DOCSLIB.ORG

SPELLING out P a UNIFIED SYNTAX of AFRIKAANS ADPOSITIONS and V-PARTICLES by Erin Pretorius Dissertation Presented for the Degree

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

SPELLING OUT P A UNIFIED SYNTAX OF AFRIKAANS ADPOSITIONS AND V-PARTICLES by Erin Pretorius Dissertation presented for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences at Stellenbosch University Supervisors Prof Theresa Biberauer (Stellenbosch University) Prof Norbert Corver (University of Utrecht) Co-supervisors Dr Johan Oosthuizen (Stellenbosch University) Dr Marjo van Koppen (University of Utrecht) December 2017 This dissertation was completed as part of a Joint Doctorate with the University of Utrecht. Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za DECLARATION By submitting this dissertation electronically, I declare that the entirety of the work contained therein is my own, original work, that I am the owner of the copyright thereof (unless to the extent explicitly otherwise stated) and that I have not previously in its entirety or in part submitted it for obtaining any qualification. December 2017 Date The financial assistance of the South African National Research Foundation (NRF) towards this research is hereby acknowledged. Opinions expressed and conclusions arrived at, are those of the author and are not necessarily to be attributed to the NRF. The author also wishes to acknowledge the financial assistance provided by EUROSA of the European Union, and the Foundation Study Fund for South African Students of Zuid-Afrikahuis. Copyright © 2017 Stellenbosch University Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za For Helgard, my best friend and unconquerable companion – all my favourite spaces have you in them; thanks for sharing them with me For Hester, who made it possible for me to do what I love For Theresa, who always takes the stairs Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za ABSTRACT Elements of language that are typically considered to have P (i.e. adpositional) category status frequently exhibit divergent morphosyntactic properties, and it is often the case that one and the same element exhibits divergent morphosyntactic properties. Such elements are syncretic. An important fact about syncretism is that it poses a challenge to the ontologically primitive syntactic category. With a concentrated focus on the Afrikaans spatial P domain, this dissertation develops a system in which observed patterns of syncretism fall out naturally from (i) the fine-grained cartographic structure of the non-primitive P domain, (ii) the “shape” of the formal featural specification on particular (classes of) P elements, and (iii) a theory of how lexical material is matched and inserted to express syntactic structure. In this system, syntactic categories are not ontologically primitive but are composite syntactic objects consisting of (overlapping) sets of hierarchically structured formal features. Category effects – all the morphosyntactic characteristics associated with a particular category – arise as epiphenomena of the particular set of features that an element lexicalises at a particular insertion site. As the book progresses, it is demonstrated how all the language-internal variation in expressions containing P elements – simplex and complex prepositional phrases, circumpositional phrases, doubling adpositional phrases, and particle verbs with P-based particles – can be derived from the same basic structure. On the proposed analysis, category boundaries are non-discreet and may be spanned by individual lexical items, accounting for the multiple macro-category membership of some P elements using precisely the same mechanisms that account for multiple micro-category membership. Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za OPSOMMING Elemente van taal wat tipies beskou word as lede van die P (d.i. adposisionele)- kategorie, vertoon dikwels uiteenlopende morfosintaktiese eienskappe, en dit is trouens dikwels die geval dat een en dieselfde element uiteenlopende morfosintaktiese eienskappe vertoon. Sulke elemente word beskryf as sinkreties. Vanuit ’n ontologiese perspektief, skep die verskynsel van sinkretisme ’n belangrike uitdaging vir die idee van ’n primitiewe sintaktiese kategorie. Met spesifieke fokus op die Afrikaanse ruimtelike P-domein, word daar in hierdie studie ’n raamwerk ontwikkel waarbinne waargenome patrone van sinkretisme die natuurlike uitkoms is van (i) die fyn gegreinde kartografiese struktuur van die nie- primitiewe P-domein, (ii) die “vorm” van die formele kenmerkspesifikasie by spesifieke (klasse van) P-elemente, en (iii) ’n teorie oor hoe leksikale materiaal onderling gepas en ingevoeg word om uitdrukking te gee aan sintaktiese struktuur. In hierdie raamwerk verteenwoordig sintaktiese kategorieë nie ontologiese primitiewe nie, maar saamgestelde sintaktiese objekte wat bestaan uit (oorvleuende) stelle hiërargies-gestruktureerde formele kenmerke. Kategorie effekte – al die morfosintaktiese eienskappe wat geassosieer word met ’n spesifieke kategorie – onstaan as epifenomene van die besondere stel kenmerke wat deur ’n element geleksikaliseer word by ’n spesifieke invoegingspunt. In die loop van die studie word getoon hoe al die taal-interne variasie wat gevind word by uitdrukkings waarin P- elemente voorkom – d.w.s. simplekse en komplekse preposisionele frases, sirkumposisionele frases, verdubbeling adposisionele frases, en partikelwerkwoorde met P-gebaseerde partikels – afgelei kan word vanaf dieselfde basiese struktuur. In terme van die voorgestelde analise, is kategorie-grense nie-diskreet en kan hulle oorspan word deur individuele leksikale items. Die meervoudige makro-kategorie lidmaatskap van sommige P-element kan gevolglik verantwoord word met presies dieselfde meganismes wat gebruik word om meervoudige mikro-kategorie lidmaatskap te verklaar. Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za i TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS CHAPTER 1: P IS NOT PRIMITIVE 1.0 Prelude ................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Puzzle and Proposal ............................................................................................ 3 1.2 Empirical and Theoretical Scope .................................................................... 10 1.3 Micro-Categories in the Afrikaans P Zone ..................................................... 14 1.4 Chapters Outline............................................................................................... 17 1.5 Summary ........................................................................................................... 18 1.6 ADDENDUM TO CHAPTER 1: Selected Concepts and Terminology ................ 19 1.6.1 Spatial Entities: Figure and Ground ............................................................. 19 1.6.2 Locative and Directional .............................................................................. 21 1.6.3 Lexical Entries and Exponents .................................................................... 21 1.6.4 Spellout, Matching, and Insertion ................................................................ 22 CHAPTER 2: SYNCRETISM AND FORMAL RANGE POTENTIAL 2.0 Introduction ...................................................................................................... 23 2.1 Formal Range Potential (FRaP) ...................................................................... 24 2.2 Syncretism ......................................................................................................... 30 2.2.1 Modelling Syncretism .................................................................................. 32 2.2.2 Taking Stock: A Choice for the Hierarchical Model ................................... 37 2.2.3 Syncretism in the Afrikaans P Zone ............................................................ 40 2.3 Interim summary .............................................................................................. 50 2.4 Deriving Syncretism: A Functional Hierarchy in the P Zone ....................... 51 2.4.1 Spellout: Mapping Form to Meaning ........................................................... 51 2.4.2 Late Insertion ............................................................................................... 58 2.5 Concluding Remarks: Category Effects ......................................................... 62 Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za ii CHAPTER 3: REPRESENTING SPATIAL RELATIONS 3.0 Introduction ...................................................................................................... 65 3.1 A Recap of the Fundamentals .......................................................................... 66 3.2. The Fine Structure of P ................................................................................... 68 3.2.1 Non-recursion in P ....................................................................................... 68 3.2.2 Little-p ......................................................................................................... 71 3.3 The Fine Structure of V: Ramchand (2008) ................................................... 76 3.3.1 Event Structure ............................................................................................ 76 3.3.2 Argument Structure ..................................................................................... 78 3.3.3 Thematic and Rhematic Material ................................................................. 81 3.4 Movement, Merge, and Morphological Metatheory ...................................... 85 3.5 Overview of the Analysis .................................................................................
Recommended publications
  • Introduction, Page 1

    Introduction, Page 1

    Introduction, page 1 Introduction This book is concerned with how structure, meaning and communicative function interact in human languages. Language is a system of communicative social action in which grammatical structures are employed to express meaning in context. While all languages can achieve the same basic communicative ends, different languages use different linguistic means to achieve them, and an important aspect of these differences concerns the divergent ways syntax, semantics and pragmatics interact across languages. For example, the noun phrase referring to the entity being talked about (the ‘topic’) may be signalled by its position in the clause, by its grammatical function, by its morphological case, or by a particle in different languages, and moreover in some languages this marking may have grammatical consequences and in other languages it may not. The framework in which this investigation is to be carried out is Role and Reference Grammar [RRG].1 RRG grew out of an attempt to answer two basic questions, which were originally posed during the mid-1970’s: (i) what would linguistic theory look like if it were based on the analysis of Lakhota, Tagalog and Dyirbal, rather than on the analysis of English?, and (ii) how can the interaction of syntax, semantics and pragmatics in different grammatical systems best be captured and explained? Accordingly, RRG has developed descriptive tools and theoretical principles which are designed to expose this interaction and offer explanations for it. It posits three main representations: (1) a representation of the syntactic structure of sentences, which corresponds to the actual structural form of utterances, (2) a semantic representation representing important facets of the meaning of linguistic expressions, and (3) a representation of the information (focus) structure of the utterance, which is related to its communicative function.
  • Faculty of Humanities Welcome to the Faculty of Humanities the Faculty of Humanities Is One of the Oldest and Most Respected Humanities Faculties in South Africa

    Faculty of Humanities Welcome to the Faculty of Humanities the Faculty of Humanities Is One of the Oldest and Most Respected Humanities Faculties in South Africa

    University of Pretoria Yearbook 2017 Faculty of Humanities Welcome to the Faculty of Humanities The Faculty of Humanities is one of the oldest and most respected Humanities faculties in South Africa. Established more than 100 years ago, the Faculty of Humanities at the University of Pretoria has a long tradition of and extensive experience in providing undergraduate and postgraduate programmes in a wide range of disciplines in the languages, arts, and the social sciences. Faculty regulations and information The rules for degrees, diplomas and certificates published here are subject to change and may be amended prior to the commencement of the academic year. The General Regulations (G. Regulations) apply to all faculties of the University of Pretoria. It is expected of each student to familiarise himself or herself well with these regulations. Ignorance concerning these regulations will not be accepted as an excuse for any transgression. Also consult General Rules and Information on the Yearbook website for additional information. 1. Transfer to the Faculty of Humanities The closing date for application to be transferred to the Faculty of Humanities is 31 October. 1.1 Internal application to transfer (from another Faculty to Humanities or from one Humanities degree to another) ● Students who apply to transfer to the Faculty of Humanities submit an application to transfer, as well as a letter of motivation, in order to be considered for admission. ● A student applying to transfer in the following year: the Committee considers the AP score according to the Faculty requirements, as well as the student's academic performance during the preceding year (as stipulated in Faculty Regulation 3.10.1 below).
  • Adaptation in the Lowveld Veld

    Adaptation in the Lowveld Veld

    CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by Wits Institutional Repository on DSPACE Lucy Higgins 0507792K Adaptation in the Lowveld A comparative case study of the live-action to 3D animation filmic adaptation of Duncan MacNeillie’s Jock of the Bushveld A research report submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts by coursework in Digital Animation University of the Witwatersrand Wits School of Arts – Digital Arts 15 November 2012 Supervisor: Hanli Geyser Higgins 1 Declaration I hereby declare that this dissertation is my own work. It is submitted for the degree of Master of Arts at the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg. It has not been previously submitted for any degree or examination at any other university. Lucy Higgins 15th day of November, 2012 Higgins 2 Acknowledgements I would like to thank my supervisor Hanli Geyser for her unwavering support throughout the course of this research project, her guidance has proved invaluable. I would also like to thank Christo Doherty for assisting me during the early stages of my proposal preparation. I would like to thank Duncan MacNeillie for taking time out of his busy schedule to grant me an interview and provide the basis upon which this entire report is built. Thank you to my parents, Michael and Rebecca, and my sister Charlotte for their support, encouragement and understanding, as well as financial support. Lastly, thank you to Aidan, Sandy and Greg for all the belief and encouragement you have shown me during this process. Higgins 3 Contents Introduction: ..........................................................................................................................................
  • Introduction: Complex Adpositions and Complex Nominal Relators Benjamin Fagard, José Pinto De Lima, Elena Smirnova, Dejan Stosic

    Introduction: Complex Adpositions and Complex Nominal Relators Benjamin Fagard, José Pinto De Lima, Elena Smirnova, Dejan Stosic

    Introduction: Complex Adpositions and Complex Nominal Relators Benjamin Fagard, José Pinto de Lima, Elena Smirnova, Dejan Stosic To cite this version: Benjamin Fagard, José Pinto de Lima, Elena Smirnova, Dejan Stosic. Introduction: Complex Adpo- sitions and Complex Nominal Relators. Benjamin Fagard, José Pinto de Lima, Dejan Stosic, Elena Smirnova. Complex Adpositions in European Languages : A Micro-Typological Approach to Com- plex Nominal Relators, 65, De Gruyter Mouton, pp.1-30, 2020, Empirical Approaches to Language Typology, 978-3-11-068664-7. 10.1515/9783110686647-001. halshs-03087872 HAL Id: halshs-03087872 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-03087872 Submitted on 24 Dec 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Public Domain Benjamin Fagard, José Pinto de Lima, Elena Smirnova & Dejan Stosic Introduction: Complex Adpositions and Complex Nominal Relators Benjamin Fagard CNRS, ENS & Paris Sorbonne Nouvelle; PSL Lattice laboratory, Ecole Normale Supérieure, 1 rue Maurice Arnoux, 92120 Montrouge, France [email protected]
  • Australian Settler Bush Huts and Indigenous Bark-Strippers: Origins and Influences

    Australian Settler Bush Huts and Indigenous Bark-Strippers: Origins and Influences

    Australian settler bush huts and Indigenous bark-strippers: Origins and influences Ray Kerkhove and Cathy Keys [email protected], [email protected] Abstract This article considers the history of the Australian bush hut and its common building material: bark sheeting. It compares this with traditional Aboriginal bark sheeting and cladding, and considers the role of Aboriginal ‘bark strippers’ and Aboriginal builders in establishing salient features of the bush hut. The main focus is the Queensland region up to the 1870s. Introduction For over a century, studies of vernacular architectures in Australia prioritised European high-style colonial vernacular traditions.1 Critical analyses of early Australian colonial vernacular architecture, such as the bush or bark huts of early settlers, were scarce.2 It was assumed Indigenous influences on any European-Australian architecture could not have been consequential.3 This mirrored the global tendency of architectural research, focusing on Western tradi- tions and overlooking Indigenous contributions.4 Over the last two decades, greater appreciation for Australian Indigenous archi- tectures has arisen, especially through Paul Memmott’s ground-breaking Gunyah, Goondie and Wurley: The Indigenous Architecture of Australia (2007). This was recently enhanced by Our Voices: Indigeneity and Architecture (2018) and the Handbook of Indigenous Architecture (2018). The latter volumes located architec- tural expressions of Indigenous identity within broader international movements.5 Despite growing interest in the crossover of Australian Indigenous architectural expertise into early colonial vernacular architectures,6 consideration of intercultural architectural exchange remains limited.7 This article focuses on the early settler Australian bush hut – specifically its widespread use of bark sheets as cladding.
  • An Analysis of Dilemmas in English Composition Among Asian College Students Shuko Nawa University of North Florida

    An Analysis of Dilemmas in English Composition Among Asian College Students Shuko Nawa University of North Florida

    UNF Digital Commons UNF Graduate Theses and Dissertations Student Scholarship 1995 An Analysis Of Dilemmas In English Composition Among Asian College Students Shuko Nawa University of North Florida Suggested Citation Nawa, Shuko, "An Analysis Of Dilemmas In English Composition Among Asian College Students" (1995). UNF Graduate Theses and Dissertations. 83. https://digitalcommons.unf.edu/etd/83 This Master's Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Scholarship at UNF Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in UNF Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of UNF Digital Commons. For more information, please contact Digital Projects. © 1995 All Rights Reserved AN ANALYSIS OF DILEMMAS IN ENGLISH COMPOSITION AMONG ASIAN COLLEGE STUDENTS by Shuko Nawa A thesis submitted to the Department of Curriculum and Instruction in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Education UNIVERSITY OF NORTH FLORIDA COLLEGE OF EDUCATION AND HUMAN SERVICES May, 1995 Unpublished work © Shuko Nawa Certificate of Approval The thesis ofShuko Nawa is approved: (Date) Signature Deleted Signature Deleted Signature Deleted Accepted for the Division: Signature Deleted Chairperson Accepted for the College: Signature Deleted Accepted for the University Signature Deleted Dedication and Acknowledgement This study is dedicated to the researcher's father, Nobuhide Nawa, who taught the importance of learning and exhibited continuous efforts to become a better person through his life. The researcher gratefully acknowledges the assistance of Dr. Priscilla VanZandt, Dr. Patricia Ellis, and Mrs. Mary Thornton in preparing research materials. Conscientious reviewing by Miss Suzanne Fuss is also deeply appreciated. The researcher would like to extend special thanks to Dr.
  • Quintessential Australian Bush and Outback

    Quintessential Australian Bush and Outback

    LUXURY LODGES OF AUSTRALIA SUGGESTED ITINERARIES Darwin QUINTESSENTIAL 3 Kununurra Alice Springs Ayers Rock (Uluru) + Brisbane AUSTRALIAN BUSH 1 2 AND OUTBACK Sydney EXPLORATION TOTAL SUGGESTED NIGHTS: 9 nights Plus suggested add-on and extra nights at arrival or departure if desired. Meander off the beaten track with this quintessential Australian itinerary, exploring the bush and outback with the support of a knowledgeable and passionate team of hosts and guides. This itinerary encourages guests immerse themselves in Australia’s environment, wildlife and diverse natural landscapes. FROM BRISBANE DRIVE 2 HRS TO SPICERS PEAK LODGE. 1 Spicers Peak Lodge Scenic Rim, South East Queensland (3 Nights) Located on 8000 acres at the peak of the ridge, with breathtaking views of the World Heritage listed Main Range National Park and Scenic Rim, Spicers Peak Lodge is Queensland’s highest mountain lodge retreat. A selection of must do’s • Arrange for a picnic hamper to be delivered to one of many scenic picnic locations around the 8,000 acre property. A table can be set for guests to arrive at the location, after a bike ride or walk, to chilled champagne, stunning views and nothing to unpack. • Complimentary mountain bikes are provided to experience the great outdoors at its best. There are plenty of opportunities for the experienced fit biker as well as the more leisurely rider to enjoy this bush experience. • Star Gazing – In the evenings the magnificence of the Southern sky spreads out all around. Learn about the various constellations from your local guide. 2 HR DRIVE TO BRISBANE AIRPORT, 1.5 HR FLIGHT TO SYDNEY AIRPORT, 3 HR DRIVE TO EMIRATES WOLGAN VALLEY OR 30 MIN PRIVATE HELICOPTER TRANSFER.
  • 19Th Century Tragedy, Victory, and Divine Providence As the Foundations of an Afrikaner National Identity

    19Th Century Tragedy, Victory, and Divine Providence As the Foundations of an Afrikaner National Identity

    Georgia State University ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University History Theses Department of History Spring 5-7-2011 19th Century Tragedy, Victory, and Divine Providence as the Foundations of an Afrikaner National Identity Kevin W. Hudson Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/history_theses Part of the History Commons Recommended Citation Hudson, Kevin W., "19th Century Tragedy, Victory, and Divine Providence as the Foundations of an Afrikaner National Identity." Thesis, Georgia State University, 2011. https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/history_theses/45 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of History at ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in History Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 19TH CENTURY TRAGEDY, VICTORY, AND DIVINE PROVIDENCE AS THE FOUNDATIONS OF AN AFRIKANER NATIONAL IDENTITY by KEVIN W. HUDSON Under the DireCtion of Dr. Mohammed Hassen Ali and Dr. Jared Poley ABSTRACT Apart from a sense of racial superiority, which was certainly not unique to white Cape colonists, what is clear is that at the turn of the nineteenth century, Afrikaners were a disparate group. Economically, geographically, educationally, and religiously they were by no means united. Hierarchies existed throughout all cross sections of society. There was little political consciousness and no sense of a nation. Yet by the end of the nineteenth century they had developed a distinct sense of nationalism, indeed of a volk [people; ethnicity] ordained by God. The objective of this thesis is to identify and analyze three key historical events, the emotional sentiments evoked by these nationalistic milestones, and the evolution of a unified Afrikaner identity that would ultimately be used to justify the abhorrent system of apartheid.
  • SECONDARY Education Resource

    SECONDARY Education Resource

    Shearing the rams painted at Brocklesby station, Corowa, New South Wales, and Melbourne, 1888–90 oil on canvas mounted on board 121.9 x 182.6 cm National Gallery of Victoria, Melbourne, Felton Bequest Fund, 1932 SECONDARY Education resource Secondary Education Resource 1 For teachers How to use this secondary student learning resource This extraordinary exhibition CURRICULUM ALIGNMENT brings together Tom Roberts’ most famous paintings loved by All the themes in the Tom Roberts exhibition can be used with visual arts students from Year 7–10 and beyond. all Australians. Paintings such as Some may be more relevant to specific years given connections to other learning areas such as History and Shearing the rams 1888–90 and Civics and Citizenship at the same level as outlined under A break away! 1891 are among each theme that follows. the nation’s best-known works The Arts – Visual Arts: Year 7 and 8 of art. • Experiment with visual arts conventions and techniques (ACAVAM118) Tom Roberts is a major exhibition of works from the • Develop ways to enhance their intentions as artists national collection as well as private and public collections through exploration of how artists use materials, from around Australia. techniques, technologies and processes (ACAVAM119) • Develop planning skills for art-making by exploring The secondary student learning resource for the Tom techniques and processes used by different artists Roberts exhibition highlights the relevance of Roberts’ (ACAVAM120) oeuvre to today’s contemporary world. Themes explored include Australian life, landscape, portraiture, Federation • Practise techniques and processes to enhance and making a nation, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander representation of ideas in their art-making (ACAVAM121) histories, immigration and the influences of other artists.
  • Package 'Tidytext'

    Package 'Tidytext'

    Package ‘tidytext’ February 19, 2018 Type Package Title Text Mining using 'dplyr', 'ggplot2', and Other Tidy Tools Version 0.1.7 Description Text mining for word processing and sentiment analysis using 'dplyr', 'ggplot2', and other tidy tools. License MIT + file LICENSE LazyData TRUE URL http://github.com/juliasilge/tidytext BugReports http://github.com/juliasilge/tidytext/issues RoxygenNote 6.0.1 Depends R (>= 2.10) Imports rlang, dplyr, stringr, hunspell, broom, Matrix, tokenizers, janeaustenr, purrr (>= 0.1.1), methods, stopwords Suggests readr, tidyr, XML, tm, quanteda, knitr, rmarkdown, ggplot2, reshape2, wordcloud, topicmodels, NLP, scales, gutenbergr, testthat, mallet, stm VignetteBuilder knitr NeedsCompilation no Author Gabriela De Queiroz [ctb], Oliver Keyes [ctb], David Robinson [aut], Julia Silge [aut, cre] Maintainer Julia Silge <[email protected]> Repository CRAN Date/Publication 2018-02-19 19:46:02 UTC 1 2 bind_tf_idf R topics documented: bind_tf_idf . .2 cast_sparse . .3 cast_tdm . .4 corpus_tidiers . .5 dictionary_tidiers . .6 get_sentiments . .6 get_stopwords . .7 lda_tidiers . .8 mallet_tidiers . 10 nma_words . 12 parts_of_speech . 12 sentiments . 13 stm_tidiers . 14 stop_words . 16 tdm_tidiers . 17 tidy.Corpus . 18 tidytext . 19 tidy_triplet . 19 unnest_tokens . 20 Index 22 bind_tf_idf Bind the term frequency and inverse document frequency of a tidy text dataset to the dataset Description Calculate and bind the term frequency and inverse document frequency of a tidy text dataset, along with the product, tf-idf, to
  • A Customizable Speech Practice Application for People Who Stutter

    A Customizable Speech Practice Application for People Who Stutter

    Rollins College Rollins Scholarship Online Honors Program Theses Spring 2021 A Customizable Speech Practice Application for People Who Stutter Eric Grimm [email protected] Nikola Vuckovic Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.rollins.edu/honors Part of the Other Computer Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Grimm, Eric and Vuckovic, Nikola, "A Customizable Speech Practice Application for People Who Stutter" (2021). Honors Program Theses. 154. https://scholarship.rollins.edu/honors/154 This Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by Rollins Scholarship Online. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Program Theses by an authorized administrator of Rollins Scholarship Online. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 1 A Customizable Speech Practice Application for People Who Stutter Eric Grimm and Nikola Vuckovic Rollins College 2 Abstract Stuttering is a speech impediment that often requires speech therapy to curb the symptoms. In speech therapy, people who stutter (PWS) learn techniques that they can use to improve their fluency. PWS often practice their techniques extensively in order to maintain fluent speech. Many listen to audio recordings to practice where a single word or sentence is played on the recording and then there is a pause, giving the user a chance to say the word(s) to practice. This style of practice is not customizable and is repetitive since the contents do not change. Thus, we have developed an application for iPhone that uses a text-to-speech API to read single words and sentences to PWS, so that they can practice their techniques. Each practice mode is customizable in that the user can choose to practice certain sounds that they struggle with, and the app will respond by choosing words that start with the desired sound or generate sentences that contain several words that start with the desired sound.
  • Think Python

    Think Python

    Think Python How to Think Like a Computer Scientist 2nd Edition, Version 2.4.0 Think Python How to Think Like a Computer Scientist 2nd Edition, Version 2.4.0 Allen Downey Green Tea Press Needham, Massachusetts Copyright © 2015 Allen Downey. Green Tea Press 9 Washburn Ave Needham MA 02492 Permission is granted to copy, distribute, and/or modify this document under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported License, which is available at http: //creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/. The original form of this book is LATEX source code. Compiling this LATEX source has the effect of gen- erating a device-independent representation of a textbook, which can be converted to other formats and printed. http://www.thinkpython2.com The LATEX source for this book is available from Preface The strange history of this book In January 1999 I was preparing to teach an introductory programming class in Java. I had taught it three times and I was getting frustrated. The failure rate in the class was too high and, even for students who succeeded, the overall level of achievement was too low. One of the problems I saw was the books. They were too big, with too much unnecessary detail about Java, and not enough high-level guidance about how to program. And they all suffered from the trap door effect: they would start out easy, proceed gradually, and then somewhere around Chapter 5 the bottom would fall out. The students would get too much new material, too fast, and I would spend the rest of the semester picking up the pieces.