DOCSLIB.ORG

Grasses of the Hawaiian Ranges

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Grasses of the Hawaiian Ranges HAWAIl AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION D. L. CRAWFORD, President, University of Hawaii ]. H. BEAUMONT, Ph.D., Director ADMINISTRATION L. A. Henke, M.S. __ Assistant Director H. K. Hee_-----.-_--.-._---- __ -----_- __ -- __ -_-_- __ -.-_-----._Junior Administrative Assistant AGRONOMY J. C. Ripperton, M.S. Agronomist E. Y. Hosaka, M.S. Collaborator M. Takahashi, M.S. Junior Agronomist R. A. Lyman, B.S. Assistant in Agronomy T. Togashi, B.S.. Assistant in Agronomy ANIMAL HUSBANDRY L. A. Henke, M.S.. .... .. .. .. Animal Husbandman S. H. Work, Ph.D.. Associate Animal Husbandman C. I. Maruyama, B.S.. _.. Assistant in Animal Husbandry CHEMISTRY AND SOILS L. A._ Dean, Ph.D.. __ . .. __ Chemist J. B. Bartlett, Ph.D.. __ .. .. .. .._Junior Chemist E. T. Fukunaga, M.S.. Assistant in Chemistry Ruth Yoshida, M.A.. __ .. .. .. .._.. Assistant in Chemistry ENTOMOLOGY F. G. Holdaway, Ph.D.. Entomologist Amy Suehiro, M.S.. __ .. .. .. .. Assistant in Entomology FOODS AND NUTRITION Carey D. Miller, M.S. .. __ Nutritionist Martha Potgieter, Ph.D.... .. Associate Nutritionist Lucille Louis, B.S.... ._Assistant in Nutrition HORTICULTURE J. H. Beaumont, Ph.D.. .. .. .. Horticulturist W. W. Jones, Ph.D.. .. Assistant Horticulturist J. E. Welch, M.S. .. Assistant Olericulturist lW. B. Storey, M.S.. Junior Pomologist H. D. Michener, Ph.D.. .. ..Research Assistant Marguerite E. Hartung, B.A. Assistant in Horticulture H. Kubota, M.S.... .. __ Assistant in Horticulture P. A. Guest, M.S.. .. Assistant in Horticulture IRRIGATION H. A. Wadsworth, B.S.. __ .._.... __ .. .. ._Irrigation Engineer PARASITOLOGY AND ZOOLOGY J. E. Alicata. Ph.D.. .. .. .. .. __ .. _.._.. __ Parasitologist C. J. Hamre, Ph.D...... .. .... Zoologist and Histologist PLANT PATHOLOGY G. K. Parris, Ph.D.._.. .. .. .. Plant Pathologist :K. Kikuta, B.S.. .. .. Assistant in Plant Pathology PLANT PHYSIOLOGY H. F. Clements, Ph.D.... __ ........ Plant Physiologist E. K. Akamine, B.S.. Assistant in Plant Physiology H. G. Heggeness, B.S.. Graduate Assistant POULTRY HUSBANDRY C. M. Bice, B.S.._.. __ .. .. .. Poultry Husbandman PUBLICATIONS Kathleen W. Pierson, B.A.. .. .. __ .. .. .... __ .._.. Editor BRANCHES AND FARMS F. T. Murphy, B.S.. Superintendent, Haleakala Branch Station R. K. Pahau, B.S.. .. Superintendent, Kona Branch Station F. R. Mercado__ .. Foreman, Pensacola Branch Station M. L. McDougaL .. Foreman, Poamoho Farm 1 Absent on leave. HAWAII AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION of the UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII BULLETIN No. 82 GRASSES OF THE HAWAIIAN RANGES by L. D. WHITNEY, Assistant Agronomist E. Y. HOSAKA, Collaborator J. C. RIPPERTON, Agronomist HONOLULU, T. H. Issued May 1939 Second Printing, December 1964 The work reported herein was conducted jointly by the University of Hawaii and the United States Depart­ ment ofAgriculture at the Hawaii Agricultural Experi­ ment Station. Published with the approval of the Chief, Office of Experiment Stations, United States Department of Agriculture. We regret to record the death of the senior author of this publication, Mr. Leo D. Whitney, on Novem­ ber 7, 1937. CONTENTS PAGE Introduction 5 Key to the tribes.............................................................................................................. 7 Description of the tribes and keys to the genera.................................................. 9 Description of genera and species............................................................................ 13 Native countries and dates of introduction 125 Glossary of botanical terms 137 Index to grass species 143 INTRODUCTION The Hawaiian rancher is confronted with an ever-increasing num­ ber of grasses which have become established on the range. Some of them are relatively widespread and commonly known. Others are of recent introduction and are being propagated in newly plowed and planted fattening paddocks. Some are little-known native species which oftentimes occur in surprisingly localized areas. A few are serious pests. There are available a number of sources of information regarding range grasses. Of a purely taxonomic nature are Hitchcock's "The Grasses of Hawaii,"a "Manual of the Grasses of the West Indies,'" and "Manual of the Grasses of the United States."11 Two bulletins6• 7 have been issued by the Hawaii Experiment Station, which discuss grasses from the standpoint of their occurrence and value on the range. As part of a vegetative survey of the local ranches made by Mr. Hosaka (1936-37), collections were made of many grasses now estab­ lished on the range which are not described in previous publications from Hawaii. The present bulletin describes and illustrates 103 of the most important grasses in Hawaii. Very few of the native species are common on the range, the introduced species being of far greater importance' both in point of number and of forage value. There are many grasses, either recently introduced or slow to be­ come acclimatized, that have not yet established themselves on the ranges; these are not here included. Species that are found' outside the general range areas, as in summit bogs, forest reserves~ and national parks, are also omitted. Keys to the tribes and genera are based on the publications men­ tioned above. The genera are arranged in alphabetic order. The de­ scriptions of the grasses are two-fold: first, a technical description • HITCHCOCK, A. S., THE GRASSES OF' HAWAII, Memoirs Bernice P. Bishop Museum, 8 :101-230, ilIus. 1922. • HITCHCOCK, A. S., MANUAl, OF' THJ;: GRASSES OF' THE WEST INDIES, U. S. Dept. of Agr. Misc. Pub. 243, 439 pp., ilIus. 1936. • HITCHCOCK, A. S., MANUAl, OF' THJ;: GRASSES oF' THE UNITED STATES, U. S. Dept. Agr. Misc. Pub. 200, 1,040 pp., illus. 1935. "MCCLELLAND, C. K., GRASSES AND F'ORAGJ;: PLANTS OF' HAWAII, Hawaii Agr. Expt. Sta. But. 36, 42 pp., ilIus. 1915. • RrPPERTON, ]. C., GO:i'"F', R. A., EDWARDS, D. W., and DAVIS, W. C., RANGi GRASSES OF' HAWAII, Hawaii Agr. Expt. Sta. But. 65,38 pp., ilIus. 1933. 6 Bulletin 82, Hawaii Experiment Station given in fine print which is of use only to the botanist in identifying the species; and second, a popular description of the grass to which is added its origin, value in its native land, occurrence in Hawaii, nature of growth, and value on the range. The technical descriptions were, in the main, made from living plants and herbarium specimens. The information regarding the local value of the different species is the consensus of the various ranchers. To facilitate the use of the bulletin, each grass has been cross­ indexed according to its scientific name, its common name, and any synonyms for either. Technical terms have been eliminated as far as possible from the popular descriptions. A glossary is included which defines all technical terms used (page 135). On pages 126 to 134 is given all information available as to native countries and dates of introduction. The illustrations were drawn to show the growth habits of the plant as well as the enlarged flower parts. Some of these line drawings were copied, with slight modifications from reproductions in other publications, largely from the U. S. Department of Agriculture bulle­ tins. Others were made from living plants. ACKNOWLEDGMENT The writers take this opportunity to thank Mrs. Agnes Chase, Senior Botanist of the Bureau of Plant Industry, Washington, D. C., for going over the paper and making helpful suggestions; Dr. St~ John, Botanist, University of Hawaii, for reading the manuscript; and the ranchers of the Territory for their generous help with maps, guides, and other facilities. KEY TO THE TRIBES Spikelets 1- to many-flowered, the reduced florets, if any, above the perfect florets (except in Phalarideae) ; articulation usually above the glumes; spikelets usually more or less laterally compressed. Spikelets with 2 staminate, neuter, or rudimentary lemmas unlike and below the fertile lemma; no sterile or rudimentary florets above the terminal perfect floret PHALARIDEAE 7 Spikelets without sterile lemmas below the perfect floret. Spikelets I-flowered in groups, the groups racemose along a main axis, falling entire; lemma and palea thinner than the glumes ZOYSIEAE 5 Spikelets not as above. Spikelets sessile on a usually continuous rachis (disarticulating in Hordeum). Spikelets on opposite sides of the rachis; spike terminal, solitary.... ........................................................................................................ HORDEAE 2 Spikelets on one side of the rachis; spikes usually more than I, digitate or nearly so CHLORIDEAE 6 Spikelets pedicellate in open or contracted, sometimes spikelike panicles. Spike1ets I-flowered AGROSTIDEAE 4 Spikelets 2- to many-flowered. Glumes as long as the lowest floret, usually as long as the spike­ let; lemmas awned from the back (lemmas longer than the glumes and awnless in Sphenopholis) AVENEAE 3 Glumes shorter than the first floret; lemmas awnless or awned from the tip or from a bifid apex FESTuCEAE Spikelets with I perfect terminal floret (disregarding the staminate and neuter spikelets) and a sterile or staminate floret below, commonly represented by a sterile lemma only; first glume sometimes wanting; articulation below the spikelets, either in the pedicel, in the rachis, or at the base of a cluster of spikelets, the spikelets falling entire, singly, in groups, or together with joints of the rachis; spikelets, or at least the fruits, more or less dorsally compressed. Glumes membranaceous, the sterile lemma like the glumes in texture. Fertile lemma and palea thinner than the glumes, sterile lemma awned
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Flora of China 22: 645–646. 2006. 220. EREMOCHLOA Buse In
    Flora of China 22: 645–646. 2006. 220. EREMOCHLOA Buse in Miquel, Pl. Jungh. 357. 1854. 蜈蚣草属 wu gong cao shu Sun Bixing (孙必兴 Sun Bi-sin); Sylvia M. Phillips Perennial, tufted, stoloniferous or rhizomatous. Leaves mostly basal, leaf blades linear, flat or folded; ligule short, membranous. Inflorescence a single terminal raceme; raceme strongly flattened, spikelets overlapping along one side, disarticulating very tardily; rachis internodes narrowly clavate, nodes ciliate (in China), base truncate, sometimes with a low central peg. Sessile spikelet longer than rachis internode; lower glume elliptic-ovate to oblong, papery to leathery, 5–9-veined, marginally 2-keeled, keels pectinately spiny, often winged at apex; upper glume 3-veined, keeled along midvein, otherwise almost flat, often narrowly winged on lower keel; lower floret staminate, palea present; upper floret bisexual, upper lemma entire, awnless. Pedicelled spikelet absent or repre- sented by a small bristle; pedicel free from and longer than adjacent internode, subulate to narrowly ovoid or leaflike. Eleven species: India to SE Asia and Australia; five species in China. This genus is easily recognizable by its distinctive inflorescence. The solitary, terminal, 1-sided raceme of closely overlapping spikelets does not break up readily into segments, and most species have spikelets with conspicuous, long spines along their margins. 1a. Plant with elongate stolons or rhizomes; lower glume broadly winged at apex. 2a. Keels with very short inconspicuous spines ....................................................................................................... 1. E. ophiuroides 2b. Keels with long conspicuous spines ....................................................................................................................... 2. E. muricata 1b. Plant tufted; lower glume narrowly winged or wingless. 3a. Lower glume of sessile spikelet usually wingless, often pubescent on back ...........................................................
    [Show full text]
  • A Phylogeny of the Hubbardochloinae Including Tetrachaete (Poaceae: Chloridoideae: Cynodonteae)
    Peterson, P.M., K. Romaschenko, and Y. Herrera Arrieta. 2020. A phylogeny of the Hubbardochloinae including Tetrachaete (Poaceae: Chloridoideae: Cynodonteae). Phytoneuron 2020-81: 1–13. Published 18 November 2020. ISSN 2153 733 A PHYLOGENY OF THE HUBBARDOCHLOINAE INCLUDING TETRACHAETE (CYNODONTEAE: CHLORIDOIDEAE: POACEAE) PAUL M. PETERSON AND KONSTANTIN ROMASCHENKO Department of Botany National Museum of Natural History Smithsonian Institution Washington, D.C. 20013-7012 [email protected]; [email protected] YOLANDA HERRERA ARRIETA Instituto Politécnico Nacional CIIDIR Unidad Durango-COFAA Durango, C.P. 34220, México [email protected] ABSTRACT The phylogeny of subtribe Hubbardochloinae is revisited, here with the inclusion of the monotypic genus Tetrachaete, based on a molecular DNA analysis using ndhA intron, rpl32-trnL, rps16 intron, rps16- trnK, and ITS markers. Tetrachaete elionuroides is aligned within the Hubbardochloinae and is sister to Dignathia. The biogeography of the Hubbardochloinae is discussed, its origin likely in Africa or temperate Asia. In a previous molecular DNA phylogeny (Peterson et al. 2016), the subtribe Hubbardochloinae Auquier [Bewsia Gooss., Dignathia Stapf, Gymnopogon P. Beauv., Hubbardochloa Auquier, Leptocarydion Hochst. ex Stapf, Leptothrium Kunth, and Lophacme Stapf] was found in a clade with moderate support (BS = 75, PP = 1.00) sister to the Farragininae P.M. Peterson et al. In the present study, Tetrachaete elionuroides Chiov. is included in a phylogenetic analysis (using ndhA intron, rpl32- trnL, rps16 intron, rps16-trnK, and ITS DNA markers) in order to test its relationships within the Cynodonteae with heavy sampling of species in the supersubtribe Gouiniodinae P.M. Peterson & Romasch. Chiovenda (1903) described Tetrachaete Chiov. with a with single species, T.
    [Show full text]
  • CATALOGUE of the GRASSES of CUBA by A. S. Hitchcock
    CATALOGUE OF THE GRASSES OF CUBA By A. S. Hitchcock. INTRODUCTION. The following list of Cuban grasses is based primarily upon the collections at the Estaci6n Central Agron6mica de Cuba, situated at Santiago de las Vegas, a suburb of Habana. The herbarium includes the collections made by the members of the staff, particularly Mr. C. F. Baker, formerly head of the department of botany, and also the Sauvalle Herbarium deposited by the Habana Academy of Sciences, These specimens were examined by the writer during a short stay upon the island in the spring of 1906, and were later kindly loaned by the station authorities for a more critical study at Washington. The Sauvalle Herbarium contains a fairly complete set of the grasses col- lected by Charles Wright, the most important collection thus far obtained from Cuba. In addition to the collections at the Cuba Experiment Station, the National Herbarium furnished important material for study, including collections made by A. H. Curtiss, W. Palmer and J. H. Riley, A. Taylor (from the Isle of Pines), S. M. Tracy, Brother Leon (De la Salle College, Habana), and the writer. The earlier collections of Wright were sent to Grisebach for study. These were reported upon by Grisebach in his work entitled "Cata- logus Plant arum Cubensium," published in 1866, though preliminary reports appeared earlier in the two parts of Plantae Wrightianae. * During the spring of 1907 I had the opportunity of examining the grasses in the herbarium of Grisebach in Gottingen.6 In the present article I have, with few exceptions, accounted for the grasses listed by Grisebach in his catalogue of Cuban plants, and have appended a list of these with references to the pages in the body of this article upon which the species are considered.
    [Show full text]
  • Association of Unit Owners Contact List
    Association of Unit Owners Contact List Project Name/Number AOUO Designated Officer for Direct Contact/Mailing Address Management Company/Telephone Number `AKOKO AT HO`OPILI Reg.# 8073 1001 QUEEN Reg.# 7675 1001 WILDER EMILY PRESIDENT 1001 WILDER #305 HAWAIIAN PROPERTIES, LTD. Reg.# 5 WATERS HONOLULU HI 96822 8085399777 1010 WILDER RICHARD TREASURER 1010 WILDER AVE, OFFICE SELF MANAGED Reg.# 377 KENNEDY HONOLULU HI 96822 8085241961 1011 PROSPECT RICHARD PRESIDENT 1188 BISHOP ST STE 2503 CERTIFIED MANAGEMENT INC dba ASSOCI Reg.# 1130 CONRADT HONOLULU HI 96813 8088360911 1015 WILDER KEVIN PRESIDENT 1015 WILDER AVE #201 HAWAIIANA MGMT CO LTD Reg.# 1960 LIMA HONOLULU HI 96822 8085939100 1037 KAHUAMOKU VITA PRESIDENT 94-1037 KAHUAMOKU ST 3 CEN PAC PROPERTIES INC Reg.# 1551 VILI WAIPAHU HI 96797 8085932902 1040 KINAU PAUL PRESIDENT 1040 KINAU ST., #1206 HAWAIIAN PROPERTIES, LTD. Reg.# 527 FOX HONOLULU HI 96814 8085399777 1041 KAHUAMOKU ALAN PRESIDENT 94-1041 KAHUAMOKU ST 404 CEN PAC PROPERTIES INC Reg.# 1623 IGE WAIPAHU HI 96797 8085932902 1054 KALO PLACE JUANA PRESIDENT 1415 S KING ST 504 HAWAIIANA MGMT CO LTD Reg.# 5450 DAHL HONOLULU HI 96814 8085939100 1073 KINAU ANSON PRESIDENT 1073 KINAU ST 1003 HAWAIIANA MGMT CO LTD Reg.# 616 QUACH HONOLULU HI 96814 8085939100 1108 AUAHI TODD PRESIDENT 1240 ALA MOANA BLVD STE. 200 HAWAIIANA MGMT CO LTD Reg.# 7429 APO HONOLULU HI 96814 8085939100 1111 WILDER BRENDAN PRESIDENT 1111 WILDER AVE 7A HAWAIIAN PROPERTIES, LTD. Reg.# 228 BURNS HONOLULU HI 96822 8085399777 1112 KINAU LINDA Y SOLE OWNER 1112 KINAU ST PH SELF MANAGED Reg.# 1295 NAKAGAWA HONOLULU HI 96814 1118 ALA MOANA NICHOLAS PRESIDENT 1118 ALA MOANA BLVD., SUITE 200 HAWAIIANA MGMT CO LTD Reg.# 7431 VANDERBOOM HONOLULU HI 96814 8085939100 1133 WAIMANU ANNA PRESIDENT 1133 WAIMANU STREET, STE.
    [Show full text]
  • Notes on Grasses (Poaceae) in Hawai‘I: 2
    Records of the Hawaii Biological Survey for 2009 –2010. Edited by Neal L. Evenhuis & Lucius G. Eldredge. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers 110: 17 –22 (2011) Notes on grasses (Poaceae ) in Hawai‘i : 31. neil snoW (Hawaii Biological survey, Bishop museum, 1525 Bernice street, Honolulu, Hawai‘i, 96817-2704, Usa; email: [email protected] ) & G errit DaViDse (missouri Botanical Garden, P.o. Box 299, st. louis, missouri 63166-0299, Usa; email: [email protected] ) additional new records for the grass family (Poaceae) are reported for Hawai‘i, including five state records, three island records, one corrected island report, and one cultivated species showing signs of naturalization. We also point out minor oversights in need of cor - rection in the Flora of North America Vol. 25 regarding an illustration of the spikelet for Paspalum unispicatum . Herbarium acronyms follow thiers (2010). all cited specimens are housed at the Herbarium Pacificum (BisH) apart from one cited from the missouri Botanical Garden (mo) for Paspalum mandiocanum, and another from the University of Hawai‘i at mānoa (HaW) for Leptochloa dubia . Anthoxanthum odoratum l. New island record this perennial species, which is known by the common name vernalgrass, occurs natu - rally in southern europe but has become widespread elsewhere (allred & Barkworth 2007). of potential concern in Hawai‘i is the aggressive weedy tendency the species has shown along the coast of British columbia, canada, where it is said to be rapidly invad - ing moss-covered bedrock of coastal bluffs, evidently to the exclusion of native species (allred & Barkworth 2007). the species has been recorded previously on kaua‘i, moloka‘i, maui, and Hawai‘i (imada 2008).
    [Show full text]
  • Grass Genera in Townsville
    Grass Genera in Townsville Nanette B. Hooker Photographs by Chris Gardiner SCHOOL OF MARINE and TROPICAL BIOLOGY JAMES COOK UNIVERSITY TOWNSVILLE QUEENSLAND James Cook University 2012 GRASSES OF THE TOWNSVILLE AREA Welcome to the grasses of the Townsville area. The genera covered in this treatment are those found in the lowland areas around Townsville as far north as Bluewater, south to Alligator Creek and west to the base of Hervey’s Range. Most of these genera will also be found in neighbouring areas although some genera not included may occur in specific habitats. The aim of this book is to provide a description of the grass genera as well as a list of species. The grasses belong to a very widespread and large family called the Poaceae. The original family name Gramineae is used in some publications, in Australia the preferred family name is Poaceae. It is one of the largest flowering plant families of the world, comprising more than 700 genera, and more than 10,000 species. In Australia there are over 1300 species including non-native grasses. In the Townsville area there are more than 220 grass species. The grasses have highly modified flowers arranged in a variety of ways. Because they are highly modified and specialized, there are also many new terms used to describe the various features. Hence there is a lot of terminology that chiefly applies to grasses, but some terms are used also in the sedge family. The basic unit of the grass inflorescence (The flowering part) is the spikelet. The spikelet consists of 1-2 basal glumes (bracts at the base) that subtend 1-many florets or flowers.
    [Show full text]
  • Topographic History of the Maui Nui Complex, Hawai'i, and Its Implications for Biogeography1
    Topographic History ofthe Maui Nui Complex, Hawai'i, and Its Implications for Biogeography 1 Jonathan Paul Price 2,4 and Deborah Elliott-Fisk3 Abstract: The Maui Nui complex of the Hawaiian Islands consists of the islands of Maui, Moloka'i, Lana'i, and Kaho'olawe, which were connected as a single landmass in the past. Aspects of volcanic landform construction, island subsi­ dence, and erosion were modeled to reconstruct the physical history of this complex. This model estimates the timing, duration, and topographic attributes of different island configurations by accounting for volcano growth and subsi­ dence, changes in sea level, and geomorphological processes. The model indi­ cates that Maui Nui was a single landmass that reached its maximum areal extent around 1.2 Ma, when it was larger than the current island of Hawai'i. As subsi­ dence ensued, the island divided during high sea stands of interglacial periods starting around 0.6 Ma; however during lower sea stands of glacial periods, islands reunited. The net effect is that the Maui Nui complex was a single large landmass for more than 75% of its history and included a high proportion of lowland area compared with the contemporary landscape. Because the Hawaiian Archipelago is an isolated system where most of the biota is a result of in situ evolution, landscape history is an important detertninant of biogeographic pat­ terns. Maui Nui's historical landscape contrasts sharply with the current land­ scape but is equally relevant to biogeographical analyses. THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS present an ideal logic histories that can be reconstructed more setting in which to weigh the relative influ­ easily and accurately than in most regions.
    [Show full text]
  • Arundinelleae; Panicoideae; Poaceae)
    Bothalia 19, 1:45-52(1989) Kranz distinctive cells in the culm of ArundineUa (Arundinelleae; Panicoideae; Poaceae) EVANGELINA SANCHEZ*, MIRTA O. ARRIAGA* and ROGER P. ELLIS** Keywords: anatomy, Arundinella, C4, culm, distinctive cells, double bundle sheath, NADP-me ABSTRACT The transectional anatomy of photosynthetic flowering culms of Arundinella berteroniana (Schult.) Hitchc. & Chase and A. hispida (Willd.) Kuntze from South America and A. nepalensis Trin. from Africa is described and illustrated. The vascular bundles are arranged in three distinct rings, the outermost being external to a continuous sclerenchymatous band. Each of these peripheral bundles is surrounded by two bundle sheaths, a complete mestome sheath and an incomplete, outer, parenchymatous Kranz sheath, the cells of which contain large, specialized chloroplasts. Kranz bundle sheath extensions are also present. The chlorenchyma tissue is also located in this narrow peripheral zone and is interrupted by the vascular bundles and their associated sclerenchyma. Dispersed throughout the chlorenchyma are small groups of Kranz distinctive cells, identical in structure to the outer bundle sheath cells. No chlorenchyma cell is. therefore, more than two cells distant from a Kranz cell. The structure of the chlorenchyma and bundle sheaths indicates that the C4 photosynthetic pathway is operative in these culms. This study clearly demonstrates the presence of the peculiar distinctive cells in the culms as well as in the leaves of Arundinella. Also of interest is the presence of an inner bundle sheath in the vascular bundles of the culm whereas the bundles of the leaves possess only a single sheath. It has already been shown that Arundinella is a NADP-me C4 type and the anatomical predictor of a single Kranz sheath for NADP-me species, therefore, either does not hold in the culms of this genus or the culms are not NADP-me.
    [Show full text]
  • Title Exploring the Link Between Culture and Biodiversity in Sri Lanka
    Exploring the link between culture and biodiversity in Sri Title Lanka Author(s) Madduma Bandara, C. M. SANSAI : An Environmental Journal for the Global Citation Community (2009), 4: 1-23 Issue Date 2009-12 URL http://hdl.handle.net/2433/110021 Right Type Journal Article Textversion publisher Kyoto University Exploring the link between culture and biodiversity in Sri Lanka C. M. M699JB6 B6C96G6 Abstract: This paper highlights the importance of adopting culture-based strategies in addressing certain issues of environmental conservation and management in Sri Lanka, a country where links between nature and culture have historically been strong. It focuses on the link between culture and biodiversity in fields such as flora, fauna, ecosystems and local culture, which includes agriculture, lifestyles and place names. It also examines the policy significance of this focus, demonstrated most recently by the Sri Lankan government’s support for and promotion of recent initiatives to designate specific flowers as provincial floral emblems, issue biodiversity-themed postage stamps and retain the custom of using biodiversity-related place names. It is suggested that people’s traditional modes of interacting with and comprehending their natural environment may be fostered or harnessed through progressive government policy, not only in Sri Lanka but in other countries where traditional nature-based cultural practices continue to thrive. Keywords: Sri Lanka, culture and biodiversity, traditional knowledge, flora, fauna, ecosystems, agricultural biodiversity, place names, policy 1. Introduction 1.1 Why explore the relationship between culture and biodiversity? Nature conservation efforts in most countries have achieved only limited success, despite heavy investment. This suggests that some of the more commonly adopted and exclusively scientific, political, economic, or legislative strategies for nature conservation and environmental protection are not working effectively.
    [Show full text]
  • Jervis Bay Territory Page 1 of 50 21-Jan-11 Species List for NRM Region (Blank), Jervis Bay Territory
    Biodiversity Summary for NRM Regions Species List What is the summary for and where does it come from? This list has been produced by the Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities (SEWPC) for the Natural Resource Management Spatial Information System. The list was produced using the AustralianAustralian Natural Natural Heritage Heritage Assessment Assessment Tool Tool (ANHAT), which analyses data from a range of plant and animal surveys and collections from across Australia to automatically generate a report for each NRM region. Data sources (Appendix 2) include national and state herbaria, museums, state governments, CSIRO, Birds Australia and a range of surveys conducted by or for DEWHA. For each family of plant and animal covered by ANHAT (Appendix 1), this document gives the number of species in the country and how many of them are found in the region. It also identifies species listed as Vulnerable, Critically Endangered, Endangered or Conservation Dependent under the EPBC Act. A biodiversity summary for this region is also available. For more information please see: www.environment.gov.au/heritage/anhat/index.html Limitations • ANHAT currently contains information on the distribution of over 30,000 Australian taxa. This includes all mammals, birds, reptiles, frogs and fish, 137 families of vascular plants (over 15,000 species) and a range of invertebrate groups. Groups notnot yet yet covered covered in inANHAT ANHAT are notnot included included in in the the list. list. • The data used come from authoritative sources, but they are not perfect. All species names have been confirmed as valid species names, but it is not possible to confirm all species locations.
    [Show full text]
  • Introductory Grass Identification Workshop University of Houston Coastal Center 23 September 2017
    Broadleaf Woodoats (Chasmanthium latifolia) Introductory Grass Identification Workshop University of Houston Coastal Center 23 September 2017 1 Introduction This 5 hour workshop is an introduction to the identification of grasses using hands- on dissection of diverse species found within the Texas middle Gulf Coast region (although most have a distribution well into the state and beyond). By the allotted time period the student should have acquired enough knowledge to identify most grass species in Texas to at least the genus level. For the sake of brevity grass physiology and reproduction will not be discussed. Materials provided: Dried specimens of grass species for each student to dissect Jewelry loupe 30x pocket glass magnifier Battery-powered, flexible USB light Dissecting tweezer and needle Rigid white paper background Handout: - Grass Plant Morphology - Types of Grass Inflorescences - Taxonomic description and habitat of each dissected species. - Key to all grass species of Texas - References - Glossary Itinerary (subject to change) 0900: Introduction and house keeping 0905: Structure of the course 0910: Identification and use of grass dissection tools 0915- 1145: Basic structure of the grass Identification terms Dissection of grass samples 1145 – 1230: Lunch 1230 - 1345: Field trip of area and collection by each student of one fresh grass species to identify back in the classroom. 1345 - 1400: Conclusion and discussion 2 Grass Structure spikelet pedicel inflorescence rachis culm collar internode ------ leaf blade leaf sheath node crown fibrous roots 3 Grass shoot. The above ground structure of the grass. Root. The below ground portion of the main axis of the grass, without leaves, nodes or internodes, and absorbing water and nutrients from the soil.
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogeny and Subfamilial Classification of the Grasses (Poaceae) Author(S): Grass Phylogeny Working Group, Nigel P
    Phylogeny and Subfamilial Classification of the Grasses (Poaceae) Author(s): Grass Phylogeny Working Group, Nigel P. Barker, Lynn G. Clark, Jerrold I. Davis, Melvin R. Duvall, Gerald F. Guala, Catherine Hsiao, Elizabeth A. Kellogg, H. Peter Linder Source: Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, Vol. 88, No. 3 (Summer, 2001), pp. 373-457 Published by: Missouri Botanical Garden Press Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/3298585 Accessed: 06/10/2008 11:05 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp. JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtained prior permission, you may not download an entire issue of a journal or multiple copies of articles, and you may use content in the JSTOR archive only for your personal, non-commercial use. Please contact the publisher regarding any further use of this work. Publisher contact information may be obtained at http://www.jstor.org/action/showPublisher?publisherCode=mobot. Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printed page of such transmission. JSTOR is a not-for-profit organization founded in 1995 to build trusted digital archives for scholarship. We work with the scholarly community to preserve their work and the materials they rely upon, and to build a common research platform that promotes the discovery and use of these resources. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected].
    [Show full text]