ ~ _J' ~ ez'y5~~ ~.-./'i.e ~z= a .... - . - 4--z-Z ~ ~ ~£...---- /.?~,...~~ ?h- <-- ~ ~ /'- u?&c... G ~..;_,_ _.:. "- ~ ,c"l:''z4-~ ~~ ~. /'U--~..<.. c....a-/ f # ~.,._7 / /£. ~~~-:;:. ... .?- ~ ~ ~ z;£; ~~ ~ L,- L ~ ~ c£ ;:;ha;.~ 4, / f ~c) ~ ~7 ~-) .s ~~ ct~~/ - ...c;- ~- ~AJ~/, % ~ -t:. ~~ ~~~ , F~ ~~,_~_ ../ ~~ :r~~, L_ - ~,~rd~ ~- ~ ~ - ,L~ ...... ~< -J '*'" · - ¥~(! <,, d4 ./ CZ-d~ /~~ /?:: c/~" ~ ~ ~ ~ ~e-....e. ~~C,/ L_,. ~ fo-._...,.'----~ t: h~ .71"::.. ??~ - ~ c • au ~ a.£~ ~ .u.. .F zc:- ~ ~;C.__;_ a:---v d.:-,_,.,.~~ / - ~ ~ .L:.;c ,;{; :If~ ~ A.e4 .._ .. ,__ _..£~ ~ ?X.. ~ ~ ~ • -· ~·-:.7 d.;..,~ e<-,.-. . r - ~&_;(_ z-~ u.c....._ C-tM-~ .:t:' k €!...,...~ ~ CU/ ~'9'"---->• 01 .. ... ~" . _ ./Z. A~ ~ /L - ~ a ... 1 .-,....(.;A _ A4. c/""-7.r ~ ,A: •-/'-· • / r ~ . ~c • 2C, ~~l.~ ;C:, ~ ..... -.~~ /7, ~~~ ~.z; ~~. ~r- \ 4j''r.-w: / ~ I /H ;, • ~J;- • ~~II. • r :t . ,~c., ...... ~ if . ~ -~ u. a::. ,.....v-.--.- ch..it::.c.b::;: tj, ?u-+- K,. .L ~ .r e .. ~t · .r 5 a..._f J:.. ..l -- ' . ~av.J - ;/.J. r ~~~~ r:,_._. //' iw ?k e~·~ • D EPARTMENT OF STATE DIVISION OF PROTOCOL July 26, 1944. MEY.ORANDUM FOR MISS TULLY: I am transmitting herewith a sealed communication addressed to the President by the Honorable Myron C. Taylor, Special Representat ive of the President at the Vati can. / Stanley Woodward Chief, Division of Protocol Enclosure: Sealed communication. ohal7 ee, ltu. Kpo!W!IUJt to!S MilS T'",l,J 1 I aa cr.... uuac berev1th a ••&1•4 ._.1oaUOD a44reue4 to tall Prelld ent l17 'b• l'foaor.llle J17ron 0. f&~lo r, Spee1&l Repr•••nta\1Ye ot tbe Pre114ent at t be YaUoaa. SbDle7 Woodwud Ob1et, D1Ylllon ot Pro,oool I!Dolowre : - - 'v./ { THI: W HITE H OUSE \~\ l W ASH I N GTON \ v l,• \ J'lme )0, 1944· IIEMO!WI DUll FOR THE IJEORETARlC OF STATE Here ia a personal ao4 confidenti al letter fro• ~ron Taylor. Please r ead and r eturn to .y office f or ae ~o anewer with &01 c~ent you car e t o :aake. F. D. R, TH£ PCIIl&ONAL JIC .. IIIIl&CNTATIVC OF T"H& ftfti.&IOI.NT OF THC U H IT&O .TAT II& 0' A-"C,U CA TO HI& HOLIHilla THil ftO .. Il JL-?h.-.4~ - ,/L~~~ ~ ~ J-v a:.. 2. 0~ J ~vJ - ~ 9rU! 7--./ ,f~ ~ ~ ru~ ~ ~ ~~~ L "vi-_ -- T ,..l ~l.tlllaOHAL ACP .. IallNTATIVl 0 ' nu: ••t&I D&HT o,r THC UHIT IID 5TATIS 0, A HCIIIIICA TO HI$ HOLIN&IS T MC POPI / ~"' ..k:::.-r""- ~~ '- /2..-_._ J -rl /o .. ()..... It:. ~ ~ r.t ~. tit:.-~ -«.. u ~ ·· ~ 'k c:{.: .:.1 ~ )(--:_' --~~.... r .,e__r -·~- . •. ~~-r _._ a. ..£-<-.4u «-<- ~ ,L?._ /~ ~ 1- lZ.. ~~ ~ · (;(...; ~ - ~ .... ~e..c .~.. .:. 4~ ...... _:. ~ -4 e:z...... --t ~ .. . .. '&.(! I '1c...... J- ~ 64 ~.,;;;:., 4-. A ~~ ..,(_ :.h.,-~~ ~ £.· .• ~ ~ . ..A,~ ~ ~ tt ~~ . ~ p~ ~ ~~ M.. ~ £L. ~~ .t, tf-.. - ~ ~ ; r-: ...J ,z::: n...... ~ ~ t....~- -<- j--.Z:. /-s . 1 -G...4.4 "'-- .J ...... _. ~,.ILol ~r .. ~ . '-"- --._. ~ ¢· .,.< ••.' ...... • .e. , ~ Ao ·~ . .1. -1 ?;,. ~ ~ n..... c . " "'.....UC:.:, ~ ~ ~ ~~ tvL. -4.« •. ~ ..... a -"'- A· L d .... 4.,.c -4, .) t::- ., ''-' 'h---. .c;t.. ~ ~...., • ~ a', -/ .::;:. J ~ ,tt ··:C(., ~ ~ ~ . , ~ C> 7 ~~ - ~~ tUZ.. ~.. ~ ~ ~~A.~ . .) ttrr.4.. ~ ~~ ... "' Q. ;t:.· ...( - ~ ~~ j' .... : :P.s ./~-4~- .- ... v vv DEPARTMENT 01' S TATE WASHINGTON July 8 , 1944 runt IIEI40RANiml FOR THE PRESIDENT Subject: Letter £rem Myron c. Taylor. Kr. Taylor's confidential letter to you of June 2~ bas been read with much interest and ap preciation and is returned herewith together with a tentative draft of reply for your consideration. In vi" or the prel1m1nary nature of the con versations or llr. Taylor with the Pope and the Cardinal Secretary, there would not appear to be &nJ' particular question which the Department would like you to 1118nt1on to Kr. Taylor at this time, ex cept a reference to the Vatican'• efforts to assist Yictima of religious and racial persecutions as 1118n t1oned in the enclosed draft, if J'OU approYe. Enclosures: Xr. Tarlor•a letter, June 2,, 1944; Draft or repl,-. l • • I • . i ~ 1• ~ I' =i ::1 l~i ~~"! l!•r !11! . 41 f~ii1' 11 ~trsf 1r~rr iE 1 l ~ ~ia!rl~ ~~,.•rJ i ·f'l ~lftf• 4 fJI(i~J ! a~ll I 11'! 1 !illinl,u 1i!llif i( f~!~'a1 .. ~ &: fr :1 ~!1 ii.J •r f•!r ~~ f I a.r. !i!l ilf lH1 !"!!I l! ' I l , 4 3 ~fl ~J •r] ~'1 (~1• •)441 .. 1 ~ I ~ (I " rJ'rfi ( !• r iflfl~l~ •r1(1"&~1;! i l af~'i•J~ ;ar!~i!~' ~~i'' rJi•iFi! 1 no!u ...a .... ~ u. N11 ,; 1ooa~~ n•\J.M or tutal . ... n~ ""'7 ;:Md &1.,.., wla u4 ~ -.., • ,_ .. . ONN• 1 .... o. ~. •u.a o"r