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Study Among the Victims of Child Sexual Abuse in the City of Chennai

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Study Among the Victims of Child Sexual Abuse in the City of Chennai IMPACT: International Journal of Research in Humanities, Arts and Literature (IMPACT: IJRHAL) ISSN (P): 2347-4564; ISSN (E): 2321-8878 Vol. 7, Issue 5, May 2019, 43-56 © Impact Journals A STUDY AMONG THE VICTIMS OF CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE IN THE CITY OF CHENNAI S. Latha 1 & Lekha Sri. P 2 1Assistant Professor, Department of Criminology, University of Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India 2Research Scholar, Criminology and Criminal Justice Sciences, Department of Criminology, University of Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India Received: 09 Apr 2019 Accepted: 27 Apr 2019 Published: 09 May 2019 ABSTRACT The problem of child abuse is age-old but the dimensions are new. Every day a new way of harassing children takes place in every part of the world. Since it is a continuous problem we can’t leave the same unstudied and un- researched. In the recent past, many incidents of child abuse are being reported in media. This has created a kind of fear among the public. These recent incidences have raised many questions especially on the causes of the child abuse and protection of children. The present study aimed to conduct empirical research on the reported cases of child sexual abuse registered under POCSO Act in the city of Chennai in the year 2018. KEYWORDS: Child Abuse, Child Rape. Sexual Harassment, Victimization INTRODUCTION A child is a person who is going to carry on what you have started. He is going to be where you are sitting and when you are gone, Attend to those things you think are important “ Abraham Lincoln “Children are the treasure of future and assets of the Nation” Mahatma Gandhi Children are the pillars of any country. It is important to focus on the development of children in any country to have a healthy nation. If the children are grown based on their needs with good mental health, education and support the nation can achieve heights. Children need proper education, parental care, peer group support, and social harmony. Unfortunately, certain conditions do not lead to the same and there are a lot of child abuse cases being reported in the country. In India, the rate of child abuse is being increasing day to day, which increases the vulnerability of future abuse. Tamil Nadu is also not spared from the cases of child abuse. In the year 2016, 21856 cases have been reported. In the year 2009, the total number of cases reported is 640. Out of the total crimes reported, Tamil Nadu contributes 8.1% among the child abuse cases which is definitely significant. Even this number is not a confirmed one as there are many cases which go unreported. The recent cases reported in Tamil Nadu like the one reported in Aynavaram, Chennai where Impact Factor(JCC): 3.7985 - This article can be downloaded from www.impactjournals.us 44 S. Latha & Lekha Sri. P an 11yearold differently-abled girl child was sexually abused, a case on Thiruvallur district where a girl child wassexually abused and assaulted, have created a kind of panic among the parents. Parents are in a dilemma to send the children to the schools. Even recently the Tamil Nadu Police have made an announcement to the parents that not to leave their children below 10 years unattended as there is a threat of they being kidnapped and sold for various purposes by a group of intruders from other States. Based on all the above facts, it was aimed to undertake a study on the child sexual abuse victims which is the worst form of child abuse. Child Abuse and Child Sexual Abuse Definition and Types The World Health Organization (WHO) defines child abuse and child maltreatment as "all forms of physical and/or emotional ill-treatment, sexual abuse, neglect or negligent treatment or commercial or other exploitation, resulting in actual or potential harm to the child's health, survival, development or dignity in the context of a relationship of responsibility, trust or power. The United States Federal Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act defines child abuse and neglect as, at minimum, "any recent act or failure to act on the part of a parent or caretaker which results in death, serious physical or emotional harm, sexual abuse or exploitation" or "an act or failure to act which presents an imminent risk of serious harm" Child Sexual Abuse (CSA) is defined by the Keeping Children and Families Safe Act of 2003, USA and involves : (a) the employment, use, persuasion, inducement, enticement, or coercion of any child to engage in, or assist any other person to engage in, any sexually explicit conduct or simulation of such conduct for the purpose of producing a visual depiction of such conduct; or (b) the rape, and in cases of caretaker or interfamilial relationships, statutory rape, molestation, prostitution, or other form of sexual exploitation of children, or incest with children. Child sexual exploitation includes ownership, production, and supply of sexually explicit images of children; using the Internet to lure children into sexual acts; prostitution of children; and child molestation. Sexual Assault includes any attempted or competed sexual acts with a child or adult who is coerced or forced to engage against their volition. This includes forcible sex offenses such as rape and sodomy. Child sexual abuse, also called child molestation, is a form of child abuse in which an adult or older adolescent uses a child for sexual stimulation. Forms of child sexual abuse include engaging in sexual activities with a child (whether by asking or pressuring, or by other means), indecent exposure (of the genitals organs), child grooming, or using a child to produce child pornography. Basically, child abuse is of four categories; Child Physical Abuse: Physical abuse is an injury resulting from aggressive behavior. Psychological or Emotional Abuse: Psychological Abuse is any behavior or failure to do an act which will affect a child's mental health or social development. It ranges from a simple verbal insult to an extreme form of punishment. Emotional abuse is present in all form abuses and it would have long term psychological effect on the children and would hinder his / her development. Child Sexual Abuse : Child Sexual Abuse is any sexual act between an adult and a child, including penetration, intercourse, incest, rape, oral sex, and sodomy. Other forms of child sexual abuse includes fondling, which is touching or kissing a child's genitals, making a child fondle an adult's genitals, violations of bodily privacy which is forcing a child to NAAS Rating: 3.10- Articles can be sent to [email protected] A Study among the Victims of Child Sexual Abuse in the City of Chennai 45 undress, spying on a child in the bathroom or bedroom, exposing children to adult sexuality which is performing sexual acts in front of a child, exposing genitals, telling “dirty” stories, showing pornography to a child and commercial sexual exploitation which is Sexual exploitation through child prostitution or child pornography. Neglect: Neglect is a very common type of child abuse. According to the Child Welfare Information Gateway, more children suffer from neglect than from physical and sexual abuse combined. Yet victims are not often identified, primarily because neglect is a type of child abuse that is an act of omission - of not doing something. Table 1 Types of Child Abuse Activities Failure to provide food, clothing appropriate for the weather, supervision, a Physical Neglect home that is hygienic and safe, and/or medical care, as needed. Failure to enroll a school-age child in school or to provide necessary special Educational Neglect education. This includes allowing excessive absences from school. Failure to provide emotional support, love, and affection. This includes neglect Emotional Neglect of the child's emotional needs and failure to provide psychological care, as needed. Clothing unsuited to the weather. Being dirty or unbathed. Some Signs of Child Neglect: Extreme hunger. Apparent lack of supervision. The word neglect may feel simple, but it is the most heinous form of child abuse, why because all the other form of abuse turn to happen when neglect ion takes place, when a child is left without proper care or capable guardian it leads to vulnerability of the child. The following are features of child neglect: • Children being left alone without adequate care and supervision • Malnourishment, lacking food, unsuitable food or erratic feeding • Non-organic failure to thrive, i.e. a child not gaining weight due not only to malnutrition but also emotional deprivation • Failure to provide adequate care for the child’s medical and developmental needs, including intellectual stimulation • Inadequate living conditions – unhygienic conditions, environmental issues, including lack of adequate heating and furniture • Lack of adequate clothing • Inattention to basic hygiene • Lack of protection and exposure to danger, including moral danger, or lack of supervision appropriate to the child’s age • Persistent failure to attend school • Abandonment or desertion Impact Factor(JCC): 3.7985 - This article can be downloaded from www.impactjournals.us 46 S. Latha & Lekha Sri. P The rate of child abuse is increasing day by day. More cases are reported in every state. The causes and consequences of child abuse are many. Especially, in the recent past, more child sexual harassment cases are reported and highlighted in the media. This gives a kind of panic and fear among the general public concerning the safety and security of their children. Understanding this fear, a research study was designed and conducted to focus on the child sexual harassment cases reported in the city of Chennai during January – February 2019. There is a need that every child born in the society gets proper care and protection.
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