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Imago Mortis II List of Figures Visualising the Middle Ages list of figures I Imago Mortis II list of figures Visualising the Middle Ages Edited by Eva Frojmovic, University of Leeds (UK) Editorial Board Madeline H. Caviness, Tufts University (USA) Catherine Harding, University of Victoria (Canada) Diane Wolfthal, Rice University (USA) VOLUME 9 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/vma list of figures III Imago Mortis Mediating Images of Death in Late Medieval Culture By Ashby Kinch LEIDEN • BOSTON 2013 Cover illustration: Deathbed scene illustrating French translation of Suso’s Horlogium Sapientiae, Brussels,IV Bibliothèque Royale, MS. IV III (c.list 1450), of fol.figures 95. Reproduction courtesy of Bibliothèque Royale de Belgique. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Kinch, Ashby. Imago mortis : mediating images of death in late medieval culture / by Ashby Kinch. pages cm. -- (Visualising the Middle Ages, ISSN 1874-0448 ; volume 9) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-90-04-24369-9 (hardback : acid-free paper) -- ISBN 978-90-04-24581-5 (e-book) 1. Death in art. 2. Death in literature. 3. Art, Medieval--History. 4. Literature, Medieval--History and criticism. 5. Visual communication--Europe--History--To 1500. 6. Middle Ages. 7. Europe-- Intellectual life. 8. Death--Social aspects--Europe--History--To 1500. 9. Europe--Social conditions-- To 1492. I. Title. N8217.D5K56 2013 700’.45480902--dc23 2012047174 This publication has been typeset in the multilingual “Brill” typeface. With over 5,100 characters covering Latin, IPA, Greek, and Cyrillic, this typeface is especially suitable for use in the humanities. For more information, please see www.brill.com/brill-typeface. ISSN 1874-0448 ISBN 978 90 04 24369 9 (hardback) ISBN 978 90 04 24581 5 (e-book) Copyright 2013 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Global Oriental, Hotei Publishing, IDC Publishers and Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Koninklijke Brill NV provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. Fees are subject to change. This book is printed on acid-free paper. list of figures V Contents List of Figures . VII Preface . XIII Introduction: The Mediating Image of Death . 1 xvi Section ONE Facing Death Chapter One “Yet mercie thou shal have”: Affirmative Visions of Dying in Illustrations of Henry Suso’s “De Scientia” . 35 Chapter Two Verbo-Visual Mirrors of Mortality in Thomas Hoccleve’s “Lerne for to Die”. 69 Section Two Facing THE DEAD Chapter Three Commemorating Power in the Legend of the Three Living and Three Dead. 109 Chapter Four Spiritual, Artistic, and Political Economies of Death: Audelay’s Three Dead Kings and the Lancastrian Cadaver Tomb . 145 Section THREE THE COMMUNITY OF Death Chapter Five “My stile I wille directe”: Lydgate and the Bedford Workshop Reinvent the Danse Macabre. 185 Chapter Six The Parlementaire, the Mayor, and the Crisis of Community in the Danse Macabre. 227 Epilogue: The Afterlives of Medieval Images of Death . 261 Bibliography . 281 Index . 297 302 VI list of figures list of figures VII List of Figures Introduction 1 The Legend of the Three Living and Three Dead, north wall, Raunds, St. Peter (Northamptonshire), England (ca. 1420). Photograph by Ashby Kinch . 13 2 Memorial Brass of Thomas Gooding, Norwich Cathedral (Norfolk), England (mid-15th c.). Photograph by Ashby Kinch . 14 3 Mural paintings of Legend of the Three Living and Three Dead (upper panel) and Danse Macabre (lower panel), Meslay-le- Grenet, Sts. Orien and Blaise (late 15th c.); Photograph by Ashby Kinch . 18 4 Detail of Three Living and figures from the Danse Macabre: Patriarch, Constable, Archbishop, Knight, Bishop, Squire; Meslay-le-Grenet, Sts. Orien and Blaise (late 15th c.); Photograph by Ashby Kinch . 19 Chapter 1 1 Deathbed scene illustrating French translation of Suso’s Horlogium Sapientiae, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek Munchen Cod. gall. 28 (mid-15th c.), fol. 5v. Reproduction courtesy of the Bayerische StaatsBibliothek. 41 2 Deathbed scene illustrating French translation of Suso’s Horlogium Sapientiae, Brussels, Bibliothèque Royale, MS. IV III (c. 1450), fol. 95. Reproduction courtesy of Bibliothèque Royale de Belgique . 42 3 Deathbed scene illustrating Middle English translation of the “De Scientia” chapter of Suso’s Horlogium Sapientiae, London, British Library Additional MS 37049 (1460–70), fol. 38v. Reproduction courtesy of the British Library. 43 4 Scenes illustrating a Middle English translation of the “De Scientia” chapter of Suso’s Horlogium Sapientiae, London, British Library, Additional MS 37049 (1460–70), fol. 39v. Reproduction courtesy of the British Library. 43 5 Deathbed scene illustrating a Vado Mori poem, London, British Library, Cotton Faustina B. VI, Pt. II, fol. 1v-2 (1420–1430). Reproduction courtesy of the British Library. 61 VIII list of figures 6 Deathbed scene illustrating a Vado Mori poem, London, British Library Additional MS 37049 (1460–70), fol. 19r. Reproduction courtesy of the British Library. 62 Chapter 2 1 Deathbed scene illustrating Thomas Hoccleve’s “Lerne for to die,” a translation of the “De Scientia” of Suso’s Horologium Sapientiae, Oxford, Bodley MS Selden Supra 53 (ca 1430), fol. 118. Reproduction courtesy of the Bodleian Library . 70 2 Female Allegorical Death Throwing Darts, Cathedral of Notre- Dames-Des-Domes, Avignon (late 13th c.). Photograph by Ashby Kinch . 86 3 Illustration of Death as a Woman, Guillaume DeGuileville, Pélerinage de la Vie Humaine. Bibliothèque Nationale de France MS Fr. 376, fol. 87. Reproduction courtesy of the Bibliothèque Nationale de France. 86 Chapter 3 1 Mural painting of: a) Three Dead with Auctor figure (far left); and b) Three Living (tucked behind modern-day entryway; unobservable from Church nave) and Three Dead, Avignon, Cathedral of Notre Dame-des-Domes (c. 1320). Photograph by Ashby Kinch. 112 2 Ennezat (Auvergne), France, mural painting of Three Living and Three Dead (ca. 1420). Photograph by Amy and Ashby Kinch. 113 3 Mural painting of St. Francis and a dead king, Lower Church of San Francesco, Assisi, Italy (early 14th c). Photograph courtesy of Scala /Art Resource . 114 4 Image depicting the Three Living (with Dead counterparts missing). MS G 50, De Lisle Hours (early 14th c.), fol. 6v. Reproduction courtesy of the Pierpont Morgan Library, New York. 114 5 Three Living and Three Dead, Psalter and Hours of Bonne De Luxembourg, New York, Metropolitan Museum, Cloisters Collection, MS 69.86 (before 1349), fol. 320v-321. Reproduction courtesy of the Metropolitan Museum / Images for Academic Publishing. 133 list of figures IX 6 Three Living and Three Dead, Petites Heures of Jean, Duke of Berry Bibliothèque Nationale de France MS lat. 18014 (ca. 1375), fol, 282. Reproduction courtesy of the Bibliothèque Nationale de France. 135 7 Three Living and Three Dead, Trés Riches Heures of Jean, Duke of Berry, Chantilly, Musée Condé, MS 65 (1411–15), fol 86. Reproduction courtesy of Réunion des Musées Nationaux / Art Resource, N.Y.. 139 Chapter 4 1 Mural painting of the Three Living and Three Dead. Wick- hampton, St. Andrew, Norfolk, England (ca. 1360). Photograph by Ashby Kinch . 151 2 Fragmentary mural painting of the: a) Three Living and Three Dead (I living and 1 dead destroyed completely by a window redesign; 2 extant dead figures obscured by modern memorials); b) Adoration of the Magi, Heydon, St. Peter and St. Paul, Norfolk, England (late 14th c). Photographs by Ashby Kinch . 163 3 Mural paintings of: a) St. Christopher; b) Death and the Seven Deadly Sins; c) The Three Living and Three Dead Raunds, St. Peter, (Northamptonshire), England, (ca. 1420). Photograph by Ashby Kinch. 168-169 4 Mural painting of the Three Living and Three Dead. Paston, St. Margaret (Norfolk), England (1370). Photograph by Ashby Kinch . 169 5 a) Memorial Tomb of Archbishop Chichele; close-up of b) effigy and c) cadaver. Canterbury Cathedral, England (ca. 1426). Pho- to graphs by Ashby Kinch . 172 6 Memorial Brass of Thomas Gooding, Norwich Cathedral (Norfolk), England (mid-15th c.). Photograph by Ashby Kinch . 173 7 a) Cadaver tomb of Cardinal La Grange with surviving sculptures of: b) Louis of Orleans and c) Charles VI, Avignon, Church of the Benedictine College of St. Martial, France. (ca. 1402). Photographs by Ashby Kinch. 174 8 Cadaver tomb of John Baret; ceiling mosaic above Baret’s tomb; Bury St-Edmunds, St Mary (Suffolk), England (ca. 1467). Photographs by Ashby Kinch. 178 X list of figures Chapter 5 1 Figures from the Danse Macabre: a) Constable and Bishop; b) Minstrel and Clerk; details from the Abbey Church of La Chaise- Dieu, France (ca. 1470). Photographs by Ashby Kinch . 187 2 a) The Auctor with Angelus; and b) the Auctor with the Dead King, from the Danse Macabre at Meslay-le-Grenet, Sts. Orien and Blaise (Eure-et-Loire), France (late 15th c.). Photographs by Ashby Kinch. 189 3 Auctor from the Danse Macabre cycle in the Office of the Dead from The Pierpont Morgan Library, New York. MS M.359 (1430– 5), fol.123r. Reproduction courtesy of the Pierpont Morgan Library. Photograph by Graham S. Haber. 190 4 a) Sergeant; b) Alexian; c) Carthusian from the Danse Macabre cycle in the Office of the Dead from The Pierpont Morgan Library, New York. MS M.359 (1430–5): fols. 136, detail; 140v, detail; and 147, detail. Reproduction courtesy of the Pierpont Morgan Library. Photograph by Graham S. Haber. 215 5 The Four Abbots: a) Benedictine; Cistercian [fol 131, not pictured]; b) Dominican; c) Hospitaller; from the Danse Macabre cycle in the Office of the Dead from The Pierpont Morgan Library, New York.
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