The Knight Magazine November 2017 1 NOVEMBER 2017 A DISCUSSION ABOUT GUN OWNERSHIP THE KNIGHT MAGAZINE

Spirit Week! The Science Behind Happiness A Look At “Soaring Valor”

PLUS: Student Spotlight on Photography Girls Golf & Boys Varsity Water Polo Letter from the Editors Hello, fellow students. We want to thank you for such a positive reception to our first issue of the Knight Magazine this year. We have been working non-stop since the previous magazine was published, and hope that you enjoy this one as much as its predecessor. In this issue we tackle issues like gun ownership, the ever-threatening opioid epidemic, and the increase of American troops in Afghanistan. On the lighter side, we hope you enjoy the Spirit Week pictorial put together by the new Publications Club, as well as some Thanksgiving recipes. It is no secret that a lot has happened since our last update. Between the tragic massacre in Las Vegas, the many hurricanes that have pummeled American shores, and a Dodgers World Series loss in Game 7, just to name a few events. As your Editors-in-Chief, we continue to try to promote healthy debate within our student body. For stories published more frequently, visit our school blog at ndhsmedia.com. If you want to be a part of this Notre Dame Publications mission, please see Mrs. Landinguin or Mrs. Moulton in room 40.

Your Editors, Bridget Gehan ‘18 and Maria Thomas ‘18 THE KNIGHT MAGAZINE

BRIDGET GEHAN ‘18 CO-EDITOR-IN-CHIEF MARIA THOMAS ‘18 CO-EDITOR-IN-CHIEF

MARIA GUINNIP ‘20 Staff Writer BLATHNAID HEANEY ‘19 Staff Writer ASHWIN MILLS ‘18 Staff Writer SARAH O’BRIEN ‘19 Staff Writer DOMINIC PALOSZ ‘18 Staff Writer DANI POSIN ‘18 Staff Writer ALLYSON ROCHE ‘19 Staff Writer EVIN SANTANA ‘19 Staff Writer CHRISTINA SHIRLEY ‘18 Staff Writer

MRS. SABRINA LANDINGUIN Faculty Adviser MRS. BETH MOULTON Faculty Adviser MR. ROB THOMAS Vice-Principal of Student Activities MRS. SHANNON KOBIELUSZ Vice-Principal of Instruction and Supervision MRS. ALICE COTTI Principal MR. BRETT LOWART President

The Knight Magazine is the student magazine of Notre Dame High School, a Catholic college preparatory school in the Holy Cross tradition, that educates the hearts and minds of students who are diverse in talent, ethnicity and society. Any signed editorials reflect the views of the writer and not necessarily the views of the editors or of the school’s administration. Letters to the editors are encouraged and may be emailed to [email protected] or dropped off in the Burns Building, Room 40. Letters must be signed, and the editors reserve the right to edit any letter to conform to the standards of The Knight Magazine. Any advertisements in the magazine are not necessarily an endorsement from either the editors or Notre Dame High School. The Knight Magazine November 2017 1 THE KNIGHT MAGAZINE THISISSUE How Did We Get Here? The growing opioid addiction crisis in 2 America. Should Private Citizens Be Allowed to Have Guns? The Power to 4 Kill vs. Our Inalienable Right The Rap Battle Explicit content aside, not all rap music sends 6 a negative message. Deployment Spike The Increased United States presence in 8 Afghanistan due to continuing conflicts. NAFTA: The Great Exchange As NAFTA is being renegotiated, 10 what are some of the things we need to know? America’s Greatest Generation Soaring Valor: Ensuring that the 11 sacrifices of America’s defenders and their families are never forgotten.

14 Spirit Week A pictorial of a week of whimsical fun! From Our Table to Yours Recipies from different cultures often joins the 16 menus of the traditional American feast. Happily Ever After . . . Science, nurturing the soul, and achieving 18 happiness. The Roots of Modern Slang Decoding the language of Notre Dame 20 students.

23 Student Art A look at the work of Mr. Lee’s art classes. Student Spotlight Meet Savanah Hwang ‘20 and Esteban Zamora- 24 Juarez ‘18

25 Fun Corner Crossword puzzle and meme.

It takes a team. The Girls Golf team, that is. On the Cover: Teachers 26 Putting in Effort take part in Spirit Week field games. (Photo by Mrs. 28 Sink or Swim Boys Varsity Water Polo caps off a good season. Landinguin) 2 The Knight Magazine November 2017

The opioid drug carfentanil, fentanyl for short, is at the center of a national prescription drug crisis today. (Photo by Philip Montgomery) How Did We Get Here? The growing OPIOID ADDICTION crisis in America BY: ALLYSON ROCHE ‘19 In July, I attended Politicon, “a convention for tens of thousands of people including children, parents, and political nerds” in Pasadena, California. CNN’s Senior grandparents of almost every race and socioeconomic class. Political Correspondent Brianna Keilar moderated a In June 2017, the National Institute on Drug Abuse panel and discussed the opioid epidemic. The discussion reported that 90 Americans die from an opioid overdose was between Keilar and two experts, including author every single day. Even though the public will not know the and journalist Sam Quinones, a man who spent years total number of deaths until December, The Centers for documenting the struggles and pain that opioid addiction Disease Control Prevention has already reported 62,700 brings to Americans, and a mother named Jodi Barber, deaths caused by opioid overdoses in 2016, making it the whose 19-year-old son died of an overdose. Keilar said leading cause of death for Americans under 50. that people like Jodi Barber are “really out there on the More Americans have died from an opioid overdose cutting edge, trying to help people make sure that this is than in the Iraq and Afghanistan Wars combined. something that doesn’t happen to them. That maybe it is In some counties, there is not a person who has something that their children can prevent having to go not been affected by the epidemic in some form. These through.” horrifying statistics lead Americans to ask one question: When occupied with the problems around the world, How did we get here? we tend to forget the many crises taking place on our soil. The epidemic began in the 1990s when those in After hearing in detail, about the horrendous torture of the medical community were informed that painkiller opioid addiction that hurts Americans, I immediately began medication (opioids including oxycodone, heroin, researching the crisis. morphine, and fentanyl) were not addictive. Thus, doctors The epidemic does not discriminate and has killed began prescribing the medication to patients. Today, many The Knight Magazine November 2017 3 people become addicted when their doctor prescribes them class whites living in rural areas, the epidemic crosses all the medication. However, others become addicted illegally. socioeconomic lines, even reaching households in Los The opioids are now on the streets, because people are Angeles, affecting Notre Dame students. selling the drugs they receive with a legal prescription. Ashwin Mills ‘18 said, “I always imagined hard drugs According to the U.S. Department of Health and like meth, heroin, or cocaine would be the real killers, but Human Services, from 1999 to 2010, the number of seeing someone in my family die of a simple prescription opioid prescriptions increased by 400%, leading to more was a wakeup call.” Mills’s cousin was a Calvin Klein prescriptions than people in numerous counties. More than model in his mid-20s when he overdosed on opioids and 289 million prescriptions were written for opioid drugs in died just 2 months ago. 2016. At Politicon, Brianna Keilar concluded her discussion There is not a state in the U.S. that has avoided by asking audience members to raise their hands if they this crisis, however, some have been hit harder than have been affected by the opioid crisis—either having others. Alaska, Arizona, Florida, Virginia, Maryland, and had an addiction themselves or having known someone Massachusetts have officially called the epidemic a “state struggling with opioids. She wondered if the crisis extended of emergency.” to Los Angeles, my home city, in the dramatic numbers that Certain counties in Ohio and West Virginia hold the it did other parts of the country. I twisted my head to catch title of the most deaths. In a CNN special report conducted a glimpse of the room and was utterly speechless. About by Poppy Harlow, Dr. Kent Harshbagar, a coroner in 85% of the audience sat stoically in plastic, white folding Montgomery County, Ohio, said the “morgue freezers are chairs as they each stretched an arm to the ceiling, every overflowing” with bodies. He has had to perform autopsies hand representing a loved one’s lost battle. on victims as young as 13 months, because of they were The chilling statistics have motivated a number of exposed to their parent’s use of opioids including fentanyl. Americans to call on Congress, urging them to pressure NBC News reported that fentanyl is fifty times pharmaceutical companies to reduce the number of opioids stronger than heroin. produced and distributed. Others, like artist St. Vincent, After searching a car belonging to a suspected drug announced that she will be donating $1 from each ticket dealer, a police officer in Ohio made his way back to sold on her Fear the Future Tour to leading organizations the police station. Upon arriving, he noticed small white that provide “prevention, treatment, and resources to [help flakes on his shirt, and brushed them off. An hour later, with] opioid addiction.” he overdosed. After using 4 doses of Narcan to revive the If you feel compelled to reduce the number of deaths, officer, he later learned that the flakes on his uniform were you can donate to organizations that help treat addiction, fentanyl, and it had gotten into his blood system. Many such as Shatterproof. people overdose and die the first time they try fentanyl Our governors, representatives, and senators can play because of its incredibly strong effects. an important role in pushing back against pharmaceutical A number of opioids, including fentanyl, are not only companies and establishing more places for treatment. An being abused by those with prescriptions, but are making effective way to bring attention to issues that concern you their way onto the streets. Street-made, illegal, and non is to call your representatives and senators. You can connect prescribed fentanyl continues to grow more deadly, as it is with your elected officials by calling the congressional commonly laced in heroin. switchboard at (202) 224-3121. Although the most common victims include working

BY THE NUMBERS • 90 Americans die of an opioid overdose everyday. • There were 62,700 opioid overdose related deaths reported in 2016. • More than 289 million opioid prescriptions were written in 2016. • More than 6 out of 10 drug overdose deaths are caused by opioids. • Fentanyl is 50 times stronger than heroin. • From 1999-2010, there was a 400% increase in opioid prescriptions written by doctors. nhpr.org 4 The Knight Magazine November 2017 SHOULD PRIVATE CITIZENS BE ALLOWED TO OWN GUNS? THE POWER TO KILL

BY: MARIA THOMAS ‘18

On September 14, 2017, four-year-old Yanelly the establishment of a national instant criminal background “Nelly” Zoller reached into her grandmother’s purse, check system to be contacted by firearms dealers before searching for a piece of candy. Within moments, Nelly had the transfer of any firearm. The “National Instant Check accidentally pulled the trigger of her grandma’s handgun, System” checks that are still in use today. These NICS shooting herself in the chest. The toddler was pronounced checks determine which people are unfit for purchasing dead from the chest wound, which perforated her lungs, firearms (felons, the mentally-ill, addicts, illegal- aorta and esophagus (Keating). immigrants, etc.). According to Florida law, “a person who stores . . . a According to the NRA, “there are two types of sales: loaded firearm . . . and who knows...that a minor is likely those that go through FFL dealers, and private sellers”. to gain access to the firearm . . . shall keep the firearm in While federally licensed gun sellers are required to run a securely locked box or container,” (Title XLVI, Ch. 790, background checks on customers, private sellers are free to Sec. 174). sell to anyone. The law states that there is one exception, however: As scary as the idea of a private seller is, the “When the person is carrying the firearm on his or her body background checks used by federally licensed gun sellers or within such close proximity thereto.” are not much more selective. Nelly’s grandmother Christie Zoller, who legally The New York Times reported that a “vast majority owned the gun, was not breaking any laws. Regardless, of guns used in 17 recent mass shootings . . . were bought her legal right to own and carry a gun resulted in the death legally and with a federal background check. At least eight of an innocent loved one. This accident was not Christie’s gunmen had criminal histories or documented mental health fault, but rather, the fault of a nation who permits private problems that did not prevent them from obtaining their ownership of firearms. weapons” (Buchanan). Following the recent Las Vegas attack, America’s Many gun-rights activists quote the Second deadliest mass shooting in history, and more recently, Amendment, which states that “A well regulated Militia, the church shooting in Sutherland Springs, Texas, the being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of conversation of gun control has been reignited. the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed” There are two crucial pieces of legislation currently (U.S. Const. am. 2). What is often overlooked is the time at enacted that must be understood in order to discuss gun which this amendment was ratified: 1791. control and the dangers of privately owned and legally sold Rather than assault weapons with highly lethal bullets, firearms. guns of the time were single-shot, muzzle-loading weapons The first is the Gun Control Act (GCA) of 1968 which firing low-velocity lead balls. Furthermore, at that time, controls the interstate commerce of firearms by prohibiting having a citizen militia was an essential element of national interstate firearms transfers except among licensed defense. manufacturers, dealers and importers. These two outdated conditions turn the Second The GCA was later amended in 1994 by the Brady Amendment into a question of context. Although the bill Handgun Violence Prevention Act, an act to provide for a made perfect sense in 1791, it has no place in 21st century waiting period before the purchase of a handgun, and for America. [See Power to Kill, 21] The Knight Magazine November 2017 5 SHOULD PRIVATE CITIZENS BE ALLOWED TO OWN GUNS? OUR INALIENABLE RIGHT

BY: BRIDGET GEHAN ‘18

After losing her husband on Christmas a few days students polled believed that guns should not be illegal, before, Sarah McKinley of Blanchard, Oklahoma was but require stricter laws - making all guns illegal won’t awakened by a commotion in her house. Terrified, she change the violence in our country; it’s about the people, called 911 and was told to hide away for her safety; but not the guns. Some people claim that the only way to solve McKinley wasn’t the only person living in the house. this issue is to take the guns away from the ‘problematic Knowing she had no other choice, McKinley slowly walked people,’ but the death caused by guns would only shift to to the source of the noise and suddenly was confronted death caused by other means. by an intruder wielding a 12-inch knife and threatening The World Health Organization (WHO) noted that her life and the life of McKinley’s 3-month-old baby. But, lax regulation on firearms “has been associated with higher McKinley had a shotgun and shot the threatening intruder, firearm mortality rates,” but not all deaths. According to a killing him, scaring away a secondary intruder and saving paper published by the Brady Campaign, 31,537 Americans her and her infant son’s life (Stebner). die from a gunshot wound annually. A majority of these The man who broke into McKinley’s home had people committed suicide, and the second highest cause of already killed two of her pet dogs, and planned to kill her death was murder. and her son. As much as we would like to think controlling guns McKinley was not threatened by a gun; in fact the gun would change these statistics, it would only change the saved her. Imagine the tragedy that would have occurred if cause of death. McKinley didn’t have a gun to protect herself and no other A study by Harvard University found that, “denying way of saving her little baby. on particular means to people who are motivated to hurt Despite the negative consequences of private gun themselves or others by social, economic, cultural, or other ownership, the power and protection that they promise circumstances simply pushes them to other means… there outweigh the potential danger. is no social benefit in decreasing the availability of guns Private citizens should be allowed to own guns. if the result is only to increase the use of other means of Historically, the complete prohibition of against suicide and murder, resulting in more or less the same anything (including of guns) has never been fully effective. amount of death” (“Global Efforts”, Kates) The prohibition of alcohol in the 1920s did not Besides the researched, scientific proof of the work, drug prohibition in the 1910s did not work, and gun ineffectiveness, the Second Amendment in the Bill of prohibition will not work today. Rights states: “A well regulated Militia, being necessary to In the United Kingdom, all guns are outlawed and, the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep six years after the ban was first instituted, the rate of gun and bear arms, shall not be infringed.” violence had more than doubled, and 20 years later, the We do not have a militia as was present during the rate had risen by almost 90%. A similar law was enacted American Revolution era when this was written, but the in Australia in 1997, and like in the UK, gun violence rose rest of the statement remains as true as it did then. after imposing the ban: murders rose by 19% and armed Guns are available for our protection, not our robberies rose by 69% (“Global Efforts”). destruction. In a recent survey of Notre Dame Seniors, 100% of While gun violence is a problem, a majority of gun [See Inalienable Right, 21] 6 The Knight Magazine November 2017 The Rap Battle

Rap music: Explicit content aside, not all rap music sends a negative message.

BY: MARIA GUINNIP ‘20

Rap is considered to be one of the most controversial Some of these songs inform listeners about the harsh forms of music and yet, along with Hip-Hop/R&B, it is the realities of the world and the amount of damage we are able most popular genre in the United States. to inflict on others and ourselves. The genre of rap has had a checkered history with A study from Cambridge University’s Department profanity and subject matter that has caused parental of Psychology suggests that rap music can benefit those advisory warning labels to be required. But should a experiencing mental health issues. song be automatically deemed a bad influence because it The study claims that lyrics which speak of contains explicit content? overcoming hardships and struggles offer a refuge and Many students and parents agree that rap music has a emotional outlet for the desperate. negative influence on young people because of its frequent Nikole Scillitani ‘20 believes this. One of her favorite use of profanity, references to abusive substances, and songs is “1-800-273-8255” by rapper Logic. The title of the glorification of an immoral lifestyle. song references the phone number of the National Suicide While this is definitely true, the genre as a whole Prevention Lifeline. This sincere rap takes the audience cannot be discredited, and society needs to recognize that into the mind of someone who calls the hotline because there are rap artists who have stayed true to the original he cannot cope with his immense depression and suicidal purpose of this musical form. thoughts. The genre of rap originates from the African oral I been on the low tradition. According to Becky Blanchard, a writer for I been taking my time EDGE (Ethics of Development in a Global Environment) I feel like I’m out of my mind “[This connection] provides rap with much of its current It feel like my life ain’t mine social significance, [and] roots rap in a long-standing Who can relate? history of oral historians, lyrical fetishism, and political I been on the low advocacy… [Today] rap has developed [into] a form of I been taking my time resistance to the subjugation of working-class African- I feel like I’m out of my mind Americans in urban centers. Though it may be seen It feel like my life ain’t mine primarily as a form of entertainment, rap has a powerful I don’t wanna be alive potential to address social, economic, and political issues I don’t wanna be alive and act as a unifying voice for its audience.” I just wanna die today Modern rappers use their music as a way to promote individual empowerment or even a warning to listeners. The Knight Magazine November 2017 7

[Logic & Alessia Cara:] The message about injustice is clear and the anguish of the victims is palpable, but does the message become I know where you been, where you are, lost in the foul language? where you goin’ I know you’re the reason I believe in life Damn, why the fuck are they after me? Maybe cause What’s the day without a little night? I’m a bastard I’m just tryna shed a little light Or maybe cause of the way my hair grow naturally It can be hard Still tryna figure out, why the fuck I’m full of rage It can be so hard I think I noticed this bullshit right around the fifth But you gotta live right now grade You got everything to give right now Paraphernalia in my locker right next to the switch blade “[This song] has an amazing message. I love the Nothing but pussy on my mind and some plans of progression of the song and how he gets in touch with getting paid himself and his audience,” said Scillintani. This is a rap But I’m a product of the system raised on government that offers hope and encourages individuals to make a aid phone call to get the help and support they need. It should And I knew just how to react when it was time for that be noted that Logic’s rap is also devoid of vulgar language raid . . . except for one word. Some of us was unbalanced but some us used our Unfortunately, not all rap music is clean, the message talents, shit of the song frequently being overshadowed by a barage of Not all of us criminals but cops be yelling, “Stay back foul language. nigga!” One such song is “Animals” by Dr. Dre, a protest We need a little bit of payback song that raises awareness about the way African- Don’t treat me like an animal cause all this shit is Americans in Compton and America in general are being flammable mistreated, with police resorting to violence and other Don’t fuck around cause when it’s done it’s done inhumane acts in situations that do not warrant the force. (Fuck you!)

Bullets still ringing, blood on the cement Is the vulgar language gratuitous? Is the call to Black folks grieving, headlines reading respond to violence and injustice with violence acceptable? Tryna pay it no mind, you just living your life Some would call it verisimilitude. Regardless, one cannot Everyone is a witness, everyone got opinions deny the powerful message being communicated—one that Got a son of my own, look him right in his eyes aims to heighten awareness of a great injustice. I ain’t living in fear, but I’m holding him tight Rap music is a part of our culture. Although it can Got a son of my own, look him right in his eyes contain some unacceptable language and can describe I ain’t living in fear, but I’m holding him tight questionable modes of behavior, it can also have a positive message.

Changes Glory by Tupac by Common “Let’s change the way “When it go down we eat we woman and Let’s change the way man up we live They say, “Stay And let’s change the down”, and we way we treat each stand up other The biggest weapon You see the old way is to stay peaceful twitter.com wasn’t workin’ We sing, our music is wildandmarr.co.za So it’s on us to do what we gotta do to survive” the cuts that we bleed through” 8 The Knight Magazine November 2017 Deployment Spike The increased United States presence in Afghanistan due to continuing conflicts.

BY: BLATHNAID HEANEY ‘19 Thousands of troops have been deployed into Afghanistan with the intent of being the final mission to end the decades of violence. The war in Afghanistan began following the aftermath of the 9/11 terrorist attacks when President Bush learned that the Taliban, then the political leaders of Afghanistan, were sheltering al Qaeda. Though the initial intent of the mission was to dismantle the Taliban, it became apparent that more was necessary. A stable government would be required when the US leave the country or other terrorist group may take control. Thus, efforts were made to help. However, anti-terrorism remained the primary concern of the US. Thus, the Afghan government and Jim Mattis, the United States Secretary of Defense, plans to send military remained in need of US assistance. 4,000 more troops in the Resolute Support Mission to help the When President Obama assumed leadership, he began Afghan Military force. (Photo by Getty Pictures) to withdraw troops from Afghanistan. The withdrawal ended when the Afghan government continually needed Kabul, Afghanistan, Mattis announced: help. A maximum number of 8,400 troops remained within We are here today to support Afghanistan the country at any one time. because instability in South Asia, as secretary However, now under President Donald Trump, new general and the president have already stated, plans intend to reassert and increase the United States and the extremism that it cultivates endangers presence in the country. all nations as well as the people of Afghanistan. In order to break the stalemate between NATO In recognition of these vital interests, and and the Taliban, ISIS, and other forces, the top coalition thanks to the national unity government, I would commander in Afghanistan, General John Nicholson, has just say that the support of the international stated that more troops will be necessary to do so. As such, community is now rallied under the NATO flag. Jim Mattis, the United States Secretary of Defense, plans to And we are here today as evidence of a new send 4,000 more troops in the Resolute Support Mission. strategy that has given us a new opportunity. On September 28, 2017, in a joint press conference The Resolute Support Mission began in January of with Secretary General Stoltenberg and President Ghani in 2015 with the intent of advising and assisting the Afghan military. The NATO forces act as consults for Afghanistan’s The Knight Magazine November 2017 9 military leadership. The long term goal is the independence of the Afghan security forces. The United States is a strong supporter of this mission. As such, numerous US troops are currently deployed throughout the country. Recently, the Pentagon confirmed a total of 11,000 American troops within the country’s borders. US Today reported that in addition to the 11,000 US troops and the 6,800 NATO troops already deployed, these forces are helping counter-terrorism missions and supporting the Afghan security forces. Jim Mattis, making a statement on their role, said, “Make no mistake, this is combat duty. But the Afghan forces remain in the lead for the fighting.” Numerous US troops are deployed in Afghanistan under the For current and future members of the military, this Resolute Support Mission. (Photo by PA) could be a possible location of deployment. Matthew Hamada, a junior intending on joining the army, said, “If I end up deploying to Afghanistan, my job Timeline of the Modern Conflict will likely revolve around training and advising the Afghan military and police in order to teach them to combat their July 2016 enemies on their own. This is my occupation of choice and President Barack Obama places a cap of I understand the conditions and dangers of this work.” 8,400 US troops in Afghanistan at one The Pentagon initially stated that 8,400 troops were in Afghanistan. The Pentagon later amended their statement time. with a correction of 11,000 troops currently deployed. These variable numbers arise due to a desire to protect the forces within the country. It is believed that the February 1, 2017 Taliban and other groups gain insight from the deployment US government reports that Afghan numbers, leading to additional dangers for many troops. Security forces have climbed 35 percent in As such, the Pentagon plans to adopt a policy of 2016. lessened transparency. The details of troop numbers and mission plans will no longer be public knowledge in the interest of troop safety. February 9, 2017 According to some government officials, it may be General John Nicholson requests more more than just the number that remains undiscussed. John McCain, a US senator from Arizona and head of the Senate troops for ‘stalemate.’ Armed Services Committee, does not know many of the details. In consequence, he vows that to not confirm any August 21, 2017 Trump nominees to the Pentagon until informed of the plan. Taking initiative, McCain created his own plan for President Trump’s first formal address to Afghanistan. According to CNN, he wants to support the nation as commander-in-chief allows the counter-terrorism efforts, strengthen the capabilities of deployment of thousands more US troops the Afghan and allied forces, and increase diplomatic endeavors to endorse peace within Afghanistan. He in Afghanistan. believes that more troops may play a vital role in these endeavors. August 21, 2017 McCain’s calls were answered on August 21, 2017 with Donald Trump’s speech broadly outlining his future US Defense Secretary James Mattis plan. The United States army will increase its presence announced that the US and other allies within the warring country for as long as necessary. are boosting their troop numbers in Hopefully, peace is on the agenda. Afghanistan. 10 The Knight Magazine November 2017 NAFTA: The Great Exchange

As NAFTA is being renegotiated, what are some things we need to understand? NAFTA being signed by U.S, Mexican, and Canadian Reps. in 1993. (George H.W. Bush Presidential Library) BY: ASHWIN MILLS ‘18

The North American Free Trade Agreement, or If prices on linens increased, prices on clothes would NAFTA, is one of the largest trade deals in the world. also increase, ensuring that the basic trips we take to the This pact between the United States, Mexico, and Canada mall will start adding up rapidly. Even our uniforms— eliminates most tariffs on trade, thus encouraging economic shirts and shorts made using American fabrics, will increase activity. With its existence currently in doubt, Notre Dame in cost to produce, thus assuring a rise in overall price. students could soon feel the economic effects of a country Buying everyday items from the supermarket would without NAFTA. also be more costly if not for NAFTA, meaning that According to economists, Shushanik Hakobyan family’s might have to start buying less of certain goods in and John McLaren, NAFTA has put the United States at order to remain in budget. a competitive disadvantage versus its two counterparts, The reason for all these negative effects is that Mexico and Canada (Bus. Insider). the U.S. imports most avocados, tomatoes, red meat, Due to this sentiment, President Donald Trump and textile materials from NAFTA countries. Thereby, denounced NAFTA throughout his election campaign, without NAFTA, it would be cheaper for companies to going so-far as to call it “the worst trade deal ever.” (CNN) produce clothes overseas, resulting in the outsourcing and Thus, for the past three months representatives permanent loss of many U.S. jobs. from the United States, Mexico, and Canada have been Utilizing data from the Wall Street Journal, Ms. attempting to revise and rewrite NAFTA. Cantwell, a Notre Dame Economics teacher, pointed out However, there has been much hostility generated that “14 million American jobs depended on NAFTA between the three nations due to the “America first” deals…many of which are jobs within small and medium narrative that U.S. representatives are pushing when it sized businesses.” comes to the deal. This narrative is threatening to break Furthermore, last year alone, the United States down the revision talks, with negotiations having reached exported $38 million worth of agricultural products to its an impasse for the past few months. NAFTA partners; however these are products that Canada If these deliberations do not yield a universally and Mexico have other sources for if the Agreement was accepted result, the United States has a strong likelihood of abandoned. pulling out of NAFTA. Still, one argument is that if the United States backed Although this deal may seem like just another distant out of NAFTA, we could pursue a series of bilateral law or bill that doesn’t really effect the average person, it is trade deals with only one nation at a time. From a trading actually quite the opposite. standpoint, this would theoretically bring the U.S. back to According to the Wall Street Journal, sans NAFTA, equal or higher terms with both Mexico and Canada, but at we can expect higher prices on food and clothes as well as the moment it is all still speculation. less variety and less availability of materials such as linen Whether repealed or revised, NAFTA is undoubtedly and silk. In addition, fewer jobs would be available in food an important trade deal that effects our school and the service and retail due to increased overhead. nation. The Knight Magazine November 2017 11 AMERICA’S GREATEST GENERATION Soaring Valor: Ensuring that the sacrifices of America’s defenders and their families are never forgotten. BY: ANDREA KARKAFI ‘19 (Guest Writer)

We all remember learning about World War II in our history classes, but researching an event is different from experiencing it. To get a better understanding of one of the most important battles of the world, students embarked on a life-changing experience through the Soaring Valor program. From October 25 through October 27, twenty- one of our juniors spent time with World War II veterans on a trip to The National WWII Museum located in New Orleans, Louisiana. The Soaring Valor program was initially designed as a way of preserving oral histories. “Every WWII veteran is a living library. Their first-person accounts of the war are treasures to be preserved. Through Soaring Valor, we’ve partnered with The National WWII Museum to record the individual stories of America’s Greatest Generation Juniors Trinity Kobielusz, Loren Peretz, and Katie Donnelly and share them with the world. For those who spend the day with veteran George Stanley and his wife, Sandra cannot travel, we’re sponsoring a historian from Stanley. (Photo courtesy of Soaring Valor participants) the museum to conduct interviews with WWII and participated in public speaking events alongside our veterans in the comfort of their own homes.” featured guests. (garysinisefoundation.org) The intent was clear: To allow our younger The Gary Sinise Foundation flew WWII veterans generations to learn first-hand from America’s Greatest and their guardians to The National WWII Museum in Generation. New Orleans for “One-of-a-kind experiences including a THE TRIP tour of the museum, as well as entertainment, celebratory At 8 a.m. on October 25th, the students boarded a jet meals and an opportunity for community with their fellow and took a three hour flight to the Louis Armstrong New veterans.” Orleans International Airport. In 2017, however, the foundation expanded the They stayed at The Sheraton New Orleans Hotel, program by inviting students to join the Soaring Valor and upon arrival, each individual received a Soaring Valor trips. Our juniors accompanied the veterans through the t-shirt and a lanyard to wear every day of the trip. museum exhibits, joined them for celebratory meals, Each student was paired with a veteran, allowing them [See Greatest Generation, 12] 12 The Knight Magazine November 2017

[Greatest Generation, from page 11] to experience the living, surviving history of an American how one person’s actions can affect history. It was one that warrior. There were 21 veterans, one for every student. I was proud to be a part of” said Osborne, “The veterans Counselor Steve Mejia, a veteran who served in were all extremely humble people who had a lot of lessons the United States Air Force for ten years, described his they wished to share with us so that we can pass them down perspective on the interactions between the students and the to our friends.” veterans. The students returned to Los Angeles on October “It was a great opportunity, not only just to raise 27th. Over the course of a few days, each individual was awareness for veterans, but also to get to know the veterans forever changed after being able to learn about WWII that [the students] were paired up with on a personal level. through the stories of those who were there. [...] That was truly the best thing about the trip, the one- Upon his return to Los Angeles, Dean Osborne on-one time with not only the veteran, but with the family describes the impact of his journey. “I felt like I had a fire member that was there with them,” said Mr. Mejia. under me and I was more motivated. I took away from the Junior Evy Gallagher described her opportunity to trip to never put limits on yourself and what you can do,” be among the few students selected to participate in this said Osborne. program. “It was incredible being able to hear stories from these men and the struggles they went through. I felt very lucky,” said Gallagher. During the trip, the juniors accompanied their veterans as they visited the U.S. Freedom Pavilion, the National World War II Museum, and BB’s Stage Door Canteen, where they enjoyed a special performance by The Victory Belles, who performed music from the 1940’s that The Gary Sinise Foundation was established under the brought hope to our troops during the war. philanthropic direction of a forty-year advocate for One of Evy Gallagher’s favorite parts of the trip was the 40 minute movie, Beyond All Boundaries. This movie our nation’s defenders, actor Gary Sinise. Its outreach included 4D effects that allowed the audience to better supports those who sacrifice to defend our country: experience the chronological history of the war. active duty, veterans, first responders, and their loved “Tom Hanks narrated [the movie] and other actors ones. While our mission is broad, we’ve created nine like Gary Sinise voiced some of the characters. It’s almost key programs to show gratitude for our American like we got to experience parts of the war, with special heroes through entertainment, family support, and acts effects like seats rumbling, snow falling, and bright lights of appreciation. flashing,” said Gallagher. According to Mr. Mejia, the movie “talked a lot about • R.I.S.E - Resorting Independence Supporting Europe and the Pacific, and how those veterans dealt with Empowerment the issues that they had at that time. [...] The video itself portrayed a lot of significant events, like Pearl Harbor, the • Gary Sinise & the Lt. Dan Band occupation of Europe, and a lot of things that students read • Relief & Resiliency Outreach about but can’t necessarily connect together. As a veteran, I • Invicible Spirit Festival felt honored to be there.” • Ambassadors Council The Soaring Valor trip impacted the students in many • Serving Heroes ways, and they will always cherish this opportunity for the rest of their lives. • Arts & Entertainment Outreach Mr. Mejia said, “The students got a lot out of the trip. • First Responders Outreach I think they got the opportunity to experience something on • Soaring Valor a more personal level. That’s why I think it was so crucial that they were paired up with a veteran, so that they could To learn more about The Gary Sinise Foundation and experience the history together. It’s a memory that they are each of its 9 programs, please visit: going to have for a lifetime.” Junior Dean Osborne was especially affected by his time with the veterans. www.garysinisefoundation.org “It was an experience that changed my perspective on The Knight Magazine November 2017 13

The 21 juniors, wearing their Soaring Valor t-shirts and lanyards, meet Gary Sinise, the creator of the Soaring Valor program. Top Row: Dean Osborne, Michael Jensen, Cameron Sharafatian, Alina Carranza, Zyan Cagnolatti, Cole Dale, Louis Burg, JR Hernandez, Justin Smith, Anulika Nwude-Jacobs, and Sabrina Lemus; Bottom Row: Matthew Hamada, Brandon Birdt, Vincent Front, Julia Mueller, Program Founder Gary Sinise, Anne Curtis, Evy Gallagher, Katie Donnelly, Piper Amos, Loren Peretz, and Trinity Kobielusz (Photo courtesy of Soaring Valor participants) 14 The Knight Magazine November 2017

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SpiritSpirit WeekWeek 10 BY: PUBLICATIONS CLUB, PHOTOS BY: YEARBOOK/ADVANCED JOURNALISM 1. Varsity Cheer gets everyone pumped up with their spectacular stunt work. 2. Freshman Brian Cheng, William Henry, Gustavo Chavez match smiles and shirts for Mouseketeer Monday. 3. Freshmen Scarlet Stallone and Caleb Robinson pull Colton Patarias around the track to try and beat the upperclassmen during Friday’s field games. 4. Juniors Brendan Krutchik, Isabella Marable, Isabella Mardirossian, Simone Dominique, Dominic Allegretti, and Ian Cox team up in 11 the tug of war to defeat the sophomores. 5. Sophomores Aidan Shinfeld, Sophia Gumm, Joaquin Franco, Emma Casali, Amanda Lietz, and Jeromiah Garmon brace themselves against the strength of the junior tug of war team. 6. Alaine Farin and Julia Rondan hug it out on Ohana Thursday. 7. Freshmen Sebastian Lubin and William Wright spend their extended lunch sumo wrestling on the baseball field. 8. Senior Kayla Quintero receives flowers as she is crowned Homecoming Queen during halftime. 9.Junior Anulika Nwude-Jacobs enjoys the music during the break before Friday’s pep rally. 10. Juniors Samuel Richter, Kevin Vintch, Natalie Mendoza, and Adriel Azera are super “lei’d” back in their Hawaiian gear. 11. Seniors Clarissa Cabil, Miara Nicole Chua, Vanessa Olguin, and Danielle Gauthier take twin day to another level and show their Hogwarts pride. 12. Athena Skarpelos ‘18 and her prince Aiden Aguinaga ‘18 celebrate the discovery of Athena’s glass slipper during the pep rally. 12 The Knight Magazine November 2017 15

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5 7 8 6 1. With the sophomores hot on their heels, seniors Evan Suong, Samuel Painter, and Christina Shirley head for the finish line. 2. The force is strong with seniors John Hirn, Max Sprute, Daniel Escovar, and Evan Suong as they show their lightsaber skills. 3. Balloons fly as the Varsity Football team enters the stadium for the Homecoming game against Serra High School. 4. Triplets Alicia Barreca ‘20, Margaret Franke ‘20, and Brenna Brophy ‘20 pay homage to Levis - “Quality Never goes out of style” 5. Seniors Garrett Easton, Troy 9 Hillman, Brady Barrett, Steven Barnett, Luca Calabro, Noah Guirguis, and Maximiliano Weschler show off their Hawaiian fashion. 6. Seniors Win! The seniors cheer their class on to victory. 7. Senior Lucas Rondan braces to get soaked as Priya Joshi ‘18 retrieves a bad 11 throw. 8. Sophomores Sasha Small, Asanti 10 Johnson, and Gabrielle Jackson “share a Coke and a smile.” 9. Justin Smith ‘19 embraces his inner child as he leaps down the inflatable slide with a smile on his face. 10. Sophomore Delaney Davalos edges out the freshman team during the obstacle course competition. 12. Sophomore Brendan Cotti enjoys the Homecoming Dance. 13. With fellow cross country runner Lucas Rondan ‘18 in the dunk tank, senior Mariah Moro smiles as she takes aim, while Elizabeth Gonzalez ‘18 and 12 Alexandra Lagos ‘18 look on.

13 16 The Knight Magazine November 2017 From Our Table, to Yours Recipies from different cultures join the menus of the traditional American feast.

BY: DANIELLE POSIN ‘18 The smell of turkey fills the house and the sounds of 5. Add 5 to 6 cinnamon sticks to the mixture. You may the Macy’s Thanksgiving Day Parade and football games add more if you want a stronger cinnamon taste. come from the television. It is a time for family, friends, 6. Serve hot and enjoy. sharing a special meal, and giving thanks for our many blessings. PEPIAN (Guatemalan Spicy Meat Stew) To help with your Thanksgiving meal planning, the from the table of Ashwin Mills ‘18 Publications classes would like to share favorite recipes This recipe was shared by Ashwin’s that have become part of their own family traditions. mother. It is a traditional meaty, spicy Just as that first Thanksgiving provided an opportunity stew that many see as Guatemala’s to create a bridge between cultures, these recipes will add national dish. The secret to the flavor is an ethnic twist to your traditional turkey and stuffing menu. in the roasting of key ingredients. From our table to yours, Happy Thanksgiving!

CHAMPURRADO (Thick Mexican Hot Chocolate) from the table of Maria Guinnip ‘20 8 tomatoes This recipe was shared by Maria’s 2 onions quartered grandmother, “Guela.” It is perfect for 6 cloves of garlic a cold morning as you prepare your 8 ounces of sesame seeds Thanksgiving feast, but it can be enjoyed 8 ounces of pumpkin seeds by everyone all day long. 3 Pasilla chilis 3 Guajillo chilis 2 cubes of chicken broth Chopped carrots (optional) 1 can of condensed milk (14 oz) Sliced potatoes (optional) 1 tablespoon of cornstarch (plus extra as necessary) Green beans (optional) water Chayote (optional) Sugar as needed Chopped chicken (optional) 1/4 cup of cocoa powder Cinnamon sticks 1. Broil tomatoes, onions, and garlic until almost black. 2. Broil sesame seeds and pumpkin seeds in the oven for 1. In a large sauce pan, combine one can of condensed 8 minutes milk and 3 cans of water and whisk together over 3. Broil pasilla and guajillo chilis for 2 minutes medium heat. 4. Place all broiled ingredients in a blender and process 2. Combine the cornstarch with a 4th can of water and until smooth, adding 1 1/2 - 3 cups of water to the add to the milk mixture. You may need to add more to mixture depending on the consistency desired. achieve the correct thickness. 5. Place blended liquid into a pot, add the two cubes of 3. Add cocoa powder to the milk mixture and continue to chicken broth and bring to a boil. whisk. 6. Lower heat to low-medium and cook for an additional 4. Add sugar and additional cocoa powder to taste. 10 minutes. The Knight Magazine November 2017 17 From Our Table, to Yours Recipies from different cultures join the menus of the traditional American feast.

7. Add chopped carrots, potatoes, green beans, chayote, 6. Transfer dough to a lightly floured surface and and chicken and cook for an additional 20 minutes or shape into a round loaf. Note that the dough will until vegetables and chicken are cooked. be a little sticky, and quite shaggy (a little like a 8. Take pot off the heat and add a few sprigs of cilantro. shortcake biscuit dough). 7. You want to work it just enough so that the flour IRISH SODA BREAD (Bread made with Baking Soda instead of Yeast) is just moistened and the dough just barely comes from the table of Bridget Gehan ‘18 together. Shaggy is good. If you over-knead, the bread will end up tough. This recipe was shared by Bridget’s 8. Transfer dough to a large, lightly greased cast iron grandmother. Irish Soda Bread has a long skillet or a baking sheet (it will flatten out a bit in tradition in Ireland and is made with only the pan or on the baking sheet). the most basic of ingredients. Before baking, a cross was cut on the top with 9. Using a serrated knife, score top of dough about an a knife, to ward off the devil and protect inch and a half deep in an “X” shape. The purpose the household. of the scoring is to help heat get into the center of the dough while it cooks. (Really, the X is a cross). 4 to 4 1/2 cups flour 10. Transfer to oven and bake until bread is golden and 1 Tbsp sugar bottom sounds hollow when tapped—about 35-45 1 teaspoon salt minutes. (If you use a cast iron pan, it may take a 1 teaspoon baking soda little longer as it takes longer for the pan to heat up 4 Tbsp butter than a baking sheet.) 1 cup currants or raisins 11. Check for doneness also by inserting a long, thin 1 large egg, lightly beaten skewer into the center. If it comes out clean, it’s 1 3/4 cups buttermilk done. 1. Preheat oven to 425°. 12. Remove pan or sheet from oven, let bread sit in the 2. Whisk together 4 cups of flour, the sugar, salt, and pan or on the sheet for 5-10 minutes, then remove baking soda into a large mixing bowl. to a rack to cool briefly. 3. Using your (clean) fingers, work the butter into the 13. Serve bread warm, at room temperature, or sliced flour mixture until it resembles coarse meal, then and toasted. Best when eaten warm and just baked. add in the currants or raisins. 4. Make a well in the center of the flour mixture. Add beaten egg and buttermilk to the well and mix in Bless the Food before us, with a wooden spoon until dough is too stiff to stir. 5. Dust hands with a little flour, then gently knead the Family beside us, dough in the bowl just long enough to form a rough ball. If the dough is too sticky to work with, and the Love between us. add in a little more flour. Do not over-knead! 18 The Knight Magazine November 2017 Happily Ever After...

BY: BRIDGET GEHAN ‘18 And they all live happily ever bonding.” It’s effects are more after…” It’s a fairy tale ending that permanent, and cause the association Science, has created a life goal for so many of people, smells, sights, and people—the goal of achieving experiences. happiness. Oxytocin is one of the most Nurturing Is there anything more valuable powerful hormones the human body than happiness? I don’t know, but I creates and is released when a person know that I value it beyond belief. Yet, is in close proximity to other humans the Soul, and with something so desirable, why do and animals, receives a hug or gentle so many of us fail to find happiness? touch, and even experiences extreme And if that is the case, how can we stress. find it? The interaction between Achieving dopamine, oxytocin, and prolactin SCIENCE causes the ‘flow’ of happiness. Happiness occurs from the firing This flow is also determined by of synapses in your brain and the Happiness surroundings and experience, which production of dopamine and oxytocin. becomes a way to control the creation These are not the only hormones of dopamine and oxytocin. produced that control happiness, but Between lifestyle changes and they are major players. goals you set, can achieve happiness Dopamine is also known as the no matter the situation. “feel-good” hormone and produces short-lived happiness. NURTURING THE SOUL After a dopamine-high, the brain The happiest people tend to have produces another chemical called intrinsic goals, meaning goals that prolactin, which has adverse effects to are centered about cultivating and that of dopamine. bettering the soul rather than extrinsic Prolactin makes people feel goals, including wanting material upset, and balances the dopamine- wealth. When researchers stimulated the nucleus high. Aiming to be rich, is not accumbens (located in mid brain above The interaction between these necessarily wrong, but only focusing brain stem) people smiled, laughed, and two chemicals creates the highs and on the pursuit of wealth can become reported feeling happiness, as dopamine lows that we feel throughout our lives. very destructive. is released. (Caption by Mrs. Reichert, Additionally, oxytocin is Author Graham Hill said as Photo from Pinterest) the hormone that stimulates “pair we have accumulated more ‘stuff’ The Knight Magazine November 2017 19

“our happiness has flat-lined… [but] there’s a better way, [where] less might actually equal more.” What we need to do is “want stuff that we’re going to love for years, not just ‘stuff’.” After studying how materialism affected his own 10 Point Plan for life, Hill came up with three ways to help clear the clutter of life: 1) Edit Ruthlessly Achieving 2) Think Small 3) Make Stuff Multi-functional Simple changes in your lifestyle can make you Happiness happier. Spiritual, emotional, as well as the scientific facets factor into happiness. For instance, Matt Killingsworth, by: Pope Francis scientist and researcher on happiness, realized that one of the principle ways to be happier was to focus on whatever task you are doing at the moment. He said, despite our best efforts, “when our minds wander, we often think about unpleasant things… even when thinking about something that would be described as pleasant, [we’re] actually slightly less happy than if they aren’t mind wandering.” (TED) Ms. Jaclyn Sutley, choir director and Religion teacher found some happiness spiritually. She said “I found joy in smaller daily occurrences, and I put forth more effort into the friendships in my life. Proverbs 16:9 says, ‘The mind of man plans his way, but the Lord directs his steps.’ Knowing that God would be my strength and guide helped me worry 1. Live and let live. less about insignificant details that I once thought were a big deal.” 2. Give yourself to others. Senior Sara Waltrip finds happiness through her relationships with friends. “It’s relaxing to hang with 3. Move quietly in the world. friends. They make everything better and make me forget everything bad.” 4. Enjoy leisure. Fundamentally, humans are relational beings, so it is natural to feel happy when around others. This is not true 5. Sunday is for families. for all people, in fact, many people can find solace in being alone. 6. Find dignified jobs for young Individuals who choose to be alone do not necessarily dislike people. Some just enjoy spending time with their people. own thoughts, decompressing from everything and finding a neutral base so they can be happy again. 7. Respect nature. It can be hard to feel happy sometimes, but by understanding the science behind happiness and by 8. Let go of negative things quickly. incorporating some small changes in your lifestyle, you might find yourself smiling more. 9. Don't preach your religion too In 2014, Pope Francis offered his “10 Tips for a Happy Life.” They are definitely worth considering. Remember, everyone deserves to be happy, and if you forcefully. are struggling with life, make sure to seek help. Family, friends, teachers, and school counselors are all there to help 10. Work for peace you. From: CNN Social Commentary by Jay Parini 20 The Knight Magazine November 2017 The Roots of Modern Slang Decoding the Language of Notre Dame Students

By: MARIA THOMAS‘18 Has anyone ever complimented your “ice,” called you 4. “Woke” out for being “salty,” or accused you of “throwing shade”? Student Definition: “When someone knows what is With a steady stream of new terminology merging into currently happening in the news or in their community.” everyday speech, it can sometimes be hard to understand -Frank Coscia ‘18 adolescents. What do these words even mean? Furthermore, The term woke began with the African American how did they come to mean what they do today? After community to describe awareness of racial injustice. asking the students of Notre Dame, the following words Following the shooting of Michael Brown in Ferguson, have been declared the most frequently used slang. however, the word woke became entwined with the Black Lives Matter movement. Activists were “woke” and called 1. “Lit” on others to “stay woke” (Merriam-Webster). As the word Student Definition: “When something is really awesome has mainstreamed, it has developed a broader meaning: to or exciting” -Webb Hayes ‘20 be informed. According to urbandictionary.com, this term originates from describing someone’s face as “lit up” due to a positive occurrence. Today, it is most frequently used to recount a social gathering that was popular.

2. “Extra” Student Definition: “When someone or something is just over-the-top, too much. It could be used to describe a person or thing that is excessive.” -Sophie Hart ‘18 The origins of this term are somewhat clear. To have extra of something is to have an excess, therefore by calling someone/something extra you are deeming them/it unnecessary.

3. “Beef” Student Definition: “When you have beef with someone, you have a problem with them. There is some sort of unresolved issue between two people that have beef.” -Kiley Ritter ‘18 According to dictionary.com, the origin of this slang may be the common late 19 century complaint of U.S. soldiers about the quantity or quality of beef rations

(Photo by Maria Thomas) The Knight Magazine November 2017 21

[Power to Kill, from page 4] [Inalienable Right, from page 5] According to The New York Times, “In the United owners are not members of the aggressive few who are States, the death rate from gun homicides is about 31 per responsible for all firearm attacks. By banning all guns million people — the equivalent of 27 people shot dead and firearms, we revoke the rights dictated in the Second every day of the year” (Sanger-Katz, “Comparing Gun Amendment (Strasser). Deaths). Banning all firearms would not change the rate of In Britain, only about one out of every million people violence, because the people who are behind these attacks die in gun homicides each year — roughly as often as an are not going to abide by laws. They are breaking laws to American dies from falling off a ladder. In Japan, where create this violence. J. Michael Botswick, a psychiatrist at gun homicides are even rarer, the likelihood of dying this the Mayo Clinic said, “taking guns away won’t eliminate way is about the same as an American’s chance of being mass shootings” (NCBI). With this in mind, a possible killed by lightning — roughly one in 10 million (Sanger- answer to the gun problem is increasing regulation and Katz, “In Other Countries”). control on the sale of firearms and ammunition (Metzl). Why do these countries have drastically lower gun- According to the FBI, California has the strictest gun related homicide rates? laws in the country, and the severity of these laws has been Justin McCurry of The Guardian said, “Japan has effective. what may be the closest any country comes to “zero- California has the sixth lowest percentage of deaths tolerance” of gun ownership – a policy that experts say caused by gunshot wounds. New York, which also has contribute to their enviously low rate of gun crime” (Jowit). strict laws, is the third lowest. Rules efficiently limit gun In Britain, there is a ban on semi-automatic firearms and mortality and violence, and a ban isn’t necessary (“Victims pump action weapons, and registration is mandatory for of Gun Violence”, (Skerrett). shotgun owners. Guns present a danger to our society, but a world For decades, Americans have debated about the level with no means of protection is much more dangerous. A of control placed on owning and using a gun. Rather than world without guns would be a world doused in chaos as in deeming who is fit and unfit for gun use, however, it is time the UK and Australia when they tried a gun ban. A world that America bans the private ownership of guns. without guns would be a world that killed Sarah McKinley Phoebe Maltz Bovy of the New Republic said, “It’s and her baby boy. Guns may be a danger, but the people not about dividing society into “good” and “bad” gun who have guns without regulation, and stand behind them owners. It’s about placing gun ownership itself in the “bad” are the threat. category” (Bovy). References Young Nelly Zoller’s death should not be in vain. “Global efforts to prevent violence: World Health Organization reports significant progress.” WHO, World Health Organization. The 93 American citizens killed each day from various acts Kates, Don B, and Gary Mauser. “Would Banning Firearms Reduce of Gun violence must serve as a message (Key Violence Murder and Suicide?” Harvard Law School, Harvard University. Statistics). Metzl, Jonathan M., and Kenneth T. MacLeish. “Mental Illness, Mass Allowing firearms to be owned by private citizens has Shootings, and the Politics of American Firearms.” American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, Feb. 2015. not worked for this country. It is time to recognize that guns Skerrett, Patrick J. “Suicide often not preceded by warnings.” Harvard do not heal, or aid in peaceful resolutions. Guns wound and Health Blog, Harvard University, 29 Oct. 2015. Strasser, Ryan. kill. “Second Amendment.” LII / Legal Information Institute, References Cornell University, 1 July 2008. Bovy, Phoebe Maltz. “It’s Time to Ban Guns. Yes, All of Them.” New Stebner, Beth. “Teen widow who shot dead home invader who ‘wanted Republic, 10 Dec. 2015. her late 58-Year-Old husband’s meds’ WON’T face charges.” Daily Buchanan,Larry. Josh Keller, Richard A. Oppel Jr. and Daniel Victor. Mail Online, Associated Newspapers, 6 Jan. 2012. “How They Got Their Guns.” The New York Times, The New York “Victims of Gun Violence.” Brady Campaign: To Prevent Gun Violence, Times, 3 Oct. 2015. Brady Campaign, 2012. Jowit, Juliette, et al. “Four Countries with Gun Control – and What America Could Learn from Them.” The Guardian, Guardian News CROSSWORD PUZZLE ANSWERS and Media, 14 Mar. 2016. Keating, Fiona. “Girl, 4, Shoots Herself While ‘Grabbing Sweets from ACROSS DOWN Grandma’s Purse’.” The Independent, Independent Digital News and 5. Fentanyl 1. John Hirn Media, 24 Sept. 2017. 6. Beef 2. Gary Sinise “Key Gun Violence Statistics.” Brady Campaign to Prevent Gun 7. Dopamine 3. Resolute Support Violence, Brady Campaign. 9. Sleeping Beauty 4 Cadenas Sanger-Katz, Kevin Quealy And Margot. “Comparing Gun Deaths by 11. Animals 8. Seniors Country: The U.S. Is in a Different World.” The New York Times, The 14.Pepian 9. Second New York Times, 13 June 2016. 15. Ohana 10. Faber ---. “In Other Countries, You’re as Likely to Be Killed by a Falling 16. White 12. ndhsmedia Object as by a Gun.” The New York Times, The New York Times, 4 17. Lucas Rondan 13. Animals Dec. 2015. 22 The Knight Magazine November 2017

What do they need?

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Bug Spray With Deet

Non Perishable Snacks

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Loose Fitted Clean/Unstained Clothing (no long sleeves)

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Drop Off Dates and Location:

THE ISLAND OF When? Sunday, November ST. THOMAS 19th and 26th from 2-4 pm Where? Notre Dame High NEEDS OUR HELP School (parking lot off of woodman)

th On September 6 , 2017, the Virgin Islands suffered from one of the 13645 Riverside Drive most powerful Atlantic storms in a century, Hurricane Irma. The Sherman Oaks, CA 91423 catastrophic result of the storm has left these islands without running Questions? water and electricity until 2018. Notre Dame High School has

th th “adopted” a 7 -12 grade school in St. Thomas called Peter Gruber Email Abigail Cohen International Academy. We will be holding two collection days to [email protected] help their community get back on their feet.

Proverbs 3:27A Do not withhold good from those to whom it is due, when it is in your power to act. 91423

13645 Riverside Drive, Sherman Oaks, CA 91423 The Knight Magazine November 2017 23

Jacqueline Bonilla ‘18 Emma Ashton ‘19 A Study in Still Life White Charcoal on Black Paper Jade Campodonico ‘19 Courtesy of Mr. Lee and the ND Visual Arts Department

Caitlyn Pham ‘20 Reagan Harris ‘20

Zach Lubin ‘19 Matthew Wiggins ‘19 Avery Aude ‘18 24 The Knight Magazine November 2017 STUDENT SPOTLIGHT BY: MARIA THOMAS ‘18 and BRIDGET GEHAN ‘18

Savanah Hwang ‘20 - Photography II Behind the scenes, behind the flashing light, is where Sophomore Savannah Hwang shines brightest. Hwang is one of Notre Dame’s most prominent and talented photographers. She discovered her passion for photos at a very young age. She said, “I got into photography simply by just watching my dad take photos. I remember always asking him to show me how to use a camera because it was something that really caught my interest.” When she’s not taking photos, Hwang can be found relaxing with her friends or studying for her classes. Photography II is included in this list, but for Hwang it is not a chore like some homework can be, but instead an opportunity. “I take photos because it helps me to express my creativity in a way that comes easily to me. I have developed a passion and love for photography over the past three years” Hwang stated. More than a class, however, Photo II has helped Hwang cultivate her talent and grow her passion. She now aspires to be a photographer later in life saying, “it is something I can never get tired of... Ever since I got my first camera, my love for photography has continued to grow.” Filled with professional ambitions and ready to tackle every obstacle that comes in her way, Hwang ducked back behind her camera, preparing to “capture a moment and... look back on it forever” before leaving, taking pictures all the way. Esteban Zamora-Juarez ‘18 - AP Photography Esteban Zamora-Juarez is a senior currently studying AP Photography. In addition to photography, he enjoys playing Varsity Beach and Indoor Volleyball. Esteban has achieved Cum Laude on the Honor Roll every year at Notre Dame. After school, this Spotlight Student participates in the Support the Troops Club, the Environmental Club, and the Slam Poetry Club. His proudest Notre Dame accomplishment is his affiliation with the Spanish National Honors Society. Esteban’s passion for photography was ignited by his father. “My dad’s family was big in photography; they had their own store,” said Zamorez- Juarez. “That’s probably where my passion comes from. My parents bought me a plastic camcorder when I was seven, and that’s where it all began.” Esteban appreciates the creative freedom that comes with AP Photography. He said “I don’t really like looking at other photographer’s work because I feel like I steal some of their ideas. My inspiration is a mix between nature and street photography.” The Knight Magazine November 2017 25

I HAVE GIVEN YOU MY SOUL—

LEAVE ME MY NAME!

Fun Corner ACROSS DOWN 5. This drug is 50 times stronger than heroin. 1. This senior and goalie for the Boys Varsity Water Polo 6. Although it sounds like something that would team shares his name with his coach. (two words) send vegans running for the hills, according to Urban 2. His Foundation is responsible for creating the Soaring Dictionary this slang term means to have a grudge or Valor program. (two words) start one with another person. 3. The goal of _____ Mission, a NATO-led operation 7. This “feel-good” hormone produces short-term which was launched on January 1, 2015, is to train, happiness. advise and assist the Afghan security forces and 9. On _____ Tuesday of Spirit Week, students dressed in institutions. (two words) their pajamas and took part in a fun extended lunch in the 4. This ND Alum, Victoria _____ ‘10 currently acts as quad and on the baseball field. (two words) assistant coach for the Girls Golf team. 11. This rap by Dr. Dre is a protest song that raises 8. This group won the Spirit Week field games. awareness about the unjust way African-Americans are 9. “A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the treated in America. security of a free State, the right of the people to keep 14. This is a spicy meat stew from Guatemala. and bear Arms, shall not be infringed.” This is the text of 15. “_____ means family. Family means nobody gets left the _____ amendment. behind or forgotten.” ~Lilo and Stitch 10. Though he/she was cropped out of the cover shot, 16. This was the color worn by the Class of 2021 on Mr./Mrs. ______pulled in the first position on the “Class Color Day.” teachers’ tug-of-war team. 17. On the Spirit Week pictorial, this senior is sitting in 12. The web address for the Knight On-Line blog is the dunk tank. (two words) _____.com 13. NAFTA is a trade agreement between the United Answers on page 21 States, Mexico, and _____. 26 The Knight Magazine November 2017 Putting in Effort It takes a team

BY: SARAH O’BRIEN ‘19 PHOTOS BY: ULTIMATE EXPOSURES Yary Photography Three Mission League Individual in 2010. That team went on to win the everyone for the hard work they put in. Qualifiers, CIF team qualifiers, and a Mission League Championship. I couldn’t have asked for a better senior strong team bond. The Girls Varsity Coach Cadenas helped the girls season.” Golf team has ended a great season. with technique and physical fitness. Coach McClung was very Starting way back in August, the Sophomore Delaney Davalos impressed with the girls as well. “This girls were already working hard during said “Having Tori around really helped group of girls embodied the concept their annual boot camp. me with my swing and really gave me of a team. They cared for each other, The team took a van to Ventura more confidence on the course.” worked for each other, and created a and for 4 days and 3 nights, the girls The girls won 5 out of 7 of their great overall experience for each other. played long intense hours of golf and league games, only falling short to This group was so positive every day spent many hours getting to know each Harvard-Westlake and Marlborough. and I feel blessed to be their coach,” other building trust and a team bond. said McClung. Waking up at seven each “This group was so Junior Sarah O’Brien said “This morning the ladies headed to the has definitely been my best season different courses such as River Ridge, positive every day, yet. Having Coach Tori to help me Alivas, and Los Robles playing 18 hole and I feel blessed to with my swing has really changed my rounds. It was hard work, but worth be their coach.” game. I feel really blessed to be on this every bit of the effort. team. They are all so supportive and Once school began the team ~Coach Ann McClung encouraging. Along with supportive dedicated more time to prepare for teammates Coach McClung does their league. The team took 2nd place at mid- a really great job of bringing us all The girls practiced 4 days a week season and finished 3rd in Mission together and keeping us motivated to for 2 hours a day at local courses such League Finals play. work hard for each other.” as Woodley and Encino. They mainly As well as placing for a spot at Although the girls had a great focused on their short game with CIF, juniors Aliyah Camcam and Sarah season they intend to keep up their putting and chipping and going on the O’Brien as well as freshman Liana hard work by playing in individual range working all of the clubs. Brown qualified for Mission League tournaments and working out as a This year, the girls were fortunate Finals. team to hopefully win the Mission enough to have Notre Dame Alumna Senior Captain Bernadine League Title next season. Victoria Cadenas ‘10 as their assistant Corpin said, “Overall the season went coach. Cadenas was the senior captain really well and I’m really proud of The Knight Magazine November 2017 27

Sarah O’Brien putts her ball into the hole. The team joins in hands for a prayer before the match against Marlborough.

Coach McClung and Assistant Coach Cadenas Grace Bracken finishes her drive. Aliyah Camcam focuses on her putt. take to the course in the golf cart.

Varsity Girls Golf Roster Head Coach - Ann McClung Asst. Coach - Victoria Cadenas ’10 Captain - Bernie Corpin ’18 Aliyah Camcam ’19 Sarah O’Brien ’19 Daniella Di Paolo ’19 Grace Bracken ’19 Delaney Davalos ’20 Avery Hayes ’20 Melanie Lizarraga ’20 Liana Brown ’21 The official CIF team! Go Knights! Marion Govednik ’21 28 The Knight Magazine November 2017

Each season, the Boys Varsity Water Polo team gets closer to their goals. The team fought hard this season, and they have a lot to be proud of. With 16 wins overall and decisive league wins against Alemany (20-12), Crespi (17-11) and St. Francis (22-5) the Sink team closed out the season with a sense of accomplishment. “We [did] pretty good this year. We [made] some mistakes that are normal for a team that has some new players, but overall I think we [did] really well,” said John or Hirn ‘18. Like all teams at Notre Dame, the team had to adjust to the loss of the players that had graduated. “This year, unfortunately, we didn’t have one of our key players from last year. However with few of the newer kids having experience we didn’t have to make a big adjustment,” said Hirn ’18. Swim But they didn’t let this minor set back keep them from succeeding this season. “We lost some very talented players Boys Varsity Water Polo caps [from] last year but I would say that we [were] a more well rounded team this year. We utilized our younger player’s off a good season. strengths very well,” said Daniel Escovar ‘18. BY: EVIN SANTANA ‘19 Every game was a different challenge, and the team had to find a way to overcome and defeat their opponents. PHOTOS BY: ULTIMATE EXPOSURES

Left: Goalie, John Hirn ‘18, lunges to prevent a goal and in an attempt to secure their win. Top Right: Miles Karlin ‘20 scans the pool for an open teammate. Bottom Right: Daniel Escovar ‘18 is on the counter attack trying to score a goal. The Knight Magazine November 2017 29

Evan Suong ‘18 reaches for the ball as a player from the opposing Sean Sherman ‘20 prepares to pass the ball to one of his team team aims for a pass members

“We competed well [against] teams in higher divisions,” Hirn. said Escovar. “I hoped [it would help us] improve our With the season over, the team knows what they need weaknesses.” to do to improve for next year, and although they did not Each season, the team dedicates their time and effort reach the CIF championship round, they finished the season in order to play their best in every game. They practiced strong. Each member has a lot to be proud of and the team every day after school, five days a week for three hours, will continuously grow with every season to come. ultimately creating a strong team bond. “I think that our team is probably the closest team at Notre Dame,” said Hirn “The majority of us all eat lunch together and everyone on the team is really fun to hangout Varsity Aqua Knights around with outside of water polo.” All of the players are really close in and outside of the pool. They make sure to support each other no matter what. #9 Thomas Beres ‘19 “I’d say we had a friendly environment, but when it #7 Daniel Escovar ‘18 was time to work we [would] be hard on each other. But most of us have found our best friends on the team,” said #1 & #12 John Hirn ‘18 Escovar. #3 Miles Karlin ‘20 With support comes improvement. Each member has an obligation to work their hardest, and they’re always #8 Ryan Krell ‘21 open for help from their fellow teammates. “We may joke #10 Umberto Moreno Garcia ‘18 around a lot but when it comes down to it we have each other’s backs,” said Escovar. #1B Steven Rojas ‘18 Before each game, the team prepared themselves for the competition ahead. “We have a pregame meeting with #11 Levon Sahakyan ‘20 our coach then we would get in [the pool] and warm up,” #2 Edward Shanakian ‘21 said Escovar. In addition to the team meeting, some players have #1A Sean Sherman ‘20 their own little rituals. “I liked to go into the games with the #13 Max Sprute ‘18 mentality that it was just another game. I’d make sure I’m warmed up and hydrated and that’s usually it,” said Hirn. #4 Evan Suong ‘18 Although for some of players, it is their last year at Notre Dame, they will definitely be leaving their legacy #15 Chase Webber ‘20 with the team and all they have accomplished. #18 Jake Wilkerson ‘20 “Well hopefully we can [leave all of the games we have won] with the future [teams] to set as their goal” said