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The Radiochemistry of Rhenium COMMITTEE on NUCLEAR SCIENCE

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The Radiochemistry of Rhenium COMMITTEE on NUCLEAR SCIENCE Na?ional Academy of Sciences PJational Research Council 9 NUCLEAR SCIENCE SERIES The Radiochemistry of Rhenium COMMITTEE ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE L. F. CURTISS, Chuirman ROBLEY D. EVANS, Vice Chairman National Bureau of Standards Massachusetts Instituteof Technology J. A. DsJUREN, Secyetiwy Westinghouse Electric Corporation C. J. BORKOWSKI J. W. IRVINE, JR. Oak Ridge National Laboratory Massachusetts Instituteof Technology ROBERT G. COCHIUN E. D. KLEMA Texaa Agricultural and Mecbanioal Northwestern UniverslW College W. WAYNE MEINKE University of Michigan SAMUEL EPSTEIN California Institute of Technology J. J. NICKSON Memorial Hospital, New York U. FANO National Bureau of Standarda ROBERT L. PLATZMAN Laboratctre de Chimie Physique HERBERT GOLDSTEIN Nuclear Development Corporation of D. M. VAN PATTER America Bartol Research Foundation LIAISON MEMBERS PAUL C. AEBERSOLD CHARLES K. REED Atomic Energy Commission U. S. Air Force J. HOWARD McMILLEN WILLIAM E. WRIGHT National Science Foundation Office of Naval Researoh SUBCOMMlllEE ON RADIOCHEMISTRY W. WAYNE MEINKE, Chairman HAROLD KfRBY University of Michigan Mound Laboratory GREGORY R. CHOPPIN GEORGE LEDDICOTTE Florida State Unlversi~ Oak Ridge National Laboratory GEORGE A. COWAN JULIAN NIELHEN Los Alarnos Sclentiflc Laboratory Hanfofi Laboratories ARTHUR W. FAIRHALL ELLIS P. STEINBERG IJniverslty of Washington Argonne National Laboratory JEROME HUDIS PETER C, STEVENSON Brcdhaven National Labcmtory University of California (Liverrnore) EARL HYDE LEO YAFFE University of California (Berkeley) McGill University CONSULTANTS NA THAN BALLOU JAMES DeVOE Centre d’Etude de l’Euy@e Nucleaire University of Miohigsn Mol-Donk, Belgiugi’ . WILLIAM MARLOW National Bureau of Standards CHEMISTRY The Radiochemistry of Rhenium G. W.” LEDDICOTTE Analytical Chemistry Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge, Tennessee Fwuanc-sDate:April1981 Subcommittee on Radiochemistry National Academy of Sciences —National Research Council Printedin USA.Price$0.50.AvailablefromtbeOfficeofTechnical Services,DepartmentofCommerce.Washington25,D.C. FOREWORD The Subcommittee on Radlochemistry is one of a number of subcommittees working under the Committee on Nuclear Science within the National Academy of Sciences - National Research council . Its members represent government, industrial, and university laboratories in the areas of nuclear chemistry and analytical chemistry The Subcommittee has concerned itself with those areas of nuclear science which involve the chemist. such as the collec- tion and distribution of radiochemical pr~cedures, the estab- lishment of specifications for radiochemlcally pure reagents, availability of cyclotron time for service irradiations, the place of radiochemlstry in the undergraduate college program, etc. This series of monographs has grown out of the need for up-to-date comDilatlons of radlochemical information and Dro- c;dures. The ~ubcommittee has endeavored to present a se;ies which will be of maximum use to the working scientist smd which contains the latest available information. Each mono- KraDh collects in one volume the pertinent information reaulred ~or-radlochemical work with m. ind~vldual element or a gro~p of closely related elements. An expert in the radiochemistry of the particular element has written the monograph, following a standard format developed by the Subcommittee. The Atomic ”Energy Commission has sponsored the printing of the series, The Subcommittee is confident these publications will be useful not only to the radiochemlst but also to the research worker In other fields such as physics, biochemistry or medicine who wishes to use radiochemlcal techniques to solve a specific problem. W. Wayne Melnke, Chairman Subcommittee on Radiochemistry iii INTRODUCTION This volume which deals with the radio chemistry of rhenium Is one of a series of monographs on radiochemi8try of the elements; There Is included a review of the nuclear and chemical features of particular Interest to the radlochemlst, a discussion of prob- lems of dissolution of a sample and counting techniques, and finally, a collection of radiochemical procedures for the element as found in the literature. The series of monographs will cover all elements for which radiochemical procedures are pertinent. Plans include revision of the monograph periodically as new techniques and procedures warrant. The reader is therefore encouraged to call to the attention of the author any published or unpublished material on the radiochemistry of rhenium which might be included in a revised version of the monograph. iv CONTENTS I. General Reviews of the ~organic and Analytical Chemistryof Rhenium . 1 II. RadioactiveRadionuclidesof Rhenium . 1 III. The Chemistryof Rhenium and Its Application to the Radiochemistryof Rhen@mR adionuclicLes . 2 A. The Oeneral Chemistryof Rhenium . 4 1. Metallic Rhenium . 4 2. Compoundsof Rhenium . 5 The Oxide Compxuds . 5 :. The Oxy-salt Compounds . 7 c. The Sulfur Compounds . .. 8 d. The Halogen Congmunds . 8 e. The Carbonyl Compounds . 10 f. The Rhenide Compounds . 11 B. The Analytical Chemistryof Rhenium . 11 1. Sepsxationby Precipitation . 13 2. Separationsby Volatility . 14 3. Separationsby ElectrolyticMethods . 15 4. Separationby Solvent Ebrtraction . 16 a. Ion AssociationSystems . 16 b. Chelate Complex Systems . 17 5. Sepantione by Ion Exchan& Resins . 18 6. Separationsby Paper Chromatogmphy and Electrophoresis . 19 Iv. Mssolution of SmIrplesContainingRhenium . 19 v. Safety Practices . 20 VI. Counting Techniquesfor RadioactiveRhenium Isotopes . 20 VII. Collectionof Detailed RaiLiochemicslR’ocedures for Rhenium . 21 v The Radiochemistry of Rhenium G. W. LEDDICOTTE Oak Ridge National Lalxmatory Oak Ridge, Tennessee I. GENERAL REVIEWS OF TEE INORGANICAND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRYOF RHENIUM Remy, H., Treatise on Inorgtic Chemistry,Vol. II, p. 236-241, Elsevier, New York, 1956. Hillebrand,W. F., Lundell, G. E. F., Bright, H. A. and Hoffman, J. I., Applied InorganicAnalysis, John Wtley @ad Sons, Inc., New York 1953. Gmelti’s Handbuch der AnorganlschemChemie, System Nr. 69/70, Masuxium; Rhenium,atim., Verlay Chemie, Berlln, 1955. Noddack, 1. and Noddack, W.,Dss Rhenium, Leipzi& 1933. Kleinberg,J., Argersinger,W. J., Jr. and Griswold, E., Inorgmic c’h~stq~ P. 530-544>Heathj Bosto% 19~. Wilson, C. L. and Wilson, D. W., ComprehensiveAnalytical Chemistry, Elsevier,Amsterdam, 1959. Sienko, M. J. and Plane, R. A., Chemistry,McGraw-Hill,New York, 1957. TrIbalat, S.,Rhenium and Technetium,Gauthler-Villsrs,Paris, 1957. Chalet, G. smd Bezier, D., QuantitativeInorganicAnalysis,Jcbn Wiley -Sons, tic., New York,1957. Rodden, C. J., cd., Anal@ ical chemistry of the Manhattan Project, Book ~, Part I, p. 4h2-443, National Nuclear EnerW Series,McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc., New York, 1950. II. RADIOACTIVENUCLIDES OF RKENTOM The radioactivenuclldes of rhenium that are of interest in the redio- chemistryof rhenium are gjven in Table I. This table has been compiled 1 from itiormatlonappearing h “Table of Isotop=s”by D. Strominger,J. M. Hollander, and G. T. Seaborg, Reviews of Mcdern Physics ~, 585-934 (1958). Table I RadioactiveNuclides of Rhenium M&e of Energy of Rsdlonucllde HaM-life Decay Radiations,Mev ProducedBy Re178 15 m P+ p+: 3.1 Re180 2.4 m p+, Ec e+: 1.1 7: 0.11, 0.88 Re180 18 m Ec y: 0.227, 0.282 ~emo 20h P+ P+: 1.9 Re181 20h EC 7: Maw R=182 1-2.7 h Ec 7: Maw Daughter of 0s182(21.9h) Re183 71 d EC 7: - Daughter of 0s‘i3(13.5h) ~184 50 d m 7: m Re184 2.2 d EC or IT 7: 0.043, 0.159 %186 *185 89.9 h B-, 7 ‘: 0.934, 1.072 (n,y)Rel& ;: 0.1372, 0.627, os186(n,p)Re186 0.764 ~emm Re187 18.7 m IT 7: 0.0635, 0.105 (n,~)Rel& Rem Re187 16.7 h .B-,7 P-: 1.96> 2.= (n,y)RelW a 7: 0.1551 Re189 150 d P-, 7 P-: 0.2 y: 1.0 Rel$a 2.8 m b-, 7 P-: 1.7 7: 0.191, 0.392, 0.57, 0.83 a tiSO produced by OSl“(n,p)RelW, Ir191&@Re1M, and W186(n,7)1#871#87~} Re187(n,7)Re1w. ., III. THE CHEMISTRY OF RHENIUM AND ITS APPLICATIONTO TEE RADI~STRY OF RHENTUM RADIONUCUDES RadiochemistryIs probably best described as being an analyals technique used primarily either (1) to asslgt in obtaining a pure miLlonucl.ldein some form so that an absolu~ measurementof its radioactivity,radiationener~es 2 and half-life can be made, or (2) to detern&e the amount of radioactivity of a particular =oelement in a radionucl’idetiure, or (3) to complete a radioactivationanalysisbeing uned b determine the stable element con- centrat~onin a particular sample material. In order to be emaid in accom- plishing any one of the above interests;radiochemlstryusually considers the isolatlOnof the desired radionuclideby either carrier or carrier-free Beparatlonmethods. Generally, “carrier”methods are uBed most frequentlyW raiilochemistry. They involve the addition of a small amount of inactive stable element to a solution of the irradiatedmaterial to serve as a caxrier of the radio- nuclide of that element through the separationmethod. In “carrier-free” separations,i.e. radiochemiceltechniquesused mmtly for absolute radio- activitymeasurements (see (1) above), it is required that the radioelement be isolated in a manner able to give either no amount or a minhala mount of stable element in the final form to be used in the”radioactivitymeasur- ements. In most instances,radiochemlstryis dependentupn more conventional .’ ideu in analyticalchemistryinvolting se~ations by SUC4 methods as ,pre- cipitation,solvent extraction,chromatography,volatilization,and/or electrolysisand the .9ubEequentpresentationof the isolated radioelenent in a form suitable for a meastiementof the radioelement~sradioactivity.
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