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A Construção Discursiva De Masculinidades Bissexuais: Um Estudo Em Linguística Queer

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A Construção Discursiva De Masculinidades Bissexuais: Um Estudo Em Linguística Queer UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE PERNAMBUCO-UFPE PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM LETRAS-PGLETRAS DOUTORADO EM LINGUÍSTICA ISMAR INÁCIO DOS SANTOS FILHO A CONSTRUÇÃO DISCURSIVA DE MASCULINIDADES BISSEXUAIS: UM ESTUDO EM LINGUÍSTICA QUEER Recife - PE 2012 P á g i n a | 1 Ismar Inácio dos Santos Filho A CONSTRUÇÃO DISCURSIVA DE MASCULINIDADES BISSEXUAIS: UM ESTUDO EM LINGUÍSTICA QUEER Tese apresentada ao Programa de Pós- Graduação em Letras, da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, como requisito parcial para obtenção do título de Doutor em Letras. Orientadora: Profª Drª Judith Chambliss Hoffnagel Recife - PE 2012 P á g i n a | 2 Catalogação na fonte Andréa Marinho, CRB4-1667 P á g i n a | 3 ISMAR INÁCIO DOS SANTOS FILHO A CONSTRUÇÃO DISCURSIVA DE MASCULINIDADES BISSEXUAIS: Um Estudo em Linguística Queer Tese apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Letras da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco como requisito para a obtenção do Grau de Doutor em Linguística, em 9/3/2012. TESE APROVADA PELA BANCA EXAMINADORA: Profª. Drª Judith Chambliss Hoffnagel Orientadora – LETRAS – UFPE Profª Drª Evandra Grigoletto LETRAS – UFPE Prof. Dr. Benedito Gomes Bezerra LETRAS – UFPE Prof. Dr. Luiz Paulo da Moita Lopes UFRJ Prof. Dr. Felipe Rios do Nascimento PSICOLOGIA – UFPE Recife – PE 2012 P á g i n a | 4 Aos homens bissexuais que concederam as entrevistas, falando de si e narrando suas vidas, possibilitando, desse modo, a compreensão da miríade de significados que subjaz ao rótulo identitário “bissexual”. À professora-orientadora, Drª. Judith Hoffnagel, por acolher esta pesquisa e contribuir significativamente para sua construção. Ao professor Dr. Luiz Paulo da Moita Lopes, pois foi em seus estudos que encontrei as possibilidades de estudar gênero e sexualidade. Aos amigos e amigas Alex Brown, Fernando Moura, Zé Wilson, Bilzinho, Regivan, Robson, Edneide Lima, Socorro Barbosa e Wilma, com os quais foi possível, nas nossas rodas de conversas, refletir sobre as masculinidades. À minha amiga e companheira dos estudos de linguagem, Sônia da Rocha, por ter sido a leitora dos meus escritos desta tese. Ao meu amigo e grande companheiro, Jerfferson Batista da Rocha, por ter acompanhado cada avanço e cada retrocesso desta pesquisa, sendo o ouvinte dos meus escritos e meu esteio. P á g i n a | 5 Ao meu pai, Ismar Inácio, e à minha mãe, Benedita Maria, pois devo a eles muito do que sou e posso fazer. Aos meus professores do antigo primário, D. Maria do Carmo, D. Inês, D. Izaura, Maria José, D. Dalva, D. Maria Gregório, D. Marlena e D. Zenóbia. Aos professores com quem tive aulas no PGLetras, Ângela Dionísio, Antônio Carlos Xavier, Cristina Sampaio, Dominique Maingueneau, Doris Cunha, José Luiz Meurer (in memoriam), Judith Hoffnagel, Marlos Pessoa, Regina Dell’Isola e Virgínia Leal, e no PGA, Lady Selma e Marion Quadros. A todos os meus colegas da turma do PGLetras-2008. Ao CNPq pelo indispensável apoio financeiro. Aos meus irmãos, irmãs, sobrinhos, sobrinhas, cunhados e cunhadas, amigos e amigas que torceram pela realização deste estudo. P á g i n a | 6 (...) a identidade é entendida como uma realização interacional, negociada e alcançada por membros de uma interação no curso de eventos comuns, como traços constitutivos de seus encontros sociais. Assim (...) postulamos uma relação constitutiva entre linguagem e identidades sociais em que um ou mais traços linguísticos podem indexar significados sociais que por sua vez ajudam a constituir significados de identidade (...). Nesse sentido, a relação entre linguagem e identidade social não é, ou raramente é, direta, antes é mediada pela compreensão que os interlocutores têm das convenções que regem o desempenho de certos atos sociais e stances (posições) e pela compreensão dos interlocutores de como atos sociais e stances servem como recursos para a estruturação de identidades sociais particulares (HOFFNAGEL, 2010). P á g i n a | 7 RESUMO Nos últimos anos, devido ao boom da Internet, e nessa os chats, tem acontecido um movimento de homens que almejam “conversar” com outros homens, para estabelecimento de relações sexuais. É o homoerotismo entre homens. Assim, nas conversas tecladas as masculinidades têm sido reconfiguradas, forjando, de modo expressivos, homens que se posicionam como bissexuais. Em função disto, este estudo objetivou compreender o posicionamento desses homens nestas conversas e quais performances de masculinidades bissexuais são por eles construídas, na tentativa de compreender que imagens são propostas para esses homens, que comportamentos são propostos, que identificação e ou distanciamento são forjados em relação às masculinidades heterossexual e homossexual e se esses posicionamentos provocam fissuras no sistema de gênero inteligível. A pesquisa se situa como um estudo em Linguística Aplicada, pois tem em seus aportes orientações dos estudos em linguagem – em estudos de gênero discursivo e estudos sociolinguísticos, através da linguística queer, dos estudos socioantropológicos, dos estudos de gênero e dos estudos em sexualidade, bem como dos estudos etnográficos. Dessa maneira, serviram de base os estudos de Austin, Bakhtin, Bauman, Bucholtz e Hall, Butler, Carrara, Connell, Davies e Harre, Foucault, Giddens, Goffman, Hine, Louro, Moita Lopes, Ochs, Seffner e Wortham, dentre outros. Nesse bojo, a Linguística Aplicada necessitou se indisciplinar, pois se constituiu por quadros conceituais híbridos, na tentativa de possibilitar a aproximação com a complexidade da vida em seus sentidos de gênero e sexualidade. O corpus analisado foi formado por conversas tecladas abertas, geradas através da etnografia virtual, sendo, dessas, destacados “nicknames”, “gritos”, “anúncios de si” e “flagras de conversas”. Além das conversas abertas, foram geradas entrevistas com homens que se posicionavam como bissexuais, e nessas, algumas narrativas de si. Após as análises, compreendemos que as configurações dessas masculinidades são realizadas em cumplicidade e com o apoio do ideal de homem, o homem vitoriano, mas que, de todo modo, são “outros” jeitos de encarar as masculinidades que são construídos nesse espaço virtual; são outras compreensão para as masculinidades. Palavras-chave: chats, performatividade, heteronormatividade, masculinidades bissexuais P á g i n a | 8 RESUMEN En los últimos años, debido al boom de Internet, ha sido un movimiento de hombres que están intentando "hablar" con otros hombres para relaciones sexuales. Es el homoerotismo entre hombres. Así, en estas interacciones se ha reconfigurado la masculinidad; es la construcción de hombres bisexuales. De acuerdo a esto, este estudio intentó comprender el posicionamiento de estos hombres en estas conversaciones y qué actuaciones de bisexuales son construidas por ellos, en un intento de comprender sus imágenes, sus comportamientos y la identificación o la expulsión de masculinidades heterosexuales y homosexuales, y si estas posiciones causan grietas en el género inteligible. Se trata de un estudio en lingüística aplicada. Sus bases: géneros textuales y sociolingüística - a través del lingüística queer. Además, estudios socioantropológicos, estudios de género y estudios sobre sexualidad, así como estudios etnográficos. De esta manera, formaron la base estudios de Austin, Bajtin, Bauman, Bucholtz y Hall, Butler, Carrara, Connell, Davies, Harre, Foucault, Giddens, Goffman, Hine, Louro, Moita Lopes, Ochs, Seffner y Wortham, entre otros. Por lo tanto, el lingüística aplicada fue indisciplinar, consistente en conceptos híbridos en un intento de hacer la aproximación con la complejidad de la vida en sus sentidos de género y sexualidad. El corpus analizado fue formado por conversaciones abiertas, generadas a través de la etnografía virtual: nicks, gritos y anúncios. Además de las conversaciones abiertas, entrevistas con hombres bisexuales y algunas historias de vida. En el análisis, comprendemos que la masculinidad se llevan a cabo en complicidad y con el apoyo del ideal del hombre, el hombre victoriano, pero, en cualquier caso, son "otras" maneras de entender la masculinidad en este espacio virtual; son otros relatos. Palabras clave: interacciones virtuales, performatividad, heteronormatividad, hombres bisexuales P á g i n a | 9 ABSTRACT In recent years, due to the Internet boom, and with this chats, a movement of men who aim to "talk" with other men for sexual relations has occurred. This is homoeroticism between men. In these interactions masculinities have been reconfigured; forging the construction of bisexual men. Given this situation, the research attempts to understand the positioning of these men in these conversations and what performances of bisexual masculinities are constructed by them, to understand their images, their behaviors, and identification or rejection of heterosexual and homosexual masculinities, and if these positions cause “cracks” in the heteronormativity. This is a study in applied linguistics. Its bases: textual genres and sociolinguistics - through queer linguistics. Also, gender studies and studies on sexuality, as well as ethnographic studies. In this way, Austin, Bakhtin, Bauman, Bucholtz and Hall, Butler, Carrara, Connell, Davies and Harre, Foucault, Giddens, Goffman, Hine, Louro, Moita Lopes, Ochs, Seffner and Wortham, among others, formed the theoretical bases. Therefore, applied linguistics was indisciplined, consisting of hybrid concepts in an attempt to make the approximation with the complexity of life in their senses of gender and sexuality. The corpus was formed by conversations, generated through virtual ethnography:
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