Masarykova Univerzita V Brně Lékařská Fakulta VÝSKYT AEROMONÁD V KLINICKÉM MATERIÁLU a PROSTŘEDÍ Bakalářská Práce

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Masarykova Univerzita V Brně Lékařská Fakulta VÝSKYT AEROMONÁD V KLINICKÉM MATERIÁLU a PROSTŘEDÍ Bakalářská Práce Masarykova univerzita v Brně Lékařská fakulta VÝSKYT AEROMONÁD V KLINICKÉM MATERIÁLU A PROSTŘEDÍ Bakalářská práce v oboru zdravotní laborant Vedoucí bakalářské práce: Autor: Doc. RNDr. Ivo Sedláček, CSc. Eva Kroupová Brno, duben 2012 Jméno a příjmení autora: Eva Kroupová Název bakalářské práce: Výskyt aeromonád v klinickém materiálu a prostředí Pracoviště: MU, Ústav experimentální biologie, Česká sbírka mikroorganismů Vedoucí bakalářské práce: Doc. RNDr. Ivo Sedláček, CSc. Rok obhajoby bakalářské práce: 2012 Souhrn: Ve své práci se věnuji popisu rodu Aeromonas, jejich možnostem izolace a identifikace, která je důležitá zejména v klinické humánní medicíně. Klíčová slova: rod Aeromonas, identifikace, aeromonádové infekce Souhlasím, aby práce byla půjčována ke studijním účelům a byla citována dle platných norem. Prohlašuji, že jsem bakalářskou práci vypracovala samostatně pod vedením Doc. RNDr. Ivo Sedláčka, CSc. a uvedla jsem v seznamu literatury všechny odborné a literární zdroje. V Brně dne…………. ………………………………… (vlastnoruční podpis autora) Ráda bych poděkovala Doc. RNDr. Ivo Sedláčkovi, CSc. za cenné odborné rady a pomoc, kterou mi věnoval při psaní této práce. Seznam zkratek a symbolů bv. biovar DNA deoxyribonukleová kyselina PCR polymerázová řetězová reakce RNA ribonukleová kyselina spp více druhů téhož rodu (bez bližší specifikace) subsp subspecies (poddruh) TCŽS thiosulfát-citrát-žluč-sacharóza agar + pozitivní reakce - negativní reakce v variabilní realce Obsah 1. Úvod .................................................................................................................. 9 2. Cíl práce ............................................................................................................ 9 3. Taxonomie rodu Aeromonas .............................................................................. 10 3.1 Historie ....................................................................................................... 10 3.2 Současnost .................................................................................................. 10 3.2.1 Fylogenetické zařazení ........................................................................ 10 3.3 Charakteristika rodu Aeromonas ................................................................ 12 3.3.1 Základní charakteristika....................................................................... 12 4. Charakteristika jednotlivých druhů rodu Aeromonas ......................................... 14 4.1 Aeromonas allosaccharophila ................................................................... 14 4.2 Aeromonas aquariorum ............................................................................. 14 4.3 Aeromonas bestiarum ................................................................................ 14 4.4 Aeromonas bivalvium ................................................................................ 14 4.5 Aeromonas caviae ..................................................................................... 14 4.6 „Aeromonas culicicola“ ........................................................................... 14 4.7 Aeromonas diversa .................................................................................... 15 4.8 Aeromonas encheleia ................................................................................ 15 4.9 Aeromonas enteropelogenes ..................................................................... 15 4.10 Aeromonas eucrenophila ........................................................................... 15 4.11 Aeromonas fluvialis ................................................................................... 15 4.12 Aeromonas hydrophila .............................................................................. 15 4.12.1 Aeromonas hydrophila subsp. anaerogenes ....................................... 16 4.12.2 Aeromonas hydrophila subsp. dhakensis ........................................... 16 4.12.3 Aeromonas hydrophila subsp. hydrophila .......................................... 16 4.12.4 „Aeromonas hydrophila subsp. proteolytica“ .................................... 16 4.12.5 Aeromonas hydrophila subsp. ranae .................................................. 16 4.13 „Aeromonas ichtiosmia“ .......................................................................... 16 4.14 Aeromonas jandaei .................................................................................... 17 4.15 Aeromonas media ...................................................................................... 17 - 6 - 4.16 Aeromonas molluscorum ........................................................................... 17 4.17 Aeromonas piscicola ................................................................................. 17 4.18 Aeromonas popoffii ................................................................................... 17 4.19 „Aeromonas punctata“ ............................................................................. 17 4.19.1 „Aeromonas punctata subsp. caviae“ ................................................ 18 4.19.2 „Aeromonas punctata subsp. punctata“ ............................................ 18 4.20 Aeromonas rivuli ....................................................................................... 18 4.21 Aeromonas salmonicida ............................................................................ 18 4.21.1 Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. achromogenes .................................. 18 4.21.2 Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. masoucida ........................................ 18 4.21.3 Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. pectinolytica .................................... 18 4.21.4 Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida ..................................... 19 4.21.5 Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. smithia ............................................. 19 4.22 Aeromonas sanarellii................................................................................. 19 4.23 Aeromonas schubertii ................................................................................ 19 4.24 „Aeromonas sharmana“ ........................................................................... 19 4.25 Aeromonas simiae ..................................................................................... 19 4.26 Aeromonas sobria ..................................................................................... 19 4.27 Aeromonas taiwanensis ............................................................................. 20 4.28 Aeromonas tecta ........................................................................................ 20 4.29 „Aeromonas trota“ ................................................................................... 20 4.30 Aeromonas veronii .................................................................................... 20 5. Izolace a identifikace aeromonád ........................................................................ 21 5.1 Izolace aeromonád ..................................................................................... 21 5.2 Identifikace aeromonád .............................................................................. 22 5.2.1 Zkumavkové a miskové testy (klasické testy) .................................... 22 5.2.2 Fenotypová identifikace pomocí komerčních mikrotestů ................... 24 5.2.2.1 Mikrotesty firmy Erba Lachema .................................................... 24 5.2.2.2 Testy firmy BioMèrieux ................................................................. 25 5.2.2.3 Systém Biolog ................................................................................ 25 5.2.3 Druhová identifikace mikroorganismů hmotnostní spektrometrií MALDI-TOF ...................................................................................... 26 5.2.4 Analýza celkových buněčných proteinů ............................................ 27 - 7 - 5.2.5 Genotypová identifikace .................................................................... 28 5.2.5.1 Ribotypizace .................................................................................. 28 5.2.5.2 rep-PCR .......................................................................................... 30 5.2.5.3 multiplex-PCR ............................................................................... 31 6. Infekce způsobené aeromonádami ...................................................................... 32 6.1 Humánní infekce Aeromonas spp. .............................................................. 32 6.1.1 Gastrointestinální infekce ..................................................................... 32 6.1.2 Extraintestinální infekce ...................................................................... 33 6.1.2.1 Septikémie .................................................................................... 33 6.1.2.2 Infekce kůže a měkkých tkání ...................................................... 33 6.1.2.3 Infekce oka ................................................................................... 34 6.1.2.4 Močové infekce ............................................................................ 34 6.1.2.5 Hemolyticko-uremický syndrom ................................................. 34 6.1.2.6 Respirační infekce ........................................................................ 34 6.1.2.7 Infekce dutiny břišní .................................................................... 34 6.1.2.8 Další infekce ................................................................................. 35 6.2 Aeromonas spp.
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