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Marren Akoth AWITI, IBVM Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Canon

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Marren Akoth AWITI, IBVM Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Canon FORMATION OF WOMEN RELIGIOUS DURING THE PERIOD OF TEMPORARY VOWS WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO THE RELIGIOUS INSTITUTE OF THE BLESSED VIRGIN MARY (LORETO SISTERS) Marren Akoth AWITI, IBVM Thesis submitted to the Faculty of Canon Law, Saint Paul University, Ottawa, Canada, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Canon Law Faculty of Canon Law Saint Paul University ©Marren Akoth AWITI, Ottawa, Canada, 2017 ii ABSTRACT The Church instructs that the formation of religious after first profession, already begun in the novitiate, is to be perfected so that they may acquire the necessary maturity to lead the life of the institute more fully and to carry out its mission more effectively, mindful of the needs of the Church, mission of the institute and condition of people and times (c. 659 § 1). Formation after first profession for non-clerical religious is an innovation of Vatican II. The document Renovationis causam recognizes the necessity and significance of post-novitiate formation in helping the temporarily professed religious attain the required growth towards maturity necessary for permanent commitment. With the promulgation of the 1983 Code of Canon Law, post-novitiate formation is accorded formal legislation and recognized as an intrinsic aspect of religious life. The Code specifies its aims, dimensions and pedagogy, leaving its structure and duration to be designed by individual institutes. The Church requires that each institute draw up a ratio which is structured according to the provisions of universal norms at the same time allowing some latitude for necessary adaptations of aspects which may require revision. Despite the provisions specified in the universal law, together with further directives given in subsequent Holy See documents, formation of religious continues to be a constant challenge to the Church as well as religious institutes. This is due to the constant and rapid changes in human society, in the Church and within religious life itself which create new realities and new needs. This call on the Church to continuously issue new directives which can respond to the challenges in formation brought about by the new realities. For religious institutes, a major concern is the need to update the formation programme. This study seeks to establish the extent of conformity in the implementation of proper law iii to the universal principles on formation during the period of temporary vows in one particular apostolic women’s religious institute and the norms and their adaptations in view of changing circumstances and new realities in the Church and in the Institute. Chapter One traces the evolution of the legislation on formation of lay religious from the 1917 Code, through the Vatican II documents, to the revision and promulgation of the 1983 Code in the context of consecrated life, its identity and role in the Church. Chapter Two gives an analysis of the norms on formation during the period of temporary vows as presented in the 1983 Code and subsequent magisterial documents. Chapter Three treats the principles and structure of formation in the Institute of the Blessed Virgin Mary. Chapter Four focuses on the aspects of the formation programme which demonstrate lack of conformity in their practical application with the principles of universal norms and those norms which require updating as a result of new realities and needs in the Institute, the Church and the world. The chapter offers suggestions for an improved legislation on formation during temporary vows in universal law such as the possibility of revision of certain canons on temporary vows and legislation on a feminine model of formation. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................................... ii TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................................ iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ...................................................................................................... viii ABBREVIATIONS ....................................................................................................................... x GENERAL INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................... 1 CHAPTER ONE: FORMATION DURING THE PERIOD OF TEMPORARY VOWS IN RELIGIOUS INSTITUTES IN THE CANONICAL TRADITION ........................................ 8 Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 8 1.1. The State of Consecrated Life in the Church ................................................................... 9 1.1.1. Formation of Religious as a Constant Concern for the Church ................................ 9 1.1.2. The State of Consecrated Life in the Life and Holiness of the Church .................. 14 1.1.3. The State of Consecrated Life and the Hierarchical Organization of the Church .. 19 1.1.4. The Canonical Structuring of the State of Consecrated Life in the Latin Church .. 24 1.2. Consecrated Life in Religious Institutes ........................................................................ 29 1.2.1. Religious Life and Religious Institutes within the Organizational Structure of Consecrated Life in the Church ........................................................................................ 30 1.2.2. Profession of the Evangelical Counsels .................................................................. 37 1.2.3. Life in Common ...................................................................................................... 39 1.2.4. Withdrawal from the World .................................................................................... 42 1.3. Notion of Formation of Women Religious according to the 1917 Code ....................... 44 1.3.1. Canonical Significance of Constitution Conditae a Christo of Leo XIII (1900) ... 45 1.3.2. Stages of Formation ................................................................................................ 49 1.3.2.1. Postulancy ........................................................................................................ 50 1.3.2.2. Novitiate ........................................................................................................... 51 1.3.2.3. Religious Profession ........................................................................................ 53 1.3.3. The Custom of Dowry of Women Religious .......................................................... 54 1.4. The Impact of Vatican II on Consecrated Life .............................................................. 57 1.4.1. Dogmatic Constitution Lumen gentium .................................................................. 58 1.4.2. Decree Perfectae caritatis ....................................................................................... 61 1.4.3. Decree Ecclesiae Sanctae ....................................................................................... 65 1.4.4. Instruction on the Renewal and Adaptation of Formation for Living the Religious v Life Renovationis causam ................................................................................................. 68 1.5. The process of the Revision of Canon Law on Consecrated Life. ................................. 73 1.5.1. The Principles Governing the Revision of Canon Law on Consecrated Life ......... 73 1.5.2. The 1977 Schema Codicis ....................................................................................... 77 1.5.3. The 1980 Schema Codicis ....................................................................................... 78 1.5.4. The 1982 Schema Codicis ....................................................................................... 79 Conclusion ................................................................................................................................ 80 CHAPTER TWO: FORMATION DURING THE PERIOD OF TEMPORARY VOWS ACCORDING TO THE 1983 CODE AND THE SUBSEQUENT DOCUMENTS .............. 82 Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 82 2.1. The Norms on Formation during the Period of Temporary Vows in the 1983 Code of Canon Law ............................................................................................................................ 83 2.1.1. Formulation of Canon 659 on Formation of Members of Religious Institutes ....... 83 2.1.1.1. Sources of Canon 659 § 1 and § 2 ................................................................... 84 2.1.1.2. Development of Canon 659 § 1 and § 2 in the Drafting Process ..................... 86 2.1.1.3. Analysis of Canon 659 § 1 and § 2 .................................................................. 88 2.1.2. Formulation of Canon 660 on the Pedagogy of Formation .................................... 92 2.1.2.1. Sources of Canon 660 ...................................................................................... 92 2.1.2.2. Development of Canon 660 ............................................................................. 94 2.1.2.3. Analysis of Canon 660 ..................................................................................... 96 2.1.3. Formulation of Canon 661 on the Responsibility of Members and of the Institute on Formation ..................................................................................................................
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