ROUTE 122 ~ LOST VILLAGES SCENIC BYWAY Welcome to Oakham Home of the Lost Village of Coldbrook Springs

A History of Oakham

Pre-1675 The present town of Oakham was virgin forest occupied by Nipmuck Indians who made seasonal camps in the area for hunting, About Historic Coldbrook Springs Village fishing, and farming. 1675 During the King Philip War (167 5–1676) a 150 square mile area known as Naquag became the stronghold for Indian activity. This MAP INDEX included what is now Barre, Rutland, Hubbardston, parts of Princeton 27 Evander Parker and Paxton. Menamesit, just west of Naquag and Mount Wachusett, 28 Thomas Kennedy in present day Princeton, served as gathering places for the Nipmuck, Narragansett, and Wampanoag tribes. Many of the surviving Native 29 Nellie Potter Americans left the region looking for new homes. Those that remained 30 Nellie Potter were forced to live in four “Indian Towns” under close supervision by 30A Potter Pond Dam the colonists. This left the area of Naquag open for colonial expansion. 30B Potter Pond Dam 1686 In 1686, five Nashaway Indians, who claimed ownership of 31 Enrico Perticarari Coldbrook House in Coldbrook Springs Village The once bustling village of Coldbrook Springs is now Naquag, sold this territory to a group of land speculators from 32 Oren Carpenter Lancaster for “25 pounds hard cash.” a scenic byway with no evidence of its past history 33 Frank Izzi 1722 Scotch-Irish immigrants began to buy lots in this area; the except for the stone monument erected in 2005 by 34 Samuel Bruno town of Rutland was incorporated as a Congregational community. the MA Department of Conservation and Recreation. 35 Katherine Mullen 1742 Beginning in 1742, Scotch-Irish Presbyterians began to buy 36 Coldbrook School land in what was then called “Rutland West Wing” (now Oakham) In 1748 several members of the Craige and Parmenter in hopes of incorporating their own town. 37 Coldbrook House families became the first families to settle in the northern 37A Coldbrook House Falls 1762 After two failed attempts to incorporate, due to Rutland’s part of Oakham, later called Coldbrook Springs. opposition, Oakham was finally incorporated as a district in 1762. 37B Mineral Springs For the first several decades, farming and innkeeping 1776 By the beginning of the Revolutionary War, Oakham’s 38 James Piatti “Hill Crest” were the primary occupations of the residents. A grist population had grown to nearly 600 people. Oakham was strongly 39 Albert Moss pro-revolution and local loyalists were forced to leave their property 39A Barre Wool Comb mill and sawmill were the eartiest businesses. At the early and flee to British strongholds in Boston and Canada. 40 Frederick Parmenter part of the 19th century and continuing over the next

1799 The sixth Massachusetts Turnpike was built between Pelham 150 years, Coldbrook Springs grew to include a varierty 41 Sophronia Bruce Wool carding mill in Coldbrook Springs and Shrewsbury. This 43 mile toll road followed Oakham’s Old Turnpike 42 Catherine Cody of businesses including a cotton factory, wool carding Road and remained in service until 1828; making travel to andfrom

43 M. Morton Butterfield & fulling mill, tannery, blacksmith & wheelwright shops, Oakham easier and faster. Map of historic 44 Frank Cheever more sawmills and a grist mill, boot shop, grain store, 1812 50th ANNIVERSARY . Although Oakham voted not to go to Coldbrook Springs war with Great Britain, when the war finally did break out, Oakham 45 Orrin Webber “Willow Cottage” Village created by post office-general store, bowling alley, two filling stations, and New Braintree raised a company of 34 Grenadiers, who were sent 46 Parker’s Store & Post Office Wesley H. Dwelly and the homes of its residents. Because of its location on to Boston to help prevent a British attack. 47 Fred Ripka of Oakham, 1999. the main route from Worcester to the western side of 1862 100th ANNIVERSARY . The country is embroiled in Civil War. 48 Iona Whittaker the State and its closeness to water power from the

Although Oakham had a population of less than 1,000 citizens, nearly 49 Old Ayres Shop Cold Brook, this section of Oakham flourished. 100 of Oakham’s finest men volunteer for service. One fifth of these 50 Basket Shop Pond Dam soldiers would not live to see Oakham again. In the mid-1800s, Coldbrook Springs became a resort 51 Frances Prentice area. The fame and reputed medicinal powers of the 1887 The Central Mass Railroad, a branch of the Boston & Maine, 52 Evander Greene opened, providing quick transportation for both people and goods 53 Coldbrook RR Station mineral springs in the village attracted tourists from near throughout the East. A Depot in Coldbrook Springs helped this section and far. News was widespread that the Sprng waters were of Oakham to grow and prosper. Coldbrook Springs at its peak had two 54 Redmen’s Hall

hotels, a post office, bowling alley, a store, a basket company, and large 55 Ida Parker “pure from nature’s laboratory” and beneficial to invalids.

community hall with a market, sawmill, school, and 35 homes. 56 Eagle Inn & Livery Stable The waters were used for the treatment of many ailments

1912 150th ANNIVERSARY . Town population (~500 people) is on the 57 Frank Winslow including rtheumatism, gout, diabetes, and those diseases decline as people begin to leave farms and move to industrial centers. 58 Samuel Dean “peculiar to women.” Two railroads with Coldbrook stops 1930 Oakham enters the depression era with more bad news. As 59 Herbert Wilbur and one just over the line in Barre provided transportation part of the Quabbin Reservoir construction project, the State bought 60 Nellie Harrington all of Coldbrook Springs to provide a clean watershed area for the for visitors. The Eagle Inn and Coldbrook House offered upper Ware River. Water from the Ware River would be sent via 61 Grist Mill lodging and catered to the needs of the countless tourists underground aqueduct to provide fresh drinking water for the Boston 61A White Brothers Co. Store who came to be “healed” at the Springs. metropolitan area. To create this watershed, all buildings had to be 61B Grist Mill Pond Dam removed, all residents relocated, and the Railroad Station dismantled. In the early 1900s the need to provide a water supply 61C Grist Mill Pond

to the growing Boston area instituted the Quabbin

1962 200th Anniversary. Oakham’s celebration comes at the height 62 White Brothers Co.

of the Cold War and in the midst of the Cuban Missile Crisis. After Reservoir project. Several towns, including Coldbrook

decades of declining or no growth, the population in Oakham rises

Springs, became extinct as the then Metropolitan District

to 600 people.

Commission took over the required expanse of land 2012 250th Anniversary. Oakham has settled into the 21st century as a quiet bedroom community. Population has reached about 2,000. neede d for the Quabbin project. By the 1930s, nearly

Recreation is a focal point with two campgrounds and an 18-hole golf every building had been torn down or mo ved. The once course. The abundance of State-owned land provides open space that thriving, bustling village ceased to exist. can be enjoyed all year long including ice fishing, cross-country skiing, snowmobiling, hunting, fishing, hiking trails, and horse bridle paths. The monument unveiled on June 18, 2005, is in

The Boston & Maine railroad bed has been converted into a popular remembrance of this lost village and its residents. k bike trail. Coldbrook Springs Village, Main Street looking west Main Street looking east

The Route 122 Scenic Byway is a collaborative project of

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