The Silver Standard of Steel

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When it comes to the number of steel grades available, we can understand why people are astonished and bemused by the options available! It does seem that there is a steel grade for every single application you can think of, but each one exists for a specific purpose and has its own capabilities, strengths and weaknesses! One that always catches the eye of our customers is our Silver Steel Bar if not only because people immediately ask if there’s any silver contained in it! Unfortunately, there isn’t, it’s a historic name from the first half of the 20th Century, as the chromium that was alloyed into this particular steel gave it an extra bright finish, that made it appear like silver. The good news is that Silver Steel is much stronger and more capable than the silver it’s named after! Silver Steel has a high carbon content, which increases the hardenability during working and allows it to withstand wear much better than other grades. Wear resistance is very important in any number of functions, but the chromium that gives the Silver Steel its lustre also increases the strength. The actual make up of Silver Steel includes a number of other materials. As well as carbon and chromium, there’s also manganese. If you need a strong and hard-wearing steel, hardening and tempering achieves a hardness of up to Rockwell C 64. The chromium content means that the material responds very well to treatment that the process is a deep hardening throughout the material. There are many reasons to choose silver steel bar as your steel of choice, not only for its strength, hardness and machineability, but also because you can tell your clients that you’re using ‘silver steel’ and sound very grand indeed – if you don’t tell, we won’t! Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org).

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Silver Steel Data Sheet
SSS SABEN SILVER STEEL 1.2210 PRECISION GROUND DOWELL ROD B.S.1407 WERKSTOFF No C Si Mn Cr Mo W V Co 1.20 0.40 0.40 Features and Uses Tempering Applications include Temper according to the Saben Silver Steel is bright screwdrivers, punches, shafts, purpose for which the parts are finished rod produced from hot axles, pinions, pins, die posts, required generally between rolled bar by means of instrument parts, model parts, 150 / 300ºC centreless grinding. taps and drills for mild steel, The high carbon content of this engravers tools, and fine Rockwell C Temperature steel means that it can be cutters. 63/65 as quenched hardened to give considerable 63/65 120ºC wear resistance and the Hardening 64/62 150ºC chromium content adds to the 62/61 200ºC strength and hardenability It is preferable to heat the tools 59/58 250ºC As supplied however, the steel in a controlled atmosphere. If 56/55 300ºC is machinable owing to the this is not possible, pack 54/53 350ºC annealing treatment given to it hardening is recommended. A 50/48 400ºC prior to grinding. reducing atmosphere is Saben silver steel is spherodise desirable. annealed for best machinability, the annealed STOCK SIZES DIA Heat to 770 / 780ºC and when 2 mm 15 1/16” hardness being in the region of thoroughly soaked through, 2.5 16 3/32” 270 Brinell (Rockwell C27). quench in water. (sizes up to 8 3 17 1/8” On hardening and tempering a mm diameter may be oil 3.5 18 5/32” hardness of up to Rockwell hardened from 800 / 810ºC) C64 can be obtained.
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Stress Corrosion Cracking of Welded Joints in High Strength Steels
Stress Corrosion Cracking of Welded Joints in High Strength Steels Variables affecting stress corrosion cracking are studied and conditions recommended for welding and postweld heat treat to obtain maximum resistance to cracking BY T. G. GOOCH ABSTRACT. High strength steels may linear elastic fracture mechanics prin detrimental effect on weld metal SCC suffer a form of stress corrosion ciples using precracked specimens. resistance, although segregation may cracking (SCC) due to hydrogen em Testing was carried out in 3% sodium be particularly significant in precipita brittlement, the hydrogen being liber chloride solution as representative tion hardening systems. SCC failure ated by a cathodic corrosion reaction. of the media causing SCC of high may take place intergranularly, by Most service media will be expected strength steels. Welds were prepared cleavage, or by microvoid coales to liberate hydrogen, and the problem in the experimental alloys and the cence, intergranular failure being affords a considerable drawback to pre-existing crack located in various largely associated with the presence the widespread use of high strength regions of the joint, while samples of twinned martensite and high sus steels. For a number of reasons, fail were also prepared using The Weld ceptibility. The results suggest that ure may be particularly likely when ing Institute weld thermal simulator highest SCC resistance will be ob welding is used for fabrication. Un to reproduce specific heat-affected tained from low carbon, low alloy less the
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Carbon and Alloy Steels - Glossary of Terms for Steels
Carbon and Alloy Steels - Glossary of Terms for Steels A Glossary of the terms used in relation to steels and the steel industry. CONTACT Address: Wilsons Ltd Nordic House Old Great North Road Huntingdon PE28 5XN Tel: +44 (0)1480 456421 Email: [email protected] Web: www.wilsonsmetals.com REVISION HISTORY Datasheet Updated 18 July 2019 DISCLAIMER This Data is indicative only and as such is not to be relied upon in place of the full specification. In particular, mechanical property requirements vary widely with temper, product and product dimensions. All information is based on our present knowledge and is given in good faith. No liability will be accepted by the Company in respect of any action taken by any third party in reliance thereon. Please note that the 'Datasheet Update' date shown above is no guarantee of accuracy or whether the datasheet is up to date. The information provided in this datasheet has been drawn from various recognised sources, including EN Standards, recognised industry references (printed & online) and manufacturers’ data. No guarantee is given that the information is from the latest issue of those sources or about the accuracy of those sources. Material supplied by the Company may vary significantly from this data, but will conform to all relevant and applicable standards. As the products detailed may be used for a wide variety of purposes and as the Company has no control over their use; the Company specifically excludes all conditions or warranties expressed or implied by statute or otherwise as to dimensions, properties and/or fitness for any particular purpose, whether expressed or implied.
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Metals in Horology – a Paper by Jim Nicholson
Metals in Horology – a paper by Jim Nicholson Mans early use of metals Early man exploited gold, silver and copper because these can be found ‘native’ or in the metallic state: subsequently their ores, as well as those of tin, were relatively easily reduced to the metallic state at comparatively low temperature. Iron is very occasionally found in the metallic state in the form of meteorites. It is possible that the relative lack of iron meteorites today, compared with the frequency with which they are believed to have fallen to earth, is because they were exploited by early man. It has been reported that the Inuits of North America used such resources at least to the end of the 19th century. It must have appeared magical to early man that the smelting of rock resulted in producing a metal and that an alloy of two soft metals (copper and tin) could result in a hard alloy capable of bearing a cutting edge (bronze). Brass An alloy of copper and zinc. This seems simple, but it must be remembered that zinc, in a metallic state was only available quite late in history. Copper was produced in the Bristol and Swansea areas in large quantities in the 18th & 19th centuries. At one time 50% of the worlds copper production was done here. Extraction was a complex process involving six or seven separate smelting and the slag from each stage was added to the charge two or three stages later on. Most copper ores are sulphides but also they contained arsenic. The brass making process involved filling crucibles with the trimmings or punchings from the making of the sheet copper, plus zinc carbonate or calamine, which was found in the lead mines of Derbyshire and the Yorkshire Dales, and powdered charcoal.
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The Effect of Temperature and Strain-Rate on the Deformation and Fracture of Mild Steel Charpy Specimens
1 The Effect of Temperature and Strain-Rate on the Deformation and Fracture of Mild Steel Charpy Specimens The,,,;.is Submitted in Suppliction for the Degree of Doctor of Thilosophy by SLoicor. Rodney Uilshaw D.Sc. A.12.3.M. (London) 1961. Deprtmeilt of -.ysicalietallurrsy- Imperial College University of London December 1964 2 ABSTRACT High nitrogen mild steel Charpy specimens were deformed at room temperature in three-point bending; the distribution of plastic deformation revealed by Fry's etch was measured at different applied loads for both substantially plane stress and plane strain conditions. Specimens were deformed to fracture at striker velocities of 0.05, 50 and 30,000 cm/min within the temperature range - 196°C to + 100°C. These studies have revealed the existence of ; a) a transition from ductile tearing at the notch root, to internal cleavage, b) at a lower temperature a bimodal distribution of fracture loads, indicating a transition in the mode of cleavage fracture and c) a decrease in the fracture load associated with the onset of twinning. 3 The relationship between these transition temperatures and the strain-rate may be expressed by an Arrhenius eauation with different apparent activation energies, which are not comparable with the activation energies for yielding. From this it is concluded that the effect of temperature and strain-rate on the cleavage stress is not entirely due to their influence on the yield stress. The implication of this when predicting notch impact transitions from tensile data is disc-p.ssed and a method of predicting the existence of a Crack arrest temperature is postulated.
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Durham E-Theses
Durham E-Theses An investigation of the magnetic properties of high tensile steels Willcock, Simon Nicolas Murray How to cite: Willcock, Simon Nicolas Murray (1985) An investigation of the magnetic properties of high tensile steels, Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/7026/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk AN INVESTIGATION OF THE MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF HIGH TENSILE STEELS SIMON NICOLAS MURRAY WILLCOCK, B.Sc, A.R.C.S., C. Phys., M.Inst.P, The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. No quotation from it should be published without his prior written consent and information derived from it should be acknowledged. Thesis submitted to the University of Durham in Candidature for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy, September, 1985. To my Family - i - ABSTRACT This thesis describes an investigation of the magnetic properties of high tensile steels typical of those produced for the high pressure gas pipe-line industry.
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An Investigation of Wear and the Performance of Steels in the Gold Mining Industry
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Catalog of Standard Reference Materials
NATL INST. OF STAND & TECH Bureau of Standards £-01 Admin. Bldg. AUG 1 8 1970 NBS SPECIAL PUBLICATION 260 NBS JULY 1970 EDITION PUBLICATIONS Catalog of 9TAMDARD "REFERENCE MATERIALS U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Bureau of Standards - NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS The National Bureau of Standards 1 was established by an act of Congress March 3, 1901. Today, in addition to serving as the Nation's central measurement laboratory, the Bureau is a principal focal point in the Federal Government for assuring maximum application of the physical and engineering sciences to the advancement of technology in industry and commerce. To this end the Bureau conducts research and provides central national services in four broad program areas. These are: (1) basic measurements and standards, (2) materials measurements and standards, (3) technological measurements and standards, and (4) transfer of technology. The Bureau comprises the Institute for Basic Standards, the Institute for Materials Research, the Institute for Applied Technology, the Center for Radiation Research, the Center for Computer Sciences and Technology, and the Office for Information Programs. THE INSTITUTE FOR BASIC STANDARDS provides the central basis within the United States of a complete and consistent system of physical measurement; coordinates that system with measurement systems of other nations; and furnishes essential services leading to accurate and uniform physical measurements throughout the Nation's scientific community, industry, and com- merce. The Institute consists of an Office of Measurement Services and the following technical divisions: Applied Mathematics—Electricity—Metrology—Mechanics—Heat—Atomic and Molec- ular Physics—Radio Physics - —Radio Engineering -—Time and Frequency -—Astro- physics - —Cryogenics.
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Silver and Gold Coating
Copyright © Tarek Kakhia. All rights reserved. http://tarek.kakhia.org Gold & Silver Coatings By A . T . Kakhia 1 Copyright © Tarek Kakhia. All rights reserved. http://tarek.kakhia.org 2 Copyright © Tarek Kakhia. All rights reserved. http://tarek.kakhia.org Part One General Knowledge 3 Copyright © Tarek Kakhia. All rights reserved. http://tarek.kakhia.org 4 Copyright © Tarek Kakhia. All rights reserved. http://tarek.kakhia.org Aqua Regia ( Royal Acid ) Freshly prepared aqua regia is colorless, Freshly prepared aqua but it turns orange within seconds. Here, regia to remove metal fresh aqua regia has been added to these salt deposits. NMR tubes to remove all traces of organic material. Contents 1 Introduction 2 Applications 3 Chemistry 3.1 Dissolving gold 3.2 Dissolving platinum 3.3 Reaction with tin 3.4 Decomposition of aqua regia 4 History 1 - Introduction Aqua regia ( Latin and Ancient Italian , lit. "royal water"), aqua regis ( Latin, lit. "king's water") , or nitro – hydro chloric acid is a highly corrosive mixture of acids, a fuming yellow or red solution. The mixture is formed by freshly mixing concentrated nitric acid and hydro chloric acid , optimally in a volume ratio of 1:3. It was named 5 Copyright © Tarek Kakhia. All rights reserved. http://tarek.kakhia.org so because it can dissolve the so - called royal or noble metals, gold and platinum. However, titanium, iridium, ruthenium, tantalum, osmium, rhodium and a few other metals are capable of with standing its corrosive properties. IUPAC name Nitric acid hydro chloride Other names aqua regia , Nitro hydrochloric acid Molecular formula HNO3 + 3 H Cl Red , yellow or gold Appearance fuming liquid 3 Density 1.01–1.21 g / cm Melting point − 42 °C Boiling point 108 °C Solubility in water miscible in water Vapor pressure 21 mbar 2 – Applications Aqua regia is primarily used to produce chloro auric acid, the electrolyte in the Wohl will process.
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The-Generation-Of-Internal-Stresses-In
THE GENERATION OF INTERNAL STRESSES IN SINGLE AND TWO PHASE MATERIALS A thesis submitted to the University of Manchester for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Faculty of Science and Engineering September 2002 By Edward Charles Oliver Manchester Materials Science Centre Contents Abstract 6 Declaration 7 Copyright 8 Publications 9 Acknowledgements 10 Notation and Nomenclature 11 1 Introduction 14 2 Internal Stress Development in Single and Two Phase Materials 16 2.1 Deﬁnitions and Origins of Internal Stress and Residual Stress . 16 2.1.1 Thermal Misﬁt . 18 2.1.2 Heterogeneous Plastic Flow . 18 2.1.3 Phase transformations . 18 2.2 The Concept of Eigenstrain . 20 2.3 The Eshelby Theory . 20 2.3.1 The Homogeneous Ellipsoidal Inclusion . 20 2.3.2 The Equivalent Inclusion Method . 21 2.4 Elastic Properties of Heterogeneous Solids . 22 2.4.1 Single Crystal Elastic Anisotropy . 24 2.4.2 Voigt and Reuss Elastic Averages . 25 2.4.3 Eshelby-Based Approximations . 25 2.5 Plastic Deformation of Single Crystals . 28 2.5.1 Slip in Single Crystals . 29 2.5.2 Deformation Twinning . 32 2.5.3 Martensitic Transformation . 34 2.6 Plastic Properties of Polycrystals . 35 2.6.1 Sachs model . 35 2.6.2 Taylor model . 35 2.6.3 Bishop and Hill Analysis . 37 2.6.4 Elastoplastic Self-Consistent Model . 37 2.6.5 Crystal Plasticity Finite Element Method . 40 2.7 Plastic Properties of Composites . 42 2.7.1 Forward and Reverse Yield Stress . 43 2.7.2 Plastic Relaxation . 43 2.7.3 Finite Element Method .
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Special Steel Book January 2020
SPECIAL STEEL BOOK JANUARY 2020 Page 1 Experience our can-do attitude. As part of the Fletcher Steel family, the team at Easysteel bring a passion to what we do and how we do it. Individually and collectively through our diversity, scale and expertise across the business, we become a force to be reckoned with. We believe in being game changers, delivering excellence in engineering and construction, while bringing together the best products, that showcase our innovation and willingness to doing things differently - bringing your projects to life! No matter who you talk to, you get someone who cares about giving you what you need; each and every time. That’s how we’re working together for you. 1. 2. We care. Together, the power of one. Building relationships on trust. Your service experience. It’s naturally our way. Our team We’re a diverse bunch of people culture is based on caring about our with expert skills and capabilities. colleagues and customers, caring Only by working together can we about getting it right and seeing the achieve greatness and success. We end result come to life. Trust in us to all play a part and this ultimately deliver you the very best result for creates a unique experience for you - your next project. our customers. 3. 4. Getting the details right. Our people first culture drives results. Saving you time. Everyone is in it for the long haul. Nothing is better or more satisfying than When we all care about the getting the job right first time. Together, outcome it drives a culture change if we’re all over the detail, this means a among our team.
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Product Catalogue
0800 789 987 kormax.co.nz PRODUCT CATALOGUE Delivered on-time. To the right spec. Every time. 1 0800 789 987 kormax.co.nz Kiwi to the core since 1947 Our business is based on one simple question. About Us How can Bronze LG2 Bronze (Leaded Gunmetal) 11/13 954 Aluminium Bronze 15/17 863 Manganese Bronze 18 we help? AB2 Aluminium Bronze 19/20 PB1 Phosphor Bronze 21/22 Imperial Bronze Bushes 23/25 Metric Bronze Bushes 26 Sintered Bronze Products 27/28 Brass 385 Brass 31/32 464 Naval Brass (Tobin Bronze) 33 Copper 110 Copper 37/38 Cast Iron & Silver Steel 4E & 3D Cast Iron 41 Silver Steel 43/44 Aluminium 6061 Aluminium 47/48 Technical Information Additional Info 7/8 Typical Mechanical Properties (Bronze & Brass) 34 0800 789 987 kormax.co.nz Free cutting to any length. Next-day delivery nationwide. 3 1 0800 789 987 kormax.co.nz Kiwi to the core since 1947 Late 1950’s The next generation starts work at the foundry, gaining his apprenticeship in moulding. 1947 After perfecting the castings in the garage, this is where it all began. 2012 1980 Milson Metals changes Milson Foundry Ltd buys the first name to Milsons (2012) Ltd and moves to their current Bobcat in New Zealand. After 17,000m2 warehouse in many years of faithful service this Kaimanawa Street. machine was bought back by the Bobcat dealer for historical value. Late 1980’s Milson Metals starts into the fastening industry by securing the Unbrako agency 2004 for New Zealand. Ajax (large wholesaler) Late 1980’s The old coke fired leaves the New Zealand cupola furnace is fastening industry.
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