PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF

Public Disclosure Authorized Basin Flood Management and Drainage Improvement Project Environmental Assessment

Executive Summary

Public Disclosure Authorized

Public Disclosure Authorized

Public Disclosure Authorized Yellow River Water Resources Protection Institute February 2009

CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION ...... 1

1.1 CONTEXT ...... 1 1.2 LAWS, REGULATIONS AND POLICIES ON WHICH THE PROJECT IS BASED ...... 2 1.3 DEVELOPMENT OF EA REPORTS ...... 2 2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION ...... 4

2.1 PROJECT OBJECTIVES ...... 4 2.2 PROJECT SCOPE ...... 4 2.3 LAND OCCUPATION AND RESETTLEMENT PLANS OF THE PROJECT ...... 6 3 ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE SITUATION ...... 7

3.1 GENERAL SITUATION OF NATURAL ENVIRONMENT...... 7 3.2 SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT BASELINE SITUATION ...... 9 3.3 CURRENT SITUATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY ...... 9 3.4 CURRENT SITUATION OF ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT ...... 12 4 IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND MITIGATION ...... 14

4.1 WORLD BANK SAFEGUARD POLICIES ANALYSES ...... 14 4.2 PROJECT FEATURES AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT IDENTIFICATION ...... 17 4.3 IMPACT ANALYSIS OF IMPORTANT ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS AND PROTECTION MEASURES ...... 18 4.4 IMPACT ANALYSIS OF GENERAL ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS AND PROTECTION MEASURES ...... 29 5 SOCIAL AND REGIONAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT...... 34

5.1 SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT ...... 34 5.2 ANALYSIS OF IMPACTS ON REGIONAL ENVIRONMENT...... 37 6 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES ...... 40

6.1 WITHOUT PROJECT ALTERNATIVE ...... 40 6.2 COMPARATIVE SELECTION OF PROJECT LOCATIONS ...... 40 6.3 COMPARATIVE SELECTION OF TECHNICAL ALTERNATIVES ...... 41 7 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ...... 44

7.1 ORGANIZATION ...... 44 7.2 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS MITIGATION MEASURES ...... 45 7.3 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN AND REPORT ...... 45 7.4 CAPACITY BUILDING ...... 46 7.5 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION INVESTMENT ...... 47 7.6 EMP SUMMARY ...... 47 8 PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE ...... 58

8.1 PUBLIC CONSULTATION ...... 58 8.2 INFORMATION DISCLOSURE ...... 58 8.3 RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS ...... 59 9 CONCLUSIONS ...... 61 ANNEX 1 REFERENCE ...... 62

I LIST OF TABLES

Table 2-1 Physical Works of the Project...... 5 Table 3-1 Situations of Project Location and Distribution………………………………………8 Table 3-2 The Principle of Laying Out Monitoring Site……………………………………….10 Table 3-3 Analytic Result of Bed Mud Toxicity Leaching Experiment………………………..11 Table 4-1 List of Natural Habitats Involved in the Project…………………………………….14 Table 4-2 List of Dams Triggered by the Project………………………………………………16 Table 4-3 Classification of Natural Habitats in the project areas………………………………19 Table 4-4 Features of Natural habitats and the Details about the Projects……………………20 Table 4-5 Project Impacts Natural Habitats and Protection Measures…………………………21 Table 4-6 Summary of Environmental Impact and Protection Measurement of Soil erosion…28 Table 4-7 Surface Water Environment Impact and Protection Measures……………………...30 Table 5-1 Environmental Impact and Protection Measurement of Resettlement……………...34 Table 5-2 General objective of this project and “19+3 Project”……………………………….35 Table 6-1 Comparative Analysis of With and Without the Project…………………………….38 Table 6-2 Comparison between Two Dredging Alternatives..………………………………...40 Table 7-1 Agencies Comprising the Environmental Management System………………..43 Table 7-2 Generic Construction Related Mitigation Measures………………………………..47 Table 7-3 Project Specific Mitigation Measures…………………………………… ………..50 Table 8-1 Disclosure of Environment Safeguards Documents………………………………57 Table 8-2 Results of the Two Rounds of Public Consultation…………………..………58

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 3-1 Overall Assessment Results for Water Quality of Rivers in Four Provinces.…..10 Figure 7-1 Diagram of Environmental Management System…….………………………...43 Figure 1 Geographic Position and Overall Distribution of the Project….………………….63 Figure 2 Project Distribution in Four Provinces……………………………………………64 Figure 3 Water system of Huaihe River Basin………….………………………………...…68 Figure 4 Location of Natural Habitats under the Project..………...………………….……69

II

ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS

CEA Consolidated Environmental Assessment EA Environmental Assessment EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EMP Environmental Management Plan HFMDIP Huai River Basin Flood Management and Drainage Improvement Project HRB Huai River Basin HRBC Huai River Basin Commission HRWRPI Huai River Water Resources Protection Institute MOF Ministry of Finance MWR Ministry of Water Resources NDRC National Development and Reform Commission PMO Project Management Office RAP Resettlement Action Plan WB World Bank YRWRPI Yellow River Water Resources Protection Institute

MEASURES

Mu Area Unit (0.0667 ha) ha hectare km2 square kilometer m2 square meter mg/L milligram per liter

CHEMICAL ABBREVIATIONS

COD Chemical Oxygen Demand NH3-N Ammonia Nitrogen SS Suspended Solids

III 1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 Context

Huai River Basin (HRB) is located in the transitional climate zone between southern and northern China, and the climate conditions are complex and changeable with uneven temporal and spatial distribution of rainfall. Plains in this basin are extensive and the topography is low with many branch rivers. For a long time, it was affected by the Yellow River when it breached its dikes and switched its course into the lower reaches of the Huai River. As a result, water systems within the basin are disordered and flood disasters are serious. The topography in the project areas is low, existing drainage capacity is seriously insufficient, and flood disasters occur frequently. According to statistics, damages caused by floods were more than 2/3 of total disaster damages in 1991 and 2003. The Huai River Basin Commission (HRBC) of Ministry of Water Resources (MWR) prepared the Plan for Accelerating Construction of Huai River Basin Management Project (2003～2007)after the major flood in 2003, requiring to upgrade the management of key plains and depressions in the Huai River basin, and list this project (HFMDIP) as one of the three new projects to accelerate Huai River management. To broaden the financing channel of Huai River management projects and accelerate Huai River basin flood management and drainage improvement, MWR planned to use the World Bank loan to implement the project after consultations with the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) and Ministry of Finance (MOF), and discussions with experts and officials of the World Bank and relevant agencies of , , and provinces. Based on the principle of placing emphasis on areas with more serious disasters, the project would give preference to improving areas with more serious floods and water logging, especially for depressions seriously suffered in 2003. Key drainage works with less investment and immediate benefits which are urgently needed in these areas would be built under the project. The project would be carried out in 20 depressions with a total area of 9,634km2 located in Henan, Anhui, Shandong and Jiangsu provinces. The objectives of the project are to improve the capacity of flood control and drainage of existing river channel through dredging and dike strengthening, and to establish an integrated flood control and drainage system through building, rebuilding, expanding and maintaining the existing structures, hence bringing an end to the severe floods and water logging in the depressions and hardships of local people and creating favorable conditions for sustainable economic development in the project areas. Preparation of the Consolidated Environmental Assessment (CEA) was organized and

1 implemented by Yellow River Water Resources Protection Institute (YRWRPI) with strong support and cooperation from Huai River Basin Commission, central project management office (CPMO), PMOs at all levels of four provinces and design institutes, as well as the assistance of many World Bank and domestic environmental, ecological and water resources specialists. This report is the Executive Summary of the CEA.

1.2 Laws, Regulations and Policies on which the Project is Based

Relevant policies and administrative requirements for environmental assessment of development projects in China, both at the national and municipal levels, were followed during the preparation and evaluation of EA, as were the World Bank’s ten safeguard policies. Most relevant laws and regulations applied in the EA are as follows: • Environmental Protection Law of the PRC (December 26, 1989); • Law of Air Pollution Control of the PRC (September 1, 2000); • Law of Water Pollution Control of the PRC (June 1, 2008); • Law of Environmental Noise Pollution Control of the PRC (March 1, 1997); • Management Regulations on Environmental Protection for Development Projects (November 18, 1998); • Circular on Strengthening EIA for Development Projects Using International Financing (1993); • Technical Specifications for Environmental Impact Assessment; Of the ten World Bank safeguard policies, Environmental Assessment (OP/BP/GP4.01), Natural Habitats (OP 4.04), Safety of Dams (OP 4.37) and Involuntary Resettlement (OP4.12) are applied in the EA. Pest Management (OP 4.09), Projects in Disputed Areas (OP/BP 7.60), Forests (OP4.36), Indigenous Peoples (OP/BP4.10), Projects on International Waterways (OP/BP7.50) and Physical Cultural Resources (OP4.11) are not applied in the EA.

1.3 Development of EA Reports

The CEA was completed on the basis of sub-EA reports for four provinces subprojects and under the assistance of specialists of the World Bank, HRWRPI, project management offices, design institutes and other relevant departments.

The CEA report was prepared by YRWRPI, who has been contracted by HRBC to develop the CEA documentation in both Chinese and English and provides assistance to guide the development of sub-EAs for four provinces subprojects.

2 Besides CEA report, the following documents were also provided for World Bank Appraisal Mission:

 EMP(prepared by YRWRPI)  EA Summary(prepared by YRWRPI)  Sub-EAs and Sub-EMPs for Henan, Anhui, Shandong, Jiangsu projects Sub-EAs and sub-EMPs for four provinces were written by different agencies: (1) YRWRPI, which undertook the EA and EMP of Henan and Anhui Provinces; (2) Environment and Water Resources Institute of Hohai University, which undertook the EA and EMP of Jiangsu Province; (3) Ecological Center of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Liede Ecological Environment Science and Technology Services Center, which undertook the EA and EMP of Shandong Province.

3 2. PROJECT DESCRIPTION

2.1 Project Objectives

(1) Existing Problems of Depressions Huai River Basin Flood Management and Drainage Improvement Project would involve a total of 20 depressions and most of them were improved between 1950s-1970s. At present, there exist some problems on watercourses such as serious siltation and large amount of water blocking structures. Most structures in the project areas such as culvert and gates, flood drainage stations and bridges are ageing and severely damaged and their size cannot meet the actual needs. Standard of some dikes is low and the quality is poor. (2) Objectives of the Project Given the above-mentioned problems, the project aims to improve the capacity of flood control and drainage of existing river channel through dredging and dike strengthening, and to establish an integrated flood control and drainage system through building, rebuilding, expanding and maintaining the existing structures, hence bringing an end to the severe floods and water logging in the depressions and hardships of local people and creating favorable conditions for sustainable economic development in the project areas. Because the project management methods and facilities are backward, this project includes building decision support system of flood control and waterlogged drainage disaster reduction.

2.2 Project Scope

2.2.1 Flood Management and Drainage Improvement Project Huai River Basin covers four provinces of Henan, Anhui, Jiangsu and Shandong and involves a total of 20 depressions, which include 3 depressions such as the lower reach of Xiaohong River and Yinghe River and along the Huai River in Henan Province; 11 depressions such as Bali River, Jiaogang Lake, Zhengnan Depression, Lower Reach of Xifei River, Jiahe River, Gaotang Lake, Lower Reach of Beifei River, River, Xiehe River, Tuohe River, and Tianhe River in Anhui Province; 3 depressions such as southeastern part of Lixia River (Improvement Project in Taidong River, Taizhou City), northern part of Li Canal (Improvement Project in Huaian City), Abandoned Yellow River (Improvement in City) in Jiangsu Province; 3 depressions such as Nansi Lake, Yanyun and Tancang. The project covers an area of 9,634km2, including 2,813.43km2 in Henan province, 3,361km2 in Anhui province, 1,690km2 in Jiangsu province and 1,769.9km2 in Shandong

4 province, whose total amount is rather large, covers widely, but is distributed in 20 depressions, so the amount of the individual project turns to be smaller. Physical works of the project include dike, river course dredging and excavation and others. Details are given in Table 2-1. The general distribution of the project is given in Figure 1 and project distribution in four provinces is shown in Figure 2.

Table 2-1 Project Constitution Quantity Serial numbers and titles Unit Henan Anhui Jiangsu Shandong Total Ⅰ.Embankment projects 1. New embankment km 3.17 67.86 12.2 83.23 2. Strengthening embankment km 41.06 189.36 23 84.64 334.06 3. Retaining wall km 1.2 5.73 2.362 9.29 4. Shielding slope km 141.24 141.24 Ⅱ. Watercourse dredging and excavation km 340.79 336.92 212.47 90.34 980.52 Ⅲ. Building projects 1. Floodgate for flood control and drain 148 105 145 29 427 flooded field (1) New build and rebuild 121 85 145 27 378 (2)Maintenance and strengthening 27 20 2 49 2. Drain flooded field station 20 32 90 40 182 (1) New build and rebuild 20 25 88 15 148 (2)Maintenance and strengthening 7 2 25 34 3. Bridge construction 45 73 73 6 197 (1) New build and rebuild 40 70 73 6 189 (2)Maintenance and strengthening 5 3 8 2.2.2 Flood Protection and Water logging Mitigation Support Systems (HRBC) Decision support system of flood control and waterlogged drainage disaster reduction consists of four parts: information collection system, floods and waterlogged damage evaluation system, physical model of control, waterlogged control and disaster migrating of Huaihe river and investigation on the causes and measures of waterlogged in the low-lying land in the Huaihe river basin. (1) Disaster Information Collection System The construction includes new building or expansion six bases for the floods and waterlogged damage patrolling and measurement, the reconstruction one hydrological station. The total construction includes: 7556 m2 the buildings for construction and work, purchase land 47 Mu, nine patrolling and measuring groups, eight sets of patrolling and measuring instrument, one set of instrument observed, 107 sets of cross-section measurement facilities, 62 sets of cross-section information transmission instruments (2) Damage evaluation system The floods and waterlogged evaluation system consists of the construction of damage evaluation center, flood forecasting early warning model and damage evaluation model. This project only includes the construction of damage evaluation center and damage evaluation model.

5 The damage evaluation center draws up the selected location in the Anhui Province Hefei city Luyang industry garden. It is located in the Fuyang north road and the power plant east road intersection, northwest corner. The total construction purchase land 20 Mu, 2808 m2 (3) Huaihe River flood control and waterlogged control disaster physical model The construction of the physical model includes building construction, model experiment and measurement control system. It purchases land 210 Mu. It draws up the selected location in the Hefei city Sanshili township environmental protection industry base. (4) Investigation on causes and measures of lowland waterlogged disaster in the Huaihe river basin

2.3 Land Occupation and Resettlement Plans of the Project

(1) Land occupation for the project Permanent land acquisition for the project involves 15,821.38 Mu, including land acquisition for dike, watercourse dredging, structures, project management and resettlement activities; temporary land occupation involving 43,171.6 Mu, including land acquisition for borrow area, spoil area and construction arrangement. (2) Physical Indicators for Project Impacts A total of 7,040 people are to be resettled in the project and a total of 271,511m2 of houses are to be demolished and relocated. (3) Resettlement Plan (1) Resettlement for through Permanent Land Acquisition and Temporary Land Occupation For permanent land acquisition, resettlement is carried out mainly through land adjustments within the villages, with monetary compensation for some permanently acquired land. For temporary land occupation, measures would be taken to reclaim the land and return it to the original village groups after the productivity of the land is restored to the original level. (2) Demolition and relocation of houses Mainly carry out scattered and backward resettlement.

(3) Relocation of enterprises and public services units (PSUs) For enterprises and PSUs which are slightly affected and do not need planned land, the approach of one-off compensation can be adopted; for those who are seriously affected, they are to be relocated through demolition and constructing the buildings by themselves under an integrated plan.

6 3. ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE SITUATION

3.1 General Situation of Natural Environment

(1) Geographic location and regional characteristics The project covers four provinces of Henan, Anhui, Jiangsu and Shandong, 19 cities and 20 depressions in total, and most of the project areas are rural areas with a few project areas crossing urban areas or rivers in urban areas. Project location and distribution are shown in Table 3-1. (2) Water system of Huai River Basin Huai River Basin is located in the east of China. Taking abandoned Yellow River as boundary, the basin is divided into two water systems of Huai River and Yishusi River. The Henan project area is located in the upstream of Huai River; the Anhui project area is located in the middle and lower Huai River; northern Jiangsu project areas belong to Yishusi River system, while the southern part belongs to the lower water system of Huai River and the Shandong project is located in Yishusi River system. Huai River system is given in Figure 3. (3) Climate characteristics Huai River basin is located in the transitional climate zone between southern and northern China. Areas along northern and southern Huai River belong to the warm temperate zone and northern subtropical zone respectively. Huai River basin belongs to moderate climate and has more rainfall in summer and autumn, accounting for more than 60% of whole year’s precipitation. Storm usually occurs from June to August with the highest probability in July, which can easily leads to floods. In the project areas, topography is low and drainage capacity is seriously lacking, thereby floods and water logging occur frequently. (4) Landforms Main landforms in the project areas include depositional plain, river, lake and depression with low mountains, hills and hilly lands in some areas. (5) Natural Resources The project areas have abundant water resources, land resources are mainly cultivated land, landscape resources are mainly agricultural ecology landscape and there are no coal mines in the project areas.

7 Table 3-1 Project Location and Distribution Improved Province Depression Name Area Administrative Region Involved Remarks (km2) Except Xiaoqing River flowing across Depression in lower reach of Xiaohong 1912 Shangcai, Ru’nan, Pingyu, Xincai Pingyu County about 3km, all project River 3 cities Henan areas are rural areas 8 counties Depression along Huai River 407.13 Huangchuan,Huaibin Located in rural area exclusively Jialu River and Yinghe River depression 494.3 Fugou,Xihua Flow across Xihua County about 2km Bali Lake depression 344 Yingshang Jiaogang Lake depression 407 Yingshang, Maoji, Fengtai, Farm of Jiaogang Lake Zhengnanwa depression 104 Farms of Shouxian and Zhengyang Located in rural area exclusively Depression in lower reach of Xifei River 820 Fengtai, Yingshang, Lixin, Yingdong , Maoji Jiahe River depression 205 Fengtai, Panji District Shuihu Lake waterlogging drainage ditch Gaotang Lake depression 246 Fengyang, Dingyuan,Changfeng 9 cities passes through Changfeng County about Anhui 19counties 6km Depression in lower reach of Beifei River 296 Huaishang District, Guzhen County, Huaiyuan ,Wuhe Gaoyou Lake depression 241 Tianchang Xiehe River depression 269 Guzhen County, Huaiyuan, Yongqiao District, Suixi Located in rural area exclusively Yongqiao District, Lingbi, Sixian, Guzhen County, Tuohe River depression 313 Wuhe Tianhe River depression 116 Yuhui District Taidong River flows across Taizhou City Taizhou City, Jiangyan City, Xinghua City, Lixia River southeast depression 1526 with some improved areas located in City Taizhou City suburb 4 cities Jiangsu Liyun River flows across Huai’an City Liyun River Qubei depression 64.3 Huai’an City 16 counties about 10km Located in new urban area of Xuzhou Abandoned Yellow River depression 99.6 Xuzhou City City exclusively City, , , Depression on lakeside of Nansi Lake 648.7 Weishan County, , , Located in rural area exclusively 3 cities Shandong Xuecheng District, Yicheng District and Taierzhuang Except Yuehe River flowing across 13 counties Depression along canal 183.07 District of City, City Zaozhuang City about 4km, all projects are located in rural area Tancang depression 938.13 , Cangshan County Located in rural areas

8 3.2 Social Environment Baseline Situation

The project area has a large population and concentrated cities and towns with abundant resources and convenient transport, and it is an important commodity grain, cotton and edible oil production base in China. There is one cultural relic located in the project area of Jiangsu Province, which is the Qingjiang Big Gate under Ruofei Bridge of Liyun canal，but there is no project where Qingjiang Gate is located. Through investigations by the PMOs of four provinces, there are no ethnic minority communities in the project areas.

3.3 Current Situation of Environmental Quality

3.3.1 Current Situation of Surface Water Quality

1. Investigation of Regional Water Pollution Sources The project areas are mainly located in rural areas with a few areas in suburbs or passing through urban areas. Due to frequent floods, rural areas of the project belong to underdeveloped economic regions with few industrial pollution sources, which mainly include domestic sewage and agricultural non-point source pollution resulting from farmland waterlogging. Rivers flowing through cities or suburban areas and that involve dredging activities within the project areas mainly include Henan Province’s Shuanglang Ditch, Duyi Ditch and Xiaoqing River flowing through outskirts of the county, Anhui Province’s Shuihu Lake drainage ditch passing through Changfeng County, abandoned Yellow River Depression Project of Jiangsu in southeastern urban area of Xuzhou, Taidong River of Lixia River depression flowing across Taidong town, Taizhou treatment project of Lixia River depression is partly at the suburb; and Shandong Province’s Yuehe River passing through Taierzhuang County. These rivers are receiving domestic sewage and some industrial wastewater of cities and towns; the industrial pollution sources are mainly organic pollution and there are no poisonous and harmful pollution sources. 2. General Assessment Results of Surface Water Quality In combination with site investigations, environmental assessment units of four provinces chose the dredged river sections that have large amount of works, broad impacts, more representativeness and more sensitivity to environment, and entrusted professional monitoring institutions to have conducted monitoring over these sections. In four project provinces, surface water monitoring was carried for 64 sections, involving 45 water bodies. Of which, 18 sections can meet water quality standards, accounting for 28% of the total sections monitored; seven water bodies can meet water quality standards, which account for 15.6% of total water bodies monitored. There are three sections that can

9 meet Category III water, accounting for 5%, 22 Category IV, accounting 34%, 13 Category V, and accounting for 20%; there are 26 sections with lower-than-category V water, accounting for 41%. In general, Jialu River, depressions along lower reach of Yinghe river of Henan Province and rivers in the project areas of Shandong Province have poor water quality (mainly V+ water) because they receive polluted water but no natural runoff and have little rainfall in low-flow period. Water quality of rivers in the project area of Jiangsu and Anhui provinces is good in general due to abundant water resources and strong water purification capacity.

Ⅲ 5% 劣Ⅴ InferiorⅤ Ⅳ ⅢⅢ 41% 41% 34% ⅣⅣ ⅤⅤ Inferior劣Ⅴ Ⅴ Ⅴ 20% Fi gure 3-1 General Assessment Results for Water Quality of Rivers in Four Provinces

3.3.2 Current Situation of Dredged Bed Mud in Watercourse

1. The Principle of Laying Out Monitoring Site The principle of laying out monitoring site is shown in Table 3-2. Table 3-2 Principle for Arranging Monitoring Points

The principle for selecting rivers and main ditches The principle for arranging monitoring points along for bed mud monitoring selected rivers and main ditches

·Arrange monitoring points on upper, middle and lower ·All non-seasonal rivers which have larger reaches of the river with longer dredged sections (such dredging project quantity and water throughout the as Tuohe River, Xiehe River and Jihe River) year would be monitored ·Arrange monitoring points on middle or lower reach of ·Representative rivers and main ditches in the the river or main ditches with shorter dredged sections; same area with larger dredging quantity and increase monitoring point density when dredged rivers heavier pollutions can be selected for bed mud and main streams flow through cities and suburban baseline monitoring. areas, while investigating the situation of main ·Monitor the rivers and main ditches around cities industrial pollution sources in the area. If there exit and towns (For example, Shuhu flood drainage industrial pollution sources, more monitoring points ditch of Gaotang Lake depression, Luyi Ditch of shall be arranged in the downstream of pollution sources depression in the lower reaches of Yinghe River of ·Consider continuity and connection among rivers Jialu River, Shuanglang ditch, etc.) (upper reach and lower reach, higher-level branch and lower-level branch) when arranging monitoring points

For each depression area, at least one sample shall be obtained for each 10-km dredged section.

10 2. Monitoring and Assessment Results In four provinces, there are 112 monitoring points arranged, including main dredged big rivers, big ditches and branch ditches. The content of heavy metal in bed mud in Henan and Shandong is lower than Category II (pH＞7.5) as required in Environmental Quality Standard for Soil (GB15618－1995). Since the content of heavy metal doesn’t exceed standard, bed mud may be used for farmland, forestland and orchard, etc. Except that factors of Cu and Cd in the monitoring point where Shuilu flood drainage ditch in Anhui Gaotang Lake depression flows into Gaotang Lake exceed standard, each monitoring factor in other monitoring points doesn’t exceed the requirements for Category II in Environmental Quality Standard for Soil (GB15618－1995). Cd of bed mud in Dushuzhi Bridge of Taidong River in Taidong River project area in Jiangsu, abandoned Yellow River and Taizhou project area exceeds Category II of Environmental Quality Standard for Sois (GB15618－1995). 3. Results of Bed Mud Toxicity Extraction Experiment (1) Anhui Based on the monitoring results, Cu and Cd in bed mud from the site of drainage ditch of Changfeng County flowing into Gaotang Lake mouth exceed the standard. Given this situation, the EA carried out bed mud toxicity extraction experiment for three monitoring points along the drainage ditches of Shuihu Lake and the results are provided in Table 3-3.

Table 3-3 Analytic Result of Bed Mud Toxicity Extraction Experiment Unit:mg/L

Monitor factor Monitoring site Cu Zn As Cd Pb Hg Ni Cr Changxin Road ditch section of Changfeng County ＜0.001 ＜0.05 ＜0.005 ＜0.0001 ＜0.001 ＜0.00005 ＜0.05 ＜0.05 Huannan Road ditch section of Changfeng County ＜0.001 ＜0.05 ＜0.005 ＜0.0001 ＜0.001 ＜0.00005 ＜0.05 ＜0.05 Site of waterlogging drainage ditch of Shuihu Lake ＜0.001 ＜0.05 ＜0.005 ＜0.0001 ＜0.001 ＜0.00005 ＜0.05 ＜0.05 flowing into Gaotang Lake mouth in Chanfeng County Standard limit value 50 50 1.5 0.3 3 0.05 10 10 Based on Table 3-3, the concentrations of each monitor factor of three monitoring points are far lower than the standard value indicated in Standard for Identifying Hazardous Wastes - Identification of Extraction Procedure Toxicity (GB5085.3-1996), which proves bed mud of rivers involved in the project is not hazardous solid wastes and can be used and properly disposed as ordinary solid wastes. (2) Jiangsu Bed mud of Taidong River Dushuzhi Bridge, Abandoned Yellow River of Jiangsu Taidong River project area and Taizhou project area exceeds Category II of Environmental Quality Standard for Soil (GB15618－1995). The EA selected bed mud sample exceeding the standard to carry out toxicity extraction experiment in Institute of Geography and

11 Lakes of Chinese Academy of Sciences. The results indicate that extractive material concentration of bed mud exceeding standard and its compound is extremely low and extractive material concentration of cadmium and its compound in bed mud exceeding standard is extremely low. Therefore, the bed mud does not belong to dangerous solid waste.

3.3.3 Current Situation of Acoustic Environment

Most of the project areas are located in rural areas with few industrial and mining enterprises, thus there are no large noise sources except for traffic; background value of the noise is low. The acoustic environment conditions in the project areas are relatively good. Some project areas in Jiangsu Province are located in suburban or urban areas, the background value of the noise is relatively high, and the noise value of a few monitoring points slightly exceeds the standard.

3.3.4 Current Situation of Ambient Air

Except for Zaozhuang Village, Hefei City, Changfeng County town, Fengtai County town of Huainan City and Yongqiao District of City, most of the project areas in Shandong, Henan and Anhui are located in rural areas with open topography and good ambient air quality and without other industrial pollution sources. The main air pollutants in the project areas of Jiangsu Province are inhalable particles and concentration of the other pollutants doesn’t exceed Category II in the Quality Standard for Ambient Air (GB3095-1996).

3.4 Current Situation of Ecological Environment

(1) Natural Habitat During the course of EA, according to data of Directory for National Nature Reserve, Directory for China’s Important Wetland, Master Plan for Provincial Nature Reserve in Huaibin and Huainan Wetland of Henan Province, Directory for Nature Reserve of Anhui Province, Directory for Key Wetland of Anhui Province, Feasibility Study Report on Nansi Lake Nature Reserve and Relative Sourcebook, Survey on the Current Status of Ecological Environmentalof Nansi Lake, as well as first-hand investigation, there are altogether seven natural habitats in the project areas. They are Tuohu Lake Nature Reserve, Bali River Nature Reserve, Gaotanghu Wetland, Gaoyouhu Wetland and Jiaoganghu Wetland in Anhui Province; Nasi Lake Nature Reserve in Shandong Province and Huaibin-Huainan Wetland Nature Reserve in Henan Province. These natural habitats have been significantly affected by human activities; floods are severe and construction of water projects is frequent. All these factors have led to severe damages to regional naturalist.

12 (2) Biological Resources Vegetation in the project areas is mainly artificial vegetation – which is mostly food crops due to intensive human activities in these areas; terrestrial animals are artificially bred poultry and livestock with few wild animals; fish resources mainly include cash fishes with relatively abundant fishery resources in the project areas of Anhui and Jiangsu Provinces and Nansi Lake of Shandong Province. There are neither key nationally or locally protected species nor typical migratory fishes under protection in the project areas. (3) Soil Erosion The project areas are flat and low-lying and involve four provinces of Henan, Anhui, Jiangsu and Shandong. These areas belong to plain terrain with little variance in topography and with flat ground, gentle slopes, loose soil structure, sparse forest vegetation and high agricultural cultivation index. These areas have also experienced fast population growth. Soil erosion mainly occurs at the side slopes of watercourses; the type of erosion is mainly water erosion, and it is combined water and gravitational erosion in silt sections and at the side slopes of dikes; water erosion is mainly reflected as surface erosion and gully erosion. According to survey data, there is no obvious erosion in the project areas and the degree of erosion is between low and medium range.

13 4. IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND MITIGATION

4.1 World Bank Safeguard Policies Analyses

(1) Environmental Assessment (OP4.01) According to the requirements of Environmental Assessment (OP4.01) for environmental screening and classification and through selecting the type, location, sensitivity and scope of the project, as well as by identifying the nature and degree of the project’s potential environmental impacts, the project is defined as a Category A project. (2) Natural Habitat (OP 4.04) The basic situation of natural habitats under the project is given in Table 4-1. These natural habitats have been significantly affected by human activities; floods are severe and construction of water projects is frequent. All these factors have led to severe damages to regional naturalist. The location of natural habitats under the project is shown in Figure 4.

Table 4-1 List of Natural Habitats under the Project

Natural Protection Province Details Remarks Habitat Level

2 •The project areas are located in the lower •Water surface of 126600 hm and upper reaches of the reserve, some Nansi Lake •Lake and aquatic ecosystem Provincial nature Shandong project areas involve branches of Nansi Nature Reserve •Protect rare birds and their reserve district Lake and their branch ditches living environment •The nearest project area is located in boundary of experimental area •Project areas are located around but not Huaibin-Huainan •Area of 3400 hm2 Provincial nature within the scope of the nature reserve Henan Wetland Nature •Protect aquatic birds and their •Purpose of the project is to pump and drain reserve district Reserve living environment flood water in the flood season into Huai River.

•Area of 30000hm2 •The project areas are located in the upper Tuohu Lake Provincial nature reaches of the reserve, some project areas Anhui •Lake and aquatic ecosystem Nature Reserve reserve district involve main reaches of Tuohu Lake •Aquaculture base •The project is 12km away form the reserve •The project is located in the lower reaches •Area of 18100hm2 of the reserve, some project areas involve Bali River Nature Provincial nature branch ditches and canals of Bali River Anhui •Lake and aquatic ecosystem Reserve reserve district branch •Scenery district •The project is 15 km away from the reserve •Some project areas are located in the lower Gaotang Lake •Area of 3300 hm2 Anhui / reaches of the wetland Wetland •Lake and aquatic ecosystem •projects is in the boundary of wetland •Some project areas are located in the lower Jiaogang Lake •Area of 6667 hm2 reaches of the wetland Anhui / Wetland •Aquaculture base •Some project areas fall under the boundary of wetland •The project areas are located in the upper Gaoyou Lake 2 Important Anhui •Area of 30000hm reaches of the wetland Wetland •Lake and aquatic ecosystem wetland of China •The project areas are 30km away from the wetland

14

The EA identified seven natural habitats would have Project works near their boundaries or have a hydrological connection to the Project activity. The EA report analyzes in detail each of the seven of the natural habitats, and concluded that the adverse impacts during the construction and operation phase would be temporary, rather limited and insignificant. Concrete actions were included in the EMP to avoid, mitigate or minimize the impacts. The EA also concluded the Project would have positive impacts on the natural habitats and wetlands during the operation phase. Project construction would improve the regional flood drainage capacity, reduce the water logging’s harm to the natural ecology, gradually improve the regional natural and ecological environment, increase the biological fertility, strengthen the stability and perfect the resistibility of the ecological system as well as the recovery capacity of disturbed system. Furthermore, the implementation of soil and water conservation project will increase the ratio of project area covered for vegetation, the artificial forests, and the natural grasses and bushes having functions of reducing water, keeping soil, producing oxygen and woods and reducing the loss of fertile soil. These can also beautify the natural scenery and improve the local ecological environment and residents’ living standard. For detailed information, please refer to the CEA. (3) Involuntary Resettlement (OP4.12) Based on survey data, first year resettlement of this project would affect 681 villages of 165 townships at 56 counties in 18 cities in four provinces of Jiangsu Province, Anhui Province, Henan Province and Shandong. Main impacts of the project are mainly those resulted from land acquisition and occupation, house demolition, and relocation and reconstruction of special installations. Permanent land acquisition for the project involves 15,821.38 Mu, including land acquisition for dikes, watercourses dredging, structures, project management facilities and resettlement; temporary land occupation involves 43,171.6 Mu, including land acquisition for borrow area, spoil area and construction arrangement. A total of 7,040 people are to be resettled under the project and a total of 271,511m2 of houses are to be demolished and relocated. Considering the substantial land acquisition and involuntary resettlement under the project, each province has prepared a comprehensive Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) for the first year and a Policy Framework for Resettlement and Land Acquisition is in place, all in accordance with the stipulations of OP 4.12. The main objective of the RAP is that the resettled and affected people would be adequately compensated and their livelihoods would be fully rehabilitated and their living standards improved or at least the same as before. The Bank found the RAPs satisfactory. An independent organization would be employed by each Province to monitor the implementation of the RAPs. The detailed RAPs are available from the project file.

15 (4) Safety of Dams (OP 4.37) The project would not finance any new dam or strengthen any existing dam either. However, there are 18 dams under operation and one dam under construction in the upstream in the project areas (Table 4-2). Failure of these dams could cause severe damage to or failure of new Bank-funded structures, thereby triggering the Bank’s Safety of Dams Policy (OP/ 4.37). The team has already carried out a review of these dams (please see dam safety table for further details). A total of 19 dams (including one lake surrounded by dikes) trigger the dam safety policy because they are located in the upstream areas of the Project areas. Of these 19 dams, two are classified as operationally safe; 13 are classified as Class C (remedial works are needed for seven of them); three need to be further reviewed; and one is under construction. The remedial work plans have been prepared for the seven Class C dams and a complete dam safety review has been carried out for the three Class C dams and the dam under construction. Guidelines for Project implementation on dam safety measurement have been prepared by the Borrower with assistance from the Bank. During project implementation, the Bank would, together with the Panel of Experts established in each of the Project provinces, supervise the implementation of the remedial work plans to ensure that the Project complies with OP4.37.

Table 4-2 List of Dams Triggered by the Project Safety Year of Height Total Capacity Latest Review Action No. Name Location 3 Type of Dam Type of Remedial Plan Completion (m) (m m ) Time Plan Dam PDR under preparation Listed 1 Shuyahu Henan 1958 16.2 1,656 earth 2007 C Remedy in 2nd Plan of MWR

2 Zhaopingtai Henan 1958 35.5 713 clay filling 2005 B 3 Baiguishan Henan 1966 23.4 922 earth 2006 B 4 Shimantan Henan 1951 40.5 120 concrete 1998 B Review 5 Banqiao Henan 1951 27 675 earth 1993 B Review PDR approved, listed in 2nd 6 Boshan Henan 1954 48.41 620 concrete 2004 C Remedy Plan of MWR 7 Wuqiao Henan 1972 11.8 11 earth 2007 C PDR under preparation Remedy FS submitted, listed in 2nd 8 Xianghongdian Anhui 1958 87.5 2,613 concrete 2003 C Remedy Plan of MWR 9 Foziling Anhui 1954 75.9 491 concrete 2002 C Remedial work finished Review 10 Mozitan Anhui 1958 82 347 concrete 2002 C Remedial work finished Review PDR reviewed, listed in 2nd 11 Zhima Anhui 1972 19 23 earth 2003 C Remedy Plan of MWR PDR under prepared, listed in 12 Fushan Anhui 1972 18.2 109 earth 2003 C Remedy 2nd Plan of MWR 13 Bailanai Anhui 2009 104.6 434 concrete DUC 14 Mahe Shandong 1960 23.8 138 clay core 2000 C Remedial work finished Review

15 Huzhu Shandong 1960 16.3 24 clay core 2007 C PDR under preparation Remedy Remedial work will complete 16 Yanma Shandong 1960 27.8 203 clay core C Review end of June 2007 Remedial work will complete 17 Xiaomazhuang Shandong 1960 23 43 clay core 2001 C Remedy end of June 2007 Remedial work will complete 18 Changxinqiao Shandong 1960 18.9 25 clay core 2001 C Remedy end of Sept. 2007

review each year Class I 19 Hongze Lake Jiangsu 8 4,192 earth before and after Review flood season dike

16 (5) Forests (OP/BP 4.36) The project would not support any forest related activities. (6) Pest Management (OP 4.09) The Project has no irrigation improvement components and would not finance the procurement or use of any pesticides. The possible irrigation improvements to be fully financed by the Chinese side during project implementation would strictly follow the Chinese National Integrated Pesticide Management (IPM) Plan. The Bank supervision mission would monitor the implementation of the Plan in the project areas and make recommendations for improvements if necessary. (7) Physical Cultural Resources (OP/BP 4.11) The EIA report outlines the procedures to be followed in the event culturally significant sites are discovered during the implementation of works in the Project area. Appropriate clauses detailing those procedures would need to be included in all construction contracts. (8) Indigenous Peoples (OP/BP 4.10) There have been no indigenous people in the project areas. (9) Projects on International Waterways (OP/BP 7.50) The project areas are all located in the Huai River Basin, which is located in eastern part of China facing Yellow Sea in the east, and Dabieshan Mountain in the south, the Tongboshan and Funiushan mountains in the west, and the Yellow River in the north. There are no international rivers in this basin. All the main rivers (about 40) in this basin are originated from either this basin or outside the basin but all from China and some rivers end in the Basin and some flow into the Yellow Sea. (10) Projects in Disputed Areas (OP/BP 7.60) The project is not located in any known disputed areas as defined under the policy.

4.2 Project Features and Environmental Impact Identification

4.2.1 Project Features

1. Project Features (i) The project covers a wide range, although the total bill of quantities is large, the individual bill of quantity will be small as they are distributed dispersedly in 20 depressions; (ii) The project mainly includes dredging of rivers and flood drainage ditches, dike

17 strengthening, pumping station construction, culverts, gates and bridges. These structures are commonly built under water conservancy projects with mature construction techniques and rich practical experience; (iii) The purpose of project is to enhance regional flood control standard, and most works would be constructed based on existing structures. (2) Features of the Environment (i) Although the project areas are situated in lower-lying lands, they don’t fall under the category of “wetland” in ecology or possess the basic feature of wetland. The project areas are densely populated with higher rate of land use and development and are typical areas for agricultural development and utilization. (ii) Most of the project areas are located in the rural region where the incidence of floods is high, the economy is underdeveloped and industrial pollutant sources are fewer. Although a few project areas run through urban vicinity or are located in the rivers on the outskirts, they have not been polluted by toxic sources including heavy metals as they mainly receive urban domestic sewage.

4.2.2 Environmental Impact Identification

This project is not only an engineering of disaster prevention and reduction, but also an environmental engineering of maintaining regional socioeconomic and environmental functions. Environmental impact factor of the project is identified through matrix method in EA and identified results are divided into two categories of “significant environmental problems: (a) natural habitat, solid wastes, land resources and soil erosion” and (b) “average environmental problems, hydrological regime, surface water environment, ground water, ambient air, acoustic environment, aquatic ecology, terrestrial ecology, invasion of alien species, pest management, public health, and cultural relics”. Environmental impacts of resettlement will be analyzed in the Chapter 5.

4.3 Impact Analysis of Important Environmental Problems and Protection Measures

Significant environmental problems involved in this project are natural habitat，dredged sediments, land resources and soil erosion. The adverse impacts on natural habitats are temporary, limited and insignificant during the construction phase. Detailed measures are designed in EMP to avoid, reduce or eliminate the possible adverse impacts. In addition, the project also has positive impacts on natural habitats and wetland during operation period. Project construction would improve the regional flood drainage capacity, reduce the water logging’s harm to the natural ecology,

18 and gradually improve the regional natural and ecological environment, and so on. Main solid waste is bed mud from watercourse dredging. Factor of Cu and Cd at several monitoring points exceeds soil environmental quality standard form bed mud monitoring results. The toxicity leaching experiment of bed mud exceeding the standard in monitoring point shows that all of the bed mud doesn’t belong to hazardous solid waste, is generic solid waste. For spoil areas where bed mud exceeds soil environmental quality standard, special protection measures will be taken including laying and compacting clay for the bottom layer of soil and covering the surface soil. The water and soil conservation measures will be taken for all spoil disposal areas. The project will occupy some land resources. Permanent land acquisition may bring about adverse impacts such as reduction of cultivated land, decline of soil fertility and agricultural production damaged. However, adverse impacts from the reduction of cultivated land may be mitigated through improving agricultural structure, raising productivity of land and developing reserved land resources. During the construction stage, soil erosion would be relatively serious especially for spoil disposal areas and borrow areas. At present, preparation of water and soil conservation plans has been completed in four provinces. After prevention & control measures are taken, the expected targets for soil erosion prevention and control can be achieved. 4.3.1 Natural Habitat 1. Classification of Natural Habitats in the project areas Based on location and hydraulic linkages between the project and natural habitats, natural habitats in the project areas can be divided into two categories. The first one is that there are project activities within natural habitats; the second one is that there are no project activities within natural habitats but they have hydraulic linkages with these activities. The classification of reserves under the project is shown in Table 4-3. Table 4-3 Classification of Natural Habitats in the Project Areas

Category Name of natural habitat Province Remarks

·Some project areas are located around lake Gaotang Lake Wetland Anhui ·Some project areas are involved There is project in in branch ditches of lake branch First natural habitats ·Some project areas are located around lake Jiaogang Lake Wetland Anhui ·Some project areas are involved in outlet branch of lake Natural habitats do not Huaibin and Huainan Wetland Some project areas are involved in Nature Reserve Henan Huai River and its branches Second have project but having hydraulic relation with Some project areas are involved in it Tuohu Lake nature reserve Anhui main branches of Tuohu Lake

19 Some project areas are involved in Bali River nature reserve Anhui branch ditches and branch canals of Bali River branch Some project areas are involved in Gaoyou Lake wetland Anhui Gaoyou Lake branch and its branch ditches Some project areas are involved in Nansi Lake nature reserve Shandong Nansi Lake branch and its branch ditches 2. Character of Natural Habitats and the Details about the Projects Features of natural habitats and the details about the project are given in Table 4-4. Table 4-4 Features of Natural Habitats and the Details about the Project

Name of Character (Main Generation situation of relating projects natural protection objects and Brief introduction to the Introduction to the project relevant to habitat function) depression project the natural habitat ·Main protection objects: water bird ·Luqiao Dyke dike ·Luqiao Dyke dike strengthening project and environment strengthening project is located near Gaotang Lake Wetland of ·Main function: ·Shuihu Lake waterlogging ·Shuihu Lake waterlogging drainage Gaotang irrigation, drainage ditch dredging project ditch is Gaotang Lake branch, and Lake cultivation, and ·Dingyuan flood relief ditch Dingyuan flood relief ditch is branch flood storage and reconstruction project ditch of Gaotang Lake branch regulation ·Dyke improvement project along lake, ·Improve dyke along lake ·Protect the water pumping station and culvert gate ·Dredge Gaopai Ditch and Wetland of bird and the habitat project along lake are located around Bianmin Ditch Jiaogang ·Aquatic product Jiaogang Lake ·Relative culvert gate, Lake breed base in ·Dredging construction would involve pumping station, bridge Fengtai County outlet watercourse of lake – Bianmin project Ditch ·Dredge Tuohe River reach ·Dredging construction would involve from inlet gate to Sudong Gate main branch of Tuohu Lake – Tuohe Nature Important breed and lower reach of Tuoheji River reserve of base of river crab ·Reconstruct Tuohe River inlet ·The shortest distance between Tuo Lake gate and two other culvert gate construction and Tuohu Lake nature projects reserve is about 12km ·Excavate and dredge Jiannan River, Baofeng Ditch, ·Dredging construction would involve ·Scenery district Nature Hongjian River and Gonglu branch ditches and branch canals of ·Protect the rare reserve of River Bali River branch water bird and the Bali River ·Relative culvert gate of ·The nearest project is about 15km environment waterlogging drainage main apart from reserve ditch and bridge project Mainly ·Project construction would involve Wetland of aquaculture, the ·Relative culvert gate, branch ditches of Gaoyou Lake branch Gaoyou sources of fresh pumping station and bridge ·The shortest distance between Lake water, navigation project construction and Gaoyou Lake wetland and tourism is about 30km

20 Name of Character (Main Generation situation of relating projects natural protection objects and Brief introduction to the Introduction to the project relevant to habitat function) depression project the natural habitat Nature ·Some project areas relate to the reserve of Mainly protect the ·Relevant construction of mainstream of Huai River and some Huaibin rare birds and wild pumping station relate to branches of Huai River Huainan animals ·No project inside of nature reserve Wetland Nature The largest fresh ·No project inside of nature reserve · Relevant channel dredging reserve of water lake in north ·Some project areas relates to the project of lateral branch and Nansi China with rich lateral branch of Nansi Lake and the lateral ditch Lake biological diversity lateral ditch of lateral branch

3. Impacts on the Natural Habitats and the Protection Measures The impacts of projects on the natural habitats and protection measures are given in Table 4.5. Table 4-5 Project Impacts on Natural Habitats and Protection Measures Name of Impacts on natural habitats natural Protection measures habitat Projects construction Projects operation Wetland It may have short-term impacts ·The project has ·The project construction located around of on the water birds habit, minor minor impacts on Jiaogang Lake and Gaotang Lake as well Gaotang impacts on the distribution of the hydrology in as construction at Longgong River lake some species, impacts on flood season at all watercourse of Nansi Lake mouth shall Wetland fishery development in some natural habitats avoid disturbing inside water body of of areas around the lake, and have after operation, and lakes and riverbank aquatic weed. The Jiaogang no impacts on other ecological won’t change the noise source and construction personnel Lake indicators. quantity of water, activities shall be far from waterfowl water level, and habitat as much as possible, and the night Nature water surface area construction shall be forbidden to avoid reserve Project construction has no of natural habitats the impacts of night lamplight on of Tuo impacts water quantity and evidently, and have waterfowl inhabiting. Lake water quality, water bird living, minor impacts on ·The construction of lift drainage stations Nature rare and endangered species, the species habitat project located around Huaibin and reserve naturality, ecological functions at the natural Huainan wetland nature reserve shall of Bali and economic value. habitats. arrange their construction time to avoid River ·After the operation gathering time of migratory birds as the project reduces much as possible, and night construction Wet land No negative impacts on this the damage of shall be forbidden. Construction vehicle of natural habitat during waterlog to nature shall be forbidden to whistle, and all Gaoyou construction phase reserve and noise sources and construction personnel Lake wetland ecosystem, activities shall be far from habitats of Construction noise of the decreases the avifauna and animals as much as Nature drainaige station, machine vulnerability of possible. Construction must strictly reserve disturbance, the activities of ecosystem, execute administrative provisions of of constructors have temporary improves the nature reserve and forbid construction Huaibin and adverse impacts on water anti-jamming personnel to catch birds; Huainan bird living and minor impacts capacity of nature ·After completing construction, the Wetland on the distribution of some reserve and construction party shall clean garbage in

21 species; and no impacts on wetland ecosystem construction area and take corresponding other ecological indicators. and recovery measures to resume vegetation; capacity after ·Strengthen ecological management and Decrease of water quantity jamming would public communication during entered the lake is less than improve. The construction by means of arranging 0.019%, and have minor project operation is special personnel to preside over impacts. The dredging advantageous to the construction and this job, establishing construction noise at the place ecology rules on ecological protection for where the water of Longgong Nature environment of construction workers, implementing each River flows into Nansi Lake , reserve nature reserve and ecological protection measure, and machine disturbance, the of Nansi wetland. accepting supervision from supervisory activities of constructors have Lake agencies. temporal and adverse impacts on the water bird living have minor impacts on the distribution of some species; and no impacts on other ecological indicators

The project has temporary, limited and insignificant adverse impacts during the construction phase, however, the project also have positive impacts on natural habitats. Project construction would improve the regional flood drainage capacity, reduce the water logging’s harm to the natural ecology, gradually improve the regional natural and ecological environment, increase the biological fertility, strengthen the ecological system’s stability and perfect the ecological system’s resistibility and recovery capacity of disturbed system. Furthermore, the implementation of soil and water conservation project would increase the vegetation cover ratio of the project area, the artificial forests plus natural grasses and bushes have functions of reducing water, keeping soil, producing oxygen and woods and reducing the loss of fertile soil. And also they can beautify the natural scenery and improve the local ecological environment and residents’ living standard. (1) Gaotang Lake Wetland • Location linkages between the wetland and the project: the project is mainly to strengthen the existing dikes around Gaotang Lake and to dredge up drainage watercourse of Shuijiahu Town, which is the branch of Gaotang Lake. • Function of the natural habitat: Main function is irrigation, cultivation, and flood storage and regulation According to the investigation, there are eight kinds of winter aquatic birds. Except the large quantity of bean goose, mallard and little greed, other aquatic birds are quite few. They did not discover global threatened species and national key protected wild aquatic birds. • Environmental impacts during construction: dike strengthening around Gaotang Lake may have impacts on the water bird habitat and the fishery cultivation of some areas around the lake, and have no impacts on other ecological indicators.

22 • Environmental impacts during operation: after project implementation, it would not affect the normal impounded level of Gaotang Lake, and the surface area of the lake would not change. During the operation phase, the project would not affect the natural habitat • Mitigation measures: the project construction located around Gaotang Lake will avoid disturbing the inside water body of the lake. The noise source and construction personnel activities shall be far from lake as much as possible, and the night construction shall be forbidden to avoid the impacts of night lamplight on waterfowl inhabiting. (2) Jiaogang Lake Wetland • Location linkages between the wetland and the project: the project is mainly to strengthen the existing dikes around Jiaogang Lake and to dredge up drainage watercourse of Gaotang Lake. • Function of the natural habitat: main function is aquaculture, aquatic product breed base in Fengtai County, where key national protected species have not been found. • Environmental impacts during Construction: the project of dikes around Jiaogang Lake may have the impacts on the fishery cultivation of some areas around the lake, and have no impacts on other ecological indicators. • Environmental impacts during operation: after carrying out the project, it would not affect the normal impounded level of Jiaogang Lake, and the construction of this project would not affect the habitat of local aquatic birds. • Mitigation measures: the project construction located around Jiaogang Lake will avoid disturbing the inside water body of the lake.. (3) Tuohu Lake Nature Reserve • Location linkages between the wetland and the project: the project is out of the scope of Tuohu Lake Nature Reserve, and the location of Tuohu Lake Nature Reserve is about 12km away from the project. The related project is the dredging of Tuohe River at upper reach of Tuohu Lake. • Environmental impacts during construction: the project is out of the scope of the Tuohe Lake Nature Reserve, but Tuohe River is the main branch of Tuohu Lake. During construction phase, incoming water of upper reaches and intermediate can directly or indirectly flow into Tuohu Lake through other branches and would not affect its water quantity flowing into the lake. The shortest distance between dredging construction and Tuohu Lake Nature Reserve is about 12km, so it would not affect water quality of Tuohu Lake Nature Reserve. The project would have no impacts on waterfowl inhabiting and rare endangered

23 species in the reserve. • Environmental impacts during operation: Tuohu Lake mainly accepts incoming water from Tuohe River, which is a rain-source river, whose water level is mainly affected by rainfall. Area of Tuohu Lake under the normal water level is about 40km2. The main task of this project is to dredge the upper reach of Tuohu Lake, so as not to affect the normal inflow of Tuohe River. The capacity of Tuohe River watercourse would increase to 438m3/s from the current 380m3/s. The water level of Tuohu Lake at lower reach of Tuohe River would rise in a certain period, but the surface area of the lake would not change obviously. The project would not have impacts on the habitats during operation phase. • Mitigation measures: strengthening ecological management and communication during construction and establishing rules for ecological protection . (4) Bali Lake Nature Reserve • Location linkages between the wtland and the project: the project is out of the scope of Bali River Nature Reserve, and the location of Bali River Nature Reserve is about 15km away from the project. The related project is the dredging of Jiannan River, Baofeng Ditch, Hongjian River and Gonglu River, which are the Bali River branches and their branch ditches. • Environmental impacts during construction: the project is not within the scope of Bali River Nature Reserve, but belongs to branch ditches of Bali River branch. Most of them are artificially excavated ditches without natural runoff. Therefore, the dredging construction in low water season would have minor impacts on water quantity and water quality of Bali River Nature Reserve, and have no impacts on waterfowl and rare and endangered species in the reserve. • Environmental impacts during operation: the source of Bali Lake is mainly natural precipitation. When this project is operating in flood season, water from Baofeng Ditch, Hongjian River and Gonglu River would be discharged into Yinghe River, so as to relieve the pressure of flood control of Bali Lake downstream. The inflow runoff to Bali Lake would decrease moderately in flood season, but the water level of all-year-round is normally more than 19.5m, which would not have impacts on the surface area of the Lake and waterfowl habitats either. • Mitigation measures: strengthen ecological management and public communication during construction and establish rules for ecological protection for construction workers.

24 (5) Gaoyou Lake Wetland • Location linkages between the wetland and the project: the project involves construction of 12 water logging drainage pump stations surrounding Gaoyou Lake in Tianchang City. It is out of the scope of Gaoyou Lake Wetland. The shortest distance between the construction and Gaoyou Lake Wetland is about 30km. • Environmental impacts during construction: the construction site is away from Gaoyou Lake Wetland and construction would not have impacts on the wetland. • Environmental impacts during operation: Gaoyou Lake belongs to Anhui Province and Jiangsu Province. Its total water area is 760.67km2, about 70km2 in Tianchang City in Anhui Province. The main incoming water of Gaoyou Lake is Huai River. Water logging drainage works involve the branch ditches of Gaoyou Lake, so the operation of the project would have minor impacts on the Lake. The implementation of this project would not affect the habitats of local water birds. • Mitigation Measures: strengthen ecological management and public communication during construction and establish rules on ecological protection for construction workers. (6) Huaibin Huainan Wetland Nature Reserves • ·Location linkages between the wetland and the project: the project would build 16 pumping and drainage stations, all of which would be located around the nature reserve, but not within the nature reserve. • Environmental impacts during construction: construction sites of 16 pumping and drainage stations are distant from water areas and tidal flat, so the scope of construction impacts is relatively small. During construction, it may temporarily affect the habitation environment of birds and animals. • Environmental impacts during operation: Huaibin Huainan Wetland Nature Reserve is located in the district of Huai River and its branches in Huaibin, and Tuzi Lake and Fangjia Lake. The purpose of the 16 pumping and drainage stations are pumping and draining water into Huai River and its branches during the flood season, finally into main stream of Huai River. Seen from the hydraulic relation between nature reserve and project, the operation of 16 sets of pumping and drainage stations along Huai River depression would not have impacts on water quantity of Fangjia Lake, Tuzi Lake of Huaibin Huainan Wetland Nature Reserve in Henan Province, but on that of Huai River and its branches such as Bailu River, Wulong Harbor. Pumping and drainage into river would increase water quantity certainly in flood season, but the flow only increases 1.28% with minor impacts degree, which would not have significant impacts on the habitat of Huaibin Huainan Wetland Nature Reserve in Henan Province.

25 Mitigation measures: arrange construction time to so as to avoid the gathering time of migratory birds as much as possible and restrict construction at night. All construction vehicles will be forbidden to blow their horns, and all noise sources and construction personnel activities shall be far away from habitats of avifauna and animals as much as possible. Construction must strictly execute administrative provisions of nature reserve and forbid all construction personnel to catch the birds. (7) Nansi Lake Nature Reserve • Location linkages between the wetland and the project: the project is watercourse dredging projects of 14 rivers in branches of Nansi Lake and their branch ditches. Those projects locate in the upper and the lower reaches of the nature reserve, not in the range of nature reserve. The nearest project is the dredging construction of Longgong River flowing into Nansi Lake. The construction site of the other watercourse dredging projects has a certain distance from Nansi Lake. (The shortest distance is about 3km.) • Environmental impacts during construction: in 14 dredging rivers involved in Shandong project, there are 5 rivers directly flowing into Nansi Lake. The annual total flow concentration quantity of these 5 improved rivers is 557500m3; accounting for 0.019% of annual water quantity flowing into Nansi Lake. Therefore, the watercourse dredging construction would bring about minor impacts to water flowing into Nansi Lake. Projects with watercourses dredging adopt mechanical dredging excavation. Therefore, the watercourse project would have minor impacts on the water quality of Nansi Lake. At the site of Longgong River flowing into Nansi Lake, noise from dredging activities, mechanical disturbance and construction personnel activities on the lake bank would have temporary impacts on the habitation environment of birds and animals. It would have impacts on aquatic life’s inhabiting, foraging, breeding and other activities in lake mouth area if construction time is not properly arranged. Construction from April to June would affect some fish species (e.g. crucian) breeding in local waters. • Environmental impacts during operation: the project is to improve the capacity of preventing flood and drain water logging. In non-flood period, Nansi Lake hydrological regime will not be affected. In flood period, Nansi Lake would add flow capacity of 6.5m3/s, newly increased flow capacity feeds water to Nansi Lake with area of 1,266km2 has minor impacts on water capacity and water level of the lake. Therefore, the project has minor impacts on Nansi Lake Natural Habitat. • Mitigation measures: construction at Longgong River watercourse of Nansi Lake mouth shall avoid disturbing inside water body of lakes and riverbank aquatic weed, and the construction phase shall avoid spawning season of sedentary fish (from April to June). The noise source and construction personnel activities shall be far from waterfowl habitat as much as possible, and the night construction shall

26 be forbidden to avoid the impacts of night lamplight on waterfowl inhabiting. 4.3.2 Bed Mud Main solid waste is bed mud from watercourse dredging. Watercourse dredging methods in this project include dry dredging, wet dredging and hydraulic scouring and filling. For dry dredging, equipment would be used to excavate bed mud through building cofferdams in low water season; for wet dredging, bed mud would be dredged under the water using dredgers; for hydraulic scouring and filling, bed mud would be transported and excavated by pumps. Except the dredged bed mud from the rivers along lower reaches of Xiaohong River in Henan, the other dredged bed mud is dumped in the spoil area, which can be reclaimed later. For purposes of this EA, a total of 112 monitoring points of bed mud have been set up, which cover big rivers, big ditches and branch ditches that are to be dredged. The EA was carried out according to the Environmental Quality Standard for Soil (GB15618-1995)(pH ＞7.5) category II. Cd of bed mud in Dushuzhi major bridge, Taidong River in Jiangsu province, abandoned Yellow River and Taizhou project area exceed standard; Factor of Cu and Cd at monitoring point where Shuihu Lake flood drainage ditch in Anhui Gaotang Lake depression flows into Gaotang Lake exceeds standard. Toxicity extraction experiment was carried out for bed mud at this monitoring point and results show that bed mud doesn’t fall under hazardous solid waste; each monitoring factor in other monitoring points doesn’t exceed the standard, metal content doesn’t exceed standard. Ground water and soil environment won’t be polluted by heavy metals. Therefore, after land occupation for spoil area ends, the land can be reclaimed and won’t cause pollution and hazard to vegetation and the environment. For spoil areas where bed mud exceeds standard, protection measures need to be taken as recommended by the EA, including laying and compacting clay for the bottom layer of soil and covering the surface soil. Meanwhile, for spoil areas where bed mud exceeds the standard, they can’t be used for growing crops such as vegetables or grain, but can be used for afforestation. 4.3.3 Land Resources There is permanent land acquisition for the project of 15,821.38 Mu, mainly including cultivated land and garden land. Permanent land acquisition may bring about adverse impacts such as changes of land utilization modes, reduction of cultivated land, decline of soil fertility and agricultural production damaged; but cultivated land and garden land acquired only account for 0.11% of total cultivated land and has minor impacts on land recourses in the project areas. Adverse impacts from the reduction of cultivated land may be mitigated through improving agricultural structure, raising productivity of land and developing reserved land resources. There is temporary land occupation for project of 43,171.6 Mu in total, including

27 temporary land occupation for borrow area, spoil area, construction, etc. Temporary land occupation may bring about some adverse impacts such as plant destruction and cultivated land degradation. On the basis of making well compensation for land occupation and measure for reclamation, impacts of temporary land on land recourses are within the acceptable range. After implementation of the project, in the project areas, there is average area of disaster reduction from flood drainage is about 0.923million Mu for many years, average area of disaster reduction from flood control is about 0.3655Mu for many years. Therefore, in this project, there is land occupation of 15,821Mu, but it makes land of 1.2885million Mu free from losses raising from flood and water logging disaster, which produces outstanding benefits. 4.3.4 Soil Erosion During project implementation, topography would be disturbed, land and vegetation would be damaged, which involve an area of 5242.53hm2; soil and water conservation facilities would be damaged from an area of 555.59hm2; additional soil erosion would amount to 1.4196 million tons. During the construction, water and soil erosion would be serious, waste dumping and borrow areas would be those with more serious soil erosion. At present, preparation of water and soil conservation plans has been completed in four provinces. According to these plans, the prevention & control measures system for water and soil erosion includes preventive measures and improvement measures while the latter can be divided into engineering measures and vegetation measures. After prevention & control measures are taken, the excepted targets for water and soil erosion prevention and control can be achieved. Environmental impacts of soil erosion and protection measures are summarized in Table 4-6.

Table 4-6 Summary of Environmental Impacts of Soil Erosion and Protection Measures Damaged coverage of water and soil conservation Project construction 555.59hm2 4700.67hm2 facility area Disturbed ground coverage 5242.53hm2 Directly affected area 541.86hm2 New increased total quantity of soil erosion 1.4729million t Reduced total prediction 1.4196million t amount of soil erosion Disturbed land treatment rate 95% Control coverage of water and soil 4177.63hm2 Treatment degree 100% Task and conservation measurements object for Main Main engineering work load of soil and Background value of 225～938t/km2.a prevention prevention water conservation measures is that land soil erosion measurement regularization of 13.50hm2, excavating Target value of plan 200～500t/km2.a

28 and drainage ditch earthworks of 333.5 Allowable value of 200t/km2.a engineering thousand m3, earthwork backfilling of project area work load 326.3thousand m3, grass planting and turf protecting of 1596.41hm2, planting Italian Control ratio 0.8～1.0 Poplar of 644,100, planting 319,000 trees and 474,000 shrubs Ditch of project measurement and Dregs blocking rate 95% temporary blocking measurement are Coefficient of 97% Deposit adopted in deposit areas during vegetation recovery Areas constructional period, and plant Coverage percentage measurement and agricultural land of forest and grass 22% recovery measurement, after finishing vegetation

4.4 Impact Analysis of General Environmental Problems and Protection Measures

4.4.1 Hydrological Regime By means of watercourse improvement, dike strengthening, constructing and reconstructing flood control culverts and gates and drainage stations and other measures, this project would establish a complete set of flood control and drainage system in the project areas to enhance regional flood control capacity and drainage standard. However, project construction and operation, especially watercourse improvement, would have some impacts on the hydrological regime of rivers involved. The EA has analyzed project impacts on hydrological regime from the perspectives of key factors hydrological regime including watercourse section, flow velocity, flow rate, water level, sediment concentration, erosion and siltation: ①Watercourse section: enhance watercourse flow capacity by deeply excavating riverbed and broadening river surface; ②Flow velocity: remove watercourse bed mud, existing water-blocking structures, and watercourse forests to enable smooth flow and higher velocity; ③Flow direction: no change; ④Flow rate: project construction would not affect flow rate of incoming water; ⑤Water level: a) impacts of dredging works: in case of maintaining flow rate of incoming water, water level would be lowered after dredging works are built; b) impacts of flood control culverts and gates and water logging drainage pumping stations: most flood control culverts and gates and water logging drainage pumping stations of this project belong to rebuilding, expansion or reconstruction on existing base with few new

29 constructions, and their commissioning and operation would continue to follow the existing modes, so they would not bring significant impacts on the existing water level of rivers; ⑥Sediment concentration and erosion and siltation: bed mud is an integral part of riverbed and is the result of balanced long-term scouring and siltation watercourse. After dredging is implemented, river sediment concentration would be reduced and sediment scouring and siltation would achieve new balance. Based on the above analysis, project impacts on hydrological regime of rivers are mainly increase of flow rate and overflow capacity of rivers, thereby improving flood drainage capacity of rivers and relieving the pressure on original depressions that have difficulties in timely draining water logging. 4.4.2 Surface Water Environment Impacts on surface water environment and environmental protection measures are given in Table 4-7.

30 Table 4-7 Impacts on Surface Water Environment and Protection Measures Prevention & control Impact sources Environmental impacts measures ·For watercourses which diversion is carried out depending on other rivers, except that water quality (IV category) of diverted water body of Reasonably plan Yinpinsha River in Shandong project is slightly diversion plan, the inferior to receiving body of water, Erzhi ditch principle of (III category), water quality of other rivers is Construction construction similar with or comparatively better than that in diversion diversion is that diverted watercourse and it won’t bring about Impact of aquatic environment pollution to receiving body of water construction in peripheral areas ·For diversion project of Yinping River, diversion activity won’t be deteriorated quantity is very small and is 3.0 m3/s. Therefore, it would bring about limited impacts on water body of Erzhi ditch Bed mud disturbed by watercourse dredging can Bed mud make suspended matter of water body exceed Reasonably choose disturbed by index for a short time, but it can’t bring about construction dredging & major adverse impacts on water quality of water equipment excavation body Building pit drainage mainly are underground Ensure that other Building pit water seepage and rainfall, its water quality is wastewater won’t drainage comparatively good and have on impact on mixed in it surface water environment ·Wastewater from flushing sandstone, SS is generally 3000-5000mg/L Production Wastewater ·Concrete curing wastewater are alkaline, PH ·Sedimentation wastewater from concrete value is 9-12 process form project ·Distribution of the project is scattered, bill of ·Reclamation construction construction quantities is small; it would be partially affected and discharging has minor impacts on aquatic environment after treatment Wastewater of Quantity of wastewater is smaller, thereby, it flushing would have smaller adverse impacts on surface ·Oil removal machinery and water environment after taking measures such as ·Reclamation vehicle oil removal to wastewater ·Diathermia is used ·Distribution of the project is scattered, quantity for farmyard manure. of domestic wastewater is smaller and degree of ·Domestic Domestic wastewater form impacts is lower wastewater such as construction personnel ·With the completion of construction, impacts on meal is discharged surface water environment would no longer exist into sewage purifier and such impacts are only short term after oil removal

31 4.4.3 Ground Water The project would have no impacts on groundwater quality but have some impacts on groundwater level. Construction of watercourses structures and filling areas would have no impacts on groundwater level. After operation of the project, due to inland inundation in the project areas, groundwater level would be reduced, which would be good for improving groundwater quality in the project areas and preventing soil stalinization. 4.4.4 Ambient Air and Acoustic Environment Impacts of the project on ambient air mainly come from construction dust, waste gas from fuel oil, traffic dust nuisance, etc. Impacts on acoustic environment mainly comes form noise from construction machinery and transportation vehicle. Most project areas are located in countryside, background quality of ambient air and acoustic environment are better, distribution of the projects is scattered and topography of construction area is wide. Therefore, waste gas from construction won’t have significant adverse impacts on quality of ambient air and acoustic environment in construction area. Construction of projects located in suburb, cross-city project and the project nearby sensitive spots would have some adverse impacts on sensitive areas. In EA, relevant protection measures of ambient air and acoustic environment are controlled to reduce these adverse impacts and ensure to fulfill them during the period of construction. 4.4.5 Aquatic Ecology Project construction would bring about impacts and damages to habitats of aquatic life to a certain extent. Construction is carried out in low water season, construction phase is comparatively short and most rivers involved in the project are small rivers, ditches, which has no water or little water in low water season, and the project quantity is smaller. Therefore, impacts of project construction on aquatic ecology are temporary, partial and reversible and won’t have major adverse impacts on aquatic life. After completion of the project, construction interference would disappear, flow rate of water body would increase, and water quality would be improved. Ecological environment in the project areas would be improved, bring benefits to growth, breeding and inhabitation of aquatic life. 4.4.6 Terrestrial Ecology Area of terrestrial ecology disturbed by this project is 5242.53hm2, and accounts for 0.54% of total area of the project area and is distributed in four provinces. Therefore, vegetation damage arising from this project is limited and can be recovered after completion of the project. Project construction would have certain impact on habitation and fetching food of terrestrial life. Construction is carried out section by section, construction phase is comparatively short, activities of human being in the project areas are frequent, watercourse periphery mainly are farmland and habitant of human being and there is no large-size wildlife and protected species. Therefore, impact of the project on terrestrial ecology can be received, and is temporary and can be recovered after completion of the project.

32 4.4.7 Invasion of Alien Species This project construction won’t bring about invasion of alien invasive species and further spread and diffusion of existing alien species. 4.4.8 Pest Management Construction of this project won’t change agricultural planting structure and scale in the project area and date applying agricultural chemicals to farm crops and that of flood and water logging disaster are different. Therefore, this project won’t make amount of application to farm crops increase obviously. Moreover, in the year suffering from disaster, disease and pest is comparatively serious and amount of application of agricultural chemicals would be increased to salvage farm crops after suffering from water logging disaster. After implementation of this project, capacity of fighting the disaster in the project areas would be increased and area of farm crops suffering from disaster would be reduced effectively. Thereby, increased amount of application of agricultural chemicals would be reduced to salvage farm crops suffering from disaster. 4.4.9 Public Health Public health refers to health of construction personnel, resettlers and residents. Hygiene and disease control in construction areas and resettlement areas should be strengthened to prevent from the outbreak and prevalence of all kinds of infectious diseases and ensure public health. 4.4.10 Cultural Relics One historic site, Qingjiang Gate, was found in the project area, and it is located under Ruofei Bridge of Liyun River of Jiangsu Province. There is no project where Qingjiang Gate is located; therefore, the project construction would not have any impact on it. Except Qingjiang Gate, no other reported cultural relics and historic sites which should be protected have been discovered in the construction areas. If cultural relics and ancient tombs and other cultural heritages were discovered during construction phase, the on-site construction shall be suspended and relevant cultural relics authorities be informed of so that they can send professional personnel to do site investigations and make decisions on rescue or excavation.

33 5. SOCIAL AND REGIONAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT

5.1 Social Impact Assessment

5.1.1 Project Beneficiary Areas and Project Affected Areas 1. Project Beneficiary Areas Areas benefiting from the project include 16 cities in 4 provinces of Jiangsu, Anhui, Henan and Shandong. Specifically, these areas are: a) in Jiangsu Province, there are Hailing District, the Agriculture Development District and Economic Development Zone of Taizhou City; Chuzhou District, Qingpu District, Qinghe District and Development District of Huaian City, , Economic Development Zone of Xuzhou City; Tongshan County; b) 11 counties (District) of 8 cities in Anhui Province as Fuyang, Liu’an, Huainan, Bengbu, Suzhou, Huaibei Chuzhou and Hefei; c) 8 counties of as , and City in Henan Province; and d) 18 villages at 8 towns in 5 counties (cities or districts) of Zaozhuang, and Jining in Shandong Province. Implementation of the project would effectively improve regional environment, significantly enhance standard of waterlogging drainage and flood control, promote regional economic development, improve investments in environment, and create the condition for sustainable development of cities in the project areas. 2. Project Affected Areas The project affected scope mainly concentrates at both banks of river way and nearby the building, among them, river way project affected scope mainly includes three parts: a) reinforce dike section and bank up the areas for taking and throwing away soil in dike; b) region between the standard section for excavating river way and the present river mouth; c) construction path and location expropriated for construction and so on, its affected scope assumes the belt-shaped distribution along the river way. The project affected scopes of building mainly are land occupation of building and land acquisition for project management office. The main content of project impact is land occupation of project, the impact of house demolition, and impact for demolishing and rebuilding the special installations and so on. According to survey data, total resettlement project of Huai River key plain and low-lying land treatment project affects 679 villages’ of 165 towns at 56 counties in 18 cities in Jiangsu Province, Anhui Province, Henan Province and Shandong Province. Among them, the affected area in Jiangsu Province involve 142 villages of 39 towns at 16counties in 3 cities; the affected area in Anhui Province altogether involves 19 counties (area) in Fuyang, Liuan, Huainan, Bengbu, Suzhou, Huaibei, Chuzhou, Hefei and so on 9 cities; the affected area in Shandong Province involves 155 villages of 30 towns at 13 counties in Zaozhuang, Linyi, Jining; the affected area in Henan Province involves 133 villages of 51 towns at 8 counties in Xinyang, Chumatien City, Zhoukou City.

34 5.1.2 Impacts of Resettlement on the Environment and Environmental Protection Measures Impacts of resettlement on the environment and environmental protection measures are given in Table 5-1.

35 Table 5-1 Impacts of Resettlement on the Environment and Environmental Protection Measures Category Plan of resettlement Environmental Impact of resettlement Protection measure Temporarily ·Carry out compensation to output value during the period of Resettlers can be guaranteed their incoming from cultivated land isn’t less Ensure to fulfill compensation and occupied land occupation than that before construction of the project reclamation measures ·After occupation, return cultivated land to resettlers for reclamation ·Land capacity in each village can meet requirements of land adjustment ·Monetary compensation will be adopted within itself villages. Through cultivated land is reduced, amount of land ·Ensure to fulfill compensation and in Henan, Anhui and Shandong. occupation in each village is very small, thereby, it has minor impacts on resettlement measures The compensation direct pays to affected land environment capacity in resettlement area after expropriated land ·Pay attention to prevent from soil individual. Affected household could be Henan: 105.76 Mu ·In resettlement area, carrying out land adjustment according to plan erosion during the course of Permanently engaged on other agriculture or non- Anhui: 1600.9 Mu standard can avoid the land loss of resettlers wasteland development expropriated land agriculture income creating activities Jiangsu:2853.56 Mu ·Taking advantage of compensation funds for land occupation and ·Promote and use organic fertilizer ·Some areas of Jiangsu Province rich in Shandong: 132.50 Mu combining with local development condition, income of resettlers and and farmyard manure during the land resource take land readjustment in residents in resettlement area may be recovered and reach the level before course of land reformation, strictly themselves village as main method. land expropriated through restructuring of medium-and low-yield control the usage of chemical The others carry out monetary farmland, adjustment of planting structure, development of livestock fertilizer and organic phosphorus compensation. breeding, meatpacking industry and other measures pesticide House-building of each household relocated is compensated according to standard. Adopt decentralized and ·Resettlers’ dwelling space and housing conditions would be improved ·Ensure to fulfill compensation and backward resettlement in Henan: 117persons resettlement measures Countryside and raised. the same village. Anhui: 136persons ·Social cultural environment of resettlers’ living won’t be changed. ·Strengthen management and domestic ·Migrants of Huaishang Jiangsu: 1052persons environmental protection of building ·Infrastructure in resettlement area would be improved. Removal of District of Bengbu City， Shandong: 15persons ·Geographic distribution of population in resettlement area won’t be house-buildings removing and house-buildings Anhui Province and changed. building construction Taizhou City ,Jiangsu ·Removal, resettlement and building of house-buildings would bring ·Strengthen safety management of Province will be about short-term adverse impacts on natural environment in resettlement grants’ drinking water concentrated resettled down area. ·Pay attention to health care and the in the planned place public health Urban One is currency compensation; the other is house inhabitant property right exchanges. house ·Some eenterprises and institutions affected do not need to be completely ·Ensure to fulfill compensation and relocated and there have minor impacts. resettlement measures Removal of ·Monetary compensation ·Enterprises and institutions necessary for moving entirely, their normal ·During the course of removal and enterprises and ·Removal and building by themselves operation would be affected during construction phase reconstruction, strengthen institutions ·Overall planning and relocation ·Activities such as enterprises and institutions, relocation and construction management and reconstruction of other facilities would have adverse impacts on natural environmental protection, pay environment in resettlement area for a short time. attention to water and soil Removal and conservation, prevent from water and building of Carry out relocation and reconstruction according to the principle of Relocation and reconstruction would damage sub aerial vegetation and soil erosion and mitigate adverse special-purpose “original scale, original function” bring about temporary inconvenient for local residents. impacts of construction activities on facilities environment

36 5.2 Analysis of Impacts on Regional Environment

5.2.1 Introduction of Relevant Planning and Analysis on Consistency The project, as an important part of Huai River Improvement Planning, has been listed as one of the 3 newly-added construction projects in improving Huai River in Planning for Accelerating the Construction of Huai River Basin Improvement Project (2003-2007). And it meets the requirements of general layout and purpose in that planning. The construction of the project aims at improving flood control and drainage capacity, ensuring life and property security and improving the living conditions of people in the project areas. It conforms to World Bank Assistance Strategic Plan toward China. 5.2.2 Analysis of Accumulative Hydrological Impacts 1. Relationship between This Project and “19+3 Program” “19+3 Program” is a key program recently defined for the improvement of Huai River in the Planning for Accelerating the Construction of Huai River Basin Improvement Project (2003-2007), which includes “19 backbone projects for Huai River improvement” and “3 key projects” . This project is one of the “3 key projects”. Table 5-2 Overall Objectives of the Project and “19+3 Program” Item Objectives of the Project Overall Objectives of “19+3 Program” ①The flood control standard averagely reaches once flood in 10 years in the upstream of main stream in Huai River. The protected ①Standard of flood control: polder area in Huaibei dam reaches once flood in 100 years under the mouth below 10,000 mu is under the circumstance of fully utilizing and starting the project of flood standard of interval 10-year return control in Linhuaigang in flood storage district along the Huai period, polder mouth above 10,000 River. Hongze lake and the protected area in downstream reach mu and important polder mouth the flood control standard of once flood in above 100 years. below 10,000 mu with large ②Basically solve the flood control safety of the mass and water population is under the standard of logging control problems in flood storage district. interval 20-year return period. Main content ③The middle-downstream of the Yishusi Basin reaches the flood ②standard of water logging control: control standard of interval 50-year return period ④A part of the general polder mouth to drain is important branch rivers of the backbone watercourse and basin under the standard of interval 5-year crossing-province in Huaibei reach the flood control standard of return period, while the important once flood in 10-20 years and the water logging standard 3-5 polder mouth with large population years. is under the standard of interval ⑤The water logging standard of the depression along Huai River 5-years or above with reaches the standard of interval 5-year return period. The water self-arrangement of 5-10 years. logging standard in Lixiahe area reaches interval 10-year return period. Relationship Relationship between the whole and the part 2. Analysis of Accumulative Hydrological Impacts in Typical Areas The EA selected 3 typical areas to analyze the accumulative hydrological impacts of this project. (1) Analysis on the impacts of the construction of Henan pumping stations The area of depressions along of the Huai River to be improved is 407.13 km2; 3-year recurrence drainage standard would be increased to 5-year recurrence standard with

37 drainage flow increased by 89.69m3/s (16 stations). There is 18,574km2 drainage basin of Huai River in Xinyang City with only 2.19% increase in the drainage area along the Huai River. Ten-year recurrence flood discharge capacity is 7000m3/s in Huaibin Hydrological Station, and the increased discharge capacity is 89.69m3/s, or an increase of 1.28%. Therefore, construction of these stations would have minor impacts on the flood discharge capacity of mainstream Huai River both in terms of drainage area and increase in the drainage flow. (2) Impacts of the project on the outlet of Tuohu Lake This project can only increase the flow capacity of dredging watercourse without changing the total incoming flow capacity of the watercourse. But it must be considered that in a certain period, due to increase in the flow capacity of dredging watercourses, the incoming flow in the upstream would be increased over the present incoming flow. Take Tuohe River as an example: when water level in Haocheng Sluice and Panji is 17.37m and 15.63m respectively, flow capacity of Tuohe River is about 380m3/s. After being dredged according to the 5-year recurrence standard, the flow capacity of the watercourse is about 438m3/s under the same water level. Through calculation, the present drainage capacity of mainstream down from Tuoheji is equivalent to 80～87% of drainage capacity of 5-year recurrence floods. As the evaluation and analysis show that after the project is put into operation, the downstream water level of dredging watercourse would increase in a certain period. However, this project has taken the impacts factor of downstream into account during design. Therefore, hydrological impacts of the dredging works are in the controllable scope without significant adverse impacts on downstream watercourses. (3) Impacts of the project on Xinshuyi River ①Analysis on the impacts of Nansi Lake on the Xinshuyi River Nansi Lake basin covers an area of 31700km２ with area of lake surface 1266km２ and catchment area of watercourse of 30400km2. There are 53 big or small rivers flowing into the lake. The project refers to 8 watercourses into the lake, respectively Longgong River, Former Zhaowang River, Former Sihe River, Ancient Canal in Weishan Lake, Former Wanfu River, Xiaosha River, Nigou River and Xiaosha River former watercourse, with total catchment area of 1004.5km2，accounting by 3.17% of total catchment area of Nansi Lake. In addition, these eight watercourses listed on the project drain their water logging into Nansi Lake all the time. So the catchment area doesn’t increase through this improvement. There are just 4 newly-built pumping stations over these 8 watercourses and increased pumping and discharging flow of 6.5m3/s into the lake. Flood in Nansi Lake is discharged into Luoma Lake along the Hanzhuang Canal and Grand Canal. After the detention storage in Luoma Lake, it would flow through the Xinyi River and drain into the Yellow Sea. Consequently the newly-increased discharge would have no impacts on Xinyi River improvement scheme which is enlarging the excavation of spillway & restoration of the dike, and improvement of the defected projects according to 50-year recurrence design standard. ②Analysis of Baima River and Wutan River on Xinshuyi River

38 Flood in the Baima River flows into the Yihe River, through Yuyang village into the of Jiangsu Province, then to the Luoma Lake. Flood in the Wutan River flows into the flood-dividing the railway of Picang, through Grand Canal draining into Luoma Lake. After the detention storage in Luoma Lake, it would flow through the Xinyi River and drain into the Yellow Sea. Besides, there is no newly-built pumping station over the two rivers and no newly increased discharge in this improvement. Flood in these two rivers discharged in this way before the construction of this project. Therefore through the improvement on both rivers, nothing would happen but the increase of the flood discharge speed and would have no impacts on the project Xinyi River improvement which is carrying out the enlarged excavation of spillway & restoration of the dike, and improvement of the defected projects according to the design standard of interval 50-year return period. 5.2.3 Analysis of Positive and Negative Impacts on Regional Environment (1) Positive benefits of the project Main positive benefits of the project are: i) strengthened the regional flood control and drainage capacity; ii) enhanced the development of the regional social economy; iii) resolved social problems resulted from poverty as a result of water logging; iv) improved regional ecological environment; v) promote harmonious development between people and environment. (2) Negative benefits of the project Negative benefits of the project mainly include: ①land occupation; ② short-term negative impacts on the environment caused by project construction and resettlement. (3) Comprehensive analysis From the long run perspective, the positive benefit of project would be far more than its negative benefit, after the implementation of all kinds of compensating measure and environmental protection measures, the negative impacts can be effectively reduced. 5.2.4 Example of Similar Existing Projects Physical construction in the project includes watercourse dredging, dike strengthening and structures such as pumping stations, culvert, gates and bridges. All these works are common engineering measures in Huai River basin improvement and national water projects and have mature construction techniques and rich construction experience. In the EA process, the EA team visited Huai River Basin Commission and water resources authorities of these four provinces and investigated the benefits and environmental impacts of some similar project already completed. . Contents of Xiaohong River Management and Hudong Dike Strengthening Project are similar to those of this project. Based on the actual situation of construction and operation, project implementation didn’t have significant adverse impacts on regional environment. After operation, the Xiaohong project has played a key role in flood control, promoted socioeconomic development in the project areas and improved living standards of local people.

39 6. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES

The alternatives are analyzed in the following three aspects: without project alternative analysis, comparative selection analysis of different locations and comparative selection analysis of different technical alternatives.

6.1 Without Project Alternative

EA carried out the comparative analysis of without project alternative in terms of environmental benefits and losses and social economy (Table 6-1). Table 6-1 Comparative Analysis of Without Project Alternative Category Project implementation Plan Without project scheme ·Project construction conforms to Huai River Basin Improvement Planning ·Strengthen regional flood and waterlogging disaster resistance capacity ·Propel regional social economic Maintain current environmental development Merits situation, has no impact on ·Resolve some problems due to poverty environment. caused by flood ·Improve the regional ecological environment ·Promote the harmonious development between human beings and environment ·The situation of frequent flood disasters can not be improved, thereby causing enormous social economy and ·Land resource occupation life and property loss, seriously ·Short-term adverse impacts on the Demerits restricting regional economic environment caused by project development and improvement of construction and resettlement people’s living standards. ·Bring about a series of social problems due to poverty caused by flood. Comprehensive Project construction scheme is more preferred than zero project scheme from angle analysis of society and environment. Table 6-1 indicates that although the without-project scenario has no environmental impact, the production and life of people in the project areas are still threatened by floods, seriously impeding social and economic development; even though the project implementation scenario would bring about certain environmental impacts, these impacts can be avoided or eliminated through taking corresponding environmental protection measures. Moreover, environmental impacts during project construction are temporary, while the social and environmental benefits brought by the project operation are long lasting. Therefore, from social and environmental perspectives, the project implementation scenario is better than nothing and the project is highly necessary.

6.2 Comparative Selection of Project Locations

In the Huai River Basin, the area of the depressions liable to water-logging is huge. The

40 depressions mainly locate in areas surrounded by dikes, plain areas in the lower reach of the river and lakeside, where flood disasters frequently occur. Principles for identifying the scope of the project are: ①The depressions with the following characteristics: Drainage standard is low, drainage capacity is deficient, waterlog controlling system is not complete, flood and waterlogging control capacity is weak. These depressions do not meet the requirements for local socioeconomic development. ②The emphasis is on the depressions with the heaviest damages. In considering the depressions damaged in the 2003 flood, key drainage works with less investment and immediate benefits which are urgently needed in these areas would be built first. ③On the basis of respecting the opinions of local governments and the people, the low-lying depressions with consensus reached on the necessity of improvement would be selected. Based on the above principles, the scope of the project is defined as follows: The scope of the project involves 4 provinces. Three depressions are located in the Henan Province, including 1 depression in the north and north-east of the province, 1 depression in Xiaohong River, and 1 depression in Jialu River and the lower reaches of the Ying River. Eleven depressions are located in Anhui Province, including the depressions in Bali River, Jiaogang Lake, Zhengnan depression, lower reaches of Xifei River, Jia River, Gaotang Lake, lower reaches of Beifei River, Gaoyou Lake, Xie River, Tuo River, and Tian River. Three depressions are located in Jiangsu Province, including depressions in Lixiahe area (Taidong River and Taizhou City area), the Li Canal depression in the north of Subei Irrigation Canal (Huai’an City), depressions in abandoned Yellow River area (Xuzhou City); 3 depressions are located in Shandong Province, including 1 depression in the lakeside area of Nansi Lake, 1 depression along the Canal and 1 depression in Tancang area. Compared with other depressions in the basin, the depressions selected in this project have more severe floods and more pressing needs for improvement.

6.3 Comparative Selection of Technical Alternatives

6.3.1 Comparative Selection of Watercourse Dredging Alternatives

Normal alternatives for watercourses and drainage ditches include: under water dredging by dredger (wet dredging) and dredging with machines (mechanical dredging) by constructing water-retaining cofferdam in low water season. Comparison of mechanical dredging and wet dredging alternatives is given in Table 6-2. Table 6-2 Comparison between Two Dredging Alternatives Ground mechanical excavation in low Item Dredger dredging under water water season Construction ·Be applicable to dredging water course ·Be applicable to dredging water course condition with narrow surface width and basically with water all the year round.

41 no water or only small volume of water ·For the large rivers, dredge with in low water season large-scale dredger can effectively reduce ·Convenient ground traffic, which can construction cost. facilitate the access of earthwork equipment. Only the excavated spoil occupies the The special filling area shall be set up, Land land, which can be dumped along the the project occupies comparatively larger occupation two bank lines combing with levee area. works, thus occupies less land. The excavated soil by the ground mechanical dredging is arid soil that can The reclamation of filling area takes long Reclamation of be leveled by excavating machine, the time, which would have impacts on the spoil area reclamation time would be short, and the production recovery of local residents. impacts on production restoration of local residents would be minor. The project occupies comparatively larger land area, more terrestrial The project occupies comparatively less Environmental vegetation biomass are damaged, the oil land area, the damaged area of the impact sludge and heavy metal leaching during terrestrial vegetation is fewer. dredger dredging would have impacts on the water quality of the river. The unit cost for excavation is basically The unit cost for excavation is basically same, filling cofferdam reclamation, Investment same, the temporary soil transportation turbid water discharging are added, the comparison roads are added, comprehensive present drainage system may be silted up, construction cost is slightly lower. comprehensive construction cost is slightly higher. Based on Table 6-2, less land would be occupied for the mechanical dredging alternative and reclamation of spoil area would be easier. However, application of this alternative is constrained by actual construction conditions. Based on the actual situation of watercourses to be improved, the project design adopts mechanical dredging for watercourses (including all in Henan Province, Shandong Province and some in Jiangsu Province) without water or with a small volume of water in low water season; for watercourses (some in Anhui and Jiangsu Provinces) with water all year round and mechanical dredging can’t be applied, the wet dredging alternative would be adopted. The EA believes that the selection of dredging alternatives is reasonable. Less land would be occupied by the mechanical dredging and the water flow would be easier. However, the application of this construction scheme is restricted with construction condition, the project design fully considers the actual situation of the watercourses to be improved, adopts mechanical dredging for the watercourse (including all the watercourse works in Henan Province, Shandong Province and some watercourse works in Jiangsu Province, ) without water or with a small volume of water in low water season, for those watercourses (some watercourse works in Anhui and Jiangsu Provinces) with water all year round and mechanical dredging can’t be applied, the wet dredging would be adopted. The EA considers the dredging alternative to be reasonable.

42 6.3.2 Comparative Selection of Diversion Alternatives during Constructon

Watercourse dredging works in the four provinces would be implemented mainly through mechanical excavation. Ground construction conditions need to be created and diversion works to be built. Classified according to diversion approaches, normal diversion alternatives adopted for water projects are diversion through the original watercourse and diversion through different watercourses. The alternative of diversion through the original watercourse won’t cause adverse impacts on the surface water environment. Except for the diversion works of Yinping River in Shandong which has Category III water, water quality in other rivers or diversion watercourses is fairly good and won’t lead to pollution to the receiving water bodies. This indicates rational selection of diversion alternatives. Among watercourses used for diversion during construction, Yinping River is diverted through Erzhi ditch. However, water quality of Erzhi ditch is better than that of Yinping River; if water body of Yinping River is diverted into Erzhi ditch, it is inevitable to have some adverse impacts on aquatic environment of Erzhi ditch. Erzhi ditch (Shahe River in Zhouying) and Shahe River in Yinping are all on the northern side of Shengli Channel, so the conditions of diversion through Shengli Channel are available, and then divert into Xingou River from Shengli Channel, into Taogou River from Xingou River and finally into Zhongyun River. Water quality of Xingou River is also category IV and this diversion alternative would not cause water quality pollution of diversion watercourse. Therefore, from the perspective of water environment protection the EA suggests adopting the diversion alternative through Shengli Channel to carry out construction diversion in the improvement section of Yinping River.

43 7. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

The Environmental Management Plan (EMP) outlines the mitigation, monitoring and institutional measures to be taken during project implementation and operation to avoid or control adverse environmental impacts, and the actions needed to implement these measures. For each proposed measure, the EMP defines the technical content, estimated cost, schedule of implementation, roles and responsibilities of different persons or institutions, sources of funding and methods to monitor the results. The EMP has to be included in the EA of each sub-project according to SEPA’s Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment; meanwhile, the separate EMP report has been prepared by local EA institutes for each individual sub-project in compliance with World Bank procedures. The EMP covers all phases of the Project from preparation to construction and to commissioning and operation. It aims to ensure control of environmental impacts through the implementation of monitoring and mitigation activities. The full EMP of the Project would be incorporated into the construction and operation management plans of the Project as appropriate and would form part of the bidding documentation.

7.1 Organization

According to relevant regulations and needs of actual project, this project shall set up specialized environmental management institutions to be responsible for environmental management, environmental monitoring and environmental supervision of this project. EA suggests setting up provincial environmental management office under PMOs of Henan, Anhui, Jiangsu and Shandong Provinces and establishing a set of environmental management system with PMOs at the center as shown in Figure 7-1 and Table 7-1.

Provincial PMO World Bank

State Environmental Protection Administration Engineer Provincial Environmental Expert Team of Environment Management Office Provincial Environmental Protection Bureau

Environmental Environmental Supervision Monitoring Institution Municipal and County Environmental Protection Bureau

Construction Contractor/Construction Area/Project-affected aeras Environmental Supervision Department of the Government Management and Coordination and Contract Relation Cooperation Relation

Figure 7-1 Diagram of Environmental Management System

44 Table 7-1 Agencies Comprising the Environmental Management System Type of Name Tasks Agency Provincial Project Management Office Project management Management Provincial Environmental Environmental Management Management Office World Bank Supervision of EPM implementation Supervision Provincial, Municipal And County Administration, supervision and management agencies of Environmental Protection Bureaus the government Implementation of environmental protection measures Implementation Contractor during construction Entrusted by environmental management agencies of the Panel of Environmental Experts project to carry out environmental inspection and provide consulting and technical support. Entrusted by environmental management agencies of the Environmental Supervision Consulting and project to supervise and manage the contractor. Services Receiving and issuing official letters between Project Supervision environmental engineer and contractors Entrusted by environmental management agencies of the Environmental Monitoring Institution project to undertake professional environmental monitoring

7.2 Environmental Impacts Mitigation Measures

The most important purpose of EPM is to carry out environment mitigation measures described in the EA. The project owner would take the ultimate responsibility for environmental management during construction. The PMO would have dedicated environmental specialists who would be responsible to manage routine environmental activities of contractors, maintain liaison with arbitrators and intermediaries and communicate with the affected public including receiving public complaints. Environmental management staff from the provincial and local PMOs is also responsible for ensuring the implementation of mitigation measures identified and designed by the EA and EMP. They would work closely with the design institute and contractors as necessary to modify and update the mitigation design and scale as needed by the actual conditions during project construction and implementation. The contractors are fully responsible for implementing the mitigation measures in compliance with the Environmental Obligations detailed in their Contract and in the EMP. The Environmental Team of the Construction Supervision Companies would monitor construction sites and activities to ensure that best environmental practices are applied and to assess the effectiveness of mitigation measures.

7.3 Environmental Monitoring Plan and Report

Environmental monitoring plan would address different objectives: (i) during construction, to ensure that contractors fulfill their environmental management obligations (compliance monitoring) and that effectiveness of mitigation measures meets environmental standards and objectives (ambient monitoring), and (ii) during operation stage, to ensure the facilities are operated in accordance with their technical specifications and in compliance

45 with environmental standards. During construction, compliance monitoring programs would be carried out by contractors and Construction Supervision Companies appointed by each province. Compliance control and ambient monitoring would be carried out by the concerned Environmental Protection Bureau laboratories. All parts would rely on qualified staff with monitoring equipment and technical capacity for monitoring of water, air, noise, and soil, with qualified laboratory facilities assuring the accuracy of the analytical results and their legal standing. When complaints are received from the public, environmental monitoring staff would immediately take additional measures to identify the reasons of non-conformity. Results from environmental monitoring activities would be timely submitted by project owners and implementation agencies to Provincial PMO on a quarterly basis. Provincial PMO would report to the World Bank on a bi-annual basis. If non-compliance happens, the local Environmental Protection Bureau should be timely informed of and if necessary, higher level Environmental Protection Bureaus reported. In the Consolidated EMP report, every provincial-component had prepared its individual Environmental Monitoring Plan and EMP Summary Table. For more detailed information, please check Consolidated EMP report.

7.4 Capacity Building

Environmental capacity building is mainly aimed at environment managers and environmental supervisors, whose training is a part of technical support of the project. The training course is also oriented to constructors and workers during the implementation of the project. Before project construction starts, all construction units, operation units and construction supervisors need to join the compulsory training on environment, health and safety. The training is targeted at all staff in the environmental management offices, staff involved in environmental supervision, representatives of environmental monitoring agencies, representatives of PMOs and representatives of key contractors. Contents of the training include: (1) Mastering and application of environmental policies of the World Bank, laws and regulations of environmental protection and environmental standards of China; (2) Environmental management modalities of World Bank-financed projects and environmental clauses in the loan agreement; (3) Environmental impact assessment and EMP of this project; (4) Environmental management provisions of this project (with focus on environmental management provisions during construction); (5) Responsibilities and mutual relationships of environmental management personnel, environmental supervision personnel, environmental monitoring personnel and contractor; (6) Preparation of work reports for environmental management and environmental supervision, environmental monitoring report and monthly report of contractor.

46 7.5 Environmental Protection Investment

The environmental protection investment is estimated in light of the Standards fort Estimating and Calculating Costs for the Design of Hydraulic and Hydroelectric Projects and Measures for the Management of Fee Collection for Professional Hydrological Services (Shui Cai [1994] No. 292) and relative provisions on environmental monitoring and methods for consulting service charge-collection management issued by each provincial price bureau, department of finance and environmental protection bureau as well as current engineering personnel costs and market prices of materials, it is estimated that environmental protection investment of this project is 18,43 million Yuan, accounting for about 0.44% of total project investment.

7.6 EMP Summary

The environmental protection measures during construction and operating phase is summarized below.

7.6.1Environmental Impacts Mitigation Measures during construction phase

Generic construction related mitigation measures are given as Table 7-2. Project specific mitigation measures are given as Table 7-3.The two tables generalize environmental impacts, mitigation measures, implementation plan including implementation institutions, EMP budget, and environmental monitoring plan. The more detailed mitigation measures are given in consolidated EMP report.

7.6.2 Environmental Protection Measures in operating period

The project is an engineering of disaster control and reduction. The adverse impacts mainly occur during construction stage and they will disappear along with completion of construction activities. Project constructing would improve the regional flood drainage capacity. The project has positive impacts on environment during operation period. Environmental protection at operation stage mainly includes the following aspects: （1）For larger-scale culvert gates, normative operating management and operation responsibility system shall be established and equipment maintenance shall be kept well. The unit system of the culvert gates union dispatch operation will be established .Ensure good water quality by reasonably controlling the outflow of gates. （2）When pump house of lift drainage station works, doors and windows should be closed. Select species with high noise absorption ratio during the implementation of water and soil conservation measures for lift drainage stations. Setup sign named sailing in slow speed in Shipping River in order to reduce watercraft noise influence （3）The shipping sailing in the watercourse should install container collecting waste oil which will be recycled and reused. Popularize new types of boats and install oil water separator. （4）Strengthen watercourse environment protective works. Intensify shipping supervision and management Establish strict rules and systems. Strictly prohibit wastewater directly draining into river. The violators will be educated and amerced

47 Table 7-2 Generic Construction Related Mitigation Measures EMP Responsibility Responsibility Potential budget in Monitoring Mitigation Measures for for Monitoring frequency Impacts RMB indicators implementation supervision 4 (10 Yuan) ·Each construction unit must implement all treatment measures on construction production wastewater so as to guarantee reaching the standard of wastewater discharge. ·Construction personnel’ living campsites mainly make use of existing living facilities of ① Surface water surrounding villages. The temporary living area that does not make use of existing living environment facilities shall build simple toilets, and excrements should be periodically cleaned and utilized as ① （2times/year， agricultural fertilizer.Set treatment equipment in construction personnel’s living Surface water 3days/time，1 time/day） campsites.Strictly forbid wastewater directly draining into water body. environment ·Adopt efficacious measures to protect surface water environment, including considering （pH、DO、SS、 But Taidong River pollution bearing capacity of watercourse, reasonably instituting diversion plan.；Oily COD、NH3-N） project 3times/year wastewater of machinery and vehicle can be gathered by containers；Strictly forbid ②Production sewage run, emit, drip and leak of oily wastewater;Do a good job of drainage system and water & （2times/year，1 soil conservation measures in spoil disposal areas, and prevent water environment from being All levels ②Production Surface polluted by dredged material piling and soil erosion. Economize and reuse construction water Environmental sewage（pH、SS、 day/time，1 time/day） Contractors 402.5 utilization as much as possible and so on. But Taidong River Water Management COD、NH3-N、 ·Jiangyan Aquatic Fine Variety Breeding Farm is located on bank of Taidong Office oil） project 3times/year River.Considering its water quality requirements, reasonably optimize construction layout and

avoid influence on the company during the construction. In order to reduce the concentration of SS and the influence of the disturbed bed mud incurred ③Domestic ③Domestic sewage by watercourse dredging, cutter-suction dredger with lower power will be used in the key sector sewage（pH、SS、 （2times/year，1 of Taidong River project(for example the water intake of Qintong Town Waterworks, drinking COD、BOD、 day/time，once/day） water source protection area of Dongtai Town , Jiangyan Aquatic Fine Variety Breeding ） But Taidong River Farm).The factor of SS should be simultaneously monitored. NH3-N ·Domestic sewage from the base of Huaihe River flood control and waterlogged control disaster project 3times/year physical model should be treated with integrated wastewater treatment facility and wetland treatment system, and then used for vegetation.The treated wastewater shall not be discharged outward ·Construction raw material shall be piled up. The material that easily produce dust shall be properly humidified or covered with tarpaulin. Splash baffle and tarpaulin shall be used for blockage during the transportation of earthwork and cement. The vehicles shall not be overloaded All levels Ambient ·Dust proof and removal equipment shall be installed in concrete mixing system to Environmental 2times/ year， Contractors 33.5 TSP air meet the corresponding environmental protection requirements. Management 2days/time ·Sprinklers shall be equipped in each construction area and control dust by Office sprinkling·periodically ·Strengthen the management of machines and transportation vehicles to ensure them work under normal operation condition.

48 EMP Responsibility Responsibility Potential budget in Monitoring Mitigation Measures for for Monitoring frequency Impacts RMB indicators implementation supervision 4 (10 Yuan) ··Reasonably arrange construction period. ·In construction area near villages and towns along the project, stop working activities with high noise source between 22:00～6:00 ·Select low-noise equipments as much as possible during construction stage, keep good operating condition and lower operating noise of equipments All levels · 2times/year，1day/time， Lower noise of concrete vibrator, replace high frequency vibrator with low Environmental frequency vibrator to reduce construction noise Contractors 124.9 Leq dB(A) Noise Management each one time in day and ·On-site operators of high noise machines such as concrete mixer shall be provided with night necessary noise protective articles. Office ·Reasonably arrange transport time to avoid vehicle noise affecting residents’ rest as much as possible ·Temporary noise-proof wall shall be adopted when construction is carried out near villages within 50m along the project. ·Waste materials such as waste iron and steel shall be recovered for utilization;Recovery and utilization of solid waste shall be put in the charge of persons specially appointed.Building rubbish shall be classified to All levels pile up and shall be recycled as much as possible. Environmental Solid Waste · Set up dustbins in construction areas and campsites.Garbage shall be removed Contractors 67.94 / / and disposed of periodically by entrusted local environmental sanitation Management department. Office ·After the project is completed, remove building rubbish and various sundries in time, do well recovery work of construction sites ·Take treatment measures for construction production wastewater and domestic Provincial Aquatic sewage to reduce their influence on the water quality in rivers and aquatic life Environmental ·After completing embankment consolidation, watercourse dredging and other Contractors / / / Ecology construction activities, the damaged vegetation around riverbanks shall be rehabilitated Management in time. Office ·Rationally optimize construction plan, reduce land occupation and construction Provincial Terrestrial Environmental activities scope / / / ·After the project completed, construction sites shall be cleared up in time and Contractors Ecology Management greened Office ·After the project completed, local species shall be selected when ecological restoration works are undertaken in construction areas and spoil disposal areas to avoid Provincial Biology Environmental introduction of alien species / / / ·The rhizome of Eichhornia crassipes and Alternanthera philoxeroides gotten out of Contractors Invasion Management water in the watercourse dredging project shall be properly disposed to prevent the Office dissemination and spreading of existed species （1）Before starting the project, clear and disinfect the construction areas when Provincialall ①medical ①medical examination Public they are leveled. levels examination for all cooks in （2）Properly dispose each kind of sewage and domestic garbage, carry out sites Contractors 163.5 Health disinfection regularly. Environmental for all cooks construction camp （3）Stipulate corresponding rules and do well health and anti-epidemic work of Management in construction （1time/person·year）

49 EMP Responsibility Responsibility Potential budget in Monitoring Mitigation Measures for for Monitoring frequency Impacts RMB indicators implementation supervision 4 (10 Yuan) camping place including monitoring drinking water; Carry out regular physical Office camp examination for the construction cooks, physical examination should include Local hygiene ②Drinking water（Monitor examination of infectious diseases such as hepatitis; Get done with preventing, and disease propagating and curing sexually transmitted diseases ②Drinking once before construction （4）·Strengthen health management of the migrants’ resettlement areas, take control water period） disease preventive measures such as disinfection and mousing, etc. organization Provincial ·Strengthen propaganda before and in the course of construction, improve the Environmental consciousness of cultural relic protection of construction personnel. Management Cultural ·If discovering cultural relics and ancient tombs and other cultural heritage in / / / Relics construction period, the on-site construction shall be stopped transiently, and notice Contractors Office concerning cultural relics department to send professional personnel to do on-site Local cultural investigation, save or excavation work relics department

50 Table 7-3 Project Specific Mitigation Measures Responsibility Responsibilit Potential EMP budget in RMB Monitoring Monitoring Mitigation Measures for y for 4 Impacts (10 Yuan) indicators frequency implementation supervision （1）Jiaogang Lake wetland 2 times /year Surface water Environmental impacts: Main function is aquaculture. The wetland is the aquatic product breed base in in Fengtai County. environment （pH、DO、SS、construction The project of dikes around lakes may have impacts on the fishery cultivation of some areas around the All budget of period,3days/ lake and the water bird habitat, but has no impact on other ecological indicators. interrelated measure NH3-N、 · ： time,1time/d Mitigation measures Reasonably optimize layout of temporary spoil areas during construction period Provincial bring into project CODMn and the permanent spoil disposal areas after completion of the project. Waste soil and slag shall be ay Environmental budgetary estimate disposed by water and soil conservation measures; Oily wastewater of machinery and vehicle can be Contractors Management And the measure gathered by containers；Strictly forbid run, emit, drip and leak of oily wastewater; Construction Monitor once Office should be listed in Acoustic personnel’ living campsites mainly make use of existing living facilities of surrounding villages and will in public bidding and environment not be set around Jiaogang Lake；Strengthen ecological management and enhance environmental construction protection consciousness of the construction personnel. Select low-noise equipments in construction as much contracts （Leq） as possible , keep good operating condition, lower operating noise of equipments.The night construction shall be period,2days/ forbidden；Take each ecological protection measure. Forbid construction personnel to hunt and to catch time birds in the wetland. (2)Gaotang Lake wetland Environmental impacts: Main function of Gaotang Lake wetland is irrigation, cultivation, and flood 2 times /year Surface water storage and regulation. The project nearby the lake may have impacts on the water birds habitat and on in fishery development in some areas around the lake, but has no impact on other ecological indicators. All budget of environment （pH、DO、SS、construction Natural ·Mitigation measures：Reasonably optimize layout of temporary spoil areas during construction period interrelated measure period,3days/ NH -N、 and the permanent spoil disposal areas after completion of the project. Waste soil and slag shall be Provincial bring into project 3 time,1time/d Habitat disposed by water and soil conservation measures; Oily wastewater of machinery and vehicle can be Environmental budgetary estimate CODMn Contractors ay gathered by containers.Strictly forbid run, emit, drip and leak of oily wastewater; Construction Management And the measure personnel’ living campsites mainly make use of existing living facilities of surrounding villages and will Office should be listed in Monitor once not be set around Gaotang Lake.Strengthen ecological management and enhance environmental public bidding and Acoustic in protection consciousness of the construction personnel.Select low-noise equipment as much as possible contracts environment during construction period, keep good operating condition , lower operating noise of equipments。The night （Leq） construction construction shall be forbidden；Take each ecological protection measure. Forbid construction personnel period,2days/ to hunt and to catch birds in the wetland. time （3）Huaibin Huainan Wetland Nature Reserves ·Environmental impacts：The scale of drainage stations is small. There is no any project in the scope All budget of of the Huaibin Huainan Wetland Nature Reserve. The scope of the area affected by the project is small. There may be temporary impacts on habitats of animals and the water birds because of constructions of interrelated measure the the project, but the impacts are temporary, slightly, which will disappear along with the completion of Provincial bring into project observation Monitor once the project. Environmental budgetary estimate record about in Contractors ·Mitigation measures： In the course of 11 pumping and drainage stations construction, such as Zhangwan Management And the measure the birds in construction Station, forbid the night construction ,construction vehicles shall be forbidden to whistle. Select low-noise Office should be listed in the nature period equipments as much as possible during construction period , and adopt temporary noise-proof wall to reduce the impacts from the noise source and construction personnel’ activities on animals and birds. Strengthen public bidding and reserve ecological management and enhance environmental protection consciousness of the construction contracts personnel. Forbid construction personnel to hunt and to catch birds in the wetland.

51 Responsibility Responsibilit Potential EMP budget in RMB Monitoring Monitoring Mitigation Measures for y for 4 Impacts (10 Yuan) indicators frequency implementation supervision （4）Nansi Lake Nature Reserve ·Environmental impacts：The watercourse project would have minor impacts on water quantity and ①Acoustic water quality of Nansi Lake ,but have no impacts on rare endangered species and the habitat of environment waterfowl .There is no any project in the scope of the Nansi Lake Nature Reserve.At the site of （Leq） ②Surface Longgong River flowing into Nansi Lake, noise from dredging activities, mechanical disturbance and Provincial All budget of water construction personnel’s activities would have temporary impacts on the habitation environment of Environmental interrelated measure birds and animals. environment Management bring into project （pH、DO、SS、Monitor once ·Mitigation measures：Implement each ecological protection measure. Forbid construction personnel to Office and budgetary estimate in Contractors NH -N、 Management And the measure 3 construction hunt and to catch birds in the wetland. COD ） station of the should be listed in Mn period In the project at Longgong River watercourse of Nansi Lake entrance, reasonably optimize layout of ③the nature public bidding and spoil areas. Waste soil and slag shall be collected for batch treatment by water and soil conservation observation reserve contracts measures. Oily wastewater of machinery and vehicle can be gathered by containers. Strictly forbid run, record about emit, drip and leak of oily wastewater. Construction personnel’ living campsites mainly make use of the birds in existing living facilities of surrounding villages and will not be set here. Strengthen environmental the nature protection education for construction personnel. The construction phase shall avoid spawning season of reserve sedentary fish (from April to June) and forbid the night construction. （5）Bali Lake Nature Reserve Provincial Environmental impacts: Dredging projects of the anabranch of Bali River, relevant construction of Environmental Surface water 2 times /year pumping stations and bridge projects are all out of the scope of the Bali Lake Nature Reserve. The Management environment in project is15km upstream of Nature reserve of Bali River. Project construction will bring minimal Office and （pH、DO、SS、construction Contractors / influence to water quantity and water quality of Bali River nature reserve. It has no impact on the Management NH3-N、 period,3days/ habitation environment of water bird, rare and endangered species. station of the CODMn） time,1time/d Mitigation measures: Strengthen ecological management and propaganda. Forbid construction nature ay personnel to hunt and to catch birds. reserve （6）Tuohu Lake Nature Reserve、 Provincial Environmental Environmental impacts: The project including dredging and 3 culvert gates is out of the scope of Tuohu Surface water Management Monitor once Lake Nature Reserve. The project is 12km upstream of Nature reserve of Tuohu Lake. Project environment Office and in construction will bring minimal influence to water quantity and water quality of Tuohe Lake nature Contractors / （pH、DO、SS、 Management construction NH -N、 reserve. It has no impact on rare endangered species and the habitat of waterfowl. station of the 3 period COD ） Mitigation measures: Strengthen ecological management and propaganda. Forbid construction nature Mn personnel to hunt and to catch birds. reserve （7）Gaoyou Lake wetland：The project is 30km upstream of Gaoyou Lake Wetland. Project / / / / / construction will have no impact on the wetland.

52 Anhui Province (1)For excavation of lower reaches of Sugou Ditch of Xifei River, Jihe River, adopt section construction of building water-retaining cofferdam. Use excavator to excavate. Dredged material is transported by bulldozer and piled up along the line behind bank or a low bank of earth. Meanwhile, take relevant soil and water conservation measures to prevent. (2)For watercourse of upper reaches of Qinggou Ditch of Xiehe River, Haocheng Gate of Tuohe River, arrange ground mechanical construction in dry season. After withholding enough width of bottomland, the material is piled up along bank line designed in both sides of watercourse. Meanwhile, take relevant soil and water conservation measures to prevent. ·The secondary tillage of (3) For watercourse of lower reaches of Qinggou Ditch of Xiehe River, Haocheng Gate of Tuohe River, dumping space is part of the construction cost also excavate by dredger under water. Soil is discharged into the filling area arranged in a relatively Provincial ·The cost of bed mud Cu、Pb、Cr、Monitor once in staggered way on both banks; total 13 filling areas are arranged in lower reaches of Qinggou Ditch of Environmental Contractors treatment bring into project Cd、As、Hg、pre-constructio Xiehe River; total 30 filling areas are arranged in lower reaches of Haocheng Gate of Tuohe River. For Management Office budgetary estimate Ni、Zn n period spoil disposal areas, meanwhile take relevant soil and water conservation measures, including carrying And the measure should out covering soil, leveling the surface soil, and supporting with the relevant reclamation measures of be listed in public bidding drainage and irrigating facilities in spoil disposal areas. and contracts (4) Bed mud monitoring result indicates that factor of Cu and Cd at the monitoring point of Shuihu Lake flood drainage ditch in Gaotang Lake depression exceed the standard. The toxicity leaching test of bed mud at this monitoring point indicates that the bed mud doesn’t belong to hazardous solid waste, but Dredged is generic solid waste. For the spoil areas of Shuihu Lake flood drainage ditch in Gaotang Lake sediments depression rail bridge section-lake inlet (5+800~11+420) with bed mud exceeding the standard, should lay and compact 40 cm clay, cover 50cm surface soil after completion of dredging bed mud piled up. Then the areas can be used for woodland and green space but cannot be used for cultivation land of crops as vegetable and grain. Henan Province (1)For watercourse dredging of Jialu River, lower reaches of Yinghe River depression and Xiaohong River depression, adopt mechanical construction. The project is carried out section construction. The dredged bed mud is transported behind the bank and piled up along line. Take relevant soil and water conservation measures to prevent. (2)The dried dredged bed mud from the rivers along lower reaches of Xiaohong River, such as Yanggang River, Nanmachang River, Jinghe River, Maohe River, Xiaoqing River, Qiqiaogang River, Dinggang Provincial The secondary tillage of Cu、Pb、Cr、Monitor once in River, Liutiaogang River is used to build embankment after drying. The superfluous bed mud is used to Environmental Contractors dumping space is part of Cd、As、Hg、pre-constructio level depressions behind embankment. Then take secondary tillage measure. Management the construction cost Ni、Zn n period (3) The dredged bed mud from the rivers along the lower reach depression of Jialu River, Yinghe River, Office such as Fengshou River, Luyi Ditch, Chongjian Ditch, Shuanglang Ditch, and the lower reach depression of Xiaohong River, such as Duyi Ditch, Longkouda River is placed and leveled up in empty depression of both sides of watercourse. Then take secondary tillage measure. (4) Bed mud monitoring result indicates that all factors at monitoring points meet Environmental Quality Standard for Soils（GB15618-1995）category II. The dredged bed mud can be used for safe secondary tillage

53

Jiangsu Province (1) Dredged bed mud shall be dumped in planned spoil areas. Pay attention to control dumping height during the dumping process, and blocking measures should be taken to prevent it from washing out and loss. (2) Xuzhou abandoned Yellow River Depression Treatment Project adopts mechanical construction, making use of excavator to excavate. The spoil shall be bulldozed by bulldozer or delivered by scraper to pile up nearby, meanwhile take relative soil and water conservation measures to prevent. (3) Taidong River Project and Lixia River depression Treatment Project adopts dredger underwater dredging and mud pump sucking and excavator to excavate respectively. Earth excavated shall be ·The secondary tillage of drained to discharging areas distributed crossly on both banks to pile up. Taidong River Project dumping space is part of distributes totally 19 mud fields on lowlands (ponds) and bottomlands selected on both banks. Spoil the construction cost areas of Taizhou Lixia River Depression Treatment Project are mainly distributed on lowlands (ponds) Monitor once Provincial ·The cost of bed mud Cu、Pb、Cr、 near repaired river-way, banks of river-way and bottomlands, so to prevent from occupying farmland; Environmental in Contractors treatment bring into project Cd、As、Hg、 meanwhile spoil area should take relative soil and water conservation measures, including carrying out Management pre-construct budgetary estimate Ni、Zn spoil area secondary ploughing measures such as covering earth on surface, leveling up surface, and Office ion period And the measure should matching corresponding drainage and irrigation facilities. be listed in public bidding (4) Bed mud monitoring result indicates that, factor Cd in Gonghan River (the location of Taizhou and contracts Polytechnical Institute) of depression of Taizhou Lixia River and Red River exceeds standards; factor Cd in abandoned Yellow River Iron Bridge area, Xiaolizhuang and Fanhuzhuang of Xuzhou Abandoned Dredged Yellow River Project exceeds standards; factor Cd in reading site bridge of Taidong River Project sediments exceeds standards. Toxicity extraction experiments of bed mud exceeding standards show that, bed mud of these 6 places do not belong to dangerous solid waste, they are generic solid waste; therefore, as to bed mud spoil area exceeding standards, should use clay with the thickness of 40 cm to level up and tamp solid. After filing up bed mud to be dredged, cover surface earth with the thickness of 50 cm above the bed mud, then the spoil area can be used as woodland or cultivating land for garden seedling tree, but not as nursing land for vegetable or grain etc. crops.. Shandong Province (1) Dredged bed mud shall be dumped in planned spoil areas. Pay attention to control dumping height during the dumping process, and blocking measures should be taken to prevent it from washing out and loss. ⑵ 3 depressions relate to dredging of the river-way. They adopt mechanical construction, excavate section by section along the river-way. Earth excavated during the dredging process is mainly used for building banks, the exceeding amount will be piled up in spoil area behind banks near both banks of Provincial The secondary tillage Cu、Pb、Cr、Monitor once river-way, meanwhile adopt relative soil and water conservation measures to prevent. Environmental of dumping space is in Contractors Cd、As、Hg、 ⑶ A small amount of river-way dredging spoil in Hubin Depression and Tancang Depression are used for building Management part of the construction pre-construct Ni、Zn banks, the exceeding amount will be piled up in spoil area behind banks near both banks of river-way, meanwhile Office cost ion period adopt relative soil and water conservation measures to prevent. ⑷ Dredged bed mud of Yanyun Depression is mainly used for building banks, a small amount of spoil will be dumped behind the banks, then take secondary ploughing measure. ⑸ Bed mud monitoring result show that, all factors at monitoring points meet Environmental quality standard for soils （GB 15618－1995）category II, dredged bed mud can be secondarily ploughed safely.

54 (1) Standardize the project construction. Strengthen the supervision and management of the soil & water conservation. (2) Construction area of main part of project: strictly carry out soil and water conservation measures put forward by the plan when constructing. ①Watercourse project area: besides the existing project measures of soil & water conservation in main project, it’s also necessary to adopt protection measures for embankment and bankside without the design of grass protection in the main part of project. General bank slope (above the designed water level) has adopted grass protection. ②Embankment project area: besides keeping adopting existing grass slope protection of embankment riverside slope and landside slope of main part of project, pitched slope protection of part embankment section, plant protection measures are mainly adopted for retaining dam and levee crown within the scope of project management in the measures of soil & water conservation. ③Pumping station project area: Plant protection measures are mainly adopted, which combine prevention measures and construction of pumping station with environment beautification. ④Culvert gate project area: Plant protection measures are mainly adopted, which combine prevention (1)The investment has measures and construction of culvert gates area with environment beautification. been included in the ⑤Project management area: it’s necessary to newly add virescence and beautifying measures in open plan, excluding special space around the management area. environmental (3)Borrow area: protection investment In the main parts of projects, the projects needed borrow are to reinforce embankment, newly build (2)All of 4 provinces are embankment and construct cofferdam. In constructional organization of main part of project, measures Provincial 4 28764(10 Yuan),Hena have been taken in borrow area to regulate earth work reasonably, scientifically arrange construction Environmental Soil Erosion Contractors n / / order, and after borrow, adopt second ploughing measures for borrow area with second ploughing Management 147.3(104Yuan),Anhu condition. For large deepening area having no condition to refill, it has been considered to be fish pond. Office i Newly added measures of soil and water conservation needed in borrow area are mainly blocking 5503.35(104Yuan),Ji temporary mound field during construction period and monitoring and management on constructional angsu order of main part of project. 21165.08(104Yuan),S (4)Spoil and excavation waste dump field handong Measures of soil & water conservation in waste and excavation waste dump field include four parts: 648.46(104Yuan) engineering measure, plant measure, land rectification measure and temporary measure. Drainage ditch has been set on the top, dome and basal slope of spoil and excavation waste dump field with the requirement of water discharge and roll and grind land reclamation on waste slag compact in layers and lay muck for the growth of crop. Temporary protection and water drainage measures should be taken in temporary spoil areas set in construction process. (5) Temporarily occupied land: strictly carry out soil & water conservation measures put forward by the plan when constructing ①Constructional road area: for newly built or rebuilt temporary roads, roadbed excavation should be paid attention; and construct side slope, as per design requirements during construction. Temporary water drainage facility should be adopted in time to protect and second plow or protect it combined with main part of project when finishing construction. If construction road is temporary and permanent combination, virescence measures also should be increased on two sides of road to play the role of protecting against the wind and dune fixing. ②Constructional production and living area: after the use of production and living area, clean the remains of construction in time according to requirements and resume original land function or level off

55 covering soil to make it as farmland. (1)Carry out resettlement plan to ensure life quality of migrants not lower than that before resettlement. ①The temporarily occupied land is compensated during occupation. After the end of occupation, second ploughing shall be taken and be returned to migrants. ②The permanently expropriated land is reasonably compensated. The land shall be adjusted according to the immigration resettlement plan. ③Compensation for domestic building relocation and other affected property is resetting cost; ④Enterprises and institutions affected by the project will obtain moving compensation and project will compensate the loss of production stop and business close. ⑤Affected Infrastructures and other special facilities will obtain reasonable compensation to relocation and function recovery of affected infrastructures. ⑥The project will offer reasonable attendance to weak group and help them choose and reset houses and (1)The investment has assists them with moving. been included in the ⑦Attach importance to complaints of affected people. Immediately and reasonably help them to solve plan, excluding special environmental the difficulties and discommodity met in levying and relocation. protection investment ⑧Carry out internal monitoring of resettlement implementation by the owner and employ independent (2) All of 4 provinces monitoring unit to carry out external monitoring; submit monitoring report to the World Bank at regular are Local Provincial 4 118499(10 Yuan),Hen interval; carry out migrants resettlement work assessment after all activities are completed. government Administrationl Resettlement an / / (2)Protective measures of resettlement environment for rural migrants. Management 4699.9(104Yuan),Anh Contractors Officel ①Developing wasteland shall accord with relevant policies to avoid soil erosion. ui 4 ②Restructure land to promote applying organic fertilizer and farmyard manure, strictly control the 40113.2(10 Yuan),Ji angsu application of chemical fertilizer and organic phosphorus pesticide. 67409.6(104Yuan),Sh ③Strengthen drinking water management in resettlement area. Assign special person to monitor quality andong 4 of drinking water for migrants and disinfect at regular interval. 6127.2(10 Yuan)

④Residence place and surrounding environment must be cleaned when migrants settle in new residence. Eliminate fly, mosquito and mouse. ⑤In the process of removal and resettlement of migrants, strengthen prevention and quarantine of public infectious diseases. (3)Protective measures of resettlement environment for urban migrants Strengthen removal construction environmental management in urban houses removal to reduce adverse effects on urban residents and environment of removal construction activities. (4)Environmental protective measures of enterprises and institutions’ relocation and special facilities’ reconstruction Strengthen removal construction environmental management in the process of enterprises and institutions’ relocation and special facilities’ reconstruction to reduce adverse effects on environment.

56 (1)Reasonably optimize construction layout, strictly define construction area and reduce occupied land as much as possible. (2)Strictly manage and control the mode and scope of borrowing soil in the process of borrowing soil. Strictly control borrow depth and prohibit excavating deeply. (3)Ensure implementation of secondary ploughing measure of temporarily occupied land in the design of the project: ①Secondary ploughing measure of temporarily occupied land in borrow area: before borrowing, firstly clean off surface soil and pile up nearby; after borrowing is finished, it shall be backfilled with dredged material or soil from outer overflow land, and covered the surface with the original surface soil, and then Provincial Land leveled and made scarification; resume field irrigation and drainage ditch , canal and cultivation road Environmental Part of the construction Contractors / / Management Resources according to present situation of ditch and canal road around borrowing area, meanwhile, resume the cost Office connection of external irrigation and drainage ditch and canal in borrow area of temporarily occupied land to ensure the borrow area meet the basic requirements of cultivated land irrigation and drainage after secondary ploughing and guarantee the implementation of secondary ploughing measure. ②Secondary ploughing measure of temporarily occupied land in spoil disposal areas: cover the surface with soil and level the surface, equip corresponding drainage and irrigation facilities. ③Secondary ploughing measure of occupied land of construction layout: a. clear off left construction sundries not in favor of growth of crops; b. add an appropriate amount of crop stalk or farmyard manure in the process of land leveling to increase the content of soil organic matter; c. surface soil scarification and supports recovery of field irrigation and drainage ditch and canal.

57 8. PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE

8.1 Public Consultation

Two rounds of public consultation were conducted during the course of environmental impact assessment. The first round was carried out after finishing the TORs of different EA reports and the second round after the draft EA report. The primary objective of the first round was to gather information on public concerns about the Project, while that for the second round was to communicate the EIA findings and proposed mitigation measures and confirm public acceptance and satisfaction. Both rounds of public consultation focused on the project-affected people and beneficiaries of different age groups, genders, educational backgrounds and occupations as well as other stakeholders. For each round of public consultation of HFMDIP, two levels are involved: first level is for the Consolidated EA report, which was held by CPMO and Yellow River Water Resources Protection Institute (YRWRPI); the second level is for sub-projects, which was held by Provincial PMOs and environment impact assessment agencies of four provinces. In addition, there have been many rounds of consultation with government agencies, local governments, non-government organizations and other stakeholders of the project to discuss project location, scope, environmental and socio-economic concerns and environmental management and mitigation plans. The approach and method adopted for the two rounds of public consultation mainly include expert consulting, questionnaire, random visit and workshops.

8.2 Information Disclosure

Information about the Project, including the location and timing of public meetings, was disclosed through major local newspapers and bulletins, for the public to access relevant documents and for the callers to offer comments. The table below summarizes disclosure activities that have been carried out in each project location.

58 Table 8-1 Disclosure of Environmental Safeguards Documents Content of Chinese/ Date of Number Name of Project Location of Disclosure disclosure English Disclosure C 2007.10 CEA E 2007.10 C/ Worldbank Infoshop, PMO, C 2007.10 0 Overall Project EMP HRWRPI, YRWRPI E 2007.10 E/ Worldbank Infoshop EA C 2007.10 Summary E 2007.10 Lizhuang Village and Hudangcheng Village of Zhoukou City, Xihua County, Liying Information C 2006.5 Village of Huaibin County, of EA 1 Henan Subproject Zhaoqiao Village and Housi Village of Pingyu County in Henan Province EA Report C 2007.10 PMO, HRWRPI, YRWRPI EMP Report Huainan Daily, Chuzhou Daily, Yingzhou Daily, Websites of Water Resource Department of C 2006.5 Anhui Province, Websites of Yellow River Water Resources Protection Institute Information (http://www.yrwrpi.com) of EA Dingyuan County, Fengtai County, Guzhen County, 2 Anhui Subproject Yingshang County, Shou County, C 2006.5. Tianchang County, Huaishang Distrct, Maoji District, Yongqiao District in Anhui Procince Information Bengbu City TV Station, of C 2006.5 Yingshang County TV Station Symposium EA Report C 2007.10 PMO, HRWRPI, YRWRPI EMP Report (http://www.jsslgc.gov.cn)Websit Information e of Jiangsu Province Water C 2006.5 of EA Conservancy Project Construction 3 Jiangsu Subproject Bureau(http://www.jsslgc.gov.cn) EA Report C 2007.10 PMO, HRWRPI, YRWRPI EMP Report Website of Huai River Water Conservancy Committee and Information C 2006.5 Ecological and Environmental of EA 4 Shandong Subproject Center of Chinese Academy of Science (http://www.hrc.gov.cn) EA Report C 2007.10 PMO, HRWRPI, YRWRPI EMP Report

8.3 Results and Conclusions

Through public consultation and information disclosure, the majority of the public

59 supported the project and believed the project as very necessary. They also showed their understanding on land occupation and resettlement due to the project and environmental impacts during construction. Public consultations indicate that the public were mostly concerned about compensation for the land occupation and house demolition and how to mitigate various environmental impacts during project implementation. For comments and recommendations from the EA team for regarding environmental aspects, they have been incorporated in relevant reports. For comments and recommendations by other specialists other than the EA team, they have been passed on through the project owner to and addressed by the other relevant agencies. The following table summarizes the results from the two rounds of public consultation, including concerns of and feedback from the public. Meanwhile, corresponding mitigation measures have been taken. Table 8-2 Results of Two Rounds of Public Consultation Concerned Issues in the First Public Feedback from the Second Public Consultation Consultation ·During the planning and designing stage, the ·In the project areas, floods frequently occur, there project should be rationally planed and designed to is basically no harvest in the disaster year, and the reduce land occupation as much as possible. ·Special Resettlement and Land occupation fertilizer and pesticide use increases. This project Management Office should be set up to be in can resolve the problem of flood disaster and charge of resettlement and land occupation increase farmer’s income, so they hope the project compensation. Various compensation fees should can start as soon as possible and the public can be adequately delivered to the general public to benefit earlier. ensure that the living standards of local residents ·Arrange the construction time properly and try are not lowered after resettlement. best not to affect the local agricultural production. ·The principle of “Three Simultaneousness” should ·During the implementation of the project, forest be strictly implemented. In the light of national and land and cultivated land occupation should be local laws and regulations, environmental reduced as much as possible, and give attention to protection measures should be well carried out. the construction of associated facilities along the ·The project should be scientifically and strictly implemented. Meanwhile, the Supervision Unit river. should strengthen supervision, try its best to avoid ·Construct according to design, standardize the occurrence of similar accidents and ensure the operation, strictly enforce relevant rules and quality of the project. regulations on environmental protection and ·Around the construction site, communication minimize adverse impacts of construction on the bulletins should be set up, publicly disclosing environment. problems that most local residents care about and ·Villagers whose land were occupied and who are corresponding solutions. Meanwhile, opinions and to be resettled hope that the government can fully suggestions of local residents should be collected implement compensation policy and not to in time to communicate with the general public in withhold or default the compensation on standing time. ·After completion of the project, the management crops, pay the land-use fees and compensation unit should ensure effective management and directly to the residents affected and increase the examine and maintain the project at regular transparency of compensation policies. intervals. When problems appear, they should be solved in time.

60 9. CONCLUSIONS

Huai River Basin Flood Management and Drainage Improvement Project is not only a disaster prevention and disaster control project but also an environmental project that maintains socioeconomic and environmental functions of the area. Implementation of the project conforms to the requirements of general layout and planning targets as established in the Plan for Accelerating the Implementation of Huai River Basin Management Project (2003-2007) and World Bank Assistance Strategy for China. Implementation of the project can enhance the anti-flood capacity of the project areas, reduce damages resulting from flood disaster and significantly contribute to improving ecological environment and living and production conditions of residents in the improved areas. In general, the positive benefits are remarkable.

The main negative impact of the project are short-term adverse impacts on the environment resulted from cultivated land occupation and excavation, project construction and resettlement. However, these impacts can be mitigated through implementing a serious of compensation and environmental protection measures.

From the environmental perspective, positive benefits of the project are much more significant than its negative benefits and development of the project is feasible.

61 Annex 1 Reference

1 Series of reports on Huai River basin flood management and drainage improvement project 1.1 Report on Flood Control Plan of Huai River, Huai River Basin Commission (HRBC), 2003.10 1.2 Preliminary Design Report on Foreign Investment Project of important waterlogged lowland in Huai River Basin, Attached Figures and Annexes, Zhoukou Survey and Design Institute of Water Conservancy of Henan Province, Survey and Design Institute of Water Conservancy of Anhui Province, Survey and Design Institute of Water Conservancy of Jiangsu Province, Design Institute of Water Conservancy Management Bureau of Huai River Basin of Shandong Province, 2008.9. 1.3 Preliminary Design Report on Foreign Investment Project of important waterlogged lowland of Henan province in Huai River Basin, Attached Figures and Annexes, Zhoukou Survey and Design Institute of Water Conservancy of Henan Province,2006. 1.4 Preliminary Design Report on Foreign Investment Project of important waterlogged lowland of Anhui province in Huai River Basin, Attached Figures and Annexes, Survey and Design Institute of Water Conservancy of Anhui Province,2006.3. 1.5 Preliminary Design Report on Foreign Investment Project of important waterlogged lowland of Jiangsu province in Huai River Basin, Attached Figures and Annexes, Survey and Design Institute of Water Conservancy of Jiangsu Province,2006.3. 1.6 Preliminary Design Report on Foreign Investment Project of important waterlogged lowland of Shandong province in Huai River Basin, Attached Figures and Annexes, Design Institute of Water Conservancy Management Bureau of Huai River Basin of Shandong Province, 2006.3. 1.7 Resettlement Plan Report on Foreign Investment Project of important waterlogged lowland of Henan province in Huai River Basin, Zhoukou Survey and Design Institute of Water Conservancy of Henan Province, 2006. 1.8 Resettlement Plan Report on Foreign Investment Project of important waterlogged lowland of Anhui province in Huai River Basin, Survey and Design Institute of Water Conservancy of Anhui Province, 2006.3. 1.9 Resettlement Plan Report on Foreign Investment Project of important waterlogged lowland of Jiangsu province in Huai River Basin, Survey and Design Institute of Water Conservancy of Jiangsu Province, 2006.3. 1.10 Resettlement Plan Report on Foreign Investment Project of important waterlogged lowland of Shandong province in Huai River Basin, Planning and Design Institute of Water Conservancy Management Bureau of Huai River Basin of Shandong Province 2006.3. 2 Background Datum 2.1 Decision on the Further Improvement of Huai River and Taihu Lake, 2.2 the Requesting on Some Relevant Issues on Strengthening Reconstruction after the Flood Disaster and Fastening Huai River Improvement，Nation Development and Reform Commission (NDRC), Ministry of Water Resources (MWR) and Ministry of Finance (MOF)，2003. 2.3 Plans in the “tenth five years” on Huai River Basin Water Pollution Preventing and

62 Controlling ([2003] No.5， State Council) 2.4 “the Eleventh Five-Year Plan” of Development of Henan Province, Henan Provincial Government 2.5 “the Eleventh Five-Year Plan” of Development of Anhui Province, Anhui Provincial Government 2.6 “the Eleventh Five-Year Plan” of Development of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Provincial Government 2.7 “the Eleventh Five-Year Plan” of Development of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Government 2.8 Water Function Zoning of Huai River Basin, Huai River Basin Commission. 2.9 Water Function Zoning of Anhui Province, Water Resource Department of Anhui Province, 2003.10 2.10 Surface Water environment) Function Zoning of Anhui Province, Environmental Protection Bureau of Jiangsu Province,2003. 2.11 2004 Statistics of Sewage Outlets to the River of Huai River Basin, Huai River Basin Commission.2004. 2.12 Sewage Outlets Location and standardized Regulation and Management Measures of Jiangsu Province Environmental Protection Bureau of Jiangsu Province, 1997. 2.13 Environmental Quality Report of Fuyang City, Environmental Protection Bureau of Fuyang City 2.14Environmental Quality Report of Bengbu City, Environmental Protection Bureau of Bengbu City, 2005. 2.15 Environmental Quality Report of Huainan City, Environmental Protection Bureau of Huainan City, 2004. 2.16 Environmental Quality Report of Suzhou City, Environmental Protection Bureau of Suzhou City, 2003. 2.17 Ambient Air Function Zoning of Jiangsu Province, Water Resource Department of Jiangsu Province ,2003.10 2.18 Ecological Construction and Environmental Protection Planning of “the Tenth Five-Year Plan”of Henan Province, Water Resource Department of Henan Province . 2.19 Proposals on the Environmental Protection Implementation of“the Tenth Five-Year Plan” of Henan Province, Water Resource Department of Henan Province. 2.20 Wildlife and Plants Protection and Overall Planning of Construction Project of Nature Reserve of Anhui Province, 2.21 Study Report on the Ecological Function Zoning of Anhui Province, Forestry Resource Department of Anhui Province ,2003.10. 2.22 Notice on Natural Reserve Development Planning (2001～2010)of Anhui Province Circular on Dam Safety of Foreign Investment Project of HFMDIP Forestry Resource, Department of Anhui Province, 2003.10. 2.23 Circular on Dam Safety of Foreign Investment Project of important waterlogged lowland of Henan province in Huai River Basin Water Resource Department of Henan Province, 2006.3. 2.24 Circular on Dam Safety of Foreign Investment Project of important waterlogged owland of Anhui province in Huai River Basin Water Resource Department of Anhui Province ,2006.3. 2.25 Explanation about the minority situation of Foreign Investment Project of important waterlogged lowland of Henan province in Huai River Basin National Affirs Commission of Henan Province, 2006.2.

63 2.26 Explanation about the minority situation of Foreign Investment Project of important waterlogged lowland of Anhui province in Huai River Basin National Affirs Commission of Anhui Province,2006.2. 2.27 Directory of National Nature Reserves, China Environmental Science Publishing House,2002.7. 2.28 Directory of Important Wetland of China, State Environmental Protection Administration of China. 2.29 Wetland of Anhui Province,Hefei industry university publishing house,2003. 2.30 List of the First Batch Alien Species of China, State Environmental Protection Administration of China.2003.1 2.31 Database of Alien Species of China, State Environmental Protection Administration of China.

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65

66

： Attached Figure 2 Project Distribution in Four Provinces （2） Overall Distribution of Anhui Project

67

Attached Figure 2：Project Distribution in Four Provinces （3） Overall Distribution of Jiangsu Project

68

Attached Figure 2：Project Distribution in Four Provinces （ ） 4 Overall Distribution of Shandong Project

69

Attached Figure 3 Water System of Huaihe River Basin

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Attached Figure 4 Position of Natural Habitats Involved in the Project

Nansi Lake Nature Reserve

Tuohu Lake Nature Reserve

Gaoyouhu Wetland

Henan Huaibin-Huainan Gaotanghu Wetland Wetland Nature Reserve

Jiaoganghu Wetland Bali River nature reserve

71