Dinosauria, Saurischia) Do Cretáceo Inferior Da Bacia Sanfranciscana, Município De Coração De Jesus, Minas Gerais, Brasil

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Dinosauria, Saurischia) Do Cretáceo Inferior Da Bacia Sanfranciscana, Município De Coração De Jesus, Minas Gerais, Brasil ROSELY RODRIGUES DA SILVA DESCRIÇÃO OSTEOLÓGICA E POSICIONAMENTO FILOGENÉTICO DE UM TERÓPODE (DINOSAURIA, SAURISCHIA) DO CRETÁCEO INFERIOR DA BACIA SANFRANCISCANA, MUNICÍPIO DE CORAÇÃO DE JESUS, MINAS GERAIS, BRASIL SÃO PAULO 2013 Rosely Rodrigues da Silva DESCRIÇÃO OSTEOLÓGICA E POSICIONAMENTO FILOGENÉTICO DE UM TERÓPODE (DINOSAURIA, SAURISCHIA) DO CRETÁCEO INFERIOR DA BACIA SANFRANCISCANA, MUNICÍPIO DE CORAÇÃO DE JESUS, MINAS GERAIS, BRASIL Dissertação apresentada ao Instituto de Biociências da Universidade de São Paulo, para a obtenção do Título de Mestre em Zoologia, na Área de Zoologia. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Hussam Zaher VERSÃO CORRIGIDA SÃO PAULO 2013 i Silva, Rosely Rodrigues da Descrição osteológica e posicionamento filogenético de um terópode (Dinosauria, Saurischia) do Cretáceo Inferior da Bacia Sanfranciscana, município de Coração de Jesus, Minas Gerais, Brasil. 121p. Dissertação (Mestrado) – Instituto de Biociências da Universidade de São Paulo. Departamento de Zoologia. 1. TheropodaCOMISSÃO 2. Abelisauroidea JULGADORA 3. Eocretáceo 4. Bacia Sanfranciscana – Minas Gerais. I. Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Biociências. Departamento de Zoologia _____________________________ ____________________________ Prof. Dr. Prof. Dr. ____________________________ Prof. Dr. Hussam Zaher VERSÃO CORRIGIDA ii SUMÁRIO AGRADECIMENTOS.....................................................................................................v RESUMO. ......................................................................................................................vii ABSTRACT...................................................................................................................viii 1. INTRODUÇÃO.............................................................................................................1 1.1. Histórico das pesquisas...................................................................................1 1.2. Clado Dinosauria............................................................................................2 1.3. Clado Theropoda............................................................................................4 1.4. Ceratosauria....................................................................................................6 1.5. Coelophysoidea...............................................................................................9 1.6. Tetanurae......................................................................................................10 1.7. Registro geológico de Theropoda, com ênfase em Ceratosauria..................10 1.8. Registros de Theropoda no Brasil.................................................................14 2. GEOLOGIA E PALEONTOLOGIA DA BACIA SANFRANCISCANA.................17 2.1. Sequência deposicional da Bacia Sanfranciscana.........................................17 2.2. Geologia regional da área de estudo.............................................................18 2.3. Registro fóssil da Bacia Sanfranciscana.......................................................19 3. OBJETIVOS................................................................................................................20 4. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS.........................................................................................20 4.1. Preparação e coleta do material fóssil em campo.........................................21 4.2. Preparação do material fóssil em laboratório...............................................22 4.3. Descrição do exemplar MZSP-PV 830.........................................................22 4.4. Análise filogenética......................................................................................23 5. RESULTADOS...........................................................................................................24 5.1 .O status taxonômico a priori de MZSP-PV 830...........................................24 5.2. Descrição do exemplar MZSP-PV 830.........................................................25 5.2.1. Tíbia....................................................................................................26 5.2.2. Fíbula..................................................................................................28 5.2.3. Tarsus.................................................................................................29 5.2.3.1. Astrágalo..............................................................................30 5.2.3.2. Calcâneo..............................................................................31 5.2.4. Pé........................................................................................................31 5.2.4.1. Metatarsal I..........................................................................32 5.2.4.2. Metatarsal II........................................................................33 iii 5.2.4.3. Metatarsal III.......................................................................33 5.2.4.4. Metatarsal IV......................................................................34 5.2.5. Falanges.............................................................................................35 5.2.5.1. Falanges do dígito II............................................................35 5.2.5.2. Falanges do dígito III..........................................................36 5.2.5.3. Falanges do dígito IV...........................................................36 5.3. Análise filogenética..................................................................................................39 5.3.1. Parâmetros da análise........................................................................39 5.3.2. Caracteres acrescentados à análise...................................................39 5.3.3. Resultados...........................................................................................41 6. DISCUSSÃO E CONCLUSÃO.................................................................................44 7. BIBLIOGRAFIA.........................................................................................................47 ANEXO 1. Lista de táxons utilizados para a comparação..............................................68 ANEXO 2. Lista de abreviaturas.....................................................................................71 ANEXO 3. Lista de figuras.............................................................................................72 ANEXO 4. Lista de caracteres........................................................................................94 ANEXO 5. Lista dos apomorfias por clado...................................................................109 ANEXO 6. Matriz de dados empregados na análise.....................................................115 6.1. Matriz no formato TNT.......................................................................115 6.2. Matriz apresentada no formato de tabela............................................ 118 iv AGRADECIMENTOS Existem diversas Instituições e pessoas que deveriam ter seus nomes lembrados, pois contribuíram significantemente para que esta dissertação fosse realizada. Ao Programa de Pós- Graduação em Zoologia do Instituto de Biociências/ USP, pela oportunidade de desenvolvimento do projeto de mestrado e a Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), pela concessão de Bolsa de Mestrado, que permitiu dedicação integral na realização desta dissertação, bem como suporte financeiro para que pudessem ser realizadas as visitas para a comparação dos materiais nas Instituições de Pesquisas e nos Museus na Argentina. À FAPESP, pelo apoio financeiro através do Projeto Temático Vinculado ao Programa Biota, Processo FAPESP 02/13062-4, que fomentaram as campanhas de campo, dentre as quais foi possível coletar o exemplar estudado. Á Willi Hennig Society, que disponibilizou gratuitamente o programa TNT para a análise filogenética do material. Iniciando os agradecimentos pelo meu orientador Prof. Dr. Hussam Zaher pela orientação, disposição e confiança na minha pesquisa. Aos curadores e responsáveis dos Institutos e Museus na Argentina que autorizaram as visitas para a análise comparativa dos holótipos, Ricardo Martinez (UNSJ, San Juan, Argentina); Diego Pol e Eduardo Ruigomez (MEF, Trelew, Argentina), Alejando Kramarz e Fernando Novas (MACN, Buenos Aires, Argentina); Rubén Martínez e Gabriel Cazal (UNPSJB, Comodoro Rivadavia, Argentina), Juan Canale (MMCH, Villa El Chocón, Argentina); Rodolfo Coria (MCF, Plaza Huincul, Argentina), Ruben Barbieri (MPCA, Cipoletti, Argentina), Jorge Calvo e Juan Porfiri (MUCP, Lago Barreales, Argentina), Marcelo Reguero (MLP. La Plata, Argentina). Pessoas muito especiais auxiliaram-me, de diferentes formas, para que esta dissertação pudesse ser concluída. Em ordem cronológica, agradeço à Carol Mello, responsável técnica pela Coleção de Herpetologia do Museu de Zoologia, que foi o meu primeiro contato dentro do Museu de Zoologia e a Luciana Lobo pela aceitação como estagiária dentro do Laboratório de Paleontologia e também pelas primeiras lições de preparação de limpeza de fósseis. Agradeço a coletividade da equipe do Laboratório de Paleotologia que dividiram comigo vários momentos bons e também complicados, seja em campo ou no laboratório. A equipe de laboratório/campo, no período de 2007 a 2013, especialmente: v Marcos Obeid e Mariana Galera, meus companheiros nos primeiros campos. A Bruno Augusta, Bruno Navarro, Karla Moya, Leandro Sanchez, Natan Brilhante, Natasha Mezzacappa,
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