Sons of Liberty, 1765
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Unit 2 Guide
AP US History Unit 2 Study Guide “Salutary Neglect” Enlightenment terms to remember Balance of trade Philosophes Mercantilism John Locke Tariffs Tabula rasa Navigation Acts Social Contract Natural Rights Montesquieu Benjamin Franklin French and Indian War Ft. Duquesne Relative advantages (Brit./France) Gov. Dinwiddie The Great Expulsion (1755-63) George Washington William Pitt, Sr. The Brave Old Hendrick Battle of the Plains of Abraham Albany Plan for Union Treaty of Paris, 1763 Pontiac´s Rebellion Discontent Proclamation Line of 1763 John Dickinson Letters from a Pennsylvania Farmer East Florida, West Florida, Quebec Boston Massacre Sugar Act (1764) Samuel Adams Admiralty courts John Adams Virtual representation Gaspee incident (1772) Stamp Act (1765) Committees of Correspondence Stamp Act Congress Tea Act of 1773 Patrick Henry British East India Co. "Sons of Liberty" Boston Tea Party Quartering Act Quebec Act, 1774 Declaratory Act Coercive (Intolerable) Acts Townshend Duties (1767) First Continental Congress Massachusetts General Court’s Circular Letter (1768) War of Independence Lexington and Concord Battle of Saratoga Second Continental Congress Alliance of 1778 General Washington Netherlands and Spain Olive Branch Petition Valley Forge Battle of Bunker Hill Privateers and the “Law of the Sea” Three-phases of the war League of Armed Neutrality, 1780 Thomas Paine’s Common Sense John Paul Jones Declaration of Independence Yorktown Thomas Jefferson Newburgh Conspiracy Loyalists Sir George Rodney, Battle of Saints, 1782 Hudson Valley Campaign -
Music and the American Civil War
“LIBERTY’S GREAT AUXILIARY”: MUSIC AND THE AMERICAN CIVIL WAR by CHRISTIAN MCWHIRTER A DISSERTATION Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of History in the Graduate School of The University of Alabama TUSCALOOSA, ALABAMA 2009 Copyright Christian McWhirter 2009 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ABSTRACT Music was almost omnipresent during the American Civil War. Soldiers, civilians, and slaves listened to and performed popular songs almost constantly. The heightened political and emotional climate of the war created a need for Americans to express themselves in a variety of ways, and music was one of the best. It did not require a high level of literacy and it could be performed in groups to ensure that the ideas embedded in each song immediately reached a large audience. Previous studies of Civil War music have focused on the music itself. Historians and musicologists have examined the types of songs published during the war and considered how they reflected the popular mood of northerners and southerners. This study utilizes the letters, diaries, memoirs, and newspapers of the 1860s to delve deeper and determine what roles music played in Civil War America. This study begins by examining the explosion of professional and amateur music that accompanied the onset of the Civil War. Of the songs produced by this explosion, the most popular and resonant were those that addressed the political causes of the war and were adopted as the rallying cries of northerners and southerners. All classes of Americans used songs in a variety of ways, and this study specifically examines the role of music on the home-front, in the armies, and among African Americans. -
'Deprived of Their Liberty'
'DEPRIVED OF THEIR LIBERTY': ENEMY PRISONERS AND THE CULTURE OF WAR IN REVOLUTIONARY AMERICA, 1775-1783 by Trenton Cole Jones A dissertation submitted to Johns Hopkins University in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Baltimore, Maryland June, 2014 © 2014 Trenton Cole Jones All Rights Reserved Abstract Deprived of Their Liberty explores Americans' changing conceptions of legitimate wartime violence by analyzing how the revolutionaries treated their captured enemies, and by asking what their treatment can tell us about the American Revolution more broadly. I suggest that at the commencement of conflict, the revolutionary leadership sought to contain the violence of war according to the prevailing customs of warfare in Europe. These rules of war—or to phrase it differently, the cultural norms of war— emphasized restricting the violence of war to the battlefield and treating enemy prisoners humanely. Only six years later, however, captured British soldiers and seamen, as well as civilian loyalists, languished on board noisome prison ships in Massachusetts and New York, in the lead mines of Connecticut, the jails of Pennsylvania, and the camps of Virginia and Maryland, where they were deprived of their liberty and often their lives by the very government purporting to defend those inalienable rights. My dissertation explores this curious, and heretofore largely unrecognized, transformation in the revolutionaries' conduct of war by looking at the experience of captivity in American hands. Throughout the dissertation, I suggest three principal factors to account for the escalation of violence during the war. From the onset of hostilities, the revolutionaries encountered an obstinate enemy that denied them the status of legitimate combatants, labeling them as rebels and traitors. -
Continental Congress
Acts What they did . Writs of Assistance allowed customs (British) officers to search any location for smuggled goods (especially ships) . Stamp Act taxed all printed material; newspapers, pamphlets, playing cards, and wills (Colonists rioted and boycotted British goods, smuggling) “ No taxation without Representation” British Acts Acts What they did Townshend Acts Tax on glass, tea, paper, lead (imported goods) Boycott of British Goods – Nonimportation Agreement Tea Act Law that let British East India Company bypass merchants to sell directly to colonists (Britain had excess tea that was not being purchased and they needed to get rid of it) Quartering Act Housing British troops http://images.metmuseum.org/CRDImages/dp/original/DP827936.jpg Boston Massacre • Redcoats set up camp in Boston to support the tax collectors who were being threatened by colonists • Redcoats acted rudely and violently • They were poor so they often stole from colonists • March 5, 1770 • Bostonians and Redcoats argue • Bostonians moved through the streets to the Customs House • British soldiers panic • A shot is fired • 5 Bostonians lay dead • Soldiers were arrested and tried for murder. • John Adams was the lawyer who defended them Boston Tea Party Because of the tea act, East India Company’s tea was cheaper than any other tea. The colonists again boycotted British goods to show their dislike of British tea control. Boston Tea Party Colonists in Boston and Philadelphia planned to stop the company’s ships from unloading. In all colonial ports except Boston, colonists forced the company’s ships to return to Britain. Boston Tea Party In Boston Harbor in December 1773, the royal governor ordered the tea unloaded. -
“Extracts from Some Rebel Papers”: Patriots, Loyalists, and the Perils of Wartime Printing
1 “Extracts from some Rebel Papers”: Patriots, Loyalists, and the Perils of Wartime Printing Joseph M. Adelman National Endowment for the Humanities Fellow American Antiquarian Society Presented to the Joint Seminar of the McNeil Center for Early American Studies And the Program in Early American Economy and Society, LCP Library Company of Philadelphia, 1314 Locust Street, Philadelphia 24 February 2012 3-5 p.m. *** DRAFT: Please do not cite, quote, or distribute without permission of the author. *** 2 The eight years of the Revolutionary War were difficult for the printing trade. After over a decade of growth and increasing entanglement among printers as their networks evolved from commercial lifelines to the pathways of political protest, the fissures of the war dispersed printers geographically and cut them off from their peers. Maintaining commercial success became increasingly complicated as demand for printed matter dropped, except for government printing, and supply shortages crippled communications networks and hampered printers’ ability to produce and distribute anything that came off their presses. Yet even in their diminished state, printers and their networks remained central not only to keeping open lines of communication among governments, armies, and civilians, but also in shaping public opinion about the central ideological issues of the war, the outcomes of battles, and the meaning of events affecting the war in North America and throughout the Atlantic world. What happened to printers and their networks is of vital importance for understanding the Revolution. The texts that historians rely on, from Common Sense and The Crisis to rural newspapers, almanacs, and even diaries and correspondence, were shaped by the commercial and political forces that printers navigated as they produced printed matter that defined the scope of debate and the nature of the discussion about the war. -
Hudson Valley Ring
Peekskill, NY -- A Site on a Revolutionary War Road Trip http://revolutionaryday.com/usroute9/peekskill/default.htm Books US4 NY5 US7 US9 US9W US20 US60 US202 US221 Canal On March 23, 1777, 500 British troops disembarked from 10 ships sent up the Hudson to attack the storehouse at Peekskill. 250 American troops manned the storehouse at Peekskill under the command of Alexander McDougall. McDougall withdrew into the town and asked for support from Fort Montgomery across the river. Col Marinus Willett arrived with 80 men and with the General's permission led an attack on the British who were burning military supplies. Willett fired on the British and charged with bayonets forcing the British to retreat. On June 24, 1781, Washington set up camp in Peekskill and waited for French forces that left Newport, RI on June 9th under the command of General Rochambeau. When the French arrived, the combined armies performed exercises and demonstrations to intimidate the British in New York City. However, Washington and Rochambeau decided that a larger force would be necessary to lay siege to the city. Instead, Washington abandoned his efforts in New York and took half of his forces and the French forces to surround and overwhelm Cornwallis in the south. Clinton in New York would not figure out what Washington was up to for over two weeks and would not send a force out to rescue Cornwallis for another month. Clinton was informed of the surrender enroute and turned back to New York City. Today, there’s a beautiful park on the Hudson at Peekskill. -
The Stamp Act and Methods of Protest
Page 33 Chapter 8 The Stamp Act and Methods of Protest espite the many arguments made against it, the Stamp Act was passed and scheduled to be enforced on November 1, 1765. The colonists found ever more vigorous and violent ways to D protest the Act. In Virginia, a tall backwoods lawyer, Patrick Henry, made a fiery speech and pushed five resolutions through the Virginia Assembly. In Boston, an angry mob inspired by Sam Adams and the Sons of Liberty destroyed property belonging to a man rumored to be a Stamp agent and to Lt. Governor Thomas Hutchinson. In New York, delegates from nine colonies, sitting as the Stamp Act Congress, petitioned the King and Parliament for repeal. In Philadelphia, New York, and other seaport towns, merchants pledged not to buy or sell British goods until the hated stamp tax was repealed. This storm of resistance and protest eventually had the desired effect. Stamp sgents hastily resigned their Commissions and not a single stamp was ever sold in the colonies. Meanwhile, British merchants petitioned Parliament to repeal the Stamp Act. In 1766, the law was repealed but replaced with the Declaratory Act, which stated that Parliament had the right to make laws binding on the colonies "in all cases whatsoever." The methods used to protest the Stamp Act raised issues concerning the use of illegal and violent protest, which are considered in this chapter. May: Patrick Henry and the Virginia Resolutions Patrick Henry had been a member of Virginia's House of Burgess (Assembly) for exactly nine days as the May session was drawing to a close. -
The Sons and Daughters of Liberty Questions
Name Date The Sons and Daughters of Liberty By Cindy Grigg Caption: A depiction of the tarring and feathering of Commissioner of Customs John Malcolm, a Loyalist, by five Patriots on 5 January 1774 under the Liberty Tree in Boston, Massachusetts. Tea is also being poured into Malcolm's mouth. The print shows the Boston Tea Party occurring in the background, though that incident had in fact taken place four weeks earlier. Note the noose in the tree and the Stamp Act posted upside-down. After Britain began taxing the colonies in 1765, the colonists were angry. They had no representatives in the British Parliament. In Boston, there were public demonstrations. People flooded the streets to protest what they felt were unfair taxes. Angry mobs went to the home of the king's agent who was supposed to collect taxes in the colony. Colonists who fought the tax called themselves the "Sons of Liberty." The name came from a speech made by a member of Parliament. He also opposed the tax. Some of the Sons were common laborers. Some were merchants. Some were lawyers. Some were artists. Some were doctors. Some were newspaper publishers and writers. All of them were Patriots. They supported political freedom in the colonies. These men often held public protests against British taxes and laws. They rallied around "Liberty Trees", "Liberty Poles", or other public meeting places. In Boston, two prominent leaders were Paul Revere and Samuel Adams. In 1773, the tax on tea led the Sons of Liberty to make a public statement. "It is essential to the freedom and security of a free people that no taxes be imposed on them but by their own consent or that of their representatives." They declared that as long as tea was taxed, anyone who brought tea into the colony "shall be deemed an enemy to the liberties of America." The Sons of Liberty planned and carried out the Boston Tea Party in December 1773. -
Sons of Liberty Patriots Or Terrorists
The Sons of Liberty : Patriots? OR Common ? Core Terrorists focused! http://www.teacherspayteachers.com/Store/Mr-Educator-A-Social-Studies-Professional Instructions: 1.) This activity can be implemented in a variety of ways. I have done this as a class debate and it works very, very well. However, I mostly complete this activity as three separate nightly homework assignments, or as three in-class assignments, followed by an in-class Socratic Seminar. The only reason I do this is because I will do the Patriots v. Loyalists: A Common Core Class Debate (located here: http://www.teacherspayteachers.com/ Product/Patriots-vs-Loyalists-A-Common-Core-Class-Debate-874989) and I don’t want to do two debates back-to-back. 2.) Students should already be familiar with the Sons of Liberty. If they aren’t, you may need to establish the background knowledge of what this group is and all about. 3.) I will discuss the questions as a class that are on the first page of the “Day 1” reading. Have classes discuss what makes someone a patriot and a terrorist. Talk about how they define these words? Can one be one without being the other? How? Talk about what both sides are after. What are the goals of terrorists? Why are they doing it? It is also helpful to bring in some outside quotes of notorious terrorists, such as Bin Laden, to show that they are too fighting for what they believe to be a just, noble cause. 4.) For homework - or as an in-class activity - assign the Day 1 reading. -
Chronology of the American Revolution
INTRODUCTION One of the missions of The Friends of Valley Forge Park is the promotion of our historical heritage so that the spirit of what took place over two hundred years ago continues to inspire both current and future generations of all people. It is with great pleasure and satisfaction that we are able to offer to the public this chronology of events of The American Revolution. While a simple listing of facts, it is the hope that it will instill in some the desire to dig a little deeper into the fascinating stories underlying the events presented. The following pages were compiled over a three year period with text taken from many sources, including the internet, reference books, tapes and many other available resources. A bibliography of source material is listed at the end of the book. This publication is the result of the dedication, time and effort of Mr. Frank Resavy, a long time volunteer at Valley Forge National Historical Park and a member of The Friends of Valley Forge Park. As with most efforts of this magnitude, a little help from friends is invaluable. Frank and The Friends are enormously grateful for the generous support that he received from the staff and volunteers at Valley Forge National Park as well as the education committee of The Friends of Valley Forge Park. Don R Naimoli Chairman The Friends of Valley Forge Park ************** The Friends of Valley Forge Park, through and with its members, seeks to: Preserve…the past Conserve…for the future Enjoy…today Please join with us and help share in the stewardship of Valley Forge National Park. -
PUB DUE Three At,Ated Reading Guides Were Aeveloped
411.. X %. itomesTit1180111 RD 181 929 IS 000 043 AUTHOR Schneider, Eric C.: And Others .TITLE Boston:1411 Orban Community. Boston and the American - RevcilutiOn: The Leaders, the*Issue!and the Common Man. Boston's Architecture: From First Tawnhouseto New City Hall. Boston's Artisans of the Eighteenth Century. Annotated Reading Lists. INSTITUTION Bos.ton Public Library, Hass. SPONS AGENCY National Endowment for the_Humanities(NFAH),' Washington, O.C PUB DUE 77 NOTE Fo'irelated documentso'see IRJ 008 042-046 EDRS PRICE HF01/PC03 Plus Postage: ,DESCRIPTORS Annotated BibliographAes: 4gArchitecture:*Craftsmen; Educational Programs: HumanitiesInstruction: *Local History: Public' Librarikts: Resource Guidesi Apevoldtionar.War (Onited.statefl ABSTRA.CT The three at,ated reading guideswere Aeveloped for courses offeced At the Bos_n Public,Library under the,National Endowments,for the'Human ).ties Library LearningProgram. The first lists-42 selectedrece t works of major importance covering theareas of colonial society, political structure,and the Aterican .Revolutivon.piel27 titles cited in thesecoud include not only books about Bostoearehitectureet but books aboutBoston which deal With '7 various of the city's buildings: guidebooksto 'individual buildings have been excluded. The 31 readingson Boston's artisans and their products are (II:Added into three sections:(1) the topography of th city from 1726 to 1815:(2) the artisan coamunfty and thesoc structure of'Boston, focusingon the-role'of craftsmen i Revolution and their cheinging social status:and,(3) e crafts of 18th century.Boston anA some biographical materialsot individuai 'artisans. (RAA) 4 f ****-*************************************************.*********4******** 1;4 Reproluctions suppli44 by raps are the beet thatcan be eaCle frou.the original docuaellt. -
IBMYP United States Government the Stamp Act – Background
IBMYP United States Government denied these charges, and complained of British suspect that the British were intentionally plotting The Stamp Act – Background arrogance and contemptuousness in dealings with to enslave the colonists economically. the colonials. Commentary The French and Indian War – Results British troops also quarreled with colonial civilians, Summary who were often reluctant to provide food and The conflict between British and colonial soldiers shelter to the British, and consistently complained was indicative of the evolving attitudes of the two When the French and Indian War, and its of the troops' poor behavior. Pennsylvania regions toward one another. The colonies began European counterpart, the Seven Years War, Quakers, as pacifists, voted against appropriating to associate all things British with arrogance and officially came to a close with the Treaty of Paris in funds for the war effort, and Massachusetts and condescension, and the British viewed Americans 1763, North America was divided territorially New York also took a stand against the quartering as inept, irresponsible, and primitive. The colonial between the British and Spanish. Britain had of British troops in their colonies. British units in the war were involved primarily in support driven the French from the continent, and Parliament, and King George III, viewed these roles, providing reserve forces in battles and extended its land claims west to the Mississippi actions as antagonistic to the British effort to holding British forts. This way, the more highly River. It seemed that British holdings in North defend imperial territories. trained British professionals could lead the America and all over the world were more secure offensive against the French.