2007/2008

Translation into English: Anja Welle and Stan Jones ([email protected])

Hans Bredow Institute for Media Research at the University of Hamburg Heimhuder Str. 21 20148 Hamburg Germany Annex: Warburgstraße 8-10 20354 Hamburg Germany Tel.: (+49 40) 450 217-0 Tel.: (+49 40) 450 217-12 Publishing House Tel.: (+49 40) 450 217-12450 217-22 Library Tel.: (+49 40) 450 217-12450 217-41 Editors Fax: (+49 40) 450 217-77 Fax Warburgstraße: (+49 40) 450 217-99 Email: info@Hans Bredow Institute.de Internet: www.hans-bredow-institut.de Bank: Account no. 173922000 with HSH Nordbank Bank id code 210 500 00 Local tax office- Hamburg Central – taxation code 17/408/01380 – VAT DE 118 71 7458 July 2008

THE YEAR’S RESEARCH 2007/2008

In its research for the year 2007/008, the Institute of public communication, as well as setting out once again enjoyed the privilege of engaging with the problems addressed by research for the discus- many of the socially relevant questions in public sion on media politics. communication. The goal of using research activi- The main project of the Research Centre for ties to present insights, reflections and construc- the History of Broadcasting in Northern Germany tive options to a public interested in them was (FGRN), established jointly by the NDR (North realised across a range of different areas. German Broadcasting), the Hans Bredow Institute, In this way, large sections of the Institute par- the University of Hamburg and the WDR (West ticipated in an evaluation of the entire system for German Broadcasting) in 2000, which was de- the protection of minors from harmful media in voted to the history of the Northwest German Germany. Working on this had definite links to Broadcasting Service, was successfully completed methodological problems in interdisciplinary at the end of 2007. As the cooperating partners work, as a well-defined research landscape cer- also considered the organisational form and the tainly does exist in the area covering the use by work presented by the research centre had proved children and young people of various media and in themselves, it was agreed in 2007 to enable work that of potential effects. However the structure of to continue with core funding until 2012. that landscape does not by any means aim at Even though the Institute traditionally focuses bringing to light any results allowing the evalua- on the area of the publicistic media, questions tion of concrete mechanisms for the protection of raised “on the margins” and concerning the evolu- minors, such as, for instance, setting age catego- tion of new structures of communication do turn ries for computer games or controlling access to out to be particularly interesting. Against this cinemas. The Institute’s report was the subject of background, the Institute – together with the Uni- an intensive discussion about policies on young versity of Salzburg – has successfully tendered for people and on the media and it has been integrated a research project involving analysis of the use of into the first amendment of the Protection of so-called Web 2.0 services by young people, that Young Persons Act in 2008. The Federal Gov- is to say, social networks like StudiVZ or ernment and the States are engaged in implement- SchülerVZ. In this area, reliable data has been ing further results of evaluation. The Institute does lacking up to now, although this phenomenon has not regard its work as finished with the presenta- attracted much attention in public discussions. In tion of the report and it is much rather keeping addition, the Institute has concentrated its activi- abreast of the implementation process and is doing ties on computer games and virtual worlds into further work on some subsidiary questions – on one research focus, which investigates questions online computer games, for instance – through in this area in the transdisciplinary fashion charac- smaller-scale studies. teristic of the Institute. One further major undertaking with signifi- In the area of online research, the Institute was cance for media politics is the academic report, last year able to secure a proven expert for its completed in Spring 2008, on the federal govern- team in the person of Dr. Jan-Hinrik Schmidt. He ment’s report on communication and media; it is is not only active in various research projects, but to be published together with the report in Sum- has also gained considerable media presence for mer 2008. Here, the focus is not on acquiring new the Institute on topics related to Web 2.0. research results, but much rather on a compact and Its capacities permitting, the Institute also comprehensible description spanning all the media promotes international contacts by inviting guest

researchers: Joan Ramon Rodriguez-Amat (Uni- a sufficient quantum of basic research must be versitat de Vic, Barcelona, Spain) a researcher maintained in order to generate ideas and insights into media and politics, has been our guest on a which are relevant for practitioners. The Institute six-month DAAD (German Academic Exchange is engaged in working out plans to meet these Service) scholarship since March 2008 and is goals. This is meant as a response to the recom- completing his doctorate with us on the role of the mendation from the “Wissenschaftsrat” (The media in the construction of mythologies of the German Science and Humanities Council) that a nation. In May / June Marcelo Thompson Mello research institute into communication and media Guimaraes, a lawyer from Rio de Janeiro, worked able to provide continuous and profound advice at at the Institute as a fellow of the Alcatel Lucent a high level for politics, commerce and the general Foundation. He has been pursuing a doctorate at public must continue to flourish. Kellogg College and at the Oxford Internet Insti- That it is also possible at the moment to work tute of the University of Oxford and has presented on fundamental questions alongside projects and his work on the topic of net neutrality at the con- to offer others a professional research infrastruc- ference “Chancengleichheit für Content auf Netz- ture comes about thanks to the long-standing insti- werken und Plattformen“ (Equal Opportunities for tutional sponsors of the Institute: the Free and Content in Networks and on Platforms). Hanseatic City of Hamburg, NDR Media GmbH As in previous years, the present research re- (plc) (the ad sales of the North German Broadcast- port represents an opportunity to thank all col- ing Corporation), WDR Media Group GmbH (plc) leagues in the Institute for their high level of com- (the ad sales of the West German Broadcasting petence and commitment without which the pleth- Corporation), ARD Advertising (the ad sales of ora of activities documented here would not be the Association of Public Broadcasting Corpora- possible, given the rather low ceiling on our staff- tions in the Federal Republic of Germany), the ing. ZDF – The Second German Television Service, As regards its research and knowledge-transfer the broadcaster Deutsche Welle, the Association performance, the Institute has completely ex- of State Media Authorities in the Federal Republic hausted the capacities of its current staffing level. of Germany as well as the Media Foundation The dominant orientation towards project work “Medienstiftung Hamburg / Schleswig-Holstein”. financed by third parties gives the Institute a close contact with practitioners, which is also helpful Hamburg, in July 2008 for its studies. Nevertheless, we are convinced that Uwe Hasebrink, Wolfgang Schulz

CONTENTS

A. THE RESEARCH PROFILE OF THE HANS BREDOW INSTITUTE Working Methods...... 9 Research Foci ...... 9 Digital Games and Online Worlds ...... 9 Media and Health Communication ...... 9 Navigation and Orientation in the Media Society ...... 10 Changes in Media Use...... 10 New Forms of Regulation...... 10 Centre for the History of Broadcasting in North Germany...... 10 Survey of Individual Projects ...... 10 B. RESEARCH PROJECTS 2007/2008 I. THE SYSTEM OF THE MEDIA AND POLITICS 1. The Federal Government Report on Communication and Media...... 11 2. Analysis of the System for the Protection of Minors from Harmful Media – Youth Protection Act and the Interstate Treaty on the Protection of Minors from Harmful Media...... 11 3. The German System for the Protection of Minors in the Area of Video and Computer Games – General Framework, Application and Options for Action ...... 13 4. Professional Monitoring of the Implementation of the Evaluation Results in the Protection of Minors...... 14 5. The International Media Handbook ...... 15 6. Media Users as Parties active in Civil Society ...... 15 Further Projects...... 17 Possiblities for Securing the Public Service externally and internally ...... 17 Research Centre ”European Media and Public Spheres” (EuroMaPS) ...... 17 International Radio Research Network (IREN)...... 18 II. MEDIA AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS LAW 7. The Future Control of Media Concentration...... 19 8. Online Offerings from Public Broadcasters ...... 19 9. Search Engines as Gatekeepers in the Internet ...... 20 10. Present Status and Future of local and regional Television in East Germany...... 21 11. Decisions in Cases of Uncertainty in the Protection of Media for Minors...... 21 12. Copyright in the Information Society – Breaches of Copyright by Search Engines...... 22 13. Obligations to provide Information in Telemedia Law and User-Generated Content...... 22 14. Optimising the E-Learning Programmes at the University of Hamburg which refer to Media Law: “Global Classroom” and “Blackboard”...... 23 15. Product Placements in the Electronic Media...... 23 Further Projects...... 23 Activities in Further Education in Media Law: Seminars for Legal Experts ...... 23 New Forms of Regulation in Media Law...... 24 Reform of Communications and Media Policy ...... 24 Editorial Responsibility in the Guidelines on audiovisual Media Services...... 25

Events ...... 25 Symposium” Equal Opportunity for Content in Networks and on Platforms”...... 25 Conference “Legal Questions concerning Virtual Worlds” ...... 26 Lecture Series: “Hamburg Colloquia on Media and Telecommunications Law”...... 26 Experts’ Seminar “More Faith in Contents –The Potential of Co-and Self-Regulation in the digital Media”.....26 III. MEDIA ORGANISATION AND MEDIA BUSINESS 16. The Influence of financial Investors in the Media Sphere...... 28 17. Navigators and Electronic Programme Guides: the Market in Orientation Guides for digital Television Environments ...... 29 18. Evaluation of the Austrian Television Fund...... 29 19. Evaluation of the Hamburg Media School...... 30 20. The Music Business in Hamburg – Profiles, Trends and Development Opportunities...... 30 Events ...... 31 Lecture Series “Games – The future Perspectives of interactive Offerings in the Media” and “Games online”...... 31 IV. MEDIA OFFERINGS AND MEDIA CULTURE 21. Young People and Web 2.0 ...... 32 22. Scanning Topics in the Internet...... 33 23. Playing in the Net – On the Systematisation of the Phenomenon of “Online-Games”...... 33 24. The Network of Media and Health Communication...... 34 25. Television in Media Competition ...... 34 26. Public Communication as facilitated by the Media from the 1950’s to the 1970’s ...... 35 27. History of Broadcasting in Northern Germany 1945-1955...... 36 28. The Genre of Witnessing: Media, History and the Holocaust...... 37 29. The Literary Programme Offering of the Reichssender Hamburg...... 38 30. Norag and the Culture of the 1920’s in Hamburg...... 38 31. Radio and Youth Cultures in the 1950’s...... 39 32. The “Civil War of the Memories”. Political Days of Remembrance in the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg during the Weimar Republic...... 39 Event ...... 40 Event Series “Nachgedacht – Geisteswissenschaften in Hamburg” [Due Consideration – Humanities in Hamburg] ...... 40 V. USE AND EFFECTS OF THE MEDIA 33. Media Repertoires...... 41 34. Perspectives of Television Use in Digital Media Environments...... 41 35. Information Requirements and Information Searches under the Heading of crossmedial Use and converging Offerings...... 42 36. Convergence from the User's Perspective – the Concept of the Communication Modes...... 42 37. Mapping Europe: Identities, historical relations, media representations – The Case of the Baltic Sea Region...... 43 38. Promoting Health in the Entertainment Format? How Minors perceive and evaluate Health-related Messages in Television Entertainment Programmes ...... 44 39. EUKidsOnline...... 45

Further Projects...... 45 Serious Games for Health...... 45 Evaluation of the Internet Offerings of the MGFFI ...... 46 The Separation of Advertising and editorial Offerings from the Viewer’s Viewpoint ...... 46 The Role of the Media in the EU's Integration of socially-disadvantaged Groups ...... 46 Events ...... 47 Symposium on “Reception and Effects Research: On the Relevance of Research for Praxis and on the Relevance of Praxis for Theory”...... 47 Workshop “IPTV and its Viewers” ...... 47 C. KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER AND SERVICES OFFERED Transfer to Media Politics and Praxis...... 48 Research and Transfer Centre “Games”...... 48 EU Conference “More Faith in Contents”...... 49 Directive on Audiovisual Media Services ...... 49 Control of Opinion Forming Hegemony...... 49 Functional Responsibilites of Public Broadcasters...... 50 Introduction of new Technologies such as DVB-H...... 51 Changes in Media Use...... 51 Transfer to other social Groups...... 51 Event Series “Nachgedacht – Geisteswissenschaften in Hamburg” [Due Consideration – Humanities in Hamburg] ...... 51 Media Enquiries...... 52 The Institute in the WWW...... 52 Library ...... 52 Publications ...... 53 Medien & Kommunikationswissenschaft...... 53 International Media Handbook ...... 53 Publications for Downloading...... 53 Series in the Nomos-Verlag ...... 54 Events ...... 54 D. HISTORY – GOVERNANCE – ORGANS History ...... 55 Governance...... 55 Organs...... 55 E. STAFF OF THE INSTITUTE Research Emphases and Interests of the Academic Staff ...... 56 Honory Member of the Directorate ...... 74 Associate Staff Members ...... 75 Guest Researchers ...... 79 Student Assistants...... 80 Contact ...... 81 Staff and Organisation of the Hans Bredow Institute (by July 2008)...... 82

A. THE RESEARCH PROFILE OF THE HANS BREDOW INSTITUTE

Understanding the influence of the media on eve- set emphases in areas deemed particularly rele- ryday life and on commerce and culture, gauging vant. In cases, where the Institute is convinced developments and risks and developing options that such a thematic focus should consolidate and for taking action – this is the central aim of the structure its work, it makes this line of enquiry Institute’s research. The “Wissenschaftsrat” (The also externally visible as a separate “research pro- German Science and Humanities Council) had gramme”. What follows will sketch the foci cur- already stressed the high level of this research in rently being foregrounded. 1999 and ranked the Institute among the most prestigious specialised research centres in Ger- Digital Games and Online Worlds many; in 2007 the Council emphasised the Insti- Digital games and online worlds are socially rele- tute’s particular standing once again. vant in many respects. They offer the opportunity to compete against, but also to interact and com- Working Methods municate with other people. Increasingly penetrat- ing our everyday life, they influence our percep- The Institute’s research takes place independently, tion of reality. With its corresponding research across disciplines, flexibly and it is oriented to- programme, the Institute is investigating the diffu- wards cooperation; transferring our research re- sion, the use and the functions of digital games sults into praxis, politics and the public sphere is and online worlds and their effects on society. very important to us: Research results get transferred to politics, regula- – Core projects in research develop theoretical tory authorities, businesses and non-profit organi- insights or methods, which are then applied and sations by events and lecture series as well as by developed further in ensuing projects. papers and presentations. The evaluation of the – individual projects analyse current develop- regulations for the protection of minors in the case ments in media. of computer and video games or the analysis of – procedures such as monitoring, coaching and “online games” are examples of these contribu- periodically recurring projects create a basis of tions. information for other parties but also for the Insti- tute itself. Media and Health Communication – insights are worked through and research re- sults communicated in workshops with experts “Media and Health Communication” form the and practitioners. second thematic area for which the Institute has developed a research programme. Health and ill- ness are fundamental parts of living. Not least by Research Foci dint of reducing provision of care, every individ- The Institute’s staff and its organisation are sepa- ual is facing strong demands to look to their own rated into two strands, one jurisprudential and one health and to avoid becoming ill. To do that, they social scientific; within each strand, research pro- need to know appropriate information about be- jects proceed according to their respective theo- haviour that promotes health. The media are par- retical and methodological standards. However, in ticularly significant in this. On one hand, illness accordance with the Institute’s transdisciplinary and health are present as topics in all media, sec- approach, the medium-term research planning tors and genres, and on the other, the spectrum of follows comprehensive thematic foci. With its media offerings, which target health promotion or clearly defined research foci the Institute seeks to prevention of illness, is expanding noticeably.

9 Research Report of the Hans Bredow Institute 2007 / 2008

Navigation and Orientation in the Media Society arises in the face of the dynamic development of the media and which new forms of regulation are “Navigation and Orientation in the Media Soci- respectively appropriate. Core ideas, like “regu- ety” are the key terms for a further research pro- lated self-regulation” develop innovative solutions gramme in planning. They are concerned with the for current problems, for example in the protection social, economic and legal conditions and conse- of minors from harmful media or in the area of quences of navigators and other Meta-Media digitalisation. along with their technical and creative characteris- tics and their contents. To answer these questions, Centre for the History of Broadcasting in North the Institute has already begun on an investigation Germany on Electronic Programme Guides on behalf of the Joint Commission on Digital Access of the Asso- With the Centre for the History of Broadcasting in ciation of State Media Authorities. North Germany, a cooperative project with the University of Hamburg, the NDR and the WDR, Changes in Media Use for the past five years the Institute has been setting directions in the historical research on media de- For several years already, the changes in media velopments. use have represented a focus of the Institute’s work. Here, the interaction of the various media and communication services in converging media Survey of individual Projects contexts is particularly interesting. Currently one As a rule the Institute deploys its research organi- of the projects, supported by the DFG (German sationally in the form of single projects oriented Research Foundation) to investigate the changes towards the research foci named above. The pre- in media repertoires from 1980 to 2005, forms the sent report is also accordingly structured along core of the corresponding activities. individual projects. They are categorised – to en- able easier access – according to the classical New Forms of Regulation research areas 1) the system of the media and New forms of regulation represent a focus of the politics 2) media and telecommunications law 3) Institute’s jurisprudential research. At question is media organisation and media business 4) media how the changes in the media sphere can be le- offerings and media culture and 5) media use and gally structured where a need for legal regulation media effects.

10 B. RESEARCH PROJECTS 2007/2008

I. THE SYSTEM OF THE MEDIA AND POLITICS

Researchers 2007/2008: Hardy Dreier, Stephan Dreyer, Kathleen Grund, Prof. Dr. Uwe Hasebrink (contact person), Anja Herzog, Dr. Claudia Lampert, Christiane Matzen, Dr. Jan-Hinrik Schmidt, Hermann-Dieter Schröder, Dr. Wolfgang Schulz

1. The Federal Government Report on expert workshops, the insights of which were Communication and Media integrated into the report. The research-based section of the report was On behalf of the Federal Government, the Hans already submitted to the Federal Government Bredow Institute has authored a comprehensive Commissioner for Culture and the Media in assessment of the development of media in Ger- Summer 2005. Due to elections held in September many since 1997. It is meant to serve as a basis for of that year, the outgoing Federal Government the Federal Government’s Report on Communica- was not in a position anymore to publish the re- tion and Media. The German Bundestag (Upper port. The new Federal Government Commissioner House of Parliament) requested that the federal for Culture and the Media, State Minister Bernd government produce an appropriate report on the Neumann, confirmed his intention to present a state of the media, which continues the tradition of communication and media report. An updated the Federal Government’s media reports last pub- version of the report was, therefore, submitted to lished in 1998. With this, the Federal Government its commissioning agency at the beginning of announced its intention to establish a database on 2008; publication follows in Summer 2008. the subject of the development of the media and communication system available with these re- Researchers: H. Dreier, S. Dreyer, U. Hasebrink, ports every two years in future. In addition, the J. Schmidt, H.-D. Schröder, W. Schulz report is meant to offer a point of departure for Funding: Federal Government Commissioner for identifying problems in the area of communication Culture and the Media and media early as well as for presenting various solutions. The Federal Government wanted to have these studies conducted by an independent 2. Analysis of the System for the Protection academic institution. of Minors from Harmful Media – Youth The goal of the Hans Bredow Institute’s re- Protection Act and the Interstate Treaty on search-based assessment is to provide a well struc- the Protection of Minors from Harmful tured, comprehensive and neutral source of infor- Media mation, on the basis of which political needs and Carried out from October 2006 to October 2007, options become visible. It is meant to be a sup- this project analyses the current system for the plement to the actual report, which is produced by protection of minors from harmful media as estab- the Federal Government and in which political lished by the Federal Youth Protection Act and the consequences will be formulated. Interstate Treaty on the Protection of Minors from To discuss current media developments and Harmful Media. On the basis of its results, the their effects on society, the Institute arranged five Federal Government and the States intend opti- mizing the system.

11 Research Report of the Hans Bredow Institute 2007 / 2008

The project design aimed at evaluating the way amendment; the concept of regulated self- the processes and organisations prescribed by regulation was accepted by all parties involved. applicable laws are working; the research purpose The study does, however, point to possibilities for was orientated according to the parameters set by improvement in many concrete fields. The 390 – the federal government and the States as well as page final report was submitted to the commis- the States’ declared protocols regarding the Inter- sioning agency in October 2007 and made acces- state Treaty on the Protection of Minors from sible on the Institute’s homepage. Harmful Media. The analysis proceeds in two Researchers: I. Brunn, S. Dreyer, U. Hasebrink, T. stages, an analysis of adequacy and one of com- Held, C. Lampert, C. Scheunert, W. Schulz pliance. In the analysis of adequacy, the processes re- Funding: Bundesministerium für Familie, formed in the law’s stipulations were examined Senioren, Frauen und Jugend (BMFSFJ) with a view to the extent to which they are ade- (Federal Ministry for Family Affairs, Senior quate for achieving the particular regulatory goal Citizens, Women and Youth) in consultation in question – that is, the specific regulatory pur- with the Federal States. pose with due regard to constitutional law. In the Publications: areas of particular reference, the analysis of ade- Hans Bredow Institute (ed.) (2007): Analyse des quacy was intended to demonstrate inherent Jugendmedienschutzsystems – Jugendschutzgesetz und weaknesses in the system for the protection of Jugendmedienschutz-Staatsvertrag. Endbericht [Analysis of the System for the Protection of Minors from Harmful minors and to assess the assignment of regulatory Media – Youth Protection Act and the Interstate Treaty on competencies, the areas of application of the legal the Protection of Minors from Harmful Media. Final Report], October 2007, Hamburg, www.hans-bredow- frameworks and the inclusion of regimes for self- institut.de/forschung/recht/ 071030Jugendschutz- Endbericht.pdf. regulation. Alongside this, findings on acceptabil- Brunn, I.; Dreyer, S. (2007): Jugendschutz für Spiele – ein ity on the part of relevant agents and addressees Spiel für den Jugendschutz? Was die Novellierung des Ju- gendmedienschutzes dem Bereich der Video- und Compu- are to be determined through workshops, group terspiele gebracht hat [Protection of Minors Regarding and individual interviews with parents, minors and Games – a Game for the Protection of Minors? What the Amendment of the Protection of Minors from Harmful disseminating agencies in media-pedagogy as well Media Has Brought to the Area of Video and Computer as through interviews with experts. The qualitative Games]. In: politik und kultur – Zeitung des Deutschen Kulturrates 1/2008, pp. 37-38. enquiry with parents, minors and pedagogical Brunn, I.; Dreyer, S. (2008): Jugendschutz für Spiele – ein counsellors was performed by the JFF – Institute Spiel für den Jugendschutz? Was die Novellierung des Ju- gendmedienschutzes dem Bereich der Video- und Compu- for Media Pedagogy in Research and Practice terspiele gebracht hat [Protection of Minors and Games – a (JFF – Institut für Medienpädagogik in Forschung Game for the Protection of Minors? What the Amendment of the Protection of Minors from Harmful Media Has und Praxis, München). Brought to the Area of Video and Computer Games]. In: The analysis of compliance which builds on O. Zimmermann, T. Geißler (Eds.), Streitfall Computer- spiele: Computerspiele zwischen kultureller Bildung, these results is intended to assess how far the pro- Kunstfreiheit und Jugendschutz. 2nd ed. Berlin, pp. 70-73. posed regulations stand up in practice and to es- Hasebrink, U. (2008): Zappen, surfen, simsen – Jugendme- dienschutz im Mediendschungel. Überlegungen aus der tablish what weaknesses result in practice, also Perspektive der Mediennutzungsforschung [Zapping, Sur- regarding how suitable the criteria for the protec- fing, Texting – the Protection of Minors from Harmful Media in the Media Jungle. Reflections from the Perspec- tion of minors are in praxis and how well supervi- tive of Research into Media Use]. In: T. Dörken-Kucharz sion performs. Reasons for possible weaknesses (Ed.), Medienkompetenz. Zauberwort oder Leerformel des Jugendmedienschutzes. Baden-Baden, pp. 109-115. are to be established via case studies and openings Hasebrink, U.; Lampert, C. (2008): Jugendmedienschutz im for improvements identified. Netzwerk. Plädoyer für eine integrative Perspektive [Net- working for the Protection of Minors from Harmful Me- The overall result of the analysis is that the dia. Advocating an Integrative Perspective]. In: medien + protection of young people from harmful media erziehung, vol. 52, no. 1, pp. 10-17. Schulz, W.; Dreyer, S. (2007): Community-Laws als Ausweg has improved fundamentally through the 2003 aus dem Web 2.0-Dilemma? Nutzergenerierte Inhalte als Herausforderung für den Jugendmedienschutz [Communi-

12 Research Projects „The System of the Media and Politics“

ty Laws as a Way out of the Web 2.0 Dilemma? User- the Orientation towards Consumption – a Cause of Criminality generated Contents as a Challenge to the Protection of Mi- or a Collateral Effect of it? Participation by W. Schulz in the nors from Harmful Media]. In: tendenz 3/2007, pp. 14-15. Panel on “Challenge: Prevention-Strategies against Crminality Schulz, W.; Dreyer, S. (2008): Die Ergebnisse der wissen- in Young People and Children”] at the Ministry of Justice of schaftlichen Evaluation des Jugendmedienschutzes aus Northrhine-Westphalia on 13 December 2007 in Düsseldorf. rechtlicher Sicht [The Results of the Evaluation of the Pro- tection of Minors from Harmful Media from a Legal “Was bleibt? Was ändert sich?” [What Remains? What Viewpoint]. In: medien + erziehung (merz), no. 1/2008, Changes?], lecture by W. Schulz on the analysis and evaluation pp. 39-46. of the current regulations for the protection of minors in the context of the media days on 8 November in Munich. Event: “Analyse des Jugendschutzsystems – Eine problemorientierte “Analyse des Jugendmedienschutzes – Jugendschutzgesetz und Projektvorstellung” [Analysis of the System for the Protection Jugendmedienschutz-Staatsvertrag” [Analysis of the Protection of Minors – A Project Concept Orientated Towards Issues], lecture by W. Schulz in the context of the joint annual meeting of Minors from Harmful Media – Youth Protection Act and the of specialists in protection of minors of the higher authority for Interstate Treaty on the Protection of Minors from Harmful protection of minors at the Freiwillige Selbstkontrolle der Media], Workshop for involved parties on 1 and 2 February Filmwirtschaft (FSK) and of the assessors of the Freiwillige 2007 in Hamburg. Selbstkontrolle Fernsehen (FSF) “Children’s Film – Children’s Television” on 26 April 2007 in Stuttgart. Lectures: „Jugendmedienschutz in Deutschland. Regulierungskonzept, Ausgestaltung und Erfahrungen“ [The Protection of Minors 3. The German System for the Protection of from Harmful Media in Germany. The Regulatory Concept, the Structuring and the Experiences Gained], lecture by S. Minors in the Area of Video and Computer Dreyer in the context of the event “projuventute Jugendmedi- Games – General Framework, Application enschutzdialog“ on 18 April 2008 in Bern. and Options for Action „Ein Netz für Kinder“, Kuratoriumssitzung mit W. Schulz in Bezug auf die Förderung von Kinderinternetangeboten in der Reacting to the current relevance of the topic and Thüringer Staatskanzlei [“The Net for Children”, Curatorium Session with W. Schulz in Relation to the Promotion of Offer- in the course of the evaluation of the system for ings for Children on the Internet in the Thuringian State Chan- the Protection of Minors from Harmful Media cellory] on 8 February in Erfurt. (JMStV and JuSchG; compare project No. 2), the “Analyse des Jugendmedienschutzsystems” [The Analysis of the System for the Protection of Minors from Harmful Media], Hans Bredow Institute had brought forward the Presentation of the Evaluation Results by W. Schulz on 24 analytical procedures it intended in the area of January 2008 before the Select Committee on New Media in Berlin. screen-based games and has widened the scope of Teilnahme von W. Schulz an der Klausurtagung der Arbeits- the investigation. The corresponding report was gemeinschaft FSFJ der CDU-Bundestagsfraktion und der submitted at the end of June 2007. Hamburger CDU-Bürgerschaftsfraktion [Participation by W. Schulz in the closed Symposium of the Working Group FSFJ The investigation proceeded via four steps: of the CDU Parliamentary Party and the Hamburg CDU Con- analysis of the framework for the protection of stituency Party] on 11 February 2008 in Hamburg. minors in the area of video and computer games, „Evaluierung des Jugendmedienschutzsystems – Ergebnisse (2) analysis of adequacy and compliance, (3) De- der Untersuchung im Auftrag des BMFSFJ und der Jugend- ministerien der Länder“ [Evaluating the System for the Protec- piction of the general framework according to tion of Minors from Harmful Media –Results of the Investiga- tion of the BMFSFJ and the States’ Ministeries of Youth constitutional law, (4) analysis of deficits, analysis Affairs], lecture by T. Held at the event “Next Generation of suggestions for reform and development of Jugendmedienschutz?” of the “kölner forum medienrecht” on 23 January 2008 in Cologne. options for action for optimising the protection of minors in the case of video and computer games. “Analyse des Jugendmedienschutzsystems – Jugendschutzge- setz und Jugendmedienschutz-Staatsvertrag: Vorstellung der On the basis of the existing results, the deficits Untersuchungsergebnisse mit Relevanz für die FSK- established in the protection of minors in the case Prüferinnen und Prüfer” [Analysis of the Protection of Minors from Harmful Media – Youth Protection Act and the Interstate of video and computer games and their possible Treaty on the Protection of Minors from Harmful Media”: Presentation of the Results of the Investigation with Particular causes were collated. Relevance for the FSK Examiners], lecture by S. Dreyer in the Following on from that, options for action context of the FSK Examiners’ symposium on 17 December 2007 in Wiesbaden. were developed, which could be considered in the case of legal or factual deficits, or of those related “Mediennutzung und Konsumorientierung – Auslöser oder Begleiter von Kriminalität“, Teilnahme von W. Schulz an der to execution, in achieving effective protection for Gesprächsrunde „Herausforderung: Prävention – Strategien minors. gegen Kinder- und Jugendkriminalität [The Use of Media and

13 Research Report of the Hans Bredow Institute 2007 / 2008

Researchers: W. Schulz, U. Hasebrink, C. lecture by W. Schulz in the context of the lecture series “Games – Zukunftsperspektiven interaktiver Medienangebote” Lampert, T. Held, H. Dreier, S. Dreyer, I. [Games –Future Perspectives for Interative Media Offerings] Brunn on 4 July 2007 in Hamburg. Funding: Bundesministerium für Familie, Senioren, Frauen und Jugend (BMFSFJ) 4. Academic Monitoring of the (Federal Ministry for Family Affairs, Senior Implementation of the Evaluation Results Citizens, Women and Youth) in the Protection of Minors System

Publications: After the Hans Bredow Institute carried out the Brunn, I.; Dreier, H.; Dreyer, S.; Hasebrink, U.; Held, T.; research-based evaluation of the JMStV and the Lampert, C.; Schulz, W. (2007): Das deutsche Jugend- JuSchG and prepared the content for the roundta- schutzsystem im Bereich der Video- und Computerspiele. Hamburg [The German System for the Potection of Mi- ble discussion “Jugendschutzgesetz – Verbesse- nors against Harmful Media in the Area of Video and rung des gesetzlichen Vollzugs” [Youth Protec- Computer Games], Hamburg, www.hans-bredow- institut.de/presse/070628 Endbericht.pdf. tion Act – Improvement of the legal enforcement] Schulz, W.; Dreyer, S. (2007): Möglichkeiten und Grenzen in November 2007, the Federal Government and gesetzlicher Jugendschutzvorgaben. Über das Verhältnis von Recht und Realität im Jugendmedienschutz. Artikel the States are now working together to optimise im Dossier „Verbotene Spiele?“ der Bundeszentrale für performance in both areas. The crash programme politische Bildung [Possibilities and Limits of Legal Stipu- lations for the Protection of Minors. On the Relation of of the Federal Minister for Youth and of the Law to Reality in the Protection of Minors against Harm- Northrhine-Westphalian Minister for Youth as ful Media. Article in the Dossier “Forbidden Games?“ of the Federal Agency for Civic Education“]; accessible at well as the suggestions discussed at the round www.bpb.de/themen/DKZ table are pointing the first steps along a path to- CBJ,0,0,Verbotene_Spiele.html. Schulz, W.; Dreyer, S. (2007): Verfassungsrecht und Jugend- wards application. medienschutz. Staatlicher Schutzauftrag und entgegenste- The ensuing project for monitoring the imple- hende Grundrechte. Artikel im Dossier „Verbotene Spie- le?“ der Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung [Constituti- mentation of the results from the evaluation of the onal Law and the Protection of Minors against Harmful protection of minors is intended to provide a re- Media. The State’s Responsibility to Protect and Conflict- ing Basic Rights. Article in the Dossier “Forbidden search-based monitoring of the political discus- Games?“ of the Federal Agency for Civic Education“]; ac- cessible at www.bpb.de/themen/DKZCBJ,0,0,Verbotene_ sion on the basis of the results from the evaluation Spiele.html. and the round table and to coordinate the applica- tion of the results in cooperation with the Federal Lectures: Government and the States. Alongside the coordi- “Computerspiele – Ergebnisse der Analyse des Jugendmedien- schutzsystems” [Computer Games –Results of the Analysis of nating measures, project’s activities involve con- the System for the Protection of Minors against Harmful Me- sultation and assessment regarding various condi- dia], lecture by W. Schulz in the context of the Medientreff- punkt Mitteldeutschland [Media Meeting Point for Mid- tions governing application, for instance, as re- Germany] on 6 May in Leipzig. gards practical problems in introducing cash regis- “‘Killer’-Spiele: Wegsehen? Verbieten? Verharmlosen?” ter systems with warning functions or the training [‘Killer’ Games: Ignore? Forbid? Play Down?], Participation and level of knowledge of retailing staff. Along- in podium discussion by S. Dreyer in the context of the sympo- sium of the working group for the protection of minors Ham- side this, the options for an improved monitoring burg and the North Elbe Evangelical Office for Young People of enforcement are to be worked out and discussed on 7 December 2007 in Hamburg. with the parties involved. “Das deutsche Jugendschutzsystem im Bereich der Video- und Against the background of discussions in aca- Computerspiele – Rahmenbedingungen, Umsetzungen und Handlungsoptionen” [The German System for the Protection of demic, political and social spheres on the protec- Minors in the Area of Video and Computer Games – General tion of minors against harmful media in the area Framework, Applications and Options for Action]. of video and computer games, the Institute is also Participation by W. Schulz in the session of the sub-committee on new media on 5 July 2007 in Berlin. organising the European symposium: “More Fun, “Games als Gegenstand des Jugendschutzes” [Games as a More Risk? Video- und Computerspiele als Subject for the Protection of Minors against Harmful Media], Herausforderung für den Jugendschutz” [Video

14 Research Projects „The System of the Media and Politics“

and Computer Games as a Challenge to the Pro- material in the areas of press, broadcasting and tection of Minors against Harmful Media] on online media will be more closely examined. 16/17 October 2008 in Berlin which aims at a In parts B and C (Media in Europe, Media out- Europe-wide exchange taking place on the current side of Europe) the developments of media in status of research as well as on best-practice- individual states will be described and will in- models in media-pedagogy and in regulation. volve efforts to extend the reporting to countries as yet not covered, above all in Africa and Asia. Researchers: S. Dreyer, U. Hasebrink, T. Held, T. The authors of the reports on countries, experts Ihler, C. Lampert, W. Schulz from the respective countries or persons knowl- Funding: Bundesministerium für Familie, edgeable about the local media systems will de- Senioren, Frauen und Jugend (BMFSFJ) scribe for each of the three areas of print, broad- [Federal Ministry for Family Affairs, Senior casting and online the following dimensions: legal Citizens, Women and Youth] and historical bases, organisation and financing of Event: providers, offerings and use, recent developments. “Jugendschutzgesetz – Verbesserung des gesetzlichen Voll- The reports on countries will be augmented by an zugs“ [Law on the Protection of Minors- Improvement of analysis on the status of developments in conver- Legal Enforcement], round table at the invitation of the federal gence with their consequences for the three areas minister for family affairs on 28 November 2007 in Berlin. named, through citing of contact addresses for the most important media institutions and agencies, 5. The International Media Handbook references to literature and pertinent links to fur- After a lengthy hiatus since the last edition of the ther information. Handbook had appeared in 2004, the Institute To improve the comparability of the informa- decided to begin work on a new edition, despite tion on individual countries, it is intended to also the still unclear state of finances, to avoid cancel- include in the new edition standardised tables in ling the globally unique project without notice. As the individual reports – an intention which has in the Nomos Verlag only carries the cost of produc- practice run into difficulties due to the very dispa- tion as well as a portion of the authors’ fees and rate conditions of data. costs for translation, the main burden of concep- A selected bibliography (Part D) will round off tual and, above all, editorial work rests with the the handbook and will enable users to engage Institute in financial terms as well. This service is, more deeply with individual themes. however, no longer tenable for the Institute alone, The new IHM is planned to appear in autumn so that various possibilities for attracting support- 2008. ing sponsorship and also the possibility of a pure Compilers: C. Matzen, A. Herzog, K. Grund, with English-language publication have been, and are contributions from N. Landeck et al. still being, considered and pursued. As usual, the new edition of the International Publication: Handbook provides comprehensive information Hans Bredow Institute (Ed.) (in preparation): Internationales Handbuch Medien (International Media Handbook). on the most important current developments in the Baden-Baden. areas of print, broadcasting and online-services worldwide. In Part A, across the board contribu- 6. Media Users as Parties active in Civil tions and general surveys and analyses will pre- Society sent transnational developments and general lines of development, in which individual aspects of Users of media belong to those groups without a legal and economic development and of available strong institutional base, which find it difficult to have their voices heard vis-à-vis media companies

15 Research Report of the Hans Bredow Institute 2007 / 2008

and media politics and to bring their interests into Hasebrink, U; Herzog, A.; Eilders, C.: Media users’ par- ticipation in Europe from a civil society perspective. debates on media politics and into the program- Eilders, C.; Hasebrink, U.; Herzog, A. (2006): Das aktive Publikum. Institutionalisierung zivilgesellschaftlicher ming of the media business. In the context of a Kontrolle des Fernsehens auf europäischer Ebene [The cooperation project with partners from several Active Audience. The Institutionalisation of Control of Television by Civil Society on a European Level]. In: W. European countries being sponsored by the EU R. Langenbucher; M. Latzer (Eds.), Europäische Öffent- Commission, the Institute has investigated which lichkeit und medialer Wandel [European Public Sphere and Medial Change], Wiesbaden, pp. 330-351. instruments for promoting and securing the inter- Hasebrink, U. (2008): Das multiple Publikum. Paradoxien im ests of viewers have been developed in 29 coun- Verhältnis von Journalismus und Mediennutzung [The Multiple Audience. Paradoxes in the Relation of Journal- tries and which models and initiatives have proved ism and Media Use]. In: B. Pörksen; W. Loosen; A. Scholl particularly durable. (Eds.), Paradoxien des Journalismus. Theorie – Empirie – Praxis [Paradoxes of Journalism. Theory – Empiricism – Building on the results of this project, the In- Praxis]. Wiesbaden: VS-Verlag, pp. 513-530. stitute has developed a concept for a project in the Hasebrink, U. (2007): “Public Value”: Leitbegriff oder Nebel- kerze in der Diskussion um den öffentlich-rechtlichen 7th EU Framework Programme in cooperation Rundfunk? [“Public Value“: Core Concept or Smoke- with partners in Bulgaria, Greece, Great Britain, screen in the Discussion on Public Service Broadcasting?] In: Rundfunk und Geschichte, 33. year, nos. 1-2, pp. 38- Italy, Spain and Switzerland. The concept picks 42. up the new form of research promotion “Research Hasebrink, U. (2007): Mediennutzer als Akteure der Medien- politik [Media Users as Active Participants in Media Poli- for the benefit of social groups”; in line with this, tics]. In: O. Jarren; P. Donges (Eds.), Ordnung durch Me- EURALVA, the European Alliance of Listeners dienpolitik? [Order through Media Politics?] Konstanz: UVK, pp. 303-324. and Viewers Associations, among others, belongs Herzog, A.; Hasebrink, U. (2007): User Participation and to the project’s consortium. Alongside conceptual Media Accountability in Central and Eastern Europe. In: S. Jedrezejewski (Ed.), The Medium with Promising Fu- and empirical steps towards investigating the pre- ture. Radio in Central and Eastern European Countries. conditions, limitations and the possibilities for Lublin: Wydawnictwo KUL, pp. 35-50. Herzog, A.; Hasebrink, U.; Eilders, C. (2006): Medien- promotion of a role for media users in accord with Qualitäten aus der Sicht des Publikums. Europas Medien- civil society, the concept aims at founding a nutzer zwischen Konsum, Kritik und Partizipation [Media Qualities from the Audience’s Viewpoint. Europe’s Media “European Platform for Media Citizens”. Users between Consumption, Criticism and Participation]. In: S. Weischenberg; W. Loosen; M. Beuthner (Eds.), Me- With regard to the current media-political dis- dien-Qualitäten. Öffentliche Kommunikation zwischen cussions in Germany, the Institute contributes ökonomischem Kalkül und Sozialverantwortung [Media Qualities. Public Communication between Economic Cal- insights gained within the context of this project to culation and Social Reponsibility]. Konstanz, pp. 399-414. the considerations about a testing mechanism for “Public Value”- as well as about the options for Lectures: continuous monitoring of the quality of media “European Citizens as Media Users”, lecture by A. Herzog at the workshop of the Institute for Human Sciences “Towards a offerings from the audience’s point of view. European Public Space. International workshop on European media networking” on 8 November 2007 in Vienna. Researchers: U. Hasebrink, A. Herzog “Equal Opportunities for Whom? How Researchers and Politi- Funding: European Commission, E-Learning cians Construct Citizens, Media Users, and Audiences”. Key- note speech by U. Hasebrink at the ECREA Symposium 2007 Programmes on the topic of “Equal Opportunities and Communication Rights: Representation, Participation and the European De- Publications: mocratic Deficit” on 11 October 2007 in Brussels.” Baldi, P. (Ed.) (2005): Broadcasting and Citizens. Viewers’ Participation and Media Accountability in Europe. Rome. “The Frameworks of Public Service Broadcasting: Citizenship Including: and Accountability”, lecture by U. Hasebrink at the EU- Hasebrink, U; Herzog, A.: Country Report Austria. RALVA / SLS conference “Broadcasters and Citizens” on 9 Herzog, A.: Country Reports Bulgaria, Czech Republic, October 2007 in Copenhagen. Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, Poland, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland. “How to Organise Media Accountability? Structures and Baldi, P.; Hasebrink, U. (Eds.) (2006): Broadcasters and Citi- Procedures of User Participation in Europe”, lecture by U. zens in Europe. Trends in media accountability and viewer Hasebrink and A. Herzog in the context of the working group participation. Bristol: Intellect. on European public service broadcasting policies at the Including: IAMCR conference on 24 July 2007 in Paris.

16 Research Projects „The System of the Media and Politics“

“Accountability of Broadcasters. Current Issues of European “The Frameworks of Public Service Broadcasting: Citizenship Public Service Broadcasting”, lecture by U. Hasebrink at the and Accountability”, Paper at the EURALVA / SLS Confer- public service broadcasting workshop of the Centre for Re- ence “Broadcasters and Citizens” on 9 October 2007 in Co- search on Socio-Cultural Change (CRESC) in London on 9 penhagen. March 2007. “Public Value – im Dienst der Bürger. Der Beitrag des öffent- lich-rechtlichen Rundfunks zur gesellschaftlichen Wertschöp- fung in Europa” [Public Value – at the Service of the Citizen. The Contribution of Public Broadcasting to the Formation of Public Values in Europe), lecture by U. Hasebrink at the FURTHER ACTIVITIES Münchener Medientage [Media Days] on 18 October 2006.

“Public Service Broadcasters and Strategies for Democratic Further Projects Participation”, Hearing with W. Schulz in the context of the hearing of the European Council on Strategies of Public Ser- vice Broadcasting in the Information Society on 3 November Possiblities for Securing the Public Service 2005 in Strasbourg. externally and internally “Public Broadcasting in the Information Society”, Hearing with U. Hasebrink in the context of the eponymous expert In the face of social changes, the question as to the group of the European Council, 2./3 May 2005 in Strasbourg. securing of channels which maintain, alongside “Gremien – gesellschaftliche Kontrolleure mit Biss?” [Com- the purely commercial feedback (“quotas”), pro- mittees – Public Watchdogs with Teeth?], Participation by U. duction in broadcasting sensitive to social de- Hasebrink in a podium discussion in the context of the confer- ence ‘50 Years of the Broadcasting Council – Dedicated to the mands, is one closely linked with that as to the Public” of the WDR Broadcasting on 2 March 2005 in Düssel- future of “Public Service”. The topic shapes the dorf. research of the Institute in individual projects, but it also constantly runs parallel to them as an inde- Research Centre ”European Media and Public pendent question. Currently involved in it are Spheres” (EuroMaPS) considerations on models aiming to strengthen the Several staff members of the Hans Bredow Insti- corpus of public institutions or to seek additions to tute are participating in the Research Centre them. “European Media and Public Spheres” (Euro- Researchers: W. Schulz, U. Hasebrink, T. Held MaPS), founded in 2001 at the University of Hamburg. The aim of EuroMaPS it to enhance Publications: cooperation among the researchers in Hamburg, Hasebrink, U. (2007): “Public Value”: Leitbegriff oder Nebel- kerze in der Diskussion um den öffentlich-rechtlichen who are dealing with the urgent questions of the Rundfunk? [“Public Value”: Core Concept or Smoke- process of European unification and the role of the screen in the Discussion on Public Service Broadcasting?]. In: Rundfunk und Geschichte, 33. year, nos. 1-2, pp.38-42. media within it. Schulz, W. (2008): Der Programmauftrag als Prozess seiner The Centre coordinates the activities of its Begründung: Vorschläge zu Verfahren und Organisation des “Drei-Stufen-Tests“ zur Selbstkonkretisierung des members as they relate to Europe, promotes ex- Funktionsauftrags öffentlich-rechtlicher Rundfunkanstal- changes between different research disciplines and ten [The Programming Commission as the Process of its own Justification. Suggestions for the Process and Organi- also with media practitioners and seeks stronger sation of the “Three Step Test” for the Self-Concretisation international cooperation with foreign colleagues. of the Functioning Commission of Public Broadcasting In- stitutions], Berlin, www.hans-bredow- Since the winter term 2002/2003, the Centre has institut.de/forschung/recht/ mounted the series “Discussions about Europe”, FES080310WS_Drei_Stufen.pdf Schulz, W. (2008): Freiraum gestalten: Vorschläge zur Organi- which caters for students from all disciplines and sation des “Drei- Stufen-Tests“ [Creating Room to Move: interested members of the public. Here researchers Suggestions for Organising the “Three Step Test”], epd medien, No. 9, pp. 3-10. and media practitioners from Europe are invited as the opportunity arises. Lectures/ Events: The Centre currently has two areas of particu- “Offene Flanken des zweiten Rundfunkgebührenurteils” [Open Flanks of the Second Judgement on Broadcasting Fees], Po- lar emphasis in its activities: on one hand, in the dium discussion with W. Schulz in the context of the media context of the EU’s Erasmus Mundus programme meetingpoint Mid-Germany on 6 May 2008 in Leipzig.

17 Research Report of the Hans Bredow Institute 2007 / 2008

its members participate in the Masters Programme means to enliven radio research in Europe: sum- “Journalism and Media within Globalization: The mer schools and international conferences on ra- European Perspective”, which is offered jointly dio have been organised – in April 2004 in Bor- with the universities of Århus, Amsterdam, Lon- deaux, in 2005 in Seville, in 2006 in Bilbao, Lub- don and Swansea www.mundusjournalism.com). lin and Brussels. In addition, a database is being On the other, EuroMaPS places particular empha- constructed to be searchable online and to provide sis on the topic area of “risk communication”. information about European radio systems as well as about the publications of European researchers Researchers: Hasebrink, A. Herzog, H. Domeyer into radio (www.iren-info.org). In addition, mem- Lectures: bers of the project have founded a Radio Research “New Media and European Public Spheres”, lecture by U. Section in the framework of the European Com- Hasebrink at the Bucerius Law School on 28 May 2008 in Hamburg. munication Research and Education Association (ECREA; http://sections.ecrea.eu/RR/index.html). “European Media, European Audiences, European Public th Spheres”, lecture by U. Hasebrink in the Context of the MCM Funding from the EU for the 6 Framework Pro- lectures series at the University of Salzburg on 8 January 2008. gramme ran out at the end of 2006. In the 7th Framework Programme, the partner organisations International Radio Research Network (IREN) have applied for funding for a comparative re- In comparison to other media, radio enjoys little search project under the title “Creativity, Culture, attention among researchers; it appears that the and Democracy: the Role of Radio”. most-used medium is such a routine accompani- Researchers: U. Hasebrink, A. Herzog ment to the day that there is no need to bother th about it. Together with 13 partner organisations Funding: European Commission, 6 Framework from ten European countries, the Institute wants to Programme, Coordination Action promote interest in research into radio and to draw more attention to it through the international net- Further Lecture working of researchers into radio. At the same “Zwischen Präsentieren, Vorführen und Ausblenden: Zum time, a basis was to be created for intensifying medialen Umgang mit der NPD” [Between Presenting, Ex- comparative research into radio. plaininging and Fading Out: on the Medial Treatment of the NPD], lecture and chair by U. Hasebrink at a discussion of the To this end, an “International Radio Research Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung on 17 April 2007 in Rostock. Network” was founded, which is trying by various

18 II. MEDIA AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS LAW

Researchers 2007/2008: Inka Brunn, Stephan Dreyer, Stefan Heilmann, RA Dr. Thorsten Held, Thorsten Ihler, Stefanie Lefeldt, Dr. Wolfgang Schulz (consulting), Felix Zimmermann

Associates 2007/2008: Arne Laudien, RA Dr. Till Kreutzer, Thilo Wind, Malte Ziewitz

Freelance 2007/2008: Sascha Arnold, Christine Scheunert

7. The Future of the Control of Media Schulz, W.; Held, T. (2006): Kontrolle vorherrschender Mein- ungsmacht in der Informationsgesellschaft [The Control of Concentration Dominant Opinion-forming Capacity in the Information Soci- ety]. Berlin. Not just since the publishing house Axel-Springer- Verlag was refused a majority shareholding in 8. Online Offerings from Public Broadcasters ProSieben SAT.1 Media AG have the regulation and the processes of controlling concentration in The 12th Amendment of the State Treaty on the media field been the subject of jurisprudential Changes to Broadcasting (Rundfunkänderungs- and juridical policy-making discussions. Ambigui- staatsvertrag) amends the legal framework for the ties exist above all, when so-called cross-media activities of the broadcasting institutions. The new integration is included (that is, for instance, broad- regulation takes into account the agreement be- casting and the press): is the current focus on tween the Federal Republic of Germany and the broadcasting still appropriate? What significance European Commission on cooperative measures. accrues to online and mobile offerings in this con- The constitutional demands on the drafting of the text? How can an unambiguous legal situation and functional requirement as regards new services are security at law be guaranteed for the benefit of all the subject of the project completed in 2007. Be- involved parties? yond the area of online offerings criteria were After the Institute had offered suggestions for developed, which make possible the legal assess- developing the control of concentration further, an ment of the broadcasting institutions’ services on analysis was made in 2007 for the Commission on digital platforms. Moving on from the interpreta- Concentration in the Media (Kommission zur tion of the constitutional concept of broadcasting, Ermittlung der Konzentration im Medienbereich where it is demonstrated that it is not a question of KEK) on the legislative reaction in other countries categorisation as “presentation”, the relevance of to cross-media connections. online-services for the lawmakers’ drafting was investigated. In this, insights from communica- Researchers: W. Schulz, T. Held tions and business studies were included, and it Commissioned by: Kommission zur Ermittlung was demonstrated that, on one hand, particular der Konzentration im Medienbereich (KEK) online services show a high degree of relevance in [Commission on Concentration in the Media] the forming of opinions and, on the other, with commercial offerings structural deficits also exist Publications: The State Media Authorities (Ed.) (2007): Crossmediale Ver- in the internet as regards the fulfilment of the con- flechtungen als Herausforderung für die Konzentrationskon- stitutional stipulations. The next step was to ana- trolle. Bericht der Kommission zur Ermittlung der Konzentra- tion im Medienbereich (KEK) [Crossmedial Interconnections lyse the services for which the structural peculiari- as a Challenge for the Control of Concentration. Report of the ties of public broadcasting are relevant (function- Commission on Concentration in the Media]. Berlin. ally relevant services) and which services the

19 Research Report of the Hans Bredow Institute 2007 / 2008

broadcasting institutions have to offer, in order to provider with dominant market power and the be able to fulfil the commission laid upon them transparency of commercial communications under changed technical and social conditions as (keyword: procured search engine results) well (functionally necessary services). With the As a first step, the Institute produced a study question as to the functionally relevant services, against the background of the stipulations of con- the particular production logic of public broad- stitutional law and investigated how far the hith- casting was considered. Procedural rules for the erto existing regulations under the law on broad- adoption of new services were equally elucidated casting and telecommunications, but also those on and the extent to which the broadcasting institu- competition and antitrust are already appropriate tions themselves are subject to the constitution for meeting these problem areas. was investigated. In an ensuing investigation, it was a question of the protection of search engine indexes from Researcher: T. Held censorship, and of doing that through self- and co- Publication: regulation too. As search engines represent a cen- Held, T. (2008): Online-Angebote öffentlich-rechtlicher Rund- tralised access, they are also open to control funkanstalten – Eine Untersuchung des verfassungsrecht- lich geprägten und einfachgesetzlich ausgestalteten Funk- measures – from understandable but also unjusti- tionsauftrags öffentlich-rechtlichen Rundfunks im Hin- fied motives – so that this question is by no means blick auf Internet-Dienste [Online Offerings from Public Broadcasters – an Investigation of the Constitutionally- only of a theoretical nature. determined and Sub-constitutionally Drafted Functional Commission of Public Broadcasting with Reference to In- Researchers: W. Schulz, T. Held, A. Laudien ternet Services]. Baden-Baden. Funding: Landesanstalt für Medien Nordrhein- Westfalen LfM (Media authority of 9. Search Engines as Gatekeepers in the Northrhine-Westphalia) Internet Publications: Alongside the traditional media, online services Schulz, W.; Held, T.; Laudien, A. (2005): Suchmaschinen als are becoming more important in forming public Gatekeeper der öffentlichen Kommunikation – Rechtliche and individual opinion. As the commitment to Anforderungen an Zugangsoffenheit und Transparenz bei Suchmaschinen im WWW [Search Engines as Gatekee- protection, deriving from Article 5, paragraph 1, pers of Public Communication – Legal Demands on Open section 2 of the Basic Constitutional Law, refers Access and Transparency with Search Engines in the WWW). Berlin (LfM-Schriftenreihe Nr. 49). to the entire field of public communications, not Schulz, W.; Held, T. (2007): Der Index auf dem Index? Selbst- only the potential but also the dangers of these zensur und Zensur bei Suchmaschinen [The Index on the Index? Censorship and Self-Censorship with Search En- services must be considered in designing commu- gines]. In: M. Machill, M. Beiler (Ed.), Die Macht der nications policy. Suchmaschinen – The Power of Search Engines. Köln, pp. 71-86. Search engines as aids in the area of providing access to contents in the Internet take a central Lectures: position here. Through their sway over selection “Der Index auf dem Index? Selbstzensur und Zensur bei Suchmaschinen “ [“The Index on the Index? Self-censorship and sorting of the pages displayed and through the and Censorship at Search Engines”], lecture by T. Held and W. associated canalisation of the information flow, Schulz at the workshop “The Rising Power of Search-Engines search engines gain communicational and eco- on the Internet: Impacts on Users, Media Policy, and Media Business” on 26 June 2006 in Berlin. nomic power. Here, the user can only rarely dis- “Weltmacht Suchmaschine”, Diskussionsrunde des Fritz-Erler- cern the principles by which the information proc- Forums Baden-Württemberg [“The Search Engine as World essing has proceeded. The survey examines the Power”, a panel discussion at the Fritz-Erler-Forum Baden- general legal framework in the four areas it identi- Württemberg] with W. Schulz on 15 April 2008 in Stuttgart. fies in this context: the way providers permit ac- “Vertrauenswürdige Anbieter: Wer bietet verlässliche und vielfältige Informationen in der digitalen Welt und wie finden cess to search engines, the prevention of a domi- Nutzer den Zugang zu diesen Informationen?” [“Trustworthy nant influence on public opinion in the face of a Providers: Who Offers Dependable and Varied Information in

20 Research Projects „Media and Telecommunications Law“

the Digital World and How Do Users Get Access to this In- deutschland [Present Status and Future of Local and Regi- formation?”] Moderation of the working group 2 by W. Schulz onal Television in East Germany] Berlin: Vistas. at the symposium “Mehr Vertrauen in Inhalte – Das Potenzial von Co- und Selbstregulierung in den digitalen Medien” [More Lecture: Faith in Contents – the Potential for Co- and Self-Regulation] “Gegenwart und Zukunft des Lokalen Fernsehens in Ost- in the context of the German EU presidency from 9 to 11 May deutschland” [Present Status and Future of Local and Regional 2007 in Leipzig. Television in East Germany], presentation of the most impor- tant results by W. Seufert and W. Schulz at the Media Meeting Mid-Germany on 7 May 2008 in Leipzig. 10. Present Status and Future of local and regional Television in East Germany 11. Decisions in Cases of Uncertainty in the In cooperation with the Friedrich-Schiller- Protection of Media for Minors University, Jena, with Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Seufert The effects of violence in the media on the behav- as project leader, the Hans Bredow Institute has iour of minors are the subject of many investiga- analysed the present status and the future of local tions in the social sciences and in psychology. and regional television in East Germany. The These regularly come to the conclusion that vio- investigation proceeded in four steps: (1) survey lence in the media cannot be determined as the of the regulation of support measures for local and sole trigger for corresponding ways of behaving regional television, (2) survey of programme vari- among minors, e.g. increasing potential for vio- ety provision and commercial situation of local lence. On the basis of this causal dilemma and of and regional television, (3) conduct of structured the insight from research into regulation as to how interviews with local TV providers as well as (4) important knowledge is for legislative governance measures recommended and report presented. processes, the legislature finds itself faced increas- In the context of the project, the Hans Bredow ingly by the question of how far regulation can Institute conducted a survey of the regula- and must react to uncertainty in this area. tion/support measures of local and regional televi- The PhD-project takes up this enquiry and sets sion. out concretely the latitude for assessment and Building on the analysis of the four steps, op- prognosis the various parties have in the face of tions for action according to broadcasting law uncertainty by dint of decisions, verifiable legally were presented, which can promote reinforcing of only to a certain extent, at the levels of the legisla- local television in East Germany whilst observing ture, of the responsible authorities and of the insti- the limits imposed constitutionally and by the law tutions of voluntary self-regulation. Particularly in on subsidisation. the case of newer forms of delegated leeway no Researchers: W. Schulz, I. Brunn plural for decisions, such as the scope of the insti- tutions of voluntary self-regulation in the area of Cooperating partner: Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Seufert the protection of minors from harmful media, (Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena) questions arise on the autonomous latitude and the Funding: Thüringer Landesmedienanstalt (TLM), possibilities for monitoring by the State – not least Medienanstalt Sachsen-Anhalt (MSA), through pending lawsuits. Medienanstalt Berlin-Brandenburg (mabb), Work on this aims to analyze more closely the Sächsische Landesanstalt für privaten criteria, selection, boundaries, preconditions and Rundfunk und neue Medien, characteristics of the individual categories among Landesrundfunkzentrale Mecklenburg- the areas of leeway – for instance, normative- Vorpommern (LRZ) factual, those related to parties involved or as- sessments interpreting real situations – and their Publication: integration with each other. Alongside this will Seufert, W.; Schulz, W.; Brunn, I. (in print) Gegenwart und Zukunft des lokalen und regionalen Fernsehens in Ost- come investigation of the extent to which, with

21 Research Report of the Hans Bredow Institute 2007 / 2008

uncertain decisions, the uncertainty can, neverthe- has changed due to the revision of the telemedia less, be used to the advantage of the decision law on 1 March 2007, so that, with the aid of ju- process, for instance, through mechanisms for ridical interpretative methodology, it must be delegation and for establishing procedures and established anew who has to divulge their name, promoting flexibility. address, email address or telephone number in their service offer, or has to nominate a responsi- Researcher: S. Dreyer ble editor. This will take place against the background of 12. Copyright in the Information Society – a constitutional law analysis, in the framework of Breaches of Copyright by Search Engines which the question will be resolved as to whether, Using the incommensurable quantity of informa- and to what extent, anonymous communication in tion in the World Wide Web effectively is almost the Internet is protected under the Basic Constitu- impossible without calling on search services. tional Law. The focus here lies, as also with the Search engine providers have a central function in entire project, on the rights and duties of “private” the structuring of existing knowledge, and for media users, who have become themselves media many Internet users a search engine is, in fact, the creators in the times of Internet as an even more starting point every time they look into the Inter- interactive medium. This latter phenomenon can net. be seen on video platforms, for instance, as You- The way search engines function technically Tube, recently sold to Google, on collaborative involves an automatic search of all websites. Ex- software platforms like Wikipedia, in so-called amining the websites for content is impossible in weblogs or in discussion forums. that process. The content found is held in a buffer The actual provisions of the §§ 5 Telemedia and, when they are called up by the user, so-called Law, 55 Interstate Treaty on Broadcasting and hit lists, which contain short extracts from the Telemedia are promulgated in sub-constitutional contents found or also so-called thumbnails, that is law. Here, it is initially a question of clarifying in greatly reduced versions of images published in which cases the user of a telemedium can be si- the internet, are displayed, as well as links to the multaneously a provider of their own telemedium respective websites. offering. And in addition, attention will be paid to This technical functioning could breach copy- the question, relevant for European law in terms right in multiple ways. This PhD-project investi- of the free rendering of services, that is when a gates a search engine’s possible breaches of copy- telemedium is as a rule offered free of charge. right and, taking account of the constitutional Finally, the project will, in connection with the significance of search engines for public commu- interpretation of the § 55 para. 2 Treaty on Broad- nication, tries to demonstrate possible new solu- casting and Telemedia, address the problem of the tions. significance to be allotted to journalistic editorial activity in the information age – a problem as of Researcher: I. Brunn now only dealt with relatively unsystematically in research. This takes place from the viewpoint of 13. Obligations to provide Information in lay-journalism, as carried on in the form of web- Telemedia Law and User-Generated logs or collaborative news sites on the internet. Content Researcher: S. Heilmann This PhD-project deals with the conditions under which providers of user-generated content in the Internet are subject to certain obligations to pro- vide information. The applicable legal framework

22 Research Projects „Media and Telecommunications Law“

14. Optimising the E-Learning Programmes at 15. Product Placements in the Electronic the University of Hamburg which refer to Media Media Law: “Global Classroom” and Product placements in the audiovisual contents are “Blackboard” occurring increasingly frequently, among other In cooperation with the Faculty of Law at the things because of the increasing reception of con- University of Hamburg, the Hans Bredow Institute tents via on-demand services both in traditional is working on training and development projects media and in the new media, particularly com- in the field of media law, and also in the area of puter games. The so-called principle of separation “blended learning”, that is with the aid of e- is regarded as one of the core principles of media learning programmes. Here, a central component law and it even displays constitutional roots. It are online programmes supporting courses, yet stipulates that advertising must be separated from established independently of each other, and to be the rest of the programming. Product placements enlarged and integrated into a platform for a focal can come into conflict with this principle. area on the university e-learning platform “Black- This PhD-project essentially concentrates on board”. The University supports individual inten- the question as to how far product placements tions in the project in the context of the pro- come under the sub-constitutional, national and grammes “Seminars going online” and “Focal European framing of the principle of separation. areas of the Faculty of Law – supporting Best- Here, the new guidelines on audiovisual media Practice”. services, which allow member states to permit Alongside this the e-learning project “Global product placements under particular conditions, Classroom” is offered, in the context of which the receive particular attention. A further step asks Institute has developed an e-learning tool (“Global how far different regulations in the respective Classroom”) for the application of virtual forms of areas of the media are justified constitutionally. teaching in jurisprudence, which is based on a Further investigation looks at how far it is relevant software platform specially programmed for these for the constitutional assessment whether the cases and being further developed since 2002. product placement is integrated into information Since that time, the seminars on “Broadcasting and entertainment formats. Finally, the project Regulation: Market Entry and Licensing”, “Free- will consider other systems of law and offer its dom of Expression and Privacy on the Internet” own suggestion for regulation. and lastly “Youth Media Protection and Broad- Researcher: F. W. Zimmermann casting: Constitutional Backgrounds and Regula- tion Concepts” have offered students from Ham- burg, Toronto und Bologna the possibility to get to know a new form of computer-based teaching. FURTHER ACTIVITIES In 2004 and 2005, the Institute received finan- cial support to develop this initiative and its didac- Further Projects tic methods in the context of the “Global- classroom” seminars through the E-Learning Con- Activities in Further Education in Media Law: sortium Hamburg (ELCH), since then the pro- Seminars for Legal Experts gramme has been financed from in-house sources. The Institute has been engaged in the area of basic Researchers: W. Schulz, S. Dreyer and further education in media law for several Funding (2007/2008): University of Hamburg years. In April 2006, the German Federal Bar Council established an avenue for becoming a specialist solicitor in “Copyright and Media Law”

23 Research Report of the Hans Bredow Institute 2007 / 2008

and with that made a recognised index of speciali- Publications: sation available to lawyers with the appropriate Schulz, W.; Held, T. (2006): Together They Are Strong? – Co- Regulatory Approaches for the Protection of Minors emphases in their interests or activities. In coop- within the European Union. In: C. von Feilitzen, U. Carls- eration with a provider of courses for specialist son (eds.), In the Service of Young People. Yearbook 2005/2006 from the International Clearinghouse on Chil- lawyers, Dr. Grannemann & von Fürstenberg, the dren, Youth and Media. Göteborg. Institute is developing curricula and materials for Schulz, W. et al. (2006): Final Report: Study on Co-Regulation Measures in the Media Sector, commissioned by the Euro- a specialist lawyers’ programme, “Copyright and pean Commission http://e.europa.eu/comm/av pol- icy/info_centre/library/studies/index_en.htm. Media Law”, which is to be offered from 2008 Schulz, W.; Held, T. (2007): Verfassungsrechtliche Grundsätze onwards. Distinguished lecturers from academic und Media Governance [Constitutional Principles and Media Governance]. In: P. Donges (ed.), Von der Medien- circles, from commercial practice as well as from politik zur Media Governance. Köln, pp. 85-102. the judiciary and the Bar have been enlisted to contribute to the courses. Lectures: “Corporate Responsibility in the Internet Industry: Of Shallows Researchers: S. Dreyer, W. Schulz & Lighthouses”, lecture by W. Schulz in the context of the First International Conference on Legal, Security and Privacy Issues in IT (LSPI) on 2 May 2006 in Hamburg. New Forms of Regulation in Media Law “Co-Regulation as a Magic Wand to Guarantee Security and Among the questions occupying the Institute for a Safety in the Internet?”, lecture by W. Schulz at the First long while now has been the one about suitable International Conference on Legal, Security and Privacy Issues in IT (LSPI) on 2 May 2006 in Hamburg. instruments and concepts for governance in the “Governance als demokratietheoretisches Problem?” [Govern- media area. This concerns, for instance, models of ance as a Problem in the Theory of Democracy], lecture by W. co-regulation or regulated self-regulation. In this Schulz and T. Held at the “Institut für Publizistikwissenschaft respect, using a definition of co-regulation, a large und Medienforschung” of the University of Zurich at the joint annual symposium of the “DGPuK-Fachgruppe “Kommunika- European project investigated already enacted co- tion und Politik”” and the “DVPW-Arbeitskreis “Politik und regulation measures in the media sector of all 25 Kommunikation”” on the Topic of “Von der Medienpolitik zur Media Governance?” [From Media Politics to Media Govern- member states and in three selected non-EU coun- ance?] on 17 February 2006 in Zurich. tries. This concerns essentially media of electronic communication, film and computer games. Along- Events: side insights into the effectiveness of measures for Technical briefing on the final report of the study on: “Co- Regulation Measures in the Media Sector” on 6 February 2007 co-regulation to gain public goals, the correlation in Brussels. of such measures with stipulations of European Presentation of the draft final report of the study on: “Co- law was analysed. The insights gained from this Regulation Measures in the Media Sector” on 19 January 2006 project are applied to specific sectors and ex- in Brussels. tended, for instance, in evaluating the protection Reform of Communications and Media Policy of minors (see project no. 2), as the JMStV is based on a model of regulated self-regulation. The media policy in Federal Government and A further research project engaged with the in- States and at the European level continues to volvement of the public for achieving aims of strive for the alignment of its framework with the governance – for instance, in the form of warn- requirements of convergence in the media area. ings, but also of more complex regulatory initia- The Institute is supporting this through concrete tives – and defining the legal framework for it was projects like the research section of the Report on completed. The text is awaiting further work for Communications and Media (see above, project submitting as a postdoctoral thesis and finally for no. 1). Alongside this, representatives of the Insti- publication. tute are cooperating in expert groups of the Euro- pean Commission, are giving the problem area Researchers: W. Schulz, S. Dreyer, S. Heilmann, structure through talks or offering contributions at T. Held hearings.

24 Research Projects „Media and Telecommunications Law“

Against this background, a systematic re- sense of the Directive, does exist can be estab- search-based presentation of media policy also lished for a media service. makes sense. Commentary on important regula- Researchers: W. Schulz, S. Heilmann tions in German broadcasting law will make a contribution to that and, at the same time, the Funding: Europäische Audiovisuelle individual problems posed by converging digital Informationsstelle (European Audiovisual media landscape will in turn crystallise out. Observatory) Among these latter, the situation, for instance, of Publication: so-called platform providers, now firmly to the Schulz, W.; Heilmann, S. (in print ): Redaktionelle Verantwor- fore, figures in the context of digital cable televi- tung – Anmerkungen zu einem zentralen Begriff der Re- gulierung audiovisueller Mediendienste [Editorial Respon- sion as well as of television for mobiles. Their sibility –Remarks on a Central Concept in Regulating Au- example also permits an illustration of challenges diovisual Media Services]. IRIS Spezial. Straßburg (also in English and French). to traditional models in broadcasting law, such as that of the broadcasting provider, a concept that is also coming increasingly under pressure in other Events respects. Finally, there appears to be some profit Symposium” Equal Opportunities for Content in in systematically describing media regulation on Networks and on Platforms” the European level to gain a better understanding of the legal background to media policy. On 3 an 4 June 2008, the Institute cooperated with the Alcatel Lucent Foundation for Communication Researcher: W. Schulz Research and the State Media Authority Ham- Publication: burg / Schleswig-Holstein in mounting a sympo- Schulz, W. (work in progress): Kommentierung zu §§ 2, 52, 53 sium on the topic of “Equal Opportunity for Con- RStV [Annotations on §§ 2, 52, 53 RStV]. In: Hahn, W.; Vesting, T. (Eds.), Beck’scher Kommentar zum Rund- tent in Networks and on Platforms”. funkrecht, 2nd edition. München. The Symposium began by considering how Schulz, W.; Klumpp, D.; Kubicek, D.; Roßnagel, A. (Eds.) (2006): Medien, Ordnung und Innovation [Media, Order developments in the area of networks and plat- and Innovation]. Berlin. forms do indeed open up new possibilities, but Lecture: also bring with them new risks for the access, “Chancen neuer medialer Dienste angesichts der Konvergenz from content to user, and for service quality. Pa- von Rundfunk und Fernsehen ” [The Chances of New Media pers on the latest development in net-technology Services at a Time of Converging Broadcasting and Television Services], participation by W. Schulz at the eponymous panel formed the premise: what potential for discrimina- discussion in the context of the Brussels Media Dialogue “Konvergenz von Rundfunk und Telekommunikation” on 21 tion do Next Generation Networks have? What November 2007 in Brussels. consequences will the shift to IP-nets have for the distribution of content? What influence does dis- Editorial Responsibility in the Guidelines on play technology have on the power relations in the audiovisual Media Services television market? The legal concept of “editorial responsibility” A further section took up the economic conse- takes centre stage in the new European Directive quences of the technical developments: what new on Audiovisual Media Services. Its influence be- models of returns and of added value chains gins with the area of the Directive’s application. evolve? What are the consequences of net neutral- In a contribution for the European Audiovisual ity or of its demise for the extension of the net on Observatory, the various functional levels of this the one hand, and for the refinancing of content on concept are being elucidated as well as criteria for the other? determining when editorial responsibility, in the Building on this, the regulatory questions were examined at the nexus of content and transmission

25 Research Report of the Hans Bredow Institute 2007 / 2008

technology. Who regulates the access to the user? Schaar, the Federal Commissioner for Data Pro- What prerequisites are in force according to na- tection and Freedom of Information and chairper- tional and European law? Is there any need for an son of the EU Data Protection Working Party, on alignment of them? Article 29 of the European Community Data Pro- tection Directive. “Protection of Personality and Conference “Real Rules and Virtual Worlds” Media Freedom between the European Conven- On 28 May 2008 the Hans Bredow Institute for tion on Human Rights and the Basic Constitu- Media Research held an international conference tional Law” was the title of an event run together under the title “Real Rules and Virtual Worlds”, in with the law practice Lovells on 23 March 2006, cooperation with the Friedrich-Ebert-Foundation. in the context of which Prof. Dr. Dieter Grimm, It involved an experts’ workshop, which preceded retired judge of the Federal Constitutional Court, the public podium discussion on the chances and Professor of Public Law at the Humboldt Univer- risks of regulation by nation-states. Legal scholars sity Berlin and Rector of the Wissenschaftskolleg from Europe and the USA approached fundamen- Berlin (College for Advanced Studies, Berlin), tal legal questions concerning virtual online games gave a talk. environments. This process thoroughly elucidated On 23 January 2008, the Institute held an event various, still relatively new phenomena by means on the topic “Chances and Limits of State Regula- of new and old legal concepts and from the view- tion of virtual Worlds” in the context of the point of systems committed both to the continental “Hamburg Colloquia on Media and Telecommu- tradition of civil law and to common-law. The nications Law”. Prof. Dr. Viktor Mayer- focus for all this was general legal questions as Schönberger, Associate Professor of Public Policy much as specialised ones on “virtual ownership at the Kennedy School of Government of Harvard rights” and “virtual personal rights”. University and Affiliate Professor at the European School of Management and Technology in Berlin Lecture Series: “Hamburg Colloquia on Media and gave a paper. The content of this then carried over Telecommunications Law” into a workshop, with a subsequent podium dis- cussion, with the topic of “Real Law and Virtual With the lecture series “Hamburg Colloquia on Worlds? – An Obstacle to or a Precondition in Media and Telecommunications Law”, the Insti- Deploying the social and economical Potential?” tute would like above all to extend and institution- on 28 May 2008 in Berlin in cooperation with the alise its contacts to practitioners. Regular discus- Friedrich-Ebert-Foundation (see above). sions on current legal questions take place with the Faculty of Law at the University of Hamburg, Experts’ Seminar “More Trust in Contents –The with the working party on law at Hamburg@work Potential of Co-and Self-Regulation in the digital and with a range of private partners. Media” The overture event on 26 January 2004 con- cerned the revision of telecommunications law Under the German EU Presidency the Federal and offered a particularly well-qualified speaker in Government Commissioner for Culture and the the person of the President of the Regulatory Au- Media, together with the European Commission, thority for Telecommunications and Post, Mat- organised an expert conference on European me- thias Kurth. The international commercial and dia policy in Leipzig from 9-11 May 2007. The corporate law practice Allen & Overy was joint conference received expert academic guidance by organiser. In cooperation with the practice Taylor the Hans Bredow Institute and the Institute for Wessing, a further event on 18 April 2005 con- European Media Law. cerned “New Developments in the Area of Data Its subject was the basic question as to how the Protection in the Media” with a talk by Peter confidence of users in the contents of digital me-

26 Research Projects „Media and Telecommunications Law“

dia can be reinforced. In four working groups ments of self-regulation have proven to be effec- some 250 media experts from all over the Euro- tive? (4) trusting cooperation between government pean Union examined the strategies providers use and society: what is the potential of co-regulation to enhance trust in the content they offer and how for digital content? measures of self-regulation and co-regulation For further information, see www.vertrauen- could support them in their efforts. The following in-inhalte.de. topics and issues were at the centre of the discus- sion: (1) trust and media skills through content Further Talk suitable for children: how can more offers for “Regulierung von Onlinediensten in Deutschland” [Regulating children be created? (2) trustworthy providers: Online-Services in Germany], talk by I. Brunn in the context of who provides trustworthy and reliable information the event, “Themenreise Medienrecht und Pressefreiheit, Seminar Medienrecht – Zwischen normativer Verankerung und in the digital world and how can users access this Ethik” [Topic Survey on Media Law and Press Freedom, information? (3) trusting industry: which instru- Seminar on Media Law – Between Normative Anchoring and Ethics] on 22 October 2007 in the Foreign Ministry, Berlin.

27 III. MEDIA ORGANISATION AND MEDIA BUSINESS

Researchers 2007/2008: Hardy Dreier, Stephan Dreyer, Prof. Dr. Uwe Hasebrink, Stefan Heilmann, Dr. Thor- sten Held, Christiane Matzen, Hermann-Dieter Schröder (consulting), Dr. Wolfgang Schulz

Freelance Associate 2007/2008: Martin Mittermeier

16. The Influence of Private Equity in the 1) Survey of the already existing investments Media Sector of active finance investors in the area of German television. The tension between commercial interests and the 2) A description of the situation in a European/ demands of society and of constitutional law on international comparison and a presentation of the electronic media has been topical since private effect of such investors’ business strategies on the broadcasting was introduced. The participation of fundamental principles of the German broadcast- finance investors such as Private Equity Funds in ing system. the media sector seems to raise this tension, as 3) Evaluation of the insights gained by means they clearly operate with still higher expectations of the law as it stands as well as indication of of returns and still shorter time horizons. options for action under media law de lege fer- At the latest with the investment of the two enda. private equity houses Permira and KKR in the The investigation brought to light no more German broadcasting group ProSieben/Sat.1, the than a few specific risks from the type of invest- interest of broadcasting policymakers in this topic ment named. To a certain extent, a risk was atten- grew considerably. In cooperation with the Centre dant on the certainly high quota of foreign capital, for Entrepreneurial and Financial Studies at the which can lead to greater pressure for savings, Technical University of Munich (www.cefs.de) which can in turn affect programme quality. With and the Institute for Journalism Studies and Media that, the findings also point, however, to a gener- Research at the University of Zurich (www.ipmz. ally observable phenomenon in the area of media, uzh.ch), the Hans Bredow Institute was commis- which can be described as “economisation” and sioned in October 2007 by the Conference of the has to be the object of discussions around the Directors of the State Media Authorities to inves- further development of the broadcasting (legal) tigate and assess specific topics concomitant on system. such investments as these. The proposition was initially examined from Commissioned by: The Conference of the the perspective of financial and journalism studies Directors of the States’ Media Authorities and subsequently from that of media law and (Direktorenkonferenz der regulation, in order to be able to respond to prob- Landesmedienanstalten (DLM)) lems of media concentration from a regulatory Researchers: W. Schulz, T. Held, S. Heilmann, M. viewpoint as well as to questions on the general Mittermeier constraints on private broadcasting providers ac- cording to broadcasting law. Cooperating partners: Prof. Dr. Christoph Kaserer In arriving at an assessment, the following (CEFS, TU Munich), Dr. Josef Trappel steps were taken: (IPMZ, University of Zurich)

28 Research Projects „Media Organisation and Media Business“

Publication: 18. Evaluation of the Austrian Television Fund Schulz, W.; Kaserer, C.; Trappel, J. (Eds.) (in print): Finanzin- vestoren im Medienbereich. Gutachten im Auftrag der Di- Since 2004 the production of television films in rektorenkonferenz der Landesmedienanstalten [Finance Investors in the Media Area. Commissioned by the Con- Austria has been supported through the Austrian ference of the Directors of the States’ Media Authorities]. Television Fund, in as far as it is not a matter of Vistas. Pre-Print online at: www.alm.de/fileadmin/ Download/ Gutachten_Finanzinvestoren_21052008.pdf. commissioned productions but of co-productions or in-house productions by independent television producers. After the first three years of this means 17. Navigators and Electronic Programme of support, the Austrian Regulatory Authority for Guides: the Market in Orientation Guides Broadcasting and Telecommunications (RTR- for digital Television Environments GmbH), which controls the fund in question, has In digital television environments, navigators and commissioned an evaluation from the Hans Bre- Electronic Programme Guides (EPGs) are acquir- dow Institute. ing a strategically significant role: they form the In order to also measure the effect of the Aus- decisive junction between the available contents trian Television Fund in quantitative terms, a writ- and applications and the users. Initiated under the ten questionnaire was submitted to the Austrian aegis of The Joint Commission on Digital Access producers of television programmes, with the of the State Media Authorities and coordinated by intention of gauging the changes in television the Austrian Academy of Sciences, an investiga- production from 2004 – 2006 in comparison to the tion is meant to analyse the current status and the period from 2001 – 2003. perspectives of the relevant market as well users’ The evaluation makes clear that the Austrian behaviour. Television Fund has led to a shift from commis- In the context of a partial study conducted by sioned to co-productions and has with that the Hans Bredow Institute, the programme side is strengthened the role of the producers vis-à-vis the to be more closely elucidated: which characteris- television providers. Beyond that, it has fostered tics does the technical equipment of the set-top the acquisition of productions with foreign televi- boxes currently possess, which concrete options sion providers and in this way enabled growth for use do the navigators/EPGs (e.g. personalisa- over and above the demand from the ORF (Aus- tion, various search options) offer, how far do the trian Broadcasting). In addition, it has reinforced existing applications take advantage of the poten- the amassing of capital with producers by de- tial of the technology? Who are the relevant par- manding agreements on the reversion of rights and ties, what strategies do they follow? What distri- the situation of ancillary rights with producers. bution and what market-share do the individual Researcher: H.-D. Schröder boxes have? What distribution and what market- share do the various navigators/ EPGs have? Funding: RTR Rundfunk und Telekom The study relies on assessing publicly accessi- Regulierungs GmbH (Austrian Regulatory ble information and complementary discussions Authority for Broadcasting and with experts. It was completed in July 2008. Telecommunications) Commissioned by: The Joint Commission on Publication: Digital Access of the State Media Authorities Schröder, H.-D. (2008): Wirkungen des Fernsehfonds Austria. Ergebnisse einer Befragung der Fernsehproduzenten [Ef- (Gemeinsame Stelle Digitaler Zugang (GSDZ) fects of the Austrian Television Fund. Results of a Ques- der Landesmedienanstalten) tionaire for Television Producers]. Online at: www.rtr.at/ de/komp/BerichtNASE2007/Wirkungen_des_FFAT_2008. Researchers: U. Hasebrink, H.-D. Schröder, pdf. N. Müller

29 Research Report of the Hans Bredow Institute 2007 / 2008

Lecture: impact on the structure of the music business. The “Wirkungen des Fernsehfonds Austria” [Effects of the Aus- dissolution of traditional demarcations from other trian Television Fund], lecture by H.-D. Schröder at the event “Die Zukunft der Fernsehproduktion in Österreich” on 7 De- branches is characteristic of this structural change, cember 2007 in Vienna. so that it seemed reasonable to bring related mar- kets into the analysis as well. At the centre of the 19. Evaluation of the Hamburg Media School investigation stands the question as to which con- ditions could contribute to securing and extending The Hamburg Media School (HMS) commis- Hamburg as a location for music, so that it re- sioned the Hans Bredow Institute to undertake an mains one of the most important locations in evaluation of its previous work. This is meant, Germany. above all, to investigate how far the founding In the framework of this project is the attempt goals of the HMS have been met. A particular to develop a concept for strengthening Hamburg point of reference was the “Letter of Intent” of 20 as a location for music on the basis of a survey of February 2002. developments in the city and in cooperation with Exhaustive reports by the HMS supplied basic those active in the branch. Alongside researching information and gave an overview of the overall data and administering a questionnaire among the institution as well as over the study programmes music companies in Hamburg, three workshops currently on offer. Beyond that, the institute con- were conducted with representatives of the ducted discussions with representatives of the branch. One result of the investigation is that the HMS, with students and graduates, with the Free current structural changes must be viewed very and Hanseatic City of Hamburg, the media indus- differently for the various sub-sectors of the music try of Hamburg as well as with outsiders knowl- business. edgeable about the business. Hamburg remains one of the most important Criteria were developed from the Letter of In- locations for the music business in Germany and tent and from the current discussion on evaluating can point to some strengths in that business and tertiary institutions and could be applied to the build on them, above all where its strength lies in evaluation of the HMS. The previous activities of creative potential. A key index of the music busi- the HMS were described, the findings were con- ness in Hamburg as location are the networks solidated and recommendations made for the fu- present in various forms, which further reinforce ture development of the HMS. the advantage of local proximity. The existing Researchers: U. Hasebrink, H. Dreier, H.-D. institutions and initiatives, which at present offer Schröder advice and support for the music business, ought, therefore, to be strengthed appropriately, in order Funding: Hamburg Media School to be able to meet the increased demands. The additional establishment of a “Coordinating Office 20. The Music Business in Hamburg – for Music” could offer support here. Beyond that Profiles, Trends and Development the programme of qualifications and further edu- Opportunities cation should be optimised and the perception of The motivation for this investigation, begun in Hamburg as a location for music with its pro- 2005, was the increasingly sharp competition grammes should be reinforced by developing an between the locations of the music business in agreed communications concept. Germany. This competition between localities is Researchers: H. Dreier, U. Hasebrink, C. Matzen, driven above all by a comprehensive structural W. Schulz change in the media and communications branches, which is also having a considerable Funding: Behörde für Wirtschaft und Arbeit der Freien und Hansestadt Hamburg [The

30 Research Projects „Media Organisation and Media Business“

Authority for Economic and Labour Affairs of of the various areas of this dynamic branch and the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg] analysed and observed it against the background of its importance for the entire system of the me- Report: dia under the aspects of competition and comple- Dreier, H. (2007): Musikwirtschaft Hamburg – Profile, Trends und Entwicklungs-Chancen [The Music Business in Ham- mentarity from the view point of business, com- burg – Profiles, Trends and Development Opportunities]. munications studies and law. Hamburg (unpublished). The lecture series “Games online” in the win- Event: ter semester 2007/2008, which was offered jointly “Musikwirtschaft in Hamburg” [The Music Business in Ham- with the Hamburg University of Applied Sciences burg], workshop to present results and discussion on next steps on 14 November 2007. (HAW Hamburg), formed the second part of the series on digital games and gave researchers from various disciplines and experts from the games business a chance to speak. FURTHER ACITIVITIES Researchers: H. Dreier, S. Dreyer, U. Hasebrink, W. Schulz Events Publications: Dreier, H. (2007): Keyword “Electronic Games, History”. In: Lecture Series “Games – The future Perspectives J. J. Arnett (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Children, Adolescents, of interactive Offerings in the Media” and “Games and the Media. London. Dreier, H. (2005): Games made @ Hamburg. Project report online”. commissioned by the working group of the initiative Ham- burg@Work (unpublished). Since the 1970s, video and computer games have established themselves firmly in a few social Lectures: groups as a form of entertainment. The turnover “Online Communities und kommerzielle Kommunikation” earned worldwide with computer and video games [Online Communities and commercial Communication], lec- ture by H. Dreier in the context of the lecture series “Games has since 2000 exceeded what the film business online” in the winter semester 2007/08 at the HAW Hamburg gains from cinemas. The growing spread of the on 27 November 2007. technical infrastructure as a precondition to play- “Digitale Spiele und ihre Plattformen I: PC” [Digital Games ing games – be it owning a games console or a PC and their Platforms I: PC], lecture by H. Dreier in the context of the lecture series “Games – Zukunftsperspektiven interak- – and the integration of the hardware to the inter- tiver Medienangebote” [Games –Future Persepctives of Inter- net are changing the traditional structure of this active Media Offerings] at the University of Hamburg on 25 April 2007. area. Added to this is the constantly growing sig- nificance of mobile games platforms – from the “Games – ein kulturelles, gesellschaftliches und ökonomisches Phänomen” [Games – a Cultural, Social and Economic Phe- traditional Gameboy to the multimedia–capable nomenon], lecture by U. Hasebrink and H. Dreier to introduce mobile. the lecture series, “Games – Zukunftsperspektiven interaktiver Medienangebote” [Games –Future Perspectives of Interactive The lecture series, “Games – Future Perspec- Media Offerings] at the University of Hamburg on 4 April tives for interactive Offerings in the Media”, was 2007. held in the summer semester of 2007 in coopera- “In-Game Advertising und die rechtlichen Implikationen” [In– tion with the Ministry for Economic and Labour Game Advertising and the Legal Implications], pariticipation in a podium discussion by S. Dreyer in the context of the 4. Affairs, the Working Party on Games and the GfM (eGame Marketing) World Congress on 28 March 2007 University of Hamburg and offered an overview in Berlin.

31 IV MEDIA OFFERINGS AND MEDIA CULTURE

Researchers: 2007/2008: Janina Fuge, Prof. Dr. Uwe Hasebrink, Anja Herzog, Dr. Claudia Lampert (contact person), Jutta Popp, Dr. Jan-Hinrik Schmidt, Dr. Hans-Ulrich Wagner

Associates 2007/2008: Prof. Dr. Joan Bleicher, Christoph Hilgert

21. Young People and Web 2.0 ised studies on media and young people both in Germany and abroad. Thus, the project will lay The concept of “Web 2.0” describes those recent down the foundation of a study which can be developments of the Internet, which offer the regularly repeated in future and take its place individual user increased possibilities for identity among other of longitudinal studies on media use. management, relationship management, and in- In an accompanying weblog (www.hans-bre formation management. As existing data to date dow-institut.de/webzweinull) provisional findings indicate, young adults, i.e. people up to the mid and related research are documented and dis- 20’s, belong to the most frequent users of we- cussed. blogs, video platforms or “Social Network Sites” like studiVZ. However, there has not been much Researchers: U. Hasebrink, C. Lampert, J. research into usage patterns among these age- Schmidt groups as well as their consequences, e.g. as re- Cooperating partners: I. Paus-Hasebrink, C. gards the shifting of boundaries between the pub- Wijnen (University of Salzburg) lic and private spheres, the attitudes to the protec- tion of information or dealing with contents which Student Research Assistants: W. Rohde, C. are politically or otherwise extreme. Schwinge, S. Trümper The Hans Bredow Institute is cooperating with Funding: Media Authority of Northrhine- the University of Salzburg in a project supported Westfalia by the LfM Nordrhein-Westfalen / Media Author- ity of Northrhine-Westfalia. Case studies on se- Publications: Guenther, T.; Schmidt, J. (2008): Wissenstypen im “Web 2.0” lected platforms, focus groups and individual – eine wissenssoziologische Deutung von Prodnutzung im interviews with young users, and a representative Internet [Types of Knowledge in Web 2.0 – Interpreting Produsage Through the Lens of Sociology of Knowledge]. survey about Web 2.0 use, in contrast to other In: H. Willems (Ed.), Weltweite Welten. Internet- media types, will give a comprehensive picture of Figurationen aus wissenssoziologischer Perspektive. Wiesbaden, pp. 167-188. the current status of the Internet among young Schmidt, J. (2008): Was ist neu am Social Web? Soziologische people. und kommunikationswissenschaftliche Grundlagen [What is New in the Social Web? Perspectives from Sociology The findings from the various empirical steps and Communication Science]. In: A. Zerfaß, M. Welker, J. as well as the review of the current status of inter- Schmidt, J. (Eds), Kommunikation, Partizipation und Wir- kungen im Social Web. Vol. 1: Grundlagen und Metho- national research are being discussed and con- den: Von der Gesellschaft zum Individuum. Köln, pp.18- nected to perspectives from sociology of commu- 40. Schmidt, J.; Lampert, C.; Schwinge, C. (in print): Nutzungs- nication, youth studies and legal studies. In this praktiken im Social Web – Impulse für die medienpäda- way, the need for action and the options in the gogische Diskussion [Patterns of Usage in the Social Web – Impulses for the mediapedagogical Discussion]. In: Jahr- areas of public communication, identity forma- buch Medienpädagogik 8 – Medienkompetenz und Web tion, media competences and media regulation can 2.0. Wiesbaden. be formulated. Design and procedure of the em- pirical parts are closely connected to other special-

32 Research Projects „Use and Effects of the Media“

Lectures: might be transferred to the (organisational as well “Second Life und Web 2.0. Zur Untrennbarkeit von virtueller as editorial) activity of the ZDF. Three areas come und realer Welt” [Second Life and Web 2.0. On the Indivisibil- ity of Virtual and Real World], lecture by J. Schmidt at the in for particular attention: a) automated news ag- “19. Bamberger Hegelwoche” on 11 June 2008 in Bamberg. gregators (e.g. Google News, digg.com), b) inno- “Privacy Management and the Social Web”, lecture by J. vative forms of content classification (“tag- Schmidt at the “General Online Research Conference” on 12 ging”/”folksonomies”) as well as c) monitoring March 2008 in Hamburg. the flow of information in the blogosphere. “Wer nutzt das Web 2.0? Mythen und empirische Wahrheiten” [Who uses Web 2.0? Myths and Empirical Truths], lecture by Researcher: J. Schmidt J. Schmidt at the conference “Marketing Online” on 27 Febru- ary 2008 in Munich. Commissioned by the Zweites Deutsches “Die Macht der Blogosphäre – Schnittstellen zwischen alten Fernsehen (ZDF) und neuen Öffentlichkeiten” [The Power of the Blogosphere – Connecting Old and New Public Spheres], lecture by J. Schmidt at the “XIII. Mainzer Kolloquium” of the “Institut für 23. Playing on the Net – Systematizing the Buchwissenschaft” on 25 January 2008. Phenomenon of “Online Games” “Mediatisiertes Beziehungsmanagement: Zu Veränderungen von Privatsphäre und Öffentlichkeit im neuen Netz” [Me- An important component of the video and com- diatised Relationship Management: On Changes in the Private puter game landscape are “Online Games”, which Sphere and the Public in the New Net], lecture by J. Schmidt at the “Forschungskolloquium Medienkultur” of the University very generally include all digital games that can Bremen on 13 December 2007. be played on or via the Internet. Over the last “Web 2.0 – Kommunikationssoziologische Grundlagen” [Web years, this segment has experienced an impressive 2.0 – Sociological Basics], introductory lecture at the “For- growth of user numbers and revenues, but also an schungsworkshop Web 2.0” of the Ministry for Generations, Families, Women and Integration NRW on 23 November 2007 increasing public discussion, for instance, in re- in Düsseldorf. spect of subsidy for business and production loca- tion, the demands from the pedagogy of the media 22. Issue filtering and issue monitoring in the or general changes in a mediatised society. The Internet concept of “online games” is, however, used very vaguely in public, academic and political discus- The Internet has a profound influence on the way sions. information and issues are generated, filtered and Against this background, the report discusses distributed in society. Professional experts (like, various aspects of the phenomenon like genres, for example, librarians or journalists) still provide products and markets, technology, use and effects “gatekeeping” and the filtering of information, but or the legal framework. It unites various ap- two new mechanisms are gaining in importance: proaches (economic, technical, sociological and Firstly, non-professional “produsers” of the Web jurisprudential) and identifies three overarching 2.0 produce, spread, rate, filter and comment on a criteria (complexity, persistence and player num- variety of topics. Secondly, software code, with its bers), which are decisive for the form and conse- inscribed principles and algorithms, frames the quences of online-games. selection, presentation and distribution of infor- The expert report thus lays the foundation for mation. decisions within media policy, for instance opti- A report for the ZDF (Second German Televi- mising the areas of application of media-specific sion) describes these developments and its under- legal norms. In addition, it forms an important lying mechanisms, discussing the consequences basis for further discussions and investigations in for the emergence, distribution and monitoring of various disciplines, like Social Science, Econom- information, news and issues. It helps to assess ics and Jurisprudence, but can also stimulate the current developments in online-based information public engagement with developments in this area. management and to decide which instruments

33 Research Report of the Hans Bredow Institute 2007 / 2008

Researchers: S. Dreyer, C. Lampert, J. Schmidt Network for Media and Health Communication and the University of Bielefeld, which took place Student Research Assistants: N. Dargel, D. in April 2007 in Bielefeld. Under the title “Ge- Lachmann, C. Hauptmann sundheit kommunizieren – wie erreicht man wen?” Funding: Federal Ministry for Family Affairs, [Communicating Health – how do you reach Senior Citizens, Women and Youth whom?], the topic area of health communication Publication: was elucidated across disciplines on the one hand Schmidt, J.; Dreyer, S.; Lampert, C. (2008): Spielen im Netz. and, on the other, communication strategies were Zur Systematisierung des Phänomens “Online-Games” discussed. Further information on the network and [Playing on the Net. Systematizing the Phenomenon of “Online Games”], Hamburg (Arbeitspapiere des Hans- its activities are available under www.netzwerk- Bredow-Instituts Nr. 19; www.hans-bredow- gesundheitskommunikation.de. institut.de/publikationen/apapiere/ 19online-games.pdf). Researcher: C. Lampert Lectures: “Gemeinschaftsbildung durch Computerspiele” [Forming Communities through Computer Games], lecture by J. Schmidt 25. Television in Media Competition at the Seminar “Jugend und elektronische Medien” of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation on 24 July 2008 in Eichholz. The magazine Der Spiegel declared IPTV to be the magic word of the year in 2007; video ex- 24. The Network for Media and Health changes like YouTube and MyVideo.de propagate Communication “Broadcast Yourself”. Established television sta- tions are forced to compete still more strongly In the last few years, the topic of “Health Com- than ever before for that limited resource, the munication” has gained in significance in German attention of media users. Investigations tracking Communications research, as is reflected in nu- programmes are intended to show how the eco- merous projects and initiatives. Nevertheless, a nomics of attention has changed the spectrum of discussion on the relevance of the research area, offerings from television. In the publications particularly from the viewpoint of research into planned, basic strategies of competitive behaviour media and communications, is still outstanding. will be presented as they influence the dramaturgy The Institute is taking up the topic of Health and the aesthetics of television programmes. At Communication and is trying to stimulate the the same time, established programme areas will discussion on it as it relates to media by means of be considered equally with the innovations only projects, events and publications. offered since the 90’s by the television stations. In this context, one long-term project is the As here described, the strategies for securing their “Netzwerk Medien und Gesundheitskommunika- existence can also be applied to other media, their tion” (Network for Media and Health Communi- competitive circumstances and their strategies. cation), a joint initiative by Dr. Eva Baumann (University of Münster), Dr. Claudia Lampert Researcher: J. K. Bleicher (Hans Bredow Institute) and Dr. Constanze Publications: Rossmann (IfKW, München, Institute for Com- Bleicher, J. K. (2007): Fernsehen macht gesund und schön munications Studies and Media Research), which [Television Makes you Healthy and Beautiful]. In: N. Neuß; M. Große-Loheide (Eds.), Körper Kult Medien. In- would like to contribute to the interdisciplinary szenierungen im Alltag und in der Medienbildung. Biele- networking of participants particularly engaged in feld, pp. 113-124. Bleicher, J. K. (2007): The Old in the New: Forms and Functi- media-related health communication. Alongside ons of archive material in the presentation of television the provision of information on the Internet and a historiy on television. In: W. Nöth, N. Bishara (Eds.), Self-Reference in the Media. Berlin, pp.183-194. regular newsletter, the network organises confer- Bleicher, J. K. (in print): Das Private ist das Authentische. ences on various themes. In 2007, the Hans Bre- Referenzbezüge aktueller Reality Formate [The Private is the Authentic. The Points of Reference in Current Reality dow Institute supported a joint symposium of the

34 Research Projects „Use and Effects of the Media“

Formats] In: H. Segeberg (Ed.), Referenz in den Medien. television work of the NDR and the WDR be- Marburg. Bleicher, J. K. (in print): Neues Fernsehen, neue Programme? tween 1956 and 1961. Formen und Funktionen von Paratexten im IPTV [New Television, New Programmes? Forms and Functions of Researcher: H.-U. Wagner Paratexts in IPTV]. In: A. Gwozdz (Ed.), Paratexte in den Medien. Krakau. Publications: Wagner, H.-U. (2008): “Das junge Europa formt sein Gesicht”. Die “Generation ohne Heimkehr” im europäischen Kon- 26. Public Communication as facilitated by text [Young Europe Forms its Image. The Generation the Media from the 1950’s to the 1970’s without a Homecoming in a European Context] In: G. Burgess, H.-G. Winter (Eds.): “Generation ohne Heim- Since the beginning of 2008, after the completion kehr”. Heimat und Heimkehr in der “jungen Generation” der Nachkriegsliteratur. Dresden (in print). of the project on the history of the NWDR (see Wagner, H.-U. (2008): “Eine Spielweise mit Unendlichkeits- Project no. 27), the “Forschungsstelle Geschichte charakter” – Martin Walser und das Hörspiel [A Play- ground Characterised by Infinity – Maritin Walser and the des Rundfunks in Norddeutschland” (FGRN) – Radio Play] In: W. Schmitz (Ed.): Über Martin Walser. the Research Centre for the History of Broadcast- Dresden (in print). Wagner, H.-U. (2008): Harry Hermann Spitz (1899-1961). In: ing in Northern Germany, the Hans Bredow Insti- Lexikon verfolgter Musiker und Musikerinnen der NS- tute’s cooperative project with the NDR (North Zeit, http://cmslib.rrz.uni-hamburg.de:6292/ receive/lexm_ lexmperson_00002792;jsessionid=belflo5h8lblg? German Broadcasting), the University of Ham- wcmsID=0003&XSL.lexmlayout.SESSION=lexmperson_ all burg (Department of Languages, Literature and Wagner, H.-U. (2008): Ein Nestor mit allem Nachdruck: Der Media I) and the WDR (West German Broadcast- Hörspielpapst Heinz Schwitzke [A Nestor with Full Mea- sure: the Radio Play Supremo Heinz Schwitzk] MDR Fi- ing) – has devoted itself to selected questions of garo, 10.2.2008 public communication facilitated by the media, focussing mainly on the 1950’s to the 1970’s and Lectures: with a particular emphasis on programme offer- “Mit dem Großen Zackenbarsch auf Streifzug. Siegfried Lenz – Inszenierung von Autorschaft und Etablierung einer Erzäh- ings from NDR. lermarke” [Wandering with the big Grouper. Siegfried Lenz – Currently, three particular issues are being ad- Performing Authorship and Establishing a Narrator’s Trad- mark], lecture by H.-U. Wagner at the Europäische Akademie dressed: on 29 June 2008 in Sankelmark. (1) The FGRN analyses long-term effects of “Mehr als nur das ‚Schiff Esperanza’. Ein Porträt des Rund- media. Central to this is how media users deal funkautors Fred von Hoerschelmann” [More Than Only the with changing programme offerings by public ‘SS Esperanza’. A Portrait of the Radio Author Fred von Hoerschelmann], lecture by H.-U. Wagner at the Haus der broadcasting. What is at question in the research is Heimat des Landes Baden-Württemberg on 27 May 2008 in the formation of regional, national and European Stuttgart. identity as facilitated by the media. “Gespräch über Axel Eggebrecht” [A Discussion about Axel (2) The FGRN devotes itself to the role of Eggebrecht], podium discussion and presentation by H.-U. Wagner and H. Kesting at the Medienstiftung of the City of public broadcasters as central parties in public Leipzig on 1 February 2008. communication. The particular question posed “’Das junge Europa formt sein Gesicht’? Die ‘Generation ohne here is the role they play in connection with a Heimkehr’ im europäischen Kontext [“Young Europe Forms culture of remembering facilitated by the media, its Image. The Generation without a Homecoming in a Euro- pean Context], lecture by H.-U. Wagner at the colloquium especially in connection to issues of the Nazi past “Generation ohne Heimkehr. Heimat und Heimkehr in der and the process of coming to terms with it. ‘jungen Generation’ der Nachkriegsliteratur”, a collaboration (3) The FGRN conducts research on the North of the Internationale-Wolfgang-Borchert-Gesellschaft, the University of Hamburg and the FGRN on 24 November 2007 and West German Broadcasting Association in Hamburg.

(NWRV). The aim of this preparatory work is to Organistion and Moderation of “Medienhistorisches Forum für make a study on the basis of the methods of busi- Absolventen und wissenschaftlichen Nachwuchs” [Media- ness history possible, which analyses the NWRV historical Forum for Graduates and Young Researchers] a collaboration of the Studienkreis Rundfunk und Geschichte as an umbrella organisation spanning the joint with the Fachgruppe Kommunikationsgeschichte of the DGPuK (H.-U. Wagner with S. Pfau, S. Kinnebrock, M. Löb- lich) on 1 und 2 November 2007 in Lutherstadt Wittenberg.

35 Research Report of the Hans Bredow Institute 2007 / 2008

“Droge Arbeit. Literarische Reaktionen auf die New Econo- bration in the guesthouse of the University of my” [Work as a Drug. Literary Reactions to the New Econ- omy], lecture by H.-U. Wagner in the lecture series “Denn Hamburg. wovon lebt der Mensch?” at the University of Hamburg on 10 As a second step, the research centre worked July 2007. on the various programme offerings of the NWDR. Comprehensive studies regarding pro- 27. History of Broadcasting in Northern gramming history were conducted, dealing with Germany 1945-1955. the informative, educational, cultural and enter- Completed in 2007, this project of the “For- tainment programmes of the NWDR. In addition, schungsstelle Geschichte des Rundfunks in Nord- the history of television, as it began in Hamburg, deutschland” (FGRN) [Research Centre for the Berlin and Cologne after the end of the Second History of Broadcasting in Northern Germany] – a World War, and the content it offered was pre- cooperative project between the Hans Bredow sented. A comprehensive publication of these Institute with the NDR (North German Broadcast- findings ensued in May 2008 with the second ing), the WDR (West German Broadcasting) and volume of the Geschichte des Nordwestdeutschen the University of Hamburg (Department of Lan- Rundfunks [History of Northwest German Broad- guages, Literature and Media I) – devoted itself to casting] by the Hoffmann and Campe publishing the media-historical transformation process occur- house. On 2 June 2008 the NDR and the FGRN ring in the years immediately following the end of issued an invitation to the foyer of the Radio the Second World War. The subject of the investi- House 12 at the NDR and presented the volume gation was the history of the Northwest German publicly with a framework programme tracing Broadcasting (NWDR), which started as a radio broadcasting history. station of the British Military Government in May Simultaneously to its work in the two volumes 1945 and was established on 1 January 1948 as of “NWDR History”, the research centre partici- the first public broadcasting institution in Ger- pated in a more extensive research project on the many. pre-history of the WDR. It examined broad sec- As a first step, aspects of its organisational, in- tions of the institutional and programme history of stitutional and communications history, which the broadcasting house Cologne in the NWDR. trace the struggle between the British and the These studies appeared in 2006 in the first volume Germans over a new broadcasting model in of the three-volume work “Am Puls der Zeit. 50 northwest Germany, were especially analysed. Jahre WDR” [Taking the Pulse of the Times. 50 The public service model was asserted against Years of the WDR]. various forms of resistance and was subjected to Researchers: J. Fuge, C. Hilgert, H.-U. Wagner severe supervision when the German NWDR Publications: finally took over responsibility. Under the influ- Fuge, J. (2007): Appelle an das “Gute in dem Herrn Schwarz- ence of a variety of political forces, the NWDR hörer”. Schwarzhörer als Konstante der Rundfunkge- was dissolved as the central broadcasting institu- schichte [An Appeal to the Good in Licence Dodgers. Li- cence Dodgers as a Constant Factor in Broadcasting His- tion for the entire British occupation zone at the tory]. In: Das Archiv. Magazin für Post- und Telekommu- end of 1955; the North German and the West nikationsgeschichte 3, p. 6-13. Fuge, J. (2008): “Erziehung zum Qualitätsgefühl”. Programme German broadcasting were founded on 1 January für “Zielgruppen” / “Der Lautsprecher als Lehrmittel” [E- 1956. A summary of these findings was published ducating for a Sense of Quality. Programmes for Target Group / The Loudspeaker as a Teaching Tool]. Der Schul- in the first volume of the Geschichte des Nord- funk. In: H.-U. Wagner (Ed.), Die Geschichte des Nord- westdeutschen Rundfunks [History of Northwest westdeutschen Rundfunks. Vol. 2. Hamburg, pp. 163-168 / 169-181. German Broadcasting] by the Hoffmann and Fuge, J.; Hilgert, C. (2008): Aktuell und überparteilich, aber Campe publishing house in December 2005; it nicht unpolitisch: Informationssendungen und politische Programmangebote im Hörfunk des NWDR [Current and was publicly presented on the occasion of a cele- Non-partisan, but Not Unpolitical: Information Program- mes and Political Programme Offerings in NWDR Radio].

36 Research Projects „Use and Effects of the Media“

In: H.-U. Wagner (Ed.), Die Geschichte des Nordwest- [Nautical Charts for Broadcasting Captains. NWDR Lis- deutschen Rundfunks. Vol.2. Hamburg, pp. 105-149. tener Research / Mediator between Church and Radio / On Hilgert, C. (2007): Kommentare ohne Biss? Der NWDR im Difficult Ground. The Search for New Entertainment Konflikt mit der Politik [Comments without any Teeth? Forms]. In: H.-U. Wagner (Ed.), Die Geschichte des The NWDR in Conflict with Politices]. In: Fernseh- Nordwestdeutschen Rundfunks. Vol 2. Hamburg, pp. 49- Informationen 58, no. 8, pp. 18-20. 68 / 182-195 / 207-228. Hilgert, C. (2008): Mehr als “1:0-Berichterstattung”. Der Sport im Hörfunk-Programm des NWDR / “1:0 für Dr. Pleister”. Lectures: Der Sport im NWDR-Fernsehen [More than 1:0 Repor- ting. Sport in the NWDR Radio Programme / 1:0 to Dr. Submission and managing of the Panel “Radio for a Post-War Pleister]. In: H.-U. Wagner (Ed.), Die Geschichte des Society”, Panel at the Thirty-First Annual Conference of the Nordwestdeutschen Rundfunks. Vol 2. Hamburg, pp. 150- German Studies Association (GSA) (H.-U. Wagner together 162 / 311-319. with C. Hilgert, J. Fuge) from 4. to 7 October 2007 in San Langmaack, J. (2008): “Spiegel der Emanzipation”. Der Frau- Diego, USA. enfunk [A Mirror of Emancipation. Women Programme] In: H.-U. Wagner (Ed.), Die Geschichte des Nordwest- “Struggling for a New Way of Broadcasting. The “Implemen- deutschen Rundfunks. Vol. 2. Hamburg, pp. 196-206. tation” of the British Public Service-Model in Northwest Langmaack, J. (2008): “Je nasser das Hemd, desto trockener Germany after World War II”, lecture by H.-U. Wagner at the der Humor”. Adenauer, Eisenhower, Eden – mit Witz und Thirty-First Annual Conference of the German Studies Asso- Charme zeichnete er die Gesichter seiner Zeit. Der Kari- ciation (GSA) on 6 October 2007 in San Diego, USA. katurist Mirko Szewczuk im NWDR-Fernsehprogramm [The wetter the Shirt, the Drier the Wit. Adenauer, Eisen- “Lessons of Democracy – Contested Coverage of Politics in hower, Eden – he Drew the Faces of his Times with Wit Radio Programs of ‘Nordwestdeutscher Rundfunk’”, lecture by and Charm. The Caricaturist Mirko Szewczuk in the J. Fuge und C. Hilgert at the Thirty-First Annual Conference of NWDR Television Programme]. Online: www.nwdr- the German Studies Association (GSA) on 6 October 2007 in geschichte.de/ San Diego, USA. Wagner, H.-U. (2007): Eine “harte Nuss” als Geschenk. Vor 60 Jahren wurde in Hamburg die erste öffentlich- Event: rechtliche Rundfunkanstalt ins Leben gerufen [A Hard Nut as a Present. 60 Years ago the First Public Service Broad- “Die Geschichte des Nordwestdeutschen Rundfunks” [History casting House was Brought to Life] In: Fernseh- of the Northwest German Broadcasting], presentation for the Informationen 58 (2007), No. 12, December, pp. 23-28. final volume on the project by the FGRN (H.-U. Wagner) and Wagner, H.-U. (2007): [Rewiew] Von wegen “leere” Schubla- the NDR on 2 June 2008 in Hamburg. den! Studie zur zeitgenössischen Dramatik der ersten Nachkriegsjahre [On empty Drawers! A Study on Con- temporary Drama of the Early Postwar Years] In: 28. The Genre of Witnessing: Media, History Jahresheft der Internationalen Wolfgang-Borchert- Gesellschaft 19, pp. 54-56. and the Holocaust Wagner, H.-U. (2007): [Review] Radiotage, Fernsehjahre. Interdisziplinäre Studien zur Rundfunkgeschichte nach In the social memory of historical events, stories 1945 [Radio Days. Television Years. Interdisciplinary Studies on Broadcasting History after 1945]. In: Pub- by contemporary witnesses of the times play a lizistik 52, no. 2, pp. 283f. central role today. As research on memory and Wagner, H.-U. (2008): Auf der Suche nach der konkreten geschichtlichen Stunde. Die “Rundfunkarbeit von Chris- memorial cultures demonstrates, individual and ten” – am Beispiel des NWDR-Köln [Looking for the private memories are transformed into a collective Concrete Historical Moment. The Radio Work of Chris- tian Radio – the Example of NWDR Cologne]. In: Th. and public memory in a communicative process Pittrof, increasingly conveyed through the media. This W. Schmitz (Eds.): Wahrnehmung und Deutung der Ge- schichte in der literarischen und wissenschaftlichen Publi- applies especially to the memory of the persecu- zistik des deutschsprachigen Katholizismus. Freiburg (in tion of the European Jews during the time of Nazi print). Wagner, H.-U. (2008): [Review] “Hier spricht Hamburg”. Germany. Hamburg in der Nachkriegszeit. Rundfunkreportagen, In cooperation with researchers from Bochum Nachrichtensendungen, Hörspiele und Meldungen des Nordwestdeutschen Rundfunks (NWDR) 1945-1949 and Jerusalem, an application for a project is be- [Hamburg Calling. Hamburg in the Postwar Years, Radio ing prepared, which intends to use approaches Reporting, News Programmes, Radio Plays and Messages of Northwest German Broadcasting 1945-1949]. In: Zeit- from media history and the theory of media- schrift des Vereins für Hamburgische Geschichte (in cultivated perception to investigate the forms, print). Wagner, H.-U. (Hrsg.) (2008): Die Geschichte des Nordwest- contexts and effects of the media-transmitted deutschen Rundfunks [History of the Northwest German Broadcasting]. Vol 2. Hamburg. “contemporary witness” on the Holocaust. The Wagner, H.-U. (2008): Seekarten für die Rundfunk-Kapitäne. proposal envisages two closely interlinked mod- Die Hörerforschung des NWDR. / “Mittler zwischen Kir- che und Rundfunk”. Der Kirchenfunk. / Auf schwierigem ules, work on which will be conducted both in Terrain. Die Suche nach neuen Unterhaltungsformen Israel and in Germany. The plan is to shed light on

37 Research Report of the Hans Bredow Institute 2007 / 2008

the shifting “functions” of contemporary wit- the ARD, which investigated in all just over 5,000 nesses in the museal as well as the mass media “literary programmes” of the Reichssender Ham- context particularly using the interpretative forma- burg, announced in the programme guide “Die tions/ discourses/ media frames on the Holocaust Norag” or, respectively “Funk-Wacht” , which in as a ground for it. In this context, the attempt will a broad sense touched the frame of reference of also be made to trace longer-term effects of the literature. media. The investigation promises an insight primar- A research symposium took place from 27-30 ily into two areas: (1) the development of the lit- April 2008 on the topic: “Cultural Roots, Media erary field in the media metropolis of Hamburg Forms and Cultural Memory”. With the support of and (2) possible continuities and discontinuities the German Research Foundation (DFG) and the from the 1920’s into the 1940’s. The core ques- Stiftung Erinnerung, Verantwortung und Zukunft tions are: What role does radio play in the literary [Foundation for Remembrance, Responsibility and field? Does it represent a medium of modernisa- the Future], the organisers, Günter Thomas, Amit tion? What role did it play in the development of Pinchevski and Paul Frosh, invited 30 interna- the “media worker” in the 1930’s? Did it offer tional academics altogether to a two-day intensive regional offers of identity and/or new programmes discussion group in the Villa Vigoni on Lake specific to the Nazis, old or new experiential Como. A volume on the topic “Thinking Through worlds? Media Witnessing” documenting this further work Researchers: H.-U. Wagner, W. Stegemann by the academics is being prepared. Publication: Researchers: U. Hasebrink, H.-U. Wagner, C. Wagner, H.-U.; Stegemann, W. (in preparation): “Hansa- Hilgert deutsch, niedersächsisch, überhaupt niederdeutsch. Die li- terarischen Programmangebote des Reichssenders Ham- Cooperating Partners: Günter Thomas (University burg” [Hansa German, Lower Saxon, Low German above all. The Literary Programme Offering of the Reich Broad- of Bochum); Amit Pinchevski, Tamar Liebes- caster Hamburg]. In: H. Segeberg, I. Scheidgen (Eds.),. Plesner (University of Jerusalem) Hamburg. (Hamburger Hefte zur Medienkultur).

Lecture: Lecture: “Relating Media Witnessing”, discussion paper by H.-U. “Die literarischen Programmangebote des Reichssenders Wagner at the research smposium “Witnessing. Cultural Roots, Hamburg” [The Literary Programme Offerings of the Reich Media-Related Forms and Cultural Memory” on 27-30 April Broadcaster Hamburg], presentation of a concept sketch by H.- 2008 in the Villa Vigoni, Loveno di Menaggio, Italy. U. Wagner on the workshop “Medien und Medienforschung in Hamburg” on 18 March 2008 in Hamburg.

29. The Literary Programme Offering of the 30. Norag and the Culture of the 1920’s in Reichssender [Reich Broadcasting] Hamburg Hamburg Under the umbrella of the interdisciplinary re- The project concerns the literary programme of- search association on the cultural history of Ham- ferings of the Reichssender [Reich Broadcasting] burg (www.fkghh.uni-hamburg.de) academics Hamburg between 1933 and 1939/40 with the aim from various subject areas will comprehensively of comprehensively analysing these in the context investigate the Hamburg cultural scene during the of the literary field of Hamburg or respectively the Weimar Republic from 1 October 2008 to 30 Sep- northern German broadcasting area. tember 2009 and pass on their results to a wider The project is based on research conducted by public in 2010. Within the context of this project, the “Research Centre for History of Broadcasting the “Research Centre for the History of Broadcast- in Northern Germany” (J. Fuge und C. Hilgert) at ing in Northern Germany” will be responsible for the end of 2007 for the Historical Commission of working on the area of radio.

38 Research Projects „Use and Effects of the Media“

In the 1920’s a new mass medium appeared in in tracing the significance of radio in young peo- the shape of radio, which rapidly developed into ple’s lives. an decisive cultural factor. As an important met- This advances the project into a research area ropolitan centre in northern Germany, Hamburg as yet widely neglected. Contents, formations of became the seat of one of the large regional broad- discourse and mechanisms of reporting on young casters. On 2 May 1924, the regular broadcasts of people in the mass media were so far surveyed Norag, the “Nordischer Rundfunk Aktiengesell- only unsystematically. One popular tendency schaft” [Nordic Broadcasting Company] began. seems to be problematic, as it mainly focuses on As an institution with its staff as well as with its the phenomenon of the the “Halbstarken”-kids – varied programme offerings, in a few years Norag and does not cater for the heterogeneity of con- became a definitive actor in the area of literature, temporary young people and of the reporting. of musical life and of entertainment as well as a Sufficient integration into the international context decisive force in terms of the regional culture and was also often lacking in previous investigations. the Low German language. Very little is known about the relationship be- tween radio and particular listener groups. Even Researcher: H.-U. Wagner, W. Stegemann the programme offerings of the so-called “youth Cooperating Partners: D. Hempel (University of radio”, broadcasting aimed specifically at young Hamburg), F. Weimar (Hamburg) listeners, have not been sufficiently researched Lecture: yet. “’Hallo, hallo, hier Radio!’” Ein neues Medium verschafft sich Researcher: C. Hilgert Gehör: Die Nordische Rundfunk AG (Norag) in Hamburg 1924-1933” [‘Hallo, Hallo, this is the Radio. A New Medium Gets itself Heard. The Nordic Broadcasting Company (Norag) 32. The “Civil War of the Memories”. Political in Hamburg 1924-1933], lecture by H.-U. Wagner in the lec- ture series “Andocken II. Eine Hansestadt und ihre Kulturen Days of Remembrance in the Free and 1848-1933” at the University of Hamburg on 9 July 2008. Hanseatic City of Hamburg during the Weimar Republic 31. Radio and Youth Cultures in the 1950s In cultural research contexts, attention is often In the 1950s, young people in Europe and North devoted to Days of Remembrance and discourses America continually formed the subject of reports of memory in the media as a factor of political in the mass media. The widespread public interest culture and of political communication. In this, a in youthful (mis)behaviour reflected a fundamen- focus on the time after the Second World War is tal transformation process. After the “Lean Post- apparent, whilst the focus on commemorations in war Years” the first stirrings of a youth culture the Germany of the Weimar Republic still repre- with independent life and leisure styles began to sents a gap in research. Studies already available form from the 1950s onwards and are particularly proceed from the as yet uncontested paradigms, important for an understanding of the wider cul- according to which the society and political cul- tural and political development in the late 1960s. ture of the Weimar Republic suffered from a This PhD-project follows the media and cul- strong fragmentation into the most varied secon- tural-historical approach and examines the domi- dary cultures. Various milieus – from national nant discourses in the media about youth and ado- socialist to communist – are said to have merged lescence as well as the context of reporting in the together irreconcilable cultures of memory, which cases of West Germany and Great Britain; the had found no common thread or even a generally focus singles out radio as the dominating player accepted “National Day of Celebration”. within the contemporary ensemble of mass media. Referring to various remembrance days, this The study also has a complementary perspective PhD-project sets out to investigate the modalities

39 Research Report of the Hans Bredow Institute 2007 / 2008

and possibilities of political communication as well Forum for Art], the Forschungsstelle für Zeit- as various practitioners and their communicative geschichte in Hamburg [The Hamburg Research (inter)activity. Its goal is both to examine the frag- Centre for Contemporary History], the Hamburger mentation thesis more closely and to make consen- Institut für Sozialforschung [The Hamburg Insti- sual dynamics visible. The centre of its delibera- tute for Social Research], the Institut für die tions is the debate about the relationship of “Unity” Geschichte der deutschen Juden [The Institute for and “Variety” in the context of a social order, as the History of German Jews], the Körber Founda- already conducted by contemporaries in the area of tion, the State and University Library Carl von constitutional law: how much “difference” is possi- Ossietzky, the University of Hamburg and die ble in a pluralistic framework and where does the ZEIT Foundation Ebelin und Gerd Bucerius. The “excess”, that threatens the system, arise in this series was under the patronage of Senator Jörg structural principle? The project connects with Dräger, President of the Authority for Science and investigations of phenomena in presenting, com- Research in Hamburg and was generously sup- municating and perceiving politics in modern so- ported by the Spiegel-Verlag. cieties and investigates the mechanisms of public Under the title “Faszinierend verführerisch – remembrance as communicative process against the Medien in den Lebenswelten von Kindern” [Fas- background of its specific configuration in the first cinatingly seductive – Media in the World of German democracy. Children’s’ Lives], on behalf of the Institute Claudia Lampert and Uwe Hasebrink gave some Researcher: J. Fuge 180 visitors an insight into their work on 23 April 2007. They explained how children today grow up FURTHER ACTIVITIES in changing media environments, how they adopt Event the media’s offerings and what negative results can ensue from engaging with the media. Using Event Series “Nachgedacht – the example of numerous current offerings for Geisteswissenschaften in Hamburg” [Due children and drawing on various studies, they Consideration – Humanities in Hamburg] demonstrated how media research tackles this In the “Year of the Humanities 2007”, the Institute subject area and hence gives insight into the participated in the event series “Nachgedacht – communicative bases of culture and society. Geisteswissenschaften in Hamburg” [Due Consid- eration – Humanities in Hamburg]. Institutions Further Lectures: from the Hansa City looked at central topics in the “European Media, European Audiences, European Public Spheres”, lecture by U. Hasebrink in the context of the MCM Humanities and sought to prompt curiosity about lectures series at the University of Salzburg on 8 January 2008. questions surrounding understanding, morality, “Journalismus durch die westliche Brille? Ostdeutschland im text, language and culture. They displayed exam- Fernsehen” [Journalism through the Western Spectacles? East ples of what is being considered in their ranks and Germany on Television”], lecture by U. Hasebrink in the context of the team lecture series “Intercultural Alienation” at what they have to offer at monthly meetings in the the University of Hamburg on 24 April 2007.

Springer Verlag’s canteen, a protected historical “Zwischen Präsentieren, Vorführen und Ausblenden: Zum site. The events were free of charge and open to medialen Umgang mit der NPD” [Between Presenting, Ex- all. plaining and Fading out: on the Media’s Treatment of the NPD], lecture and chair by U. Hasebrink at a discussion staged Information on the individual topics, dates and by the Friedrich Ebert Foundation on 17 April 2007 in lecturers as well as on the participating institutions Rostock. were available at: www.nachgedacht-hamburg.de. Alongside the Institute, the participating institu- tions were Bucerius Kunst Forum [the Bucerius

40 V. USE AND EFFECTS OF THE MEDIA

Researchers: 2007/2008: Prof. Dr. Uwe Hasebrink (contact person), Hanna Domeyer, Anja Herzog, Dr. Claudia Lampert, Jutta Popp, Dr. Jan-Hinrik Schmidt

Associates 2007/2008: Talke Klara Hoppmann

33. Media Repertoires addressed in the framework of a qualitative inves- tigation within the planned project. The landscape of the media has changed radically over the last decades. Alongside the “old”, par- Researchers: U. Hasebrink, H. Domeyer, J. Popp tially modified media, users also have a multiplic- Funding: German Research Foundation (DFG) ity of new offers at their disposal. The DFG- supported project “Media Repertoires of Social Publication: Milieus as subject to medial Change – towards a Hasebrink, U.; Popp, J. (2006): Media Repertoires as a Result of Selective Media Use. A Conceptual Approach to the conceptual and empirical Establishment of a Rep- Analysis of Patterns of Exposure. In: Communications 31 ertoire-oriented Approach to Research into Media (2), pp. 369-387. Usage” concerns the question of how users as- Lecture: semble their personal repertoires from the entire “Online Media Entering the Media Repertoires of Different offering in the media and how the gradually ac- Social Milieus”, lecture by U. Hasebrink and J. Popp at the IAMCR conference 2007 on 23 July 2007 in Paris. creting media were integrated into existing reper- toires. In the context of the project, selected studies 34. Perspectives of Television Use in Digital on media use (Massenkommunikation, Media Media Environments Analyse, Typologie der Wünsche) are re-analysed The numerous technical possibilities in the digi- as regards patterns of use across all media. The talisation of production, of distribution and stor- project’s central aim is to acquire and describe age of media content, the increasing significance media repertoires: the nature of a repertoire re- of computer-based applications and services ac- veals how the particular types of new and old companying, and the interplay between various media are combined and what functional differen- media and communication services, as yet only tiations can be observed. In the course of the pro- discernable in its beginnings, are all opening up ject, the pertinent analyses are undertaken with scope for quite different scenarios in future televi- three selected data-sources, in order to obtain in sion. In the public discussion, the television set is this way an insight into stable patterns of reper- partly treated somewhat as a fossil, which will be toire formation on the one hand, and to reveal replaced very soon by computers, mobiles and individual results arising from the method of col- other multifunctional terminals. Then again, other lection, on the other. Not only the current compo- people prophecy a great future for the television sition of media repertoires is noted but also their set – if it can integrate the essential computer development over time. functions and simultaneously enable access to The project is designed to link readily into fur- online offerings and to the Internet. ther research directions. A linkage exists to re- The new technical options and, not least, a so- search into the role of media in the everyday life cial change are making it difficult to judge users’ of various population groups and is already to be behaviour in the future. This results in particular problems of orientation for television providers,

41 Research Report of the Hans Bredow Institute 2007 / 2008

who depend on adapting smartly to imminent by “information” and “to inform” and how public changes in users’ behaviour. service providers can address this. Against this background, the Hans Bredow In- The aim of the expertise was to use theoretical stitute has been commissioned by the ZDF to and empirical work from various academic disci- provide an expert opinion, which deals compre- plines and current trends in order to offer a con- hensively with the current developments in the ceptual framework for engaging at a fundamental television market. Various aspects of users’ be- level with the changes in what information is of- haviour have been compiled on the basis of corre- fered, needed and sought. In this process, the ex- sponding findings from previous studies and have tent of systematisation, the elucidation of the rele- been collated so that an overall picture of the cur- vant lines of development had priority. In addi- rent development emerges and of the relevant tion, well-founded assessments about the offer and trends becoming apparent in it. use of information in future years were drafted. The study followed four steps: The first step Researchers: U. Hasebrink, J. Popp, H.-D. clarified the concept of information as it is used in Schröder various disciplines and practical applications. The Commissioned by: ZDF second step discussed current shifts in the area of Report: information offers and their possible conse- Hasebrink, U.; Popp, J.; Schröder, H.-D.; in cooperation with quences. The third step considered the findings on N. Müller [2006]: Perspektiven der Fernsehnutzung in di- the population’s use of information. The fourth gitalen Medienumgebungen [Perspectives in Television’s Use in Digital Media Environments]. Hamburg, November step collated the preceding elements and consoli- 2006 [unpublished]. dated them into theses about the further develop- Lectures: ment of information offered by the ZDF. “Konvergenz – Szenarien der Mediennutzung” [Covergence – Commissioned by: ZDF Scenarios of Media Use], by U. Hasebrink a the the symposi- um of the ARD.ZDF Media Academy “Konvergenz gestalten: Researchers: U. Hasebrink, H. Domeyer journalistisch, technisch, strukturell” on April 2008 in Saar- brücken. Report: “Mediennutzung in konvergierenden Medienumgebungen” Hasebrink, U.; Domeyer, H. (2008): Informationsbedarf und [Media Covergence in Converging Media Environments], Informationssuche unter den Vorzeichen crossmedialer lecture by U. Hasebrink at the Manager Symposium of the Nutzung und konvergierender Angebote [Requirements ZDF on 20 November 2007 in Würzburg. and Searches for Information under the Heading of Cross- medial Use and Converging Offers] Hamburg, May 2008 “Mediennutzung in konvergierenden Medienumgebungen” (unpublished). [Media Covergence in Converging Media Environments], lecture by U. Hasebrink at the Symposium Zwischen Hype, Lecture: Ernüchterung und Aufbruch. 10 Jahre ARD/ZDF- “Informationsbedarf und Informationssuche unter den Vorzei- Onlinestudie” on 10 May 2007 in Frankfurt/Main. chen crossmedialer Nutzung und konvergierender Angebote” [Requirements and Searches for Information under the Head- ing of Crossmedial Use and Converging Offers], lecture by U. 35. Requirements and searches for Hasebrink at the ZDF on 26 February 2008 in Mainz. information under the heading of crossmedial use and converging offers 36. Convergence from the User's Perspective Information is one of the essential basic functions – the Concept of the Communication of television and represents a central component Modes of the programming responsibilities of public With this in-house project, the Institute is extend- service broadcasting. In view of the current devel- ing earlier work on the future of television use. In opments, which can be designated by the key- the face of the anticipated difficulty for research- words crossmedia and convergence, it becomes ers (as well as for media providers) in determining increasingly important to ask what we understand the tendencies of media use from the use of the

42 Research Projects „Use and Effects of the Media“

respective individual media, given an environment Lectures: where circumstances in the media are further con- Fernsehnutzung in konvergierenden Medienumgebungen [Television Use in Converging Media Environments], lecture verging technically, the concept of the communi- and moderation at a workshop of the Forum IPTV on the topic cation mode is being put forward. This merits “IPTV and ist Users” on 13 March 2008 in Hamburg. particular attention, for the very reason that it will “Identifikation von Kommunikationsmodi. Ein Ansatz, aktuel- become increasingly difficult to recognise from len Anforderungen der Rezeptionsforschung am Beispiel des ‚Internet’ zu begegnen” [Identification of Communication the use of a particular technical gadget what its Modi. An Aproach to Confronting Current Demands of Recep- users are doing. Using gadgets, which – to put it tion Research Using the ‘Internet’ as an Example], lecture by simply – can do “it all”, only the users themselves S. Hölig at the doctoral candidates’ workshop of the DGPuK section “Audience and reception Studies” on 24 January 2007 know in the last analysis, what they are doing in in Hamburg. concrete terms, that is, in what communication “Mediennutzung in konvergierenden Medienumgebungen” mode they are at any time. [Media Use in Converging Media Environments], lecture by U. The thesis here is that the boundaries between Hasebrink at the conference Mobile Content Days on 14 Sep- tember 2007 in Hamburg. technical media services are indeed blurring, but the boundaries between various communication 37. Mapping Europe: Identities, historical modes and their psychic, social and cultural sig- relations, media representations – The nificance are preserved. Integrating old and new Case of the Baltic Sea Region media does not mean a levelling of demarcations between the specific uses and every day routines The notions people in Europe have of their own connected to the various media services, leading cultural identity, of the European culture and of to some unspecific, general communication activ- the relations between them and finally of Europe ity. On the contrary: empirical findings, in particu- as a whole belong to the essential preconditions lar those that are deliberately seeking out patterns for an enlarged Europe. We deem these notions of individual media use that crosses the bounda- altogether “Mental Maps”. These are the subject ries between the various media, point to the de- of a research project, which is currently at the velopment of a very specific division of functions stage of application to the 7th Research Frame- between the various media services. In future, the work Programme of the EU. In the first round of Institute will systematically investigate these and applications, the project was actually assessed the communication modes connected with them: positively, but did not get as far as the group of in this way, this initiative presents a counterpart projects finally supported. The Institute intends to from the social sciences to work motivated by a re-submit a revised version of the concept for one jurisprudential approach, on a service-specific and of the next application rounds. diversified information regime. In the context of a The project comprises the following modules: PhD-project the communication modes are cur- a re-analysis of data on the economic, political rently being particularly identified, which can be and cultural relations of Baltic states is to be car- observed in dealings with the Internet. ried out in order to describe the objective back- ground for mental maps. In addition to that, the Researchers: U. Hasebrink, S. Hölig development of relations in the Baltic region is to Publication: be traced in its historical perspective. To explore Hasebrink, U. (2004): Konvergenz aus Nutzerperspektive: Das subjective and social mental maps, the following Konzept der Kommunikationsmodi [Convergence from the Users’ Viewpoint: The Concept of Communication steps are anticipated: the re-analysis of existing Modes]. In: U. Hasebrink, L. Mikos, E. Prommer (Eds.), European opinion surveys, a representative ques- Mediennutzung in konvergierenden Medienumgebungen. München (Reihe Rezeptionsforschung; Vol. 1), pp. 67-86. tionnaire as well as interviews with focus groups for extending the analysis of mental maps. To describe the role of the media in forming mental

43 Research Report of the Hans Bredow Institute 2007 / 2008

maps, various steps are planned: a historical sages in a heterogeneous, partially contradictory analysis of maps of Europe in the media (weather programme environment (for example, advertising maps, and similar), a content analysis of European for alcohol, sweets [candy] etc.) and also to the reporting in the participating countries, an analysis competition with other socialising influences. of the presentation of key historical events in the In the context of a qualitative study, the ques- reporting as well as an observation of programmes tion was, therefore, investigated as to whether and in the entertainment offerings with regards to in what way young people do notice health-related references to Europe and ways of depicting it. messages at all in fictional programmes in the context of their general use of the media and how Researchers: A. Herzog, U. Hasebrink, C. Hilgert, they evaluate them. The results show that health- H.-U. Wagner. related fictional offers certainly leave traces and can contribute to sensitising people to health- 38. Promoting Health in the Entertainment related topics, but they also point to the limits of Format? How Minors perceive and the Entertainment-Education initiative. evaluate Health-related Messages in Television Entertainment Programmes Researcher: C. Lampert Health topics gain in significance in teenage Publications: Lampert, C. (2003): Gesundheitsförderung durch Unterhal- years: physical and psychic changes come about tung? Zum Potenzial des Entertainment-Education- and the first experiences are made with narcotics. Ansatzes für die Förderung des Gesundheitsbewusstseins [Health Promotion by Entertainment? On the Potential of Young people are often difficult to reach with the Entertainment-Education Inititiatve for the Promotion health-promoting or preventative messages, as of Health Consciousness]. In: Medien & Kommunikati- onswissenschaft, Vol. 51, No. 3-4, pp. 461-477. they seek health information for themselves only Lampert, C. (2005): Gezielte Lebenshilfe durch Entertainment- comparatively rarely – unless they are directly or Education? [Targeted Assistance with Living by Enter- tainment-Education?]. In: medien + erziehung, Vol. 49, indirectly affected by a topic. Communication No. 5, pp. 33-37. strategies specific to target groups are needed, Lampert, C. (2007): Gesundheitsförderung im Unterhaltungs- format. Wie Jugendliche gesundheitsbezogene Darstellun- which take account of the interest in the topic, the gen in fiktionalen Fernsehangeboten wahrnehmen und need for information as well as habits of media bewerten [Health Promotion in the Entertainment Format. How Young People Perceive and Evaluate Health-related use. Representations in Fictional Television Programmes]. Ba- In the USA, Entertainment-Education was al- den-Baden. ready developed at the end of the 1960’s as a con- Lectures: cept, which exploited the attractiveness of enter- “Entertainment-Education Theory and Research: An Over- tainment offerings, in order to sensitise difficult- view”, lecture by C. Lampert in the context of the ICA- to-access target groups to topics related to health, conference on 20 June 2006 in Dresden. among other things. To do this, a message pro- “Zwischen Information und Entertainment – Suchtprävention in und mit Medien” [Between Information and Entertainment – moting health and integrated into an attractive Preventing Addiction in and with the Media], keynote address offering in the media or a specialised offer is de- by C. Lampert in the context of the annual meeting of the liberately developed on the basis of the Enter- specialist committee on preventing addiction on 7 September 2005 in Hamburg. tainment-Education concept. Various studies tes- “Gesundheitskommunikation durch Entertainment Education. tify to the concept’s effectiveness to the extent Zur Wahrnehmung und Bewertung von gesundheitsrelevanten that it could be shown that these pedagogically Botschaften im Kontext von Unterhaltungsangeboten” [Health motivated offers could contribute to sensitising Communication through Entertainment Education. On the Perception and Evaluation of Messages relevant to Health in people to the topics and in a few cases to a change the Context of Entertainment Offerings], lecture by C. Lampert in attitude or behaviour as well. At the same time, in the context of the specialist conference “Media and Health Communication” on 24 and 25 October 2003 in Loccum. however, comparatively little attention was paid to the placing of specifically directed media mes-

44 Research Projects „Use and Effects of the Media“

39. EUKidsOnline Funding: European Commission, State Media Authority of Northrhine-Westfalia, AOL, Children’s use of new media forms the core of this Microsoft Germany project proposal, which was accepted at the be- ginning of 2006 by the European Commission in Publications: the context of the Safer Internet Plus Programme. Hasebrink, U.; Livingstone, S.; Haddon, L.; Kirwil, L.; Ponte, C. (2007): Comparing Children’s Online Activities and This is an international networking initiative, Risks across Europe. A Preliminary Report Comparing which brings together the available data from Findings for Poland, Portugal and UK. Report for the EU Commission. London. across Europe on children’s use of media, makes Lampert, C. (2007): EU Kids Online – Kinder und Onlineme- it available to internationally cooperating partners dien im europäischen Vergleich. Onlinenutzung als Chan- ce und Risiko [EU Kids Online – Children and Online and identifies research needs on this basis. The Media Compared Across Europe]. In: tv diskurs, vol. 11, focus was directed on, among other things, the no. 3, pp. 4-7. following questions: Lectures: – What sort of research projects and data exist “Andere Länder, andere Risiken? Was lässt sich aus europäi- and what questions need empirical data? schen Erfahrungen lernen? [Other Countries, other Risks? What Can Be Learned From the European Experience?], – What risks exist, for whom, and for which lecture by U. Hasebrink und C. Lampert on 9 July 2008 in technologies?? Hamburg. – How do social, cultural and regulatory influ- “Gemeinsamkeiten identifizieren, Unterschiede erklären: Methodische Herausforderungen und empirischer Ertrag inter- ences shape responses to risk? national vergleichender Forschung am Beispiel einer Unter- – What similarities and differences exist across suchung zur Onlinenutzung von Kindern und Jugendlichen in Europa” [Identifying Commonalities, Explaining Differences: Europe? Methodological Challenges and the Empirical Results with – What questions and demands arise for (fu- Internationally Comparative Research Using the Example of an Investigation into Online Use byYoung People in Europe], ture) internationally comparative research? lecture by U. Hasebrink at the symposium of the DGPuK on 1 Institutions from 21 countries in all are par- May 2008 in Lugano. ticipating in the project group. Prof. Dr. Sonia “EU Kids Online – Work package 3: Comparative Findings”, lecture by U. Hasebrink at the meeting of the Steering Com- Livingstone and Dr. Leslie Haddon from the Lon- mittee for the Austrian Sector of the Project on 25 September don School of Economics and Political Science 2007 in Vienna. (LSE) are coordinating the network. “Chancen und Grenzen der Onlinenutzung von Kindern und Jugendlichen in Deutschland und Europa. Forschungsstand The entire project divides up into various pri- und Perspektiven” [Chances and Limits of the Online Use by ority topics, which concern, among other things, Children and Young People in Germany and Europe. Status of Research and Perspectives], lecture by C. Lampert und U. data access, questions of methodology, the de- Hasebrink at the eponymous workshop for Experts on 21 mands of internationally comparative research etc. September 2007 in Hamburg. In the last analysis, recommendations for action in “Faszinierend verführerisch. Medien in den Lebenswelten von Kindern” [Fascinatingly seductive. Media in Children’s Life- future research projects and measures for dealing Worlds”], lecture by C. Lampert and U. Hasebrink in the safely with the Internet and other online services context of Due Consideration – Humanities in Hamburg on 23 are to be worked out on this basis. The Hans Bre- April 2007 in Hamburg. dow Institute is undertaking to survey the data available in Germany and is coordinating a work package, in which a comparative analysis of the FURTHER ACTIVITIES international findings is to be produced. The project will last for 36 months. More de- tailed information is available at: www.eukids Further Projects online.de or www.eukidsonline.net. Serious Games for Health Researchers: U. Hasebrink, C. Lampert Computer and video Games are discussed publicly Student Assistants: E. Boller, N. Dargel above all with a view to potential risks and the

45 Research Report of the Hans Bredow Institute 2007 / 2008

protection of minors. New developments in games Funding: The Ministry for Generations, Family, advertise themselves with the potential of so- Women and Integration of the State of called “Exergames” to increase fitness as players Northrhine –Westphalia. have to demonstrate physical involvement. On the contrary, a great deal less attention has been paid The Separation of Advertising and editorial to date to games, which use their entertainment Offerings from the Viewer’s Viewpoint potential to communicate pedagogical and socially The rule on separating advertising from pro- relevant topics, be that in the context of politics, grammes is under discussion. The advertising medicine and health promotion. crisis and the financing problems have reinforced In the context of and expert opinion on the the tendency to merge programme and advertising topic, “Serious Games for Health”, a survey of the components more or less creatively, so that the status of the research and the potential of these question arises as to whether the separation rule computer games for health promotion is demon- might be regarded as the “yesterday’s model” (B. strated. Baerns). Researchers: D. Tolks, C. Lampert Going on from an exploratory study commis- sioned by the Hamburg Authority for New Media Evaluation of the Internet Portals of the MGFFI (HAM) on the question as to how far viewers regard programmes produced in cooperation with The intense dynamics of the Internet has become third parties as editorial or as advertising offer- apparent in technical innovations, but also in on- ings, by what characteristics they make this as- going changes of users’ expectations about infor- sessment and what consequences this has for the mation provided online. Even though the online perception of the respective programmes, the In- platforms of governmental agencies offer particu- stitute is continuing to engage with possible theo- lar and exclusive information or transactional retical and empirical approaches to the problems options, they do compete with private services and of distinguishing advertising from programmes. platforms: in their everyday use of the Internet, the users form certain routines (for example, how Researchers: U. Hasebrink, A. Herzog information is searched) and expectations (for example, when to expect interactive options), by The Role of the Media in the EU's Integration of which they measure the internet offerings. socially-disadvantaged Groups Against this background, the Ministry for Genera- Since it was founded, the European Union has tions, Family, Women and Integration of the State been able to point to considerable success with of Northrhine –Westphalia considers regular and regard to harmonisation on an economic and po- independent evaluations of its Internet platforms litical level; citizens’ social integration and iden- necessary and has commissioned the Hans Bre- tity-formation as Europeans, however, still dis- dow Institute with a basic report.Completed in plays great deficits. Identification with the idea of May 2008, the project on the one hand identified Europe and of the EU is essentially an elite per- current standards among online platforms and spective; socially disadvantaged groups in the portals, and on the other examined three portals of populace have a rather sceptical attitude towards the MGFFI according to these standards. the EU and feel less connected to it. Since the Researcher: J. Schmidt media play an important role in communicating information about the EU as well as in the forma- Student Assistant: S. Trümper tion of images of Europe, the Institute has devel- oped a concept for a project together with Univer- sity of Salzburg, which intends to investigate the

46 Research Projects „Use and Effects of the Media“

connections between personal experiences, media Workshop “IPTV and its Viewers” offers and media use with the attitudes towards Together with the IPTV Forum, the Hans Bredow Europe among socially-disadvantaged groups Institute mounted a workshop on the topic of Researchers: A. Herzog, U. Hasebrink IPTV and its viewers on 13 March 2008 in Ham- burg. Prof. Dr. Uwe Hasebrink first gave a survey Lecture: of television use in digital media environments. “Media use and Euroscepticism in the group of less well edu- cated people”, paper by A. Herzog at the IAMCR conference Dr. Birgit Stark, Austrian Academy of Sciences, 2007 on 23 Juli 2007 in Paris. explained selection strategies in digital television environments. Dr. Jan-Hinrik Schmidt gave a Events paper on how IPYV and Web 2.0 appear to view- ers. Subsequent to that, Zorah Mari Bauer, man- Symposium on “Reception and Effects Research: ager of zorah mari bauer media art gave a presen- On the Relevance of Research for Praxis and on tation from the perspective of an expert in media the Relevance of Praxis for Theory” design. A final discussion dealt with the question as to whether IPTV use is a mode of communica- Together with the Hamburg Media School, the tion for itself. Institute organised this year’s symposium of the specialist group on reception and effects research of the German Communication Association. The Further Publications contributions engage with the core question as to Hasebrink, U. (2007): Medienrezeption [Media Reception]. In: what academic reception and effects research and B. Thomaß (Ed.), Mediensysteme im internationalen Ver- gleich. Konstanz, pp. 145-162 media praxis can learn from each other. The ex- Hasebrink, U. (2007): Beiträge [Contribution] “Computer Use, International” (pp. 207-210), “Europe, Media Use in” (pp. amples presented on research relevant to praxis, 304-308), “European Broadcasting Union (EBU)” (pp. particularly in the area of strategic communication 308-309), “Radio, International” (pp. 686-688), “Televi- sion, International Viewing Patterns” (p. 808-810). In: J. J. and media design, will be published together with Arnett (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Children, Adolescents and reflections on the relation of theory and praxis in a the Media. Thousand Oaks. Hasebrink, U. (2008): Exposure to Television. In: W. Dons- volume of proceedings. bach (Ed.), The International Encyclopedia of Communi- cation, vol. 4. Oxford/Malden, pp. 1691-1697.

47 C. KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER AND SERVICES OFFERED

The Hans Bredow Institute directs its work to- Research and Transfer Centre “Games” wards three target groups: to the research commu- While relatively new, digital games have already nity, to institutions concerned with media and to overtaken other media with regard to revenues socially active participants in business, politics earned or time spent. As much as there is a fasci- and the general community, as well as to the (me- nation among certain (and growing) groups of the dia aware) public at large. population, public discourses also articulat fears One primary concern for the Institute’s work is about possible negative effects of computer games mediating between research and praxis. In com- on their users and on society . municating research results, it, therefore, uses the The Hans Bredow Institute has grouped its ac- entire range of media for communicating research tivities into a research focus on the subject of as well as forms of address tailored to wider or “Digital Games and Online Worlds”, in which more specialised audiences. To these belong interdisciplinary expertise in this research area events (discussions, short seminars or workshops will be transferred to interested parties. Its basis etc.) as well as short reports and expert commen- lies in the projects with relevant topics, for in- taries. stance, on the evaluation of the protection of me- The Institute’s permanent services include the dia for young people, particularly in the area of library and the research journal “Medien & Kom- video and computer games (see project no. 3), as munikationswissenschaft” (Media and Communi- well as in systematising the phenomenon of online cation Research). The Institute’s website (www. games in the project “Playing on the Net” (see hans-bredow-institut.de) forms a portal to the project no. 23). A lecture series staged in the most recent information on current research activ- summer semester 2007 and in the winter semester ity, publications and events. 2007/2008 with the University of Hamburg and The scientific community is the decisive yard- the University of Applied Sciences (HAW) has stick for quality and quality assurance in the area tackled this still little-known area of the media of research. Indicators can also be found, how- (the event was supported by the The Ministry of ever, for the quality of the Institute’s work in the Economic and Labour Affairs of the Free and area of praxis. Its performance in transferring Hanseatic City of Hamburg). Beyond that, the knowledge is apparent from the recognisable rele- Institute has contributed to a better understanding vance of the Institute’s work for its “stake- of the new “medium” via: holders”. – Wolfgang Schulz’s participation in the “Ex- pertengespräch zu Vollzugs- und Normsetzungs- Transfer to Media Politics and Praxis defiziten im Umgang mit Gewalt in Computer- Many of the Institute’s projects already have in spielen” [Expert discussion on deficits in enforc- their concept a – more or less strongly emphasised ing and setting norms in dealing with violence in – element of transfer function; this becomes clear, computer games] organised by the working party for instance, with the activities about the protec- on internal affairs of the SPD [Social Democratic tion of minors from harmful media (project no. 2). Party of Germany] members of parliament on 15 As examples of the Institute’s efforts over and December 2006 in Berlin; above this to contribute to solving problems in the – Stephan Dreyer’s participation in a panel in th social areas it observes, the following topics ought the context of the 4 Gfm (eGame marketing) to be mentioned, in which the Institute has deliv- World Congress on “In-Game Advertising and its ered comprehensive transfers of knowledge and legal Implications” on 28 March 2007 in Berlin; services in the period 2007/2008: – the lecture by Uwe Hasenbrink and Hardy Dreier on “Games – ein kulturelles, gesellschaft-

48 Knowledge Transfer and Services Offered

iches und ökonomisches Phänomen” [Games – a Directive on Audiovisual Media Services cultural, social and economic Phenomenon] as an The revision of the EC Directive on Television introduction to the lecture series Games – Zu- has dominated media politics on the European kunftsperspektiven interaktiver Medienangebote” level and was monitored intensively by the Insti- [Games – Future Perspectives for interactive of- tute. The Commission had presented a draft for a ferings in the Media] in the summer semester at subsequent directive in December 2005 and in the University of Hamburg on 4 April 2007; May 2007 the Council and the Parliament reached – the lecture by Hardy Dreier “Digitale Spiele a political consensus on audiovisual media ser- und ihre Plattformen I: PC” [“Digital Games and vices; it came into force in December 2007. their Platforms I: PC”], in the context of the lec- – The Institute is working on the project “Co- ture series Games – Zukunftsperspektiven interak- Regulatory Measures in the Media Sector”, which tiver Medienangebote” [Games – Future Perspec- was commissioned by the EU and delivers data tives for interactive offerings in the Media] in the towards implementing the directive (see the pro- summer semester at the University of Hamburg on ject “Neue Regulierungsformen im Medienrecht” 25 April 2007; [New Forms of Regulation in Media Law]). – the lecture “Computerspiele – Ergebnisse der – Wolfgang Schulz accompanied the reform Analyse des Jugendmedienschutzsystems” Com- process as a consultant, as in the “Focus Group 1” puter Games – Results of the analysis of the Sys- on the directive’s area of application; in addition, tem for the Protection of Minors from Harmful he served as an expert on the panel, “Rules appli- Media] in the Context of the Media Meeting Mid- cable to audio-visual content services”, Audiovis- Germany on 6 May 2008 in Leipzig; ual Conference – ‘Between Culture and Com- – Participation by Wolfgang Schulz in the Pa- merce’ at the invitation of the British presidency nel Discussion “Computerspiele – Ein Beitrag zur of the Council of the EU; in the Expert Group on Kultur oder Ursache für Amokläufe?” [Computer Cultural Diversity and the Promotion of European Games – a Contribution to Culture or Cause of and Independent Audiovisual Production; at the Runnning Amok?] at the first Cultural Salon of hearing of the Ausschuss für Kultur und Medien the CDU/CSU parliamentary caucus on 23 April des Deutschen Bundestages [parliamentary com- 2008. mittee on cultural and media affairs] into the re- form of the Directive on Television as well as at EU Conference “More Trust in Contents” the hearing in the European parliament. The conference on European media politics, – The discussion on the revision of the direc- “Mehr Vertrauen in Inhalte”(More Trust in Con- tive was also accompanied by talks and publica- tents), took place from 9-11 May 2007 in Leipzig tions in specialist media, above all on the topic of and was organised by the German presidency of the planned regulation of “product placement”. the Council of Europe in cooperation with the – The results of an investigation on the inter- European Commission). The Hans Bredow Insti- pretation by Wolfgang Schulz and Stefan Heil- tute was commissioned by the Federal Govern- mann of the concept of “editorial responsibility” ment Commissioner for Culture and the Media (see the project) and with that on the area of appli- (BKM) to provide its conceptual and research cation of the Directive was discussed at a meeting groundwork, together with the EMR (Institute for of the European regulatory authorities with the European Media Law). 250 media experts from all Commission on 4 July 2008 in Brussels. EU member states discussed ways of strengthen- ing confidence in the contents of digital media. Control of Media Concentration More detailed information is available at: The Hans Bredow Institute has contributed to www.vertrauen-in-inhalte.de. academically grounding the discussion of media concentration after the failed fusion of the pub-

49 Research Report of the Hans Bredow Institute 2007 / 2008

lishing house Axel Springer-Verlag and ProSieben Functional Responsibilites of Public Broadcasters SAT1 Media AG through: How far public service broadcasting can offer – Uwe Hasebrink’s lecture at the KEK (Com- programmes oriented towards public service also mission on Concentration in the Media) confer- in areas beyond the classical radio depends on ence “Medienrelevante Märkte in der rundfunk- national and European legal contexts. Staff of the rechtlichen Konzentrationskontrolle” (Media- Institute have here contributed know-how, among relevant Markets in the Control of Concentration other things through: under Broadcasting Law”) on 17 October 2005 in – Public Broadcasting in the Information Soci- Potsdam; ety”, Participation of U. Hasebrink at a hearing of “Wie erhalten wir die Medienvielfalt?” [How an expert group at the Council of Europe at 2./3 do we maintain Diversity in the Media?], Wolf- May 2005 in Straßburg; gang Schulz’s closing address at the public dis- – Academic consultation for the Federal States cussion on the topic of media concentration held by Wolfgang Schulz in the proceedings E 3/2005 by the Green Party members of parliament on 20 (Finanzierung der öffentlich-rechtlichen Rund- February 2006 in Berlin. funkanstalten – Deutschland / Financing of Public – Wolfgang Schulz’s participation in a panel Service Broadcasting-Germany), DG Competi- discussion held by the BLM (Bavarian Regulatory tion; Authority for Commercial Broadcasting) on “Die – “Public Value – im Dienst der Bürger. Der Meinungsmacht der Medien – Modelle zur Ge- Beitrag des öffentlich-rechtlichen Rundfunks zur wichtung von Medienmärkten” [The Media’s gesellschaftlichen Wertschöpfung in Europa “ Power to shape Opinions –Models for Evaluating [Public Value – at the Service of the Citizen. The Media Markets] on 17 May 2006; Contribution of Public Broadcasting to the Forma- – “Anregungen zur Weiterentwicklung des tion of Public Values in Europe], lecture by U. Konzentrationsrechts im Mediensektor” [Sugges- Hasebrink at the Munich Media Days, 18 October tions for further Development of the Law on Con- 2006; centration in the Media Sector], an opinion from – the written opinion by Wolfgang Schulz at Wolfgang Schulz at the hearing of the Ausschuss the hearing “Keine Rundfunkgebühr für internet- für Wissenschaft und Hochschule, Kultur und fähige PCs” [No Broadcasting License for PC’s Medien des Sächsischen Landtages [Parliament of capable of Internet Connection] at the committee Saxony Committee for Science and Education, for Federal and European Matters of the State of Culture and the Media] on 24 May 2007. Lower Saxony on 12 December 2006; – The lecture “Mediagovernance – Antwort – a suggestion by Wolfgang Schulz to imple- der Medienpolitik auf Digitalisierung und Global- menting and organising of the “Three-Step –Test” isierung?” by Wolfgang Schulz as an external for defining the functional responsibilities of pub- guest at the SPD-Medienkommission [Social De- lic service broadcasters (Der Programmauftrag als mocratic Party Commission on the Media] on 12 Prozess seiner Begründung [The Responsibilities November 2007. for Programming as the Process of its Justifica- – Participation by Wolfgang Schulz in the po- tion] published in the series of the Friedrich- dium discussion “Wie viel Konzentration verträgt Ebert-Stiftung) and presentation of the lecture at das deutsche Mediensystem?” [How much con- subject-related gatherings; centration can the German Media System stand?] – the participation by Wolfgang Schulz in the in the context of the Media Meeting Point on 6 podium discussion “Offene Flanken des zweiten May 2008 in Leipzig. Rundfunkgebührenurteils” [The Open fl – Participation by Wolfgang Schulz in the dis- anks of the second Ruling on Broadcasting cussion group “Weltmacht Suchmaschine” Fees] on 6 May 2008 in Leipzig. [Search Engine as World Power] at the Fritz- Erler-Forum Baden-Württemberg 15 April 2008 in Stuttgart. 50 Knowledge Transfer and Services Offered

Introduction of new Technologies such as DVB-H the ARD/ZDF Medienkommission [the media commission of the consortium of German broad- The Institute continually monitors the questions casters and of the Second German Broadcasting thrown up in the context of the introduction of Service] in Frankfurt, with the Bertelsmann Foun- new technologies like DVB-H and at the end of dation, the Körber Foundation and the ARD.ZDF 2006 it provided the results of its observations for medienakademie. anyone interested to download free of charge through the journal “DocuWatch –Digitales Fern- sehen” (see also project no. 6); the issue 3/2006 Transfer to other social Groups was specially dedicated to the developments in the The Hans Bredow Institute seeks to make its re- area of mobile television. It offers an extended search results profitable not only for media poli- contextualisation and a critical structuring of the tics and praxis but also for other social groups. It, current developments, points to the problem areas therefore, addresses a wider public as well, among and indicates the regulatory consequences of its other things with the following events and publi- findings. cations: – On this basis, Uwe Hasebrink gave a talk in April 2007 on “Internationale Erfahrungen mit der Event Series “Nachgedacht – Geisteswissen- Nutzung von DVB-H und DMB” [International chaften in Hamburg” [Due Consideration – Experience with Using DVB-H and DMB] at the Humanities in Hamburg] meeting of the MDR (Mid-Germany Broadcasting In the “Year of the Humanities 2007”, the Institute Service) working group on mobile television. participated in the event series “Nachgedacht – Changes in Media Use Geisteswissenschaften in Hamburg” [Due Consid- eration – Humanities in Hamburg]. Institutions Among the decisive questions for media politics, from the Hansa City looked at central topics in the as for media praxis, belongs the one as to how Humanities and sought to prompt curiosity about people’s dealings with the media change in the questions surrounding understanding, morality, face of the digitalised media environments. text, language and culture. They displayed exam- Alongside the basic project on media repertoires, ples of what is being considered in their ranks and which is supported by the German Research what they have to offer at monthly meetings in the Foundation, the Institute is developing synopses Springer Verlag’s canteen, a protected historical on the current status of international research, in site. The events were free of charge and open to direct cooperation with media companies and all. other institutions from the media area, and is dis- Information on the individual topics, dates and cussing the perspectives resulting from them. In lecturers as well as on the participating institutions 2006 the Institute produced a report for the ZDF is available at: www.nachgedacht-hamburg.de. (Second German Broadcasting Service) on televi- Alongside the Institute, the participating institu- sion use in digital media environments (see pro- tions were Bucerius Kunst Forum [the Bucerius ject no. 42) and presented this in the context of an Forum for Art], the Forschungsstelle für Zeit- internal workshop on 30 October 2006 in Mainz. geschichte in Hamburg [The Hamburg Research In 2007/2008 the Institute investigated the conse- Centre for Contemporary History], the Hamburger quences of convergence and crossmedia strategies Institut für Sozialforschung [The Hamburg Insti- for the population’s requirements of and search tute for Social Research], the Institut für die for information in a further expert opinion for the Geschichte der deutschen Juden [The Institute for ZDF. The results from these studies flowed on the History of German Jews], the Körber Founda- into various symposia, workshops and further tion, the State and University Library Carl von training courses by various institutions, as with the Ossietzky, the University of Hamburg and die ZDF in the context of its leadership symposia, the ZEIT Foundation Ebelin und Gerd Bucerius. The Hamburg Academy for Journalism and the Media, series was under the patronage of Senator Jörg 51 Research Report of the Hans Bredow Institute 2007 / 2008

Dräger, President of the Authority for Science and downloading) is constantly updated, as are invita- Research in Hamburg and was generously sup- tions to events or positions vacant. Anyone inter- ported by the Spiegel-Verlag. ested can subscribe to a newsletter giving infor- Under the title “Faszinierend verführerisch – mation about new developments every two Medien in den Lebenswelten von Kindern” [Fas- months or so. cinatingly seductive – Media in the World of In addition, this site permits online research in Children’s’ Lives], on 23 April 2007 Claudia the library catalogue. Materials and courses of- Lampert and Uwe Hasebrink, on behalf of the fered by individual staff can be found here on Institute, gave some 180 visitors an insight into their personal pages. their work. They explained how children today grow up in changing media environments, how Library they adopt the media’s offerings and what nega- tive results can ensue from engaging with the The book holdings are augmented by a serials media. Using the example of numerous current department with ca. 180 titles, which contains offerings for children and drawing on various German-language and foreign specialist journals, studies, they demonstrated how media research as well as press and information services on the tackles this subject area and hence gives insight subject-area mentioned. One frequently used rare into the communicative bases of culture and soci- item is the magazine “Hör zu”, which is held from ety. issue 1/1946 onwards. The library is accessible to everyone. Students of the University of Hamburg and of technical Media Enquiries colleges are its main users, but others come from The staff of the Institute is available to answer all over Germany. Beyond that are questions on enquiries on literature, subject-specific informa- literature from journalists: editorial desks in the tion and expert opinions and to consult on re- publishing houses located in Hamburg and broad- search enquiries. This sort of “informal” service is casting providers use the book holdings for re- often used by interested groups and is also called search purposes. There are also a large number of on intensively by journalists, who turn to the staff advertising agencies or businesses respectively, of the Institute frequently, and for whom the staff who need information on the media branch for of the Institute represents sought-after partners. their work, as well as law firms taking advantage Here, it is often a question of specialist assessment of the specialised offering of literature in the area of current developments in the media through of media law. interviews for television, radio, in online offerings As the library catalogue is completely accessi- or in the press. Frequently, however, it also con- ble online (at www.hans-bredow-institut.de/bibli- cerns discussions on the background with editors, othek, research can also be conducted from out- news agencies and associations. side Hamburg at any time. Here, the comprehen- Being as far as possible open to these sorts of sive assessment of specialist journals and of press enquiries is part of the Institute’s self-image, but it services as well as individual contributions to does not respond to every question; it often helps collections is a particular service: the journal ex- by referring on to relevant colleagues or with tracts from “Medien & Kommunikationswissen- background information. schaft” [Media and Communication Studies], or since 1988 from its predecessor, “Rundfunk und The Institute in the WWW Fernsehen” [Broadcasting and Television]) have been transferred electronically, so that they make The address www.hans-bredow.institut.de gives available a comprehensive bibliography of arti- access to the entire spectrum of the Institute’s cles, which has been added to since 1997 by the activities: information on the current research inclusion and indexing of the contributions in projects and on new publications (also for collections. 52 Knowledge Transfer and Services Offered

Currently ca. 47,000 data items are available to and contributions to discussions, reviews and users via computer. Information on the loan status reports on literature, a survey of new literature, of a book as well as on any reserves can also be extracts from the relevant international specialist accessed online. journals and an annual chronicle of developments in the media. Contact Person: Dipl. Bibl. Jutta Simon Assessment of manuscripts proceeds via an • Opening hours Mon 14-19, Tues 10-19, anonymous peer-review procedure, where experts Wed/Thurs 10-17, Fri 10-14 from the scholarly community provide opinions on • Online research via www.hansbredow.insti- texts submitted and in this way help to assure a tut.de selecting of contributions oriented towards schol- • Borrowing is possible with a Hamburg student arly quality. The editors ensure the greatest possible ID or with a personal ID with a Hamburg ad- transparency with an annual report (at www.hans- dress bredow-institut.de) • Copy facilities available The Nomos-Verlag has been offering the issues of “Medien & Kommunikationswissenschaft” Publications online since June 2007 on the website www.m-und- Alongside monographs, the Hans Bredow Institute k.info. Here, all volumes older than three years can issues above all the following publications and be downloaded free of charge as PDF files, that is, series: currently all volumes from 2000 to 2004 inclusive.

Medien & Kommunikationswissenschaft International Media Handbook The scholarly journal, “Medien & Kommunika- The International Media Handbook (see also pro- tionswissenschaft” (M&K) [Media and Communi- ject no. 5) has been edited and published by the cation Studies] has been published and edited Hans Bredow Institute since 1957 and appears in since 1953 (up to the end of 1999 under the title the Nomos-Verlag, Baden-Baden. The Handbook “Rundfunk und Fernsehen” [Broadcasting and offers concise information on the legal and organ- Television]) by the Hans Bredow Institute; it ap- isational bases of the media (print, broadcasting, pears quarterly in the Nomos-Verlag, Baden- online offerings), on the most important practitio- Baden. ners, on the media on offer as well as on the de- M&K offers a forum for discussion of questions velopment trends in all European countries and in related to media and communication, as well as for many states around the world. analysing media developments from various per- A new edition of the Handbuch is currently be- spectives and across all forms, be they “new” or ing prepared and is to appear in Autumn 2008. “old”. M&K is open to various scholarly disci- plines and methodological approaches and hence Publications for Downloading reflects the trends in research and the public dis- The series “Arbeitspapiere des Hans-Bredow- cussion surrounding the media. Instituts” [Working Papers of the Hans Bredow The spectrum of contents ranges from research Institute] appears in irregular sequence and on –based contributions into use and reception, jour- various topic areas under the imprint of the Hans nalism, media law and regulation, health communi- Bredow Institute: www.hans-bredow-institut.de/ cation, media economics, out of political communi- publikationen/apapiere/. cation, research into effects, cultural studies and – In the “Nordwestdeutsche Hefte zur Rund- media culture to media psychology and media eth- funkgeschichte” [Northwest German Papers on ics. Broadcasting History], results from the work of The journal runs to ca. 600 pages p.a. and con- the “Forschungsstelle zur Geschichte des Rund- tains articles on the development of theory, cur- funks in Norddeutschland” [Research Centre for rent reports oriented to results and methodology the History of Broadcasting in Northern Germany,

53 Research Report of the Hans Bredow Institute 2007 / 2008

see. Project no. 26], documents and interviews The series “Regulierung und Recht” [Regula- with contemporary witnesses are published. The tion and Law] edited by W. Schulz appears in the papers appear in loose sequence under the imprint Nomos-Verlag, Baden-Baden. of the Hans Bredow Institute and can be downloaded free of charge from the homepage at Events www.hans-bredow-institut.de/nwdr/publikationen. htm. The Hans Bredow Institute offers – according to topic and target group – various forms of events, Series in the Nomos-Verlag for instance, discussion series, intensive seminars or workshops etc. The series “Publikationen des Hans Bredow Insti- The events for 2007/2008 are described re- tutes” [Publications of the Hans Bredow Institute] spectively under the individual work areas. appears in the Nomos-Verlag, Baden-Baden.

54 D. HISTORY – GOVERNANCE – ORGANS

History Governance The Hans Bredow Institute was founded on 30 The Institute’s finances derive from subsidies and May 1950 by the then NWDR (Northwest German income from research projects, as well as publish- Broadcasting) and the University of Hamburg as a ing. The Hans Bredow Institute is entitled as a foundation legally responsible under civil law. publically-accountable foundation, to authorise The Institute was named after Hans Bredow, who sponsorships. had signally promoted the establishment of Ger- The subsidies come from the resources of: the man broadcasting as State Secretary and Commis- Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg, NDR Media sioner for Broadcasting in the Ministry of Posts in GmbH (advertising company of the North German the Weimar Republic. After a work-ban under Broadcasting), WDR mediagroup GmbH (advertis- National Socialism, Hans Bredow worked on ing company of the West German broadcasting), establishing public broadcasting post war in close Deutsche Welle, ARD-Werbung (advertising com- contact with the Chief controller of the NWDR, pany of the Consortium of German Broadcasters), Sir Hugh Greene. Zweites Deutsches Fernsehen (Second German The purpose of the Hans Bredow Institute as Television), Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Landesmedi- an independent, publically-accountable foundation enanstalten (the Working Party of Federal States’ is to conduct research into media, particularly in Media Institutions), as well as from the Medien- the areas of broadcasting, as well as of other elec- stiftung Hamburg/Schleswig-Holstein (Foundation tronic media, in an interdisciplinary fashion and to for the Media in Hamburg/Schleswig-Holstein). make the results available to scholarship, praxis The subsidy contributions are respectively granted and the public. year by year on application by the Institute. The interdisciplinary structure of the Institute’s research into media finds expression in the special- Organs ist orientation of its respective directors: from As a legally responsible foundation, the Institute 1950-1967 a historian, in the person of Egmont has three organs: the curatorship, the directorate Zechlin, was head of the Institute, from 1968-1970 and the Council. The curatorship meets in formal an educationalist, in the person of Hans Wenke, session at least twice a year. Its members are: from 1971-1979 a sociologist, in the person of Jan- Prof. Dr. Monika Auweter-Kurtz, President of peter Kob. From 1979-1995, the Institute was led the University of Hamburg (Chair) by academic lawyer Wolfgang Hoffmann-Riem, Dr. Erik Bettermann, Deutsche Welle from 1995-1998 by the political scientist and Antje Blumenthal, NDR Council scholar of journalism and communication, Otfried Dr. Thomas Fuchs, ALM Jarren. Since the summer of 1998 the academic Dr. Rolf Greve, Authority for Science and Re- leadership of the Institute has resided in a director- search, ate, which represents the two main pillars of the Prof. Dr. Karl-Werner Hansmann, University of Institute’s work, research into media law and com- Hamburg munications. Initially, Wolfgang Hoffmann-Riem Matthias Harbort, BKM (until December, 1999), Otfried Jarren (until July Prof. Dr. Jörg Hennig, University of Hamburg, 2001) and the communications scholar Uwe Hase- Prof. Dr. Knut Hickethier, University of Ham- brink belonged to it. Since July 2001, the director- burg ate has consisted of Uwe Hasebrink (Chair) and the Susanne Kayser, ZDF academic lawyer, Wolfgang Schulz. Lutz Marmor, NDR Eva-Maria Michel, WDR Prof. Dr. Horst Wernicke, NDR Council 55 E. STAFF OF THE INSTITUTE

RESEARCH EMPHASES AND INTERESTES OF THE ACADEMIC STAFF

Inka Brunn (born 1981) studied law at the Univer- Area of Video and Computer Games], www.hans-bredow- institut.de/presse/070628 Endbericht.pdf. sity of Hamburg and at the Norwich Law School, UK. She worked as a student for AOL, Germany. Hanna Domeyer, M. A., (born 1981) studied Jour- Since September 2006, she has been a member of nalism, Media and Communication Studies, as staff at the Hans Bredow Institute. Her interests well as Political Science at the Universities of emphasise copyright law, particularly with regard Göttingen, Warsaw and Hamburg. She has been to the challenges of the new media, broadcasting an academic staff member at the Hans Bredow law, here above all with regard to the position of Institute since November 2007. During her stud- the public broadcasting institutions and their fi- ies, she worked as a tutor and a student assistant at nancing, as well as questions of the protection of the University of Göttingen as well as a student young people. Further to this, she is interested in assistant in the project “Journalismus in Deutsch- the protection of personality rights vis-à-vis intru- land II” [Journalism in Germany II] funded by the sions by the press and in the various legal configu- German Research Foundation at the University of rations of this protection in Europe. Hamburg. During her entire studies she was a Projects 2007/2008 scholar of the German National Merit Foundation. • Present and Future of local and regional Television in She wrote her MA thesis on the topic of “Eu- Germany • Analysis of the system for the protection of young people ropäische Medien aus Sicht der Bürger – eine – Law on the Protection of Minors and State’s Treaty on rezipientenorientierte Analyse von Nutzung und the Protection of Media for Minors. Erwartungen” [European Media from the Citi- • The German system for the protection of young people in zens’ Viewpoint – a reception-oriented Analysis the area of video and computer games – general frame- work, enforcement and options for action. of Use and Expectations]. Her interests lie in the • Implementation of Evaluation – – Academic Monitoring areas of European public sphere and intercultural of Optimisation of Protection of Minors in Germany communication, new forms of public sphere and • Video and Computer Games: Going to the Next Level in political communication, integration and identity the Protection of Minors. Conception and conduct of a European Symposium through media, media use in new media environ- • Copyright in the information society – breaches of copy- ments and in the area of empirical methods. right by search engines. Projects 2007/2008 Teaching 2007/2008 • Requirements and searches for information under the Exercise in the context of the Case revision in media law at the heading of crossmedial use and converging offers Department of Law, University of Hamburg, winter semester • Media repertoires 2007/2008 and summer semester 2008-09 Publications 2007/2008 Lectures 2007/2008 Domeyer, H. (2007): Europäische Medien aus Sicht der Bür- Regulierung von Onlinediensten in Deutschland [Regulation of ger. Eine rezipientenorientierte Analyse von Nutzung und Online Services in Germany], lecture in the context of the Erwartungen. Abstract der Magisterarbeit [European Me- event “Themenreise Medienrecht und Pressefreiheit, Seminar dia from the Citizens’ Viewpoint. A Reception-oriented Medienrecht – Zwischen normativer Verankerung und Ethik” Analysis of Use and Expectations. Abstract from MA the- [Journey Around the Topic of Media Law and Press Freedom, sis]. In: Transfer 4/2007, www.dgpuk.de/transfer/print/ Seminar on Media Law – Between Normative Anchoring and transfer_2007-4.pdf. Ethics] on 22 October 2007 in the Foreign Ministry in Berlin Domeyer, H. (2008): Europäische Medien aus Sicht der Bür- ger. Eine rezipientenorientierte Analyse von Nutzung und Publications 2007/2008 Erwartungen [European Media from the Citizens’ View- point. A Reception-oriented Analysis of Use and Expecta- Brunn, I.; Dreier, H.; Dreyer, S.; Hasebrink, U.; Held, T.; tions]. Saarbrücken. Lampert, C.; Schulz, W. (2007): Das deutsche Jugend- schutzsystem im Bereich der Video- und Computerspiele [The German System for the Protection of Minors in the 56 Research Emphases and Interests of the Academic Staff

Hardy Dreier, M. A. (born 1965) studied journalism Lectures 2007/2008 and communications, political science and librari- “Online-Communities und kommerzielle Kommunikation – Überlegungen zur virtuellen Wirtschaft [Online-Communities anship at the Free University of Berlin. From 1994 and commercial Communication – Reflections on the virtual to 1999, he was a staff member in the area of eco- Economy], lecture in the context of the lecture series “Games nomic and mass communication at the Institute for Online – neue digitale Welten” [Games Online –new digital Worlds] at the University of Applied Sciences Hamburg Journalism and Communications Research at the (HAW) on 27 November 2007. Free University of Berlin. He worked as a re- Games Online – neue digitale Welten?” [Games online – new search consultant at the Hans Bredow Institute digital Worlds]” ] Introductory lecture to the series “Games – Zukunftsperspektiven interaktiver Medienangebote” [Games – from November 1999 to December 2008 and ob- future Perspectives for interactive Media Offerings] at the served and analysed the effect of the development University of Applied Sciences Hamburg (HAW) on 9 October of multimedia on the structure of the system of the 2007 (with G Rehfeld). media. His dissertation concerns the effects of “Digitale Spiele und ihre Plattformen I: PC” [Digital Games and their Platforms I: PC], lecture in the context of the team online developments on the German newspaper lecture series “Games –future Perspectives for interactive environment. His research interests deal with – Media Offerings, 25 April 2007 in Hamburg. also independently of multimedia – the constantly “Games – ein kulturelles, gesellschaftliches und ökonomisches changing structures of the system of the media, Phänomen” [Games – a cultural, social and economic Phe- nomenon], introductory lecture in the context of the team above all from an economic perspective. Here, the lecture series “Games –future Perspectives for interactive emphasis in content means, among other things, Media Offerings, summer semester, 4 April 2007 (with U. Hasebrink). engaging with the development of the market for screen-based games and the introduction of digital Publications2007/2008 television. Brunn, I.; Dreier, H.; Dreyer, S.; Hasebrink, U.; Held, T.; Lampert, C.; Schulz, W. (2007): Das deutsche Jugend- Projects 2007/2008 schutzsystem im Bereich der Video- und Computerspiele [The German System for the Protection of Minors in the • Communications and Media Report of the Federal Gov- Area of Video and Computer Games], www.hans-bredow- ernment institut.de/presse/070628Endbericht.pdf. • The music business in Hamburg – profiles, trends and Dreier, H. (2007): Keywords “Disney”, “Electronic Games, development opportunities History”, “Licensing and Merchandising”. In: J. J. Arnett (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Children, Adolescents, and the • The market for video and computer games Media. London. • The German system for the protection of young people in Dreier, H. (2008): Fernstudieneinheit Medienordnung des the areas of video and computer games – general frame- Verbands der Fachjournalisten [Media Organisation Di- work, enforcement and options for action stance Learning Unit for the Association Spezialist Journa- lists]. Berlin. Courses 2007/2008 Dreier, H. (in print): Das Mediensystem der Bundesrepublik Deutschland [The Media System of the Federal Republic “Games Online”, Preparation and organisation of the lecture of Germany]. In: Hans-Bredow-Institut (Ed.),International series “Games Online” at the University of Applied Sciences Media Handbook. Baden-Baden. Hamburg (HAW) winter semester 2007/2008 (with G. Hans-Bredow-Institut (Ed.) (pending): Gutachten zum Kom- Rehfeld) munikations- und Medienbericht der Bundesregierung [O- pinion on the Communicatin and Media Report of the Fe- Medienbetriebswirtschaftslehre” [Media Business Studies], deral Government]. Berlin Seminar in the course in media technology at the University of Dreier, H. (2006): Keywords “Arbeitsmarkt”, “Aufmerksam- Applied Sciences Hamburg (HAW) winter semester 2007/2008 keit”, “Bertelsmann AG”, “Bildschirmspiele”, “Breitband- kabelnetz”, “China”, “Cross Promotion”, “Deutschland”, Technikfolgen/Kommunikationstheorie” [Consequences of “Drucktechnik”, “DSL”, “Electronic Commerce (E- Technology/Communication Theory], Seminar in the course in Commerce)”, “Film”, “Holtzbrinck-Konzern”, “Konzent- media technology at the University of Applied Sciences Ham- ration”, “Marktzutrittsschranken”, “Mediaset”, “Micro- burg (HAW) winter semester 2007/2008. soft”, “Mobilkommunikation”, “Multimedia”, “News Cor- “Games – Zukunftsperspektiven interaktiver Medienangebote” poration”, “Pressevertrieb”, “ProSiebenSat.1 Media AG”, (Games –future Perspectives for interactive Media Offerings). “Satellit”, “Sony”, “Time Warner”, “Tonträger”, “Verwer- tungskette”, “Viacom”, “Vivendi”, “Walt Disney Compa- Preparation and organisation of team lecture series at Univer- ny. In: Hans Bredow Institute (Ed.), Medien von A bis Z. sity of Hamburg, summer semester 2007 (with U.Hasebrink). Wiesbaden. “Vertrieb in der Medienwirtschaft” (Selling in Media Busi- Dreier, H.; Hilgert, C. (2006): Electronic Programme Guides: ness), block seminar in the context of the course on Media Ökonomische Aspekte. In: DocuWatch 3/2006, pp. 10-16. Management at the Technical College St. Pölten, winter se- Hasebrink, U.; Dreier, H.; Dreyer, S.; Eilders, C.; Popp, J. (2006): Hörfunklandschaft Schleswig-Holstein [Radio mester 2006/2007 Landscape Schleswig-Holstein]. Eine Bestandsaufnahme nach zwanzig Jahren privaten Hörfunks. Kiel.

57 Research Report of the Hans Bredow Institute 2007 / 2008

Stephan Dreyer (born 1975) studied law at the “Analysis of the Law on the Protection of Minors and the States’ Treaty on the Protection of Minors: Presentation of the University of Hamburg. He has been a member of Results of the Investigation with Relevance for the FSK Asses- staff at the Hans Bredow Institute since February sors”, lecture in the context of the FSK Assessors’ symposium 2002. His research interest concerns the law appli- on 17 December 2007 in Wiesbaden. cable to the new media as well as the new forms “‘Killer’-Spiele: Wegsehen? Verbieten? Verharmlosen?” [‘Killer’ Games: Ignore? Forbid? Exculpate?], participation in of distribution platform, for instance, DVB-H or podium discussion in the context of the symposium of the IPTV. A further emphasis of interest is legal and working group for the protection of minors Hamburg and the North Elbe Evangelical Office for Young People on 7 Decem- regulatory questions in connection with video ber 2007 in Hamburg. games. Stephen Dreyer is a member of the re- “In-Game Advertising und die rechtlichen Implikationen” [In- search and transfer centre “Digitale Spiele und Game Advertising and the Legal Implications], contribution th Onlinewelten” [Digital Games and Online from the podium of the 4 GfM (eGame Marketing) World Congress on 28 March 2007 in Berlin. Worlds] at the Hans Bredow Institute. At the Insti- tute, he manages the didactic concept as well as Publications 2007/2008 Brunn, I.; Dreier, H.; Dreyer, S.; Hasebrink, U.; Held, T.; the organisation of the E-learning offers on the Lampert, C.; Schulz, W. (2007): Das deutsche Jugend- basis of the “Global Classroom” and “Black- schutzsystem im Bereich der Video- und Computerspiele [The German System for the Protection of Minors in the board” platforms. In the context of his disserta- Area of Video and Computer Games]. Hamburg, tion, he is investigating the problematic of legal www.hans-bredow-institut.de/presse/070628 Endbericht [final Report].pdf. decisions on uncertainty within the protection of Brunn, I.; Dreyer, S. (2007): Jugendschutz für Spiele – ein young people from harmful media. Spiel für den Jugendschutz? Was die Novellierung des Ju- gendmedienschutzes dem Bereich der Video- und Compu- Projects 2007/2008 terspiele gebracht hat [The Protection of Minors and Ga- • mes – A Game for the Protection of Monors? What the The Communications and Media Report of the Federal Amendment of the Protection of Minors against Harmful Government Media Has Achieved]. In: politik und kultur – Zeitung des • Implementation of evaluation – the academic monitoring Deutschen Kulturrates 1/2008, pp. 37-38. of optimising the protection of minors in Germany Brunn, I.; Dreyer, S. (2008): Jugendschutz für Spiele – ein • Spiel für den Jugendschutz? Was die Novellierung des Ju- Video and computer games: Going to the next level in the gendmedienschutzes dem Bereich der Video- und Compu- protection of minors against harmful media? Conception terspiele gebracht hat [The Protection of Minors and Ga- and conduct of a European specialist conference mes – A Game for the Protection of Minors? What the • Playing on the net – Systematizing the phenomenon of Amendment of the Protection of Minors against Harmful “online games” Media Has Achieved]. In: O. Zimmermann, T. Geißler (Eds.), Streitfall Computerspiele: Computerspiele zwi- • Analysis of the system for the protection of young people schen kultureller Bildung, Kunstfreiheit und Jugendschutz. – Law on the Protection of Minors and State’s Treaty on 2nd Edition, Berlin, pp. 70-73. the Protection of Media for Minors. Hans Bredow Institute (ed.)(2007): Analyse des Jugendme- • The German system for the protection of young people in dienschutzsystems – Jugendschutzgesetz und Jugendme- the areas of video and computer games – general fram- dienschutz-Staatsvertrag. Endbericht [Analysis of the Sys- tem for the Protection of Minors from Harmful Media – work, enforcement and options for action Youth Protection Act and the Interstate Treaty on the Pro- • Decisions on uncertainty within the protection of media tection of Minors from Harmful Media. Final Report], Oc- for young people. tober 2007. Hamburg, www.hans-bredow- • “Global classroom” – pilot project on the pedagogy of institut.de/forschung/recht/ 071030Jugendschutz- Endbericht.pdf. television from the viewpoint of media law Hans Bredow Institute (pending): Wissenschaftliches Gutach- • Activities in further education in Media Law and Profes- ten zum Medien- und Kommunikationsbericht der Bun- sionalisation desregierung [Academic Opinion of the Media and Com- munication Report of the Federal Government]. Berlin. Courses 2007/2008 Schmidt, J.; Dreyer, S.; Lampert, C. (2008): Spielen im Netz. “Medienrecht” (Media Law), lecture in the Department of Zur Systematisierung des Phänomens “Online-Games” Information and Communication at the Technical College [Playing in the Net. On Systematising the Phenomenon of ine-Games”]. Hamburg (Working papers of the Hans- Hannover, winter semester 2007/2008 (together with B. Bredow-Instituts Nr. 19; www.hans-bredow- Korte). institut.de/publikationen/apapiere/19online-games.pdf). Lectures 2007/2008 Schulz, W.; Dreyer, S. (2007): Community-Laws als Ausweg aus dem Web 2.0-Dilemma? Nutzergenerierte Inhalte als “The Protection of Minors from Harmful Media in Germany. Herausforderung für den Jugendmedienschutz [Communi- The Regulatory Concept, Drafting and Experience”, lecture in ty –Laws as a Way out of the Web 2.0 Dilemma?]. In: the context of the event “projuventute Jugendmedienschutzdia- tendenz 3/2007, pp. 14-15. log” [Projuventute Dialogue of the Protection of Minors from Schulz, W.; Dreyer, S. (2007): Möglichkeiten und Grenzen Harmful Media] on 18 April 2008 in Bern. gesetzlicher Jugendschutzvorgaben. Über das Verhältnis von Recht und Realität im Jugendmedienschutz. Artikel im Dossier “Verbotene Spiele?” der Bundeszentrale für 58 Research Emphases and Interests of the Academic Staff

politische Bildung [Possibilities and Limits of Legal Pro- “Rundfunk und Region – Diskussion um die Gestaltung des visions for the Protection of Minors. On the Relationship Rundfunks in Nordwestdeutschland 1945-1955” [Broadcasting of Law to Reality in the Protection of Minors against and Region – Discussion about the Structure of Broadcasting Harmful Media. Article in the Dossier ‘Forbidden in Northwest Germany 1945-1955], lecture at the conference Games?’ from the Federal Centre for Civic Education]. “Dealing with the Consequences of Nazism and War in Lower www.bpb.de/themen/DKZCBJ,0,0,Verbotene_Spiele.html. Saxony after 1945”, (17th Meeting of the Working Group for Schulz, W.; Dreyer, S. (2007): Verfassungsrecht und Jugend- medienschutz. Staatlicher Schutzauftrag und entgegenste- the History of 19 and 20th Centuries of the Historical Commis- hende Grundrechte. Artikel im Dossier “Verbotene Spie- sion for Lower Saxony and Bremen) on 17 February 20007 in le?” der Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung [Constituti- Hanover (with C. Hilgert). onal Law and the Protection of Minors against Harmful Media Article in the Dossier ‚Forbidden Games?’ from the Publications 2007/2008 Federal Centre for Civic Education]. Fuge, J. (2007): Appelle an das “Gute in dem Herrn Schwarz- www.bpb.de/themen/DKZCBJ,0,0,Verbotene_Spiele.html. hörer”. Schwarzhörer als Konstante der Rundfunkge- Schulz, W.; Dreyer, S. (2008): Die Ergebnisse der wissen- schichte [An Appeal to the Good in Licence Dodgers. Li- schaftlichen Evaluation des Jugendmedienschutzes aus cence Dodgers as a Constant Factor in Broadcasting His- rechtlicher Sicht [The Results of the Academic Evaluation tory]. In: Das Archiv. Magazin für Post- und Telekommu- of the Protection of Minors against Harmful Media]. In: nikationsgeschichte 3, pp. 6-13. medien + erziehung (merz), No. 1/2008, pp. 39-46. Fuge, J. (2008): “Der Lautsprecher als Lehrmittel”. Der Schul- Schulz, W.; Dreyer, S. (2008): Rechtlicher Rahmen, Lizenzie- funk [“The Loudspeaker as Teaching Aid”. Radio for rung und Regulierung von Radioprogrammen [Legal Fra- Schools]. In: H.-U. Wagner (Ed.), Die Geschichte des mework, Licensing and Regulation of Radio Program- Nordwestdeutschen Rundfunks. Vol.2. Hamburg, pp. 169- mes]. In: Holger Schramm (Ed.), Musik im Radio: Markt- 181. analyse, Konzeption, Strategie (Reihe Musik und Medien, Fuge, J.; Hilgert, C. (2008): Aktuell und Überparteilich – nicht vol. 2). Wiesbaden, pp. 52-76. unpolitisch: Informationssendungen und politische Pro- Schulz, W.; Held, T.; Dreyer, S. in cooperation with T. Wind gramme im Hörfunk [Current and Above Parties – Not (2008): Regulation of Broadcasting and Internet Services nd Apolitical: Information and Political Programmes in Ra- in Germany. A brief overview, March 2008 (2 ed.). dio]. In: H.-U. Wagner (Ed.), Die Geschichte des Nord- Hamburg (Arbeitspapiere des Hans-Bredow-Instituts Nr. westdeutschen Rundfunks. Vol. 2. Hamburg, pp. 105-149. 13, www.hans-bredow-institut.de/english/publications/ap/ 13-2Mediaregulation.pdf). Kathleen Grund, M.A., (born 1982) studied politics Janina Fuge, M.A., (born 1978) studied history, and organisational management as well as sociol- politics and public law at the University of Ham- ogy at the University of Rostock and wrote her burg. From August 2004 to the end of 2007 she master’s thesis on the topic of “Media Politics in worked at the “Research Centre for the History of the Third World – the Effects of Mass Media on Broadcasting in North Germany” on the question the Electors in the Developing Countries of Brazil of broadcasting history with regard to broadcast- and India”. Beyond that, she completed intern- ing to schools as well as to the informational and ships at the radio station Ostseewelle, the Ost- political programming of the NWDR; a particular seezeitung, the TV production house Ringcampus research interest concerns the “sneak listeners”. and at the ZDF. From May 2007 until February Beyond that, she is engaged on a dissertation pro- 2008 she was an academic staff member in the ject with the working title, “‘Civil War of the area of editing and public relations at the Hans Memories’. Political Days of Remembrance in the Bredow Institute. Her area of work includes pri- Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg during the marily the editing of the new edition of the Inter- Weimar Republic”. national Media Handbook as well as various other Projects 2007/2008 publications and events at the Institute, as well as • The history of broadcasting in North Germany 1945-1955 supervising the Institute’s events and public rela- • ‘Civil War of the Memories’. Political Days of Remem- tions measures. brance in the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg during Project 2007/2008 the Weimar Republic • International Media Handbook Lectures 2007/2008 “Schlacht der Erinnerung – Streit in der Weimarer Republik” Publication 2007/2008 [Battle of Memory – Conflict in the Weimar Republic], lecture Hans Bredow Institute (Ed.) (in preparation): Internationales at the 3rd forum junge wissenschaft on 22 November 2007 in Handbuch Medien [ International Media Handbook]. Ba- Dresden. den-Baden. “Lessons of Democracy – Contested Coverage of Politics in Radio Programs of ‘Nordwestdeutscher Rundfunk’”, lecture at Prof. Dr. Uwe Hasebrink (born 1958), after study- the 31. Annual Symposium of the German Studies Association on 6 October 2007 in San Diego, USA (with C. Hilgert). ing psychology and German philology in Ham- 59 Research Report of the Hans Bredow Institute 2007 / 2008

burg, he subsequently worked for three years at • The music business in Hamburg – profiles, trends and development opportunities the Institute for Social Psychology at the Univer- • Young people and Web 2.0 sity of Hamburg. He joint the Hans Bredow Insti- • The Genre of Witnessing: Media, History and the Holo- tute in 1986 as a researcher, from 1988 he also caust acted as the executive manager. In 1998, he was • Media repertoires elected to the Institute’s directorate. In 1999, he • Perspectives of television use in digital television envi- ronments was Acting Professor in Communications at the Requirements and searches for information under the College of Music and Theatre in Hanover. In heading of crossmedial use and converging offers. Spring 2001, he received a chair in “Empirical • Convergence from the perspective of the users –the con- Communications Studies” from the University of cept of communications modes Hamburg and the Hans Bredow Institute jointly. • Mapping Europe: Identities, Historical Relations, Media Representations – The case of the Baltic Sea Region Alongside that, he was spokesperson for the spe- • EUKidsOnline cialist group on reception research in the DGPuK • The role of the media in the EU’s integration of socially from 1998 to 2003, co-publisher of the series disadvantaged population groups “Rezeptionsforschung” (reception research) from • Designation of various forms of advertising from the 2003 to 2007, and a member of the Management viewer’s viewpoint Committee of the International Radio Research Courses 2007/2008 Network (IREN) from 2004-2006. He has been a “Wandel der Mediennutzung” [Shifts in Media Use], lecture at member of the Executive Board of the European the Institute for Media and Communication at the University of Hamburg, summer semester 2008 Communication Research and Education Associa- “Einführung in die Methoden der Kommunikationsforschung” tion (ECREA) since 2004 and in the curatorship of [Introduction into the Methods of Communication Research], the Academy for Journalism and Communications lecture at Institute for Media and Communication at the Uni- versity of Hamburg, summer semester 2007 and 2008 in Hamburg since 2001. His research emphases at the Institute are in the areas of media use and me- “Examenskolloquium” [Exam Colloquium] at the Institute for Journalism and Communication Studies at the University of dia contents as well as media politics; in recent Hamburg, winter semester 2006/2007, summer semester 2007 years these included primarily: patterns of indi- and 2008 (together with I. Neverla) vidual use and media repertoires, the convergence “Games – Zukunftsperspektiven interaktiver Unterhaltung” [Games –Future Perspectives for Interactive Entertainment], of the media from the user’s perspective, conse- lecture series in the context of the Public Lectures of the Uni- quences of online media for classical media, me- versity of Hamburg summer semester 2007 (with H. Dreier). dia use with children and young people, forms of “Europäisches Fernsehen” [European Television], lecture in user interest vis-à-vis the media as well as Euro- the contest of an intensive module at the Institute for Media and Communication at the University of Hamburg. summer pean media and European audiences. semester 2007 (with K. Hickethier). Projects 2007/2008 “Theorien der Mediennutzung und Medienwirkung” [Theories • The federal government’s report on communication and of Media Use and Effect], extension module at the Institute for the media Media and Communication at the University of Hamburg, summer semester 2007 • Media Users as Parties active in Civil Society • Possibilities for securing pubic service externally and Einführung in die Medien- und Kommunikationswissenschaft” [Introduction to Media and Communication Studies], lecture at internally the Institute for Media and Communication Studies at the • The “European Media and Public Spheres” (EuroMaPS) University of Hamburg, winter semester 2006/2007 (together desk with J. Bleicher). • International Radio Research Network (IREN) Das Mediensystem der Bundesrepublik” [The Media System of • Analysis of the system for the protection of young people the Federal Republic], Seminar at the Institute for Media and – Law on the Protection of Minors and State’s Treaty on Communication Studies at the University of Hamburg, winter the Protection of Media for Minors. semester 2006/2007. • The German system for the protection of young people in “Audiences and Public Spheres in Europe”, unit taught in the areas of video and computer games – general frame- English in the context of the Erasmus Mundus-Programme work, enforcement and options for action “Journalism and Media within Globalization: The European • Navigators and Electronic Programme Guides : the market Perspective” at the Institute for Journalism and Communica- in orientation aides for digital television environments tion Studies, winter semester 2006/07 (together with T. Hoppmann).

60 Research Emphases and Interests of the Academic Staff

Lectures 2007/2008 “Mediennutzung in konvergierenden Medienumgebungen” [Media Use in Converging Media Environments], lecture at the “Andere Länder, andere Risiken? Was lässt sich aus europäi- Conference “Mobile Content Days” on 14 September 2007 in schen Erfahrungen lernen? [Other Countries, other Risks? Hamburg. What Can Be Learned From European Experience?], lecture by U. Hasebrink and C. Lampert on 9 July 2008 in Hamburg. “How to organise media accountability? Structures and proce- dures of user participation in Europe”, lecture in the context of “New media and European Public Spheres”, lecture at the the working group on European public service broadcasting Bucerius Law School on 28 May 2008 in Hamburg. Policies at the IAMCR conference on 24 July 2007 in Paris. “Gemeinsamkeiten identifizieren, Unterschiede erklären: “Online Media entering the media repertoires of different Methodische Herausforderungen und empirischer Ertrag inter- social milieus”, lecture at the IAMCR conference 2007 on 23 national vergleichender Forschung am Beispiel einer Untersu- July 2007 in Paris. chung zur Onlinenutzung von Kindern und Jugendlichen in Europa” [Identify Commonalities. Explain Differences: Meth- “Wahl und Abwahl im Sekundentakt: Zum Umschalten bei der odological Challenges and the Empirical Gain of Internation- Fernsehnutzung” [Choice and Rejection in Seconds: on Zap- ally Comparative Research Using the Example of an Investiga- ping in Television Use], lecture at the symposium Wahl und tion of the Use by Children and Young People of Online Ser- Abwahl von Medien on 23 June 2007 at Leuphana University vices in Europe], lecture at the annual symposium of the Lüneberg. DGPuK on 1 May 2008 in Lugano Mediennutzung in konvergierenden Medienumgebungen” “Konvergenz – Szenarien der Mediennutzung” [Convergence – [Media Covergence in Converging Media Environments], Scenarios of Media Use] by U. Hasebrink at the Symposium of lecture at the Symposium Zwischen Hype, Ernüchterung und the ARD.ZDF Media Academy “Konvergenz gestalten: jour- Aufbruch. 10 Jahre ARD/ZDF-Onlinestudie” on 10 May 2007 nalistisch, technisch, strukturell” on 7 April 2008 in Saar- in Frankfurt/Main. brücken. “Journalismus durch die westliche Brille? Ostdeutschland im Fernsehnutzung in konvergierenden Medienumgebungen Fernsehen” [Journalism through Western Spectacles? East [Television Use in Converging Media Environments], lecture Germany in Television], lecture in the context of the lecture and Moderation at a Workshop of the Forum IPTV on the topic series “Intercultural Alienation” at the University of Hamburg “IPTV and ist Users” on 13 March 2008 in Hamburg. on 24 April 2007. “Rezeptions- und Wirkungsforschung: Zur Praxisrelevanz der “Faszinierend verführerisch. Medien in den Lebenswelten von Forschung und zur Theorierelevanz der Praxis” [Reception and Kindern” [Fascinatingly Seductive. Media in the Life Worlds Effects Research: on the Relevance of Researchto Praxis and of Children], lecture in the context of the series “Due Consid- the Relevance of Praxis to Theory], concluding statement at eration – Humanities in Hamburg” on 23 April 2007 in Ham- the eponymous symposium of the specialist group on reception burg (with C. Lampert). and effects research in the DGPuK on 26 January 2008 in “Internationale Erfahrungen mit der Nutzung von DVB-H und Hamburg. DMB” [International Experience with Using DVB-H and “European Media, European Audiences, European Public DMB], lecture at the meeting of the mdr working group Mo- Spheres”, lecture in the context of the MCM Lectures Series at bile Television on 17 April 2007 in Leipzig. the University of Salzburg on 8 January 2008. “Zwischen Präsentieren, Vorführen und Ausblenden: Zum Mediennutzung in konvergierenden Medienumgebungen” medialen Umgang mit der NPD” [Between Presenting, Ex- [Media Covergence in Converging Media Environments], plaining and Fading out: on the Media’s Treatment of the lecture at the Manager Symposium of the ZDF on 20 Novem- NPD], lecture and Chair at a Discussion staged by the Frie- ber 2007 in Würzburg drich Ebert Foundation on 17 April 2007 in Rostock. “Equal Opportunities for Whom? How Researchers and Politi- “Games – ein kulturelles, gesellschaftliches und ökonomisches cians Construct Citizens, Media Users, and Audiences”, key- Phänomen” [Games – a Cultural, Social and Economic Phe- note speech at the ECREA symposium 2007 on the topic nomenon], introductory lecture in the context of the team “Equal Opportunities and Communication Rights: Representa- lecture series “Games –Future Perspectives for Interactive tion, Participation and the European Democratic Deficit” on 11 Media Offerings, summer semester on 4 April 2007 (with October 2007 in Brussels. H. Dreier). “The Frameworks of Public Service Broadcasting: Citizenship “Accountability of broadcasters. Current Issues of European and Accountability”, lecture at the EURALVA / SLS confer- Public Service Broadcasting”, lecture at the Public Service ence “Broadcasters and Citizens” on 9 October 2007 in Co- Broadcasting Workshop of the Centre for Research on Socio- penhagen. Cultural Change (CRESC) in London at 9 March 2007. “EU Kids Online – Work package 3: Comparative findings”, Publications 2007/2008 lecture at the meeting of the Steering Committee for the Aus- Hasebrink, U. (2007): “Public Value”: Leitbegriff oder Nebel- trian Sector of the Project on 25 September 2007 in Vienna. kerze in der Diskussion um den öffentlich-rechtlichen “Chancen und Grenzen der Onlinenutzung von Kindern und Rundfunk? [Public Value: Core Concept or Smokescreen in the Discussion on Public Broadcasting]. In: Rundfunk Jugendlichen in Deutschland und Europa. Forschungsstand und und Geschichte, vol. 33, no. 1-2, pp. 38-42. Perspektiven” [Chances and Limits of the Online Use by Hasebrink, U. (2007): Mediennutzer als Akteure der Medien- Children and Young People in Germany and Europe. Status of politik [Media Users as Paricipants in Media Politics]. In: Research and Perspectives], lecture at the eponymous work- O. Jarren, P. Donges (Eds.), Ordnung durch Medienpoli- shop for experts on 21 September 2007 in Hamburg (with C. tik? Konstanz, pp. 303-324. Lampert).

61 Research Report of the Hans Bredow Institute 2007 / 2008

Hasebrink, U. (2007): Medienrezeption [Media Reception]. In: and Economics with Special Reference to Database Marketing B. Thomaß (Ed.), Mediensysteme im internationalen Ver- as a Selling Concept] (ongoing). gleich. Konstanz, pp. 145-162. Hasebrink, U. (2007): Sichworte [keywords]“Computer Use, Anja Hartung, University of Hamburg: Humor im Hörfunk und International”, “Europe, Media Use in”, “European Broad- seine Aneignung durch Kinder und Jugendliche. Eine qualita- casting Union (EBU)”, “Radio, International”, “Televi- tive Untersuchung [Humour in Radio and its Adoption by sion, International Viewing Patterns”. In: J. J. Arnett (Ed.), Children and Young People. A Qualitative Investigation] Encyclopedia of Children, Adolescents and the Media. (completed 2007). Thousand Oaks. Hasebrink, U. (2008): Das multiple Publikum. Paradoxien im Talke Klara Hoppmann, University of Hamburg: User Percep- Verhältnis von Journalismus und Mediennutzung [The tions of European Union Institutions & Communicator Percep- Multiple Audience. Paradoxes in the Realtionship of Jour- tions of Their Users: Images Enacted via the EU Website nalism and Media Use]. In: B. Pörksen; W. Loosen; A. (ongoing). Scholl (Eds.), Paradoxien des Journalismus. Theorie – Empirie – Praxis. Wiesbaden, pp. 513-530. Sascha Hölig, University of Hamburg: Identifikation von Hasebrink, U. (2008): Exposure to Television. In: W. Dons- Kommunikationsmodi beim Umgang mit dem Internet [Identi- bach (Ed.), The International Encyclopedia of Communi- fication of Communication Modes in Using the Internet] (on- cation, Volume 4. Oxford/Malden, pp. 1691-1697. going). Hasebrink, U. (2008): Zappen, surfen, simsen – Jugendme- dienschutz im Mediendschungel. Überlegungen aus der Martin Kahl, University of Hamburg: Die Trennung von In- Perspektive der Mediennutzungsforschung [Zapping , Sur- formation und Wertung als journalistisches Qualitätsmerkmal fing and Texting. Protoection of Minors from Harmful [The Separation of Information and Evaluation as a Journalis- Media Reflections on Reception Research] In: T. Dörken- tic Mark of Quality] (ongoing). Kucharz (Ed.), Medienkompetenz. Zauberwort oder Leer- Anne Kaun, Södertörn University/Schweden: Die russische formel des Jugendmedienschutzes. Baden-Baden, pp. 109- Minderheit und russischsprachige Medien im Baltikum [The 115. Hasebrink, U.; Herzog, A. (in print): Mediennutzung im inter- Russian Minority and Russion-language Media in the Baltic] nationalen Vergleich [Media Use in International Compa- (ongoing). rison]. In: Hans-Bredow-Institut (Ed.): Internationales Leif Kramp, University of Hamburg: Televisionen und die Handbuch Medien. Baden-Baden. Frage des Gedächtnisses. Strategien für die Arbeit von Fern- Hasebrink, U.; Lampert, C. (2008): Jugendmedienschutz im sehmuseen in Deutschland und den USA [Forms of Television Netzwerk. Plädoyer für eine integrative Perspektive [Pro- tection of Minors from Harmful Media in the Network. and the Question of Memory. Strategies for the Work of Tele- Plea for an Integrative Perspective]. In: medien + erzie- vision Museums in Germany and the USA] (ongoing). hung, Jg. 52, Nr. 1, pp. 10-17. Corinna Lüthje, University of Hamburg: Das Medium als Hasebrink, U.; Paus-Hasebrink, I. (2007): Young people’s symbolische Macht? Untersuchung zur längerfristigen, kultu- identity construction and media use: Democratic participa- rell-gesellschaftlichen Wirkung von Medien am Beispiel von tion in Austria and Germany. In: P. Dahlgren (Ed.), Young Citizens and New Media. Learning for Democratic Par- Klassik Radio [The Medium as Symbolic Power? Investigation ticipation. New York/London, pp. 81-101. of Longer-term, Cultural-social Effects of Media Using the Herzog, A.; Hasebrink, U. (2007): User participation and Example of Classical Radio ] (Second supervisor, ongoing). media accountability in Central and Eastern Europe. In: S. Frederike Wolff, University of Hamburg/HMS: Europäische Jedrezejewski (Ed.): The Medium with Promising Future. Staaten als Räume soziokultureller Diversität. Integrationspo- Radio in Central and Eastern European Countries. Lublin: Wydawnictwo KUL, pp. 35-50. tenziale öffentlich-rechtlichen Fernsehens und ihre Umsetzung Krotz, F.; Lampert, C.; Hasebrink, U. (2008): Neue Medien in Deutschland, Frankreich und dem Vereinigten Königreich [New Media]. In: R. K. Silbereisen, M. Hasselhorn (Eds.), [European States as Space of Soci-cultural Diversity. The Enzyklopädie für Psychologie, Serie V (Entwicklung), vol. Potential for Integration of Public Television and its Applica- 5: Psychologie des Jugendalters. Göttingen, pp. 331-359. tion in Germany, France and the UK] (ongoing). PhD Theses supervised Michael Brüggemann, University of Hamburg: Europäische Stefan Heilmann, LL.B., (born 1980) studied law at Öffentlichkeit durch Öffentlichkeitsarbeit? Die Informations- the Bucerius Law School in Hamburg and at the politik der Europäischen Kommission [European Public Sphe- re Via Publicity? The European Commission’s Information Victoria University of Wellington/New Zealand, Politics]. (Second Supervisor, completed 2008). with emphases on the area of information and Floria Fee Fassihi, University of Hamburg: “Werbebotschaften communication law. He was a student assistant in aus der Redaktion? Journalismus im Spannungsfeld zwischen the Hans Bredow Institute for 2 years and has Instrumentalisierung und Informationsauftrag. Die Vermi- schung von Werbung und redaktionellem Inhalt in den Me- been a staff member in the area of “Media and dien” [Advertising from the Editor ? Journalism in the Tension Telecommunications Law”, since June 2006. His between Instrumentalisation and the Duty to Inform. The Mixing of Advertising and Editorial Content in the Media]. research interests lie in the area of the regulation (Second Supervisor, completed 2008). of communications, particularly as regards devel- Jan B. Gottschalk, University of Hamburg: Kommunikation- opments in convergence as well as in legal ques- swissenschaftliche und ökonomische Einordnung des tions concerning user-generated content and Zeitschriften-Abonnements unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des Database-Marketing als Vertriebskonzept [Categorising online-games. Magazine Subscriptions According to Communication Studies

62 Research Emphases and Interests of the Academic Staff

Projects 2007/2008 with, among other things, the tasks of public • Influence of Private Equity in the Media Sector broadcasting. In connection with his dissertation, • Editorial Responsibility in the Directive on Audiovisual he investigated the legal questions of online offer- Media Services ings from the broadcasting institutions. A further • Obligations to provide Information in Telemedia Law and User-Generated Content area of his work is new regulatory concepts for Courses 2007/2008 broadcasting and the Internet internally and “Übung zum Gesellschaftsrecht” [Exercise on Company Law] abroad. He has a particular interest in legal aspects in the B.Sc. course of study in Management at the University of broadcasting finance and of protection of young of Hamburg, summer semester 2008. people, regulatory questions in the area of tele- “Übung zu Wirtschaft und Wirtschaftsverfassungs- communication as well as the tension between recht”[Exercise on commercial and commercialconstiturional Law] in the B.Sc. course of study in Management at the Uni- communicative freedoms and protection of the versity of Hamburg, summer semester 2008. personality. “Übung im Rahmen des Fallrepetitoriums Medien- Projects 2007/2008 recht”[Exercise in the Context of the case revison Course on • Influence of Private Equity in the Media Sector Media Law] in the Faculty of Law at the University of Ham- burg, winter semester 2007/08 and summer semester 2008. • Analysis of the system for the protection of young people – Law on the Protection of Minors and State’s Treaty on “Übung zum Wirtschaftsprivatrecht” [Exercise on privat com- the Protection of Media for Minors. mercial Law] in the B.Sc. course of study in Management at • The German system for the protection of young people in the University of Hamburg, winter semester 2007/08. the areas of video and computer games – general frame- Publications 2007/2008 work, enforcement and options for action Heilmann, S.; Held, T.; Mittermeier, M.; Schulz, W. (in print): • The future of controls on media concentration Kapitel “Rundfunkrechtliche Würdigung” [Evaluation Ac- • Search engines as gatekeepers in the Internet cording to Broacasting Law]. In: Schulz, W.; Kaserer, C.; • Trappel, J. (Eds.), Finanzinvestoren im Medienbereich. The possibilities for securing the public service externally Gutachten im Auftrag der Direktorenkonferenz der Lan- and internally desmedienanstalten. Vistas. Pre-Print online unter: • Co-regulation in the EU media area www.alm.de/fileadmin/ Download/ Gutach- • ten_Finanzinvestoren_21052008.pdf. Search engines as gatekeepers in the internet Heilmann, S.; Held, T.; Schulz, W. (in print): Chapter “Einlei- • Online offerings from public broadcasters tung”, “Rundfunkrechtliche Vorgaben”, “Schlussfolgerun- gen und Entwicklungspotenziale” [Introduction, Prescrip- Lectures 2007/2008 tion of Broadcasting Law, Conclusions and Potential for “Evaluierung des Jugendmedienschutzsystems – Ergebnisse Development]. In: Schulz, W.; Kaserer, C.; Trappel, J. der Untersuchung im Auftrag des BMFSFJ und der Jugend- (Eds.), Finanzinvestoren im Medienbereich. Gutachten im ministerien der Länder” [evaluating the system for the protec- Auftrag der Direktorenkonferenz der Landesmedienanstal- ten. Vistas. Pre-Print online at: www.alm.de/fileadmin/ tion of minors from harmful media – results of the investiga- Download/ Gutachten_Finanzinvestoren_21052008.pdf. tion commissioned by the BMFSFJ and the states’ ministries Schulz, W.; Heilmann, S. (in print): Redaktionelle Verantwor- for young people], lecture at the event “Next Generation tung – Anmerkungen zu einem zentralen Begriff der Re- Jugendmedienschutz?” of the “kölner forum medienrecht” on gulierung audiovisueller Mediendienste [Editorial Respon- 23 January 2008 in Köln. sibility-commentary on a Central Concept in Regulating Audiovisual Media Services]. IRIS Spezial. Straßburg (al- “Initiative ‚Ein Netz für Kinder’” [initiative a net for children], so in English and French). Introductory Lecutre at the discussion group of the representa- Schulz, W.; Heilmann, S. (pending): Reales Recht und virtuel- tive for the Federal Government for Culture and Media in the le Welten [Real Law and Virual Worlds] Berlin context of the initiative “Ein Netz für Kinder” on 22 March 2007 in Düsseldorf (with W. Schulz). “Medienrechtliche Fragen des Mobile TV” [questions of media Dr. Thorsten Held (born 1971) studied law at the law in mobile tv], lecture at the event “Potenzial und Rechts- University of Hamburg. He has been an academic fragen des Handy-TV” of the Working Group Law, Ham- burg@work on 22 January 2007 in Hamburg. consultant at the Hans Bredow Institute since 1998 and also belongs, as a lawyer licensed in Publications 2007/2008 Hamburg, to the “Büro für informationsrechtliche Brunn, I.; Dreier, H.; Dreyer, S.; Hasebrink, U.; Held, T.; Lampert, C.; Schulz, W. (2007): Das deutsche Jugend- Expertise” (i.e., Specialist Bureau for Information schutzsystem im Bereich der Video- und Computerspiele. Hamburg [The German System for the Protection of Mi- Law) since 1994. One emphasis of his work at the nors in the Area of Video and Computer Games], Institute is the question as to how the prescriptions www.hans-bredow-institut.de/presse/070628 End- bericht.pdf. for public communications under constitutional Hans-Bredow-Institut (Ed.) (2007): Analyse des Jugendme- law can be also fulfilled under changed social and dienschutzsystems – Jugendschutzgesetz und Jugendme- dienschutz-Staatsvertrag. Endbericht [Analysis of the Sys- technical circumstances. In this context, he deals 63 Research Report of the Hans Bredow Institute 2007 / 2008

tem for the Protection of Minors from Harmful Media, and trauen in Inhalte – Das Potenzial von Ko- und Selbstregu- the States’Treaty on Protection of Minors.Final Report] lierung in den digitalen Medien. Berlin. October 2007. Hamburg, www.hans-bredow- Schulz, W.; Held, T.; Dreyer, S. in cooperation with T. Wind institut.de/forschung/recht/ 071030Jugendschutz- (2008): Regulation of Broadcasting and Internet Services Endbericht.pdf. in Germany. A brief overview, March 2008 (2nd ed.). Heilmann, S.; Held, T.; Mittermeier, M.; Schulz, W. (in print): Hamburg (Arbeitspapiere des Hans-Bredow-Instituts Nr. Kapitel “Rundfunkrechtliche Würdigung [Appraisal in 13, www.hans-bredow-institut.de/english/publications/ap/ Broadcasting Law”]. In: Schulz, W.; Kaserer, C.; Trappel, 13-2Mediaregulation.pdf). J. (Eds.), Finanzinvestoren im Medienbereich. Gutachten im Auftrag der Direktorenkonferenz der Landesmedienan- stalten. Vistas. Pre-Print online at: www.alm.de/fileadmin/ Anja Herzog, M.A., (born 1964) studied Slavistics Download/ Gutachten_Finanzinvestoren_21052008.pdf. Heilmann, S.; Held, T.; Schulz, W. (in print): Kapitel “Einlei- and History at the University of Hamburg and tung”, “Rundfunkrechtliche Vorgaben”, “Schlussfolgerun- journalism at the University of St. Petersburg. As gen und Entwicklungspotenziale” [Prescriptions in Broad- casting Law, Conclusions and Potential for Development]. a student, she worked on numerous projects at the In: Schulz, W.; Kaserer, C.; Trappel, J. (Eds.), Finanzin- vestoren im Medienbereich. Gutachten im Auftrag der Di- Hans Bredow Institute as well as the International rektorenkonferenz der Landesmedienanstalten. Vistas. Media Handbook. She was subsequently responsi- Pre-Print online at: www.alm.de/fileadmin/ Download/ Gutachten_Finanzinvestoren_21052008.pdf. ble for constructing a “Netzwerk unabhängiger Held, T. (2007): Co-Regulation in European Union Member Medienforschung in Mittel- und Osteuropa” States. In: Communications 32, pp. 415-422. Held, T. (2008): Kommentierung zu §§ 11 Abs. 1 S. 2 RStV, 4 (Network of Independent Media Research in Cen- Abs. 3 ARD-/ZDF-/DLR-StV [Commentary to Statute 11 tral and Eastern Europe). In the context of the Para 1 p. 2 RStV 4 Para 3 ARD-/ZDF-/DLR-StV ]In: W. Hahn, T. Vesting (Eds.), Beck’scher Kommentar zum project, “European Association for Viewers’ In- Rundfunkrecht (2nd ed.) München. terests”, she worked on the preparations for found- Held, T. (2008): Kommentierung zu §§ 17, 19, 21 JMStV [Commentary to Statute 17,19,21 JMStV]. In: W. Hahn, T. ing a European viewers’ association. She is a Vesting (Eds.), Beck'scher Kommentar zum Rundfunk- member at the research centre “European Media recht (2nd ed.). München. Held, T. (2008): Kommentierung zu §§ 54, 55, 60, 61 RStV and Public Spheres” (EuroMaPS) at the University [Commentary to Statute 54,55,60,61 RStV]. In: W. Hahn, of Hamburg, promoting the exchange of research T. Vesting (Eds.), Beck’scher Kommentar zum Rundfunk- recht (2nd ed.). München. on questions of European integration and the Held, T. (2008): Öffentlich-rechtlicher Rundfunk und neue European public sphere(s). She is also involved in Dienste – Ergebnisse einer Analyse des Funktionsauftrags der Rundfunkanstalten im Hinblick auf digitale Angebote research dealing with the role of the media with jenseits des klassischen Rundfunks [Public Broadcasting regard to the involvement of citizens on a Euro- and New Services –Results of an Analysis of the Tasks of the Broadcsting Houses As Regards Digital Offerings pean level and the formation of a European iden- Beyond the Classical Broadcasing]. Berlin. tity. She has been also dealing with tasks of over- Held, T. (pending): Medienordnungs- und –aufsichtsrecht [Media Regulation and Supervision Law]. In: W. Berlit, C. all research organisation and project acquisition in Meyer, M. Paschke (Eds.), Hamburger Kommentar zum the context of a back-office position at the board gesamten Medienrecht. Baden-Baden. Schulz, W.; Held, T. (2007): Der Index auf dem Index? Selbst- of directors since April 2007. Beside this, she zensur und Zensur bei Suchmaschinen [The Index on the works on the editing of the International Media Index? Self Censorship and Censorship With Search En- gines]. In: M. Machill, M. Beiler (Eds.), Die Macht der Handbook. Suchmaschinen / The Power of Search Engines. Köln, p. 71-86. Projects 2007/2008 Schulz, W.; Held, T. (2007): Regulierung crossmedialer Akti- • International Media Handbook vitäten in ausländischen Medienordnungen [Regulating Cross-Medial Activities in Media Regulation Abroad]. In: • Media Users as Civil Society Actors Kommission zur Ermittlung der Konzentration im Me- • Research centre “European Media and Public Spheres” dienbereich, Dritter Medienkonzentrationsbericht: Cross- (EuroMaPS) mediale Verflechtungen als Herausforderung für die Kon- • zentrationskontrolle. Potsdam, p. 403-438. International Radio Research Network Schulz, W.; Held, T. (2007): Verfassungsrechtliche Grundsätze • The role of the media in the EU integration of socially- und Media Governance [Constitutional Principles and disadvantaged groups Media Governance]. In: P. Donges (Eds.), Von der Me- • dienpolitik zur Media Governance. Köln, p. 85-102. Mapping Europe: Identities, historical relations, media Schulz, W.; Held, T. (2008): Kommentierung zu §§ 1, 3, 13- representations – the case of the Baltic Sea region 16, 18, 20 JMStV [Commentary to Statute 1.3.13-16,18,20 JMStV]. In: W. Hahn, T. Vesting (Eds.), Beck'scher Lectures 2007/2008 Kommentar zum Rundfunkrecht (2nd ed.). München. “European Citizens as Media Users”, lecture at the Workshop Schulz, W.; Held, T. (in print): Handlungsperspektiven zur of the Institute for Human Sciences “Towards a European Stärkung des Vertrauens in Inhalte digitaler Medien [Per- Public Space. International Workshop on European Media spectives for Action in Reinforcing the Trust in the Con- Networking” on 8 November 2007 in Vienna. tents of Digital Media]. In: BKM/LfM (Ed.), Mehr Ver-

64 Research Emphases and Interests of the Academic Staff

“Media Use and Euroscepticism in the Group of Less Well Thorsten Ihler (born 1980) studied Law at the Uni- Educated People”, lecture at the IAMCR conference 2007 on 23 July 2007 in Paris. versity of Hamburg, focussing in particular on the public law on information and communication as Publications 2007/2008 Hasebrink, U.; Herzog, A. (pending): Mediennutzung im well as on the protection of industrial property. He internationalen Vergleich [Media Use in International began working for the Hans Bredow Institute as a Comparison]. In: Hans-Bredow-Institut (Ed.), Internatio- nales Handbuch Medien. Baden-Baden. student assistant in 2005 and has been an aca- Herzog, A.; Hasebrink, U. (2007): User Participation and demic staff member in the area of media and tele- Media Accountability in Central and Eastern Europe. In: S. Jedrezejewski (Ed.), The Medium with Promising Fu- communications law since March 2008. His re- ture. Radio in Central and Eastern European Countries. search interests lie in the area of the protection of Lublin, pp. 35-50. minors from harmful media as well as in the law on data protection. Sascha Hölig, M.A., (born 1976) studied media studies (communications), sociology and philoso- Projects 2007/2008 • phy at the Friedrich Schiller University of Jena as Analysis of the system for the protection of young people – Law on the Protection of Minors and State’s Treaty on well as at the International School of Social Sci- the Protection of Media for Minors. ence of the University of Tampere (Finland). In • Implementation of Evaluation – – Academic Monitoring his Master’s thesis, he examined the journalistic of Optimisation of Protection of Minors in Germany selection criteria in determining topics and in presenting molecular medicine in TV science Dr. Claudia Lampert (born 1972) studied education magazines. Since May 2007, he has been working with special emphasis on media pedagogy at the for the Chair in Empirical Communication Studies University of Lüneburg and at the University of (Prof. Dr. Uwe Hasebrink) at the Institute for Me- Hamburg, where she gained a doctorate in 2006 dia and Communication at the University of Ham- with a study on the potential of fictional television burg. In his research, he is interested in the areas programmes for promoting health. She has been of media use and media effects. In his PhD-thesis working as a research consultant at the Hans Bre- he deals with the “Identifikation von Kommunika- dow Institute since April 1999. One of her particu- tionsmodi” [Identification of Communication lar research interests and emphases is in the area Modes]. of media socialisation and media-education. In the Projects 2007/2008 context of various projects, she is currently work- • Convergence from the user’s perspective – the concept of ing on the role of digital media in the every-day communication modes lives of children and adolescents. She has been a Courses 2007/2008: member of the Erfurt Netcode, an organisation in “Methoden der empirischen Kommunikationsforschung” support of quality online offerings for children. In [Methods of Empirical Communication Research], seminar at addition, she is working in the subject area of the Institute for Media and Communication at the University of Hamburg, summer semester 2007 and 2008. media-related health communication and, in par- ticular, on the potential benefits of entertainment “Das Mediensystem der Bundesrepublik” [The German Media System], seminar at the Institute for Media and Communica- offerings in the media such as TV series, com- tion at the University of Hamburg, winter semester 2007/08. puter and video games etc. with regard to the pre- “Einführung in die Medien- und Kommunikationswissen- vention of illness and health promotion (keyword: schaft” [Introduction into Media and Communication Studies], lecture at the Institute for Media and Communication at the Entertainment-Education). University of Hamburg, winter semester 2007/08 (with K. Projects 2007/2008 Hickethier). • Young People and Web 2.) Lecture 2007/2008 • EUKidsOnline – European Research on Cultural, Contex- “Identifikation von Kommunikationsmodi” [Identification of tual and Risk Issues in Children's Safe Use of the Internet Communication Modes], workshop at the conference of the and New Media DGPuK Section “Audience and Reception Studies” on 24 • Analysis of the system for the protection of young people January 2008 in Hamburg. – Law on the Protection of Minors and States’ Treaty on the Protection of Media for Minors

65 Research Report of the Hans Bredow Institute 2007 / 2008

• The German system for the protection of young people in Research and Perspectives], lecture at the eponymous special- the areas of video and computer games – general frame- ist workshop on 21 September 2007 in Hamburg (with U. work, enforcement and options for action Hasebrink). • Games in the Net – expert opinion on the systematisation “Marken als multimediales Brandzeichen” [Trademarks as of the phenomenon of “Online Games” Multimedial ‚Branding’], lecture by C. Lampert at the confer- • Network, Media and Health Communication (www.netz- ence “Limitless Advertising? Crossmedial Brand Strategies as werk-gesundheitskommunikation.de) a Challenge for the Protection of Minors” on 25 May 2007 in • Serious Games for Health Berlin. “Faszinierend verführerisch. Medien in den Lebenswelten von Events 2007/2008 Kindern” [Fascinatingly Seductive. Media in the Life Worlds “Musik als Ausdruck von Jugendkultur” [Music as Expression of Children], lecture in the context of the series “Due Consid- of Youth Culture], organisation of the autumn conference of eration – Humanities in Hamburg” on 23 April 2007 in Ham- the media education division in the German Association of burg (with U. Hasebrink). Media and Communication Science (DGPuK) with Ulrike “Medienverwahrlosung – eine Herausforderung für die Medi- Wagner (JFF – Institut für Medienpädagogik in Forschung und enpädagogik” [Media Abuse – a Challenge for Media Educa- Praxis) and Bernd Schorb (University of Leipzig) on 18 und 19 tion], workshop in the context of the specialist conference October 2007 in Leipzig. “Beam Me Up, Scotty. Digital Life Worlds and Impulses for “Gesundheit kommunizieren. Wie erreicht man wen?” [Com- School Reality” at the State Institute for Teacher Education municating Health, How Does One Reach Whom?], organisa- and School Development on 14 April 2007 in Hamburg. tion of the specialist conference of the Health Communication Network with the Faculty of Health Sciences at the University Publications 2007/2008 of Bielefeld on 12 and 13 April 2007 in Bielefeld. Brunn, I.; Dreier, H.; Dreyer, S.; Hasebrink, U.; Held, T.; Lampert, C.; Schulz, W. (2007): Das deutsche Jugend- “Medienpädagogische Forschung in Theorie und Praxis” schutzsystem im Bereich der Video- und Computerspiele [Media-Pedagogical Research in Theory and Praxis], seminar [The German System for the Protection of Minors in the at the faculty “Erziehungswissenschaft, Psychologie und Be- Areas of Video and Computer Games]. Hamburg, wegungswissenschaft” of the University of Hamburg in the www.hans-bredow-institut.de/presse/070628 Endbe- summer semester 2007. richt.pdf. Hasebrink, U.; Lampert, C. (2008): Jugendmedienschutz im “Medienpädagogische Forschung für die Praxis” [Media- Netzwerk. Plädoyer für eine integrative Perspektive [Pro- Pedagogical Research for Praxis], seminar at the faculty “Er- tection of Young People Against Harmful Media in the ziehungswissenschaft, Psychologie und Bewegungswissen- Network. Plea for an Integrative Perspective]. In: medien schaft” of the University of Hamburg in the winter semester + erziehung, vol. 52, no. 1, pp. 10-17. 2006/07. Hedrich, A.; Lampert, C. (2007): Bildungschancen in der aktiven Internetarbeit mit Kindern [Eductional Chances in Lectures 2007/2008 the Active Internet Work with Children]. In: L. Lauffer, R. “Andere Länder, andere Risiken? Was lässt sich aus europäi- Röllecke (Eds.), Mediale Sozialisation und Bildung. Me- schen Erfahrungen lernen?” [Other Countries, Other Risks? thoden und Konzepte medienpädagogischer Projekte, What Can We Learn From European Experiences?], lecture by Handbuch 2, pp. 116-121. Krotz, F.; Lampert, C.; Hasebrink, U. (2008): Neue Medien U. Hasebrink and C. Lampert on 9 July 2008 in Hamburg. [New Media]. In: R. K. Silbereisen, M. Hasselhorn (Eds.), “Entertainment-Education – Unterhaltsame Bildung oder Enzyklopädie für Psychologie, Series V (Entwicklung), bildende Unterhaltung?” [Entertainment-Education – entertain- Vol 5: Psychologie des Jugendalters. Göttingen, pp. 331- ing education or educative entertainment?], lecture in the 359. context of the Thuringian Media Symposium “Jugendmedien- Lampert, C. (2007): Aggressionsabbau oder Steigerung durch Spiele? [Reducing Aggression or Increasing it Through schutz 2.0” on 11 April 2008 in Erfurt. Games?]. In: Internet-abc, Rubrik Jugendschutz, “Spannung, Spaß und spielerisches Lernen. Welche Möglich- www.inter net-abc.de/eltern/122222.php. keiten bieten mediale Unterhaltungsangebote?“ [Excitement, Lampert, C. (2007): Das Faszinierende von Computerspielen Fun and Learning by Playing. What Possibilities Do Medial [What Fascinates in Computer Games]. In: Internet-abc, Programmess of Entertainment Offer?], lecture at the Media Rubrik Jugendschutz, www.internet-abc. de/eltern/122040.php. Space Symposium in the context of the 21. Stuttgarter Film- Lampert, C. (2007): EU Kids Online – Kinder und Onlineme- winter on 19 January 2008 in Stuttgart. dien im europäischen Vergleich [EU kids Online – “Haltlos!? Jugendliche im Spannungsfeld Medien – Sucht – Children and Online Media in European Comparison]. On- Gewalt” [Adrift!? Young People in the Tensions Between linenutzung als Chance und Risiko. In: tv diskurs, 3, 11. Media Addiction and Violence], lecture at the Gesamtschule yr., pp. 4-7. Lampert, C. (2007): Gesundheitsförderung im Unterhaltungs- Walddörfer on 8 November 2007 in Hamburg (with Volker format. Wie Jugendliche gesundheitsbezogene Darstellun- Wegener of the State Institute for Teacher Education and gen in fiktionalen Fernsehangeboten wahrnehmen und School Development, LI). bewerten [Health Promotion in Entertainment Media. How “Pubertät, Kommunikation, Idole” [Puberty, Communication Young People Perceive and Evaluate Health Messages in Idols], lecture at the Gymnasium Twistringen on 6 November Fictional TV Offerings]. Baden Baden. 2007 in Twistringen. Lampert, C. (2007): Mitspielen statt alles verbieten [Join in Play instead of Forbidding Everything]. In: Internet-abc, “Chancen und Grenzen der Onlinenutzung von Kindern und Rubrik Jugendschutz, www.internet-abc.de/ el- Jugendlichen in Deutschland und Europa. Forschungsstand und tern/122292.php. Perspektiven” [Chances and Limits of Online Use Among Lampert, C. (2007): Rezension zu [Review of] Wagner, U.; Children and Young People in Germany and Europe. State of Theunert, H. (Eds.) (2006), Neue Wege durch die konver- 66 Research Emphases and Interests of the Academic Staff

gente Medienwelt. München. In: medien + erziehung, yr. dia and Communication Studies], of the Interna- 51, no. 4, pp. 84-85. Lampert, C. (2007): Unterhaltsam und informativ – zum Po- tional Media Handbook as well as the various tenzial der Medien für die Gesundheitsförderung [Enter- taining and Informative –on the Potential of the Media for series and other publications. Beyond that, she is Promoting Health]. In: M. Große-Loheide, N. Neuss responsible for the Institute’s Internet presence, (Eds.), Körper, Kult, Medien. Inszenierungen im Alltag und in der Medienbildung, pp. 28-133. for its events and for press and public relations. Lampert, C. (2007): Vereinsamung durch Computerspiele? Her interests emphasise particularly the develop- [Isolation through Computer Games?]. In: Internet-abc, Rubrik Jugendschutz, www.internet-abc.de/ el- ment of broadcasting in Germany and the devel- tern/122260.php. opment of broadcasting systems internationally. Lampert, C. (2008): Health and Prevention. In: W. Donsbach W. (Ed.), International Encyclopaedia of Communication. Projects 2007/2008 Vol. IX. Oxford/Malden, p. 3878-3882. • International Media Handbook Lampert, C. (2008): Nur eine Frage des Alters? Anmerkungen zur jugendschutzrechtlichen Altersfreigaberegelung [Only • The music business in Hamburg – profiles, trends and a Question of Your Age? Comments on Restrictions by development opportunities Age according to the Law on Protection of Minors]. In: Bundesarbeitsgemeinschaft Kinder- und Jugendschutz in Wissenschaft und Praxis (Ed.), Alterfreigaben als Instru- Jutta Popp, Dipl.-Kauffrau (born 1975) studied ment des Jugendschutzes, yr. 53, no. 2, pp. 33-36. Lampert, C. (2008): Rezension zu [Review on] Treumann, K. commerce with special emphasis on communica- P.; Meister, D. M.; Sander, U.; Burkatzki, E.; Hagedorn, tion in Regensburg and Nuremberg. She has J.; Kämmerer, M.; Strotmann, M.; Wegener, C. (2007), Medienhandeln Jugendlicher. Mediennutzung und Me- worked on various projects as an academic staff dienkompetenz. Bielefelder Medienkompetenzmodell. member of the Institute from 2003 until 2008, Wiesbaden. In: tv diskurs, yr. 12, no. 43, pp. 70-71. Schmidt, J.; Dreyer, S.; Lampert, C. (2008): Spielen im Netz. most recently on the project on “Media reper- Zur Systematisierung des Phänomens “Online-Games” [Playing in the Net. On Systematising the Phenomenon toires”, which is supported by the DFG. Her re- ‚Online-Games’]. Hamburg (Arbeitspapiere des Hans- search interests concern above all media use, the Bredow-Instituts Nr. 19; available at www.hans-bredow- institut.de/publikationen/apapiere/19online-games.pdf). qualities of media offerings as well as the area of Tolks, D.; Lampert, C. (2008): Möglichkeiten der akademi- media economy. schen Ausbildung im Bereich Gesundheitskommunikation [Possibilites of Academic Education in the Area of Health Projects 2007/2008: Communication]. In: Landesvereinigung für Gesundheit • Media repertoires Niedersachsen (Ed.): Impu!se – Newsletter zur Gesund- heitsförderung, no. 59, pp. 16-17. • Perspectives of television use in digital environments Events 2006/2007 Stefanie Lefeldt (born 1983) studied Law at the Organisation of the conference “Rezeptions- und Wirkungsfor- schung – Zur Praxisrelevanz der Forschung und zur Theori- University of Hamburg, focussing in particular on erelevanz der Praxis” [Reception and Effects Research – On information and communication law. Before be- the Relevance of Ressearch for Prasxis and on the Relevance coming an academic staff member in the area of of Praxis for Theory] in conjunction with the Hamburg Media School annual conference of the DGPuK section „Audience media and telecommunications law in June 2008, and reception studies“ from 24 to 26 January 2008 in Ham- she worked at the Hans Bredow Institute as a stu- burg. dent assistant. In her research, she is particularly Courses 2007/2008 interested in the area of the protection of minors “Datenanalyse mit SPSS” [Data Analysis with SPSS], seminar from harmful media. at the University of Augsburg, summer semester 2007. “Datenanalyse mit SPSS” [Data Analysis with SPSS], block Projects 2007/2008 seminar at the “Institut für Publizistikwissenschaft und Medi- • Implementation of Evaluation – – Academic Monitoring enforschung” at the University of Zurich, December 2007. of Optimisation of Protection of Minors in Germany Lecture 2006/2007 “Online Media Entering the Media Repertoires of Different Christiane Matzen, M.A., (born 1964) studied his- Social Milieus”, lecture at the IAMCR conference 2007 on 23 tory, public law and sociology in Hamburg and July 2007 in Paris (with U. Hasebrink). Marburg. She has worked as an academic editor at the Hans Bredow Institute since 1991. Her area of Dr. Jan-Hinrik Schmidt (born 1972) studied Sociol- activity involves the editorial control of all the ogy at the Otto-Friedrich-University Bamberg and Institute’s publications, above all of the journal West Virginia University Morgantown, USA. “Medien & Kommunikationswissenschaft” [Me- From 2000 onwards, he held various positions in 67 Research Report of the Hans Bredow Institute 2007 / 2008

the University of Bamberg, among them the re- of the Social Web], lecture at the symposium “Medien- und Kommunikationssoziologie heute: Befunde, Positionen und search centre for “New Communications Media”, Forschungsperspektiven” [Media and Communication socilogy at the Chair in Sociology II (Prof. Dr. R. Münch) today: Findings, Positions and Research Persepctives] of the DGPuK section Sociology of Media communication] on 13 and at the State Institute for Research into Fami- June 2008 in Erfurt. lies. After completing his doctorate on the institu- “Second Life und Web 2.0. Zur Untrennbarkeit von virtueller tionalisation of locally related online services, he und realer Welt” [Second Life and Web 2.0. On the Insepara- was a German Academic Exchange scholar at the bility of Virtual and Real Worlds], lecture at the “19. Bamber- ger Hegelwoche” on 11 June 2008 in Bamberg. Donau-University Krems, and guest scholar at the “’Führt das Erbe von Wallraff fort!’ – Leserschaft, Nutzung Johannes-Kepler-University Linz (Prof. Dr. B. und Bewertung des BILDblog” [Carry on with Wallraff’s Batinic). From 2005 to 2007, he worked on a Legacy –Readership, Use and Evaluation of the BILD blog], postdoc project supported by the German Re- lecture at the “re:publica” on 2 April 2008 in Berlin. search Foundation on “Practices in online–based “Der aktive Nutzer des Social Web – Implikationen für IPTV?” [The Active User of the Social Web –Implications for networking” at the research centre for “New IPTV], lecture at the workshop “IPTV und seine Zuschauer” Communications Media” in Bamberg. Since No- on 13 March 2008 in Hamburg. vember 2007 he has been working as an senior “Privacy Management and the Social Web”, lecture at the researcher for digital media and political commu- “General Online Research Conference” on 12 March 2008 in Hamburg. nication at the Hans Bredow Institute. His re- “Mögliche Zielgruppen politischer Onlinekommunikation” search focus is on developments of “Web 2.0”, or [Possible Target Groups for Political Online Communication], respectively” social software”, where he is par- lecture at the seminar “Neue Wege im politischen Marketing” ticularly interested in current changes in online of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation on 6 March 2008 in Wes- seling. based public spheres and social networks, as well “Wer nutzt das Web 2.0? Mythen und empirische Wahrheiten” as their effects on politics, economy and civil [Who Uses Web 2.0? Myths and Empirical Truths], lecture at society. In addition, he analyses form, functons the congress “Marketing Online” on 27 February 2008 in and consequences of online and game-based social Munich. spaces at the research and transfer centre ”Digital “Die Macht der Blogosphäre – Schnittstellen zwischen alten und neuen Öffentlichkeiten” [The Power of the Blogosphere – Games and Online Worlds” at the Hans Bredow Junctions Between Old and New Public Spheres], lecture at the Institute XIII. Mainzer Kolloquiums des Instituts für Buchwissenschaft on 25 January 2008. Projects 2007/2008 “Mediatisiertes Beziehungsmanagement: Zu Veränderungen • Young people and Web 2.0 von Privatsphäre und Öffentlichkeit im neuen Netz [mediated management of relationships: on changes n private sphers and • Issue filtering and issue monitoring in the internet the public in the new net]”, lecture at the Forschungskolloqu- • Playing on the net – Systematizing the phenomenon of ium Medienkultur der Universität Bremen on 13 December “online games” 2007. • Evaluation of the internet portals of the MGFFI “Web 2.0 – Kommunikationssoziologische Grundlagen” [basic Events 2007/2008 rinciples of communication sociology,] introductory lecture at the “Forschungsworkshop Web 2.0” des Ministerium für “BlogTalk 2008 – The 5th international conference on social Generationen, Familie, Frauen und Integration NRW on 23 software”, organisation of the conference on 3 and 4 March November 2007 in Düsseldorf. 2008 in Cork, Irland. “Mythen der Blogosphäre” [Myths of the Blogosphere], lecture “Das neue Netz? Bestandsaufnahme und Perspektiven” [The at the “11. Medienforum” on 5 November 2007 in Mittweida. New Net. Stoktaking and Perspectives], organisation of a workshop from 20 to 22 September 2007 in Bamberg. “Potenziale von Web 2.0 zur Optimierung von Lernprozessen” [Potential of Web 2.0 for Optimising Learning], lecture at the Courses 2007/2008 “5. Landeskonferenz E-Learning@MV” on 29 October 2007 in “Mediensoziologie II” [Media Sociology II], seminar at the Rostock-Warnemünde. University of Applied Science Würzburg, summer semester “Social Network Sites: Perspectives and challenges”, participa- 2008. tion in the roundtable at the “Internet Research Conference 8.0: “Mediensoziologie I” [Media Sociology I], seminar at the Let’s play” on 18 October 2007 in Vancouver, Canada. University of Applied Science Würzburg, winter semester 2007/08. Publications 2007/2008 Burg, T. N.; Schmidt, J. (Eds.) (2007): BlogTalks Reloaded. Lectures 2007/2008 Social Software – Research & Cases”. Conference Pro- “Methodische und forschungsethische Herausforderungen des ceedings “BlogTalk Reloaded”. Norderstedt. Social Web” [Methodological and Research-ethical Challenges 68 Research Emphases and Interests of the Academic Staff

Guenther, T.; Schmidt, J. (2008): “Wissenstypen im ‚Web 2.0’ Weblog-based Criticism in Journalism]. In: T. Quandt; W. – eine wissenssoziologische Deutung von Prodnutzung im Schweiger (Eds.), Journalismus online: Partizipation oder Internet” [Sorts of Knowledge in Web 2.0 – a Cognitive – Profession? Wiesbaden. sociological Intepretation of Product Use in the Internet]. Zerfaß, A.; Welker, M; Schmidt, J. (eds.) (2008): Kommunika- In: H. Willems (Ed.), Weltweite Welten. Internet- tion, Partizipation und Wirkungen im Social Web [Com- Figurationen aus wissenssoziologischer Perspektive. munication, Participation and Effects in the Social Wiesbaden, pp. 167-188. Web].Two vols. Köln. Schmidt, J. (2007): Blogging Practices: An Analytical Frame- work. In: Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, vol. 12, No. 4, http://jcmc.indiana.edu/vol12/issue4/ Dipl.-Soz. Hermann-Dieter Schröder (born 1957) schmidt.html. Schmidt, J. (2007): Potenziale von Social Software für Bil- studied sociology in Bielefeld. He has worked at dungsportale [Potential of Social Software for Educational the Hans Bredow Institute since 1983. Here he has Portals]. In: B. Gaiser; F. W. Hesse; M. Lütke-Entrup (Eds.), Bildungsportale – Potenziale und Perspektiven worked on the following topics, among other netzbasierter Bildungsressourcen. München, pp. 219-233. Schmidt, J. (2007): Social Software als Gegenstand und Werk- things: the presentation of television programmes zeug der Online-Forschung [Social Software as Object and and broadcasting providers in programme guides Tool of Online Research]. In: M. Welker; O. Wenzel (Eds.), Online-Forschung 2007: Grundlagen und Fallstu- and the daily newspapers, the organisation and dien. Köln, pp. 251-272. financing of local radio, the organisation of pro- Schmidt, J. (2007): Stabilität und Wandel von Weblog- Praktiken: Erste empirische Befunde [Stability and Chan- gramme production for television and the devel- ge in Weblog Practices. First Empirical Findings]. In: S. opment of media business in Hamburg. His cur- Kimpeler; M. Mangold; W. Schweiger (Eds.), Die digitale Herausforderung. Zehn Jahre Forschung zur computer- rent research interests concern particularly the vermittelten Kommunikation. Wiesbaden, pp. 51-60. organisatorial and commercial structures of the Schmidt, J. (2008): Geschlechtsunterschiede in der deutsch- sprachigen Blogosphäre [Gender Differences in the Ger- media system. manlanguage Blogosphere]. In: P. Alpar; S. Blaschke (Eds.), Web 2.0 – Eine empirische Bestandsaufnahme. Projects 2006/2007 Göttingen. pp. 75-86. • Federal Government Report on ommunication and the Schmidt, J. (2008): Was ist neu am Social Web? Soziologische media und kommunikationswissenschaftliche Grundlagen [What • Navigators and electronic programme guides – The is New About the Social Web? Basic Principles from So- ciology and Communication Studies]. In: A. Zerfaß, M. marked for orientation aids in digital television contexts Welker, J. Schmidt (Eds.), Kommunikation, Partizipation • Evaluation of the Austrian Television Fund und Wirkungen im Social Web. Vol. 1: Grundlagen und • Evaluation of the Hamburg Media School Methoden: Von der Gesellschaft zum Individuum. Köln, pp. 18-40. Lecture 2007/2008 Schmidt, J. (2008): Weblogs in Unternehmen [Weblogs in Companies]. In: B. Hass; G. Walsh; Th. Kilian (Eds), Web “Wirkungen des Fernsehfonds Austria” [Effects of the Aus- 2.0: Neue Perspektiven für Marketing und Medien. Berlin, trian Television Fund], lecture at the event “Die Zukunft der pp. 121-136. Fernsehproduktion in Österreich” on 7 December 2007 in Schmidt, J. (2008): Zu Form und Bestimmungsfaktoren Vienna. weblogbasierter Netzwerke. Das Beispiel twoday.net [On the Form and Determining Factors of Weblog-based Net- Publication 2007/2008 works. The Example of twoday.net]. In: C. Stegbauer; M. Schröder, H.-D. (2008): Wirkungen des Fernsehfonds Austria. Jäckel (Eds.), Social Software. Formen der Kooperation in Ergebnisse einer Befragung der Fernsehproduzenten [Ef- computerbasierten Netzwerken. Wiesbaden, pp. 71-93. fects of the Austrian Television Fund. Results of a Ques- Schmidt, J. (in print) Weblogs: Formen und Konsequenzen tionaire to Television Producers]. Online at ihrer Nutzung [Weblogs: Forms and Consequences of their www.rtr.at/de/komp/BerichtNASE Use]. In: S. Moraldo (Eds.): Internet.kom. Neue Sprach- 2007/Wirkungen_des_FFAT_2008.pdf und Kommunikationsformen im World Wide Web. Rome. Schmidt, J.; Dreyer, S.; Lampert, C. (2008): Spielen im Netz. Zur Systematisierung des Phänomens “Online-Games” [Playing on the Net. On Systematising of the Phenomenon Dr. Wolfgang Schulz (born 1963) studied law and of online games]. Hamburg (Arbeitspapiere des Hans- journalism in Hamburg. Since 1997 he has taught Bredow-Instituts Nr. 19; accessible at www.hans-bredow- institut.de/publikationen/apapiere/19online-games.pdf) the optional special subject on information and Schmidt, J.; Pellegrini, T. (in print): Das Social Semantic Web communication in the Department of Law at the aus kommunikationssoziologischer Perspektive [The So- cial Semantic Web Form a Communication-sociological University of Hamburg; he has been also a mem- Perspective]. In: A. Blumauer; Pellegrini, T. (Eds.), Social ber of the state office for legal examinations since Semantic Web. Berlin. Stegbauer, C.; Schönberger, K.; Schmidt, J. (Eds.) (2007): January 2000. From 1999 onwards, he functioned Wikis: Diskurse, Theorien, Anwendun- as deputy business director as well as head of the gen[Wikis:Discourses, Theories, Applicati- ons],Sonderausgabe von kommunikation@gesellschaft, Institute’s area of media and telecommunications. vol. 8, www.soz.uni-frankfurt.de/K.G/ His work emphasises problems of legal regulation Wied, K.; Schmidt, J. (in print): Weblogs und Qualitätssiche- rung. Zu Potenzialen weblogbasierter Kritik im Journalis- with regard to media contents – particularly depic- mus [Weblogs and Quality Assurance. On the Potential of 69 Research Report of the Hans Bredow Institute 2007 / 2008

tions of violence -, questions of law in new media, „Offene Flanken des zweiten Rundfunkgebührenurteils“ [Open Flanks of the Second Judgement on the Broadcasting Fee], above all in digital television, and the legal bases podium discussion in the context of the Medientreffpunkt of journalism, but also the jurisprudential bases of Mitteldeutschland on 6 May 2008 in Leipzig. freedom of communication and of the description „Weltmacht Suchmaschine“ [Search Engine as World Power], of the systems of journalism and communications discussion group of the Fritz Erler Forum Baden-Württemberg on 15 April 2008 in Stuttgart. in systems theory. In addition, he works on the Participation in the closed symposium of the Working party forms of the state’s functioning, for instance, in FSFJ of the CDU Members of Parliament and of the and the the framework of concepts of “regulated self- Parliament of Hamburg on 11 February 2008 in Hamburg. regulation”. „Ein Netz für Kinder“ [A Net for Children], curatorium session in relation to supporting internet offerings for children at the Projects 2007/2008 Thuringian Chancellory on 8 February 2008 in Erfurt. • Influence of Private Equity in the Media Sector „Analyse des Jugendmedienschutzsystems“ [Analysis of the • Implementation of the evaluation-the academic monitoring System for the Protection of Minors from Harmful Media], of the protection of minors in Germany presentation of evaluation results on 24 January 2008 vor dem • The German system for the protection of young people in Untersuchungsausschuss[before the Select committee] Neue the areas of video and computer games – general frame- Medien in Berlin. work, enforcement and options for action „Mediennutzung und Konsumorientierung – Auslöser oder • Video and computer games – Quo vadis the protection Begleiter von Kriminalität“ [Media Use and the Orientation minors from harmful media. Concept and conduct of a Towards Consumption – Stimulant or Accompaniment for European specialist conference Criminality], participation in discussion group „Herausfor- • Present and Future of local and regional Television in East derung Prävention – Strategien gegen Kinder- und Germany Jugendkriminalität“ of the Ministry of Justice of the State of Northrhine-Westphalia on 13 December 2007 in Düsseldorf. • Communications and Media Report of the Federal Gov- ernment „Klicksafe“, Jury member for klicksafe prize of the foundation digitale chancen on 29 November 2007 in Berlin. • Activities in further training and professionalisation in media law „Chancen neuer medialer Dienste angesichts der Konvergenz • Future of monitoring media concentration von Rundfunk und Fernsehen [Chances of New Media Ser- vices in the Light of the Convergence of Radio and Televi- • Possibilities for securing public service internally and sion]“,participation in the eponymous podium discussion at the externally Brussels Media Days „Konvergenz von Rundfunk und Tele- • New forms of regulation in media law kommunikation“ on 21 November 2007 in Brussels. • Search engines as gatekeepers in the Internet „Was bleibt? Was ändert sich?“ [What Remains? What • Optimising the media law related E-Learning offers at the Changes?], lecture on analysis and assessment of the current University of Hamburg “Global Classroom” and “Black- regulations for protection of minors in the context of the Medi- board” entage on 08 November 2007 in Munich. • Reform of the Regulations on communication and media „Die verfassungs- und medienrechtliche Sicht auf Zugang und Courses 2007/2008 Gleichbehandlung von Inhalte-Anbietern“ [The View on Ac- cess and Equality of Treatment of Content Offerings from the “Wiederholungs- und Vertiefungskurs” [Repetition and Devel- Viewpoint of Constitutional and Media Law], lecture at the opment Course] in the optional special subject information and annual symposium of the DGRI on 5 October 2007 in Cologne. communication in the Department of Law at the University of Hamburg, summer semester 2007, winter semester 2007/2008 „Media Convergence Light – About the New Audiovisual and summer semester 2008. Media Service Directive”, lecture at EPRA conference on 4 October 2007 in Sofia. Lectures 2007/2008 „Das deutsche Jugendschutzsystem im Bereich der Video- und „Gegenwart und Zukunft des Lokalfernsehens in Ostdeutsch- Computerspiele – Rahmenbedingungen, Umsetzungen und land“ [Present and Future of Local Television in East Ger- Handlungsoptionen“ [The German System for the Protection of many], presentation of the eponymous project at the Medien- Minors from Harmful Media – Parameters, Application and treffpunkt Mitteldeutschland on 7 May 2008 in Leipzig. Options for Action], participation in 12. Session of the sub- „Wie viel Konzentration verträgt das deutsche Mediensys- Committee “Neue Medien“ on 5. Juli 2007 in Berlin. tem?“ [How Much Concentration can the German Media „Games als Gegenstand des Jugendschutzes“, lecture for series System Stand?], podium discussion in the context of the Medi- „Games – Zukunftsperspektiven interaktiver Medienangebote“ entreffpunkt Mitteldeutschland on 6 May 2008 in Leipzig. [Games – Future Perspectives for interative Media Offerings] „Computerspiele – Ergebnisse der Analyse des Jugendmedien- on 4 July 2007 at the University of Hamburg. schutzsystems“ [Computer Games – Results of the Analysis of „Koordinierte Regulierung?” [Coordinated Regulation?], the System for the Protection of Minors from Harmful Media], introductory lecture and chair of the eponymous panel at the lecture in the context of the Medientreffpunkt Mitteldeutsch- conference “Divergent Order in Covergence?” at the Hans land on 6 May 2008 in Leipzig. Bredow Institute for Media Research and the Alcatel Lucent

70 Research Emphases and Interests of the Academic Staff

Foundation for Communication Research on 8 June 2007 in Suggestions for Organising the ‚Three Step Test’], epd Hamburg. medien, No. 9, pp. 3-10. Schulz, W. (2008): Kommentierung zu §§ 52, 53 RStV [Com- „Allgemeines Persönlichkeitsrecht und Pressefreiheit“ [Gen- mentary to Statute 52,53 RStV]. In: W. Hahn; T. Vesting eral Law on the Personality and Press Freedom], discussion (ed.), Beck’scher Kommentar zum Rundfunkrecht, 2nd edi- group with Stefan Engels and Michael Nesselhauf on the tion. München. Relation of Press Freedom and General law on Personality in Schulz, W. (2008): Medienkonvergenz light – Zur neuen the Light of the most recent Legislation on 31 May 2007 at the Europäischen Richtlinie über audiovisuelle Mediendienste Bucerius Law School in Hamburg. [Media Convergence Light – on the New European Direc- tives on Audiovisual Media Services], EuZW, pp. 107 ff. „Vertrauenswürdige Anbieter: Wer bietet verlässliche und Schulz, W. (2008): Vertrauensbildung als öffentliche Aufgabe vielfältige Informationen in der digitalen Welt und wie finden in der Medienkonvergenz [Building Trust as a Public Ob- Nutzer den Zugang zu diesen Informationen?“ [Trustworthy ligation in Media Convergence]. In: D. Klumpp; H. Kubi- Providers: Who Offers Reliable and Varied Information in the cek; A. Rossnagel; W. Schulz (Eds.), Informationelles Digital World and How Do Users Get Access to this Informa- Vertrauen für die Informationsgesellschaft. Berlin. tion?], moderation of the working group 2 at the symposium Schulz, W. (Ed.) (2008): Gesetzessammlung Information, „Mehr Vertrauen in Inhalte – Das Potenzial von Ko- und Kommunikation, Medien [corpus juris on information, communication, media], 6th edition. Hamburg (Arbeitspa- Selbstregulierung in den digitalen Medien“ in the context of piere des Hans-Bredow-Instituts Nr. 16, www.hans- the German presidency of the EU Commission from 9 to 11 bredow-institut.de/publikationen/apapiere/16-6Gesetzes May 2007 in Leipzig. sammlung.pdf). Publications 2007/2008 Schulz, W.: (2008): Dritter und fünfter Abschnitt (Art. 10 EMRK, Art. 5 I GG (Meinungsfreiheit, Informationsfrei- Brunn, I.; Dreier, H.; Dreyer, S.; Hasebrink, U.; Held, T.; heit, Zensurverbot) [Third and Fifth Section (Article 10 Lampert, C.; Schulz, W. (2007): Das deutsche Jugend- EMRK, Article 51 GG (Freedom of Expression, Freedom schutzsystem im Bereich der Video- und Computerspiele. of Information, Prohibition of Censorship)]. In: W. Berlit, Hamburg [The German System for Protection of Minors in C. Meyer, M. Paschke (Eds.), Hamburger Kommentar the Area of Video and Computer Games ], www.hans- zum gesamtem Medienrecht. Baden-Baden. bredow-institut.de/presse/070628 Endbericht.pdf. Schulz, W.; Heilmann, S. (in print): Redaktionelle Verantwor- Hans-Bredow-Institut (Ed.) (2007): Analyse des Jugendme- tung – Anmerkungen zu einem zentralen Begriff der Re- dienschutzsystems – Jugendschutzgesetz und Jugendme- gulierung audiovisueller Mediendienste [Editorial Respon- dienschutz-Staatsvertrag. Endbericht [Analysis of the Sys- sibility – Comments on a Central Concept for Regulating tem for the Protection of Minors from Harmful Media – Audiovisual Media Services], IRIS Spezial. Straßburg (al- Law on Protection of Minors and the States’ Treaty on so in English and French). Protection of Minors from Harmful Media], October 2007. Schulz, W.; Heilmann, S. (pending): Reales Recht und vir- Hamburg, www.hans-bredow-institut.de/forschung/recht/ tuelle Welten [Real Law and Virtual Worlds]. Berlin 071030Jugendschutz-Endbericht.pdf. Schulz, W.; Held, T. (2007): Der Index auf dem Index? Selbst- Heilmann, S.; Held, T.; Mittermeier, M.; Schulz, W. (in print): zensur und Zensur bei Suchmaschinen [The Index on the Kapitel “Rundfunkrechtliche Würdigung” [Appraisal A- Index? Self-Censorship and Censorship with Search En- cording to Broadcasting Law]. In: Schulz, W.; Kaserer, C.; gines]. In: M. Machill, M. Beiler (Eds.), Die Macht der Trappel, J. (Eds.), Finanzinvestoren im Medienbereich. Suchmaschinen – The Power of Search Engines. Cologne, Gutachten im Auftrag der Direktorenkonferenz der Lan- pp. 71-86. desmedienanstalten. Vistas. Pre-Print online unter: Schulz, W.; Held, T. (2007): Verfassungsrechtliche Grundsätze www.alm.de/fileadmin/ Download/ Gutach- und Media Governance [Principles of Consitutional Law ten_Finanzinvestoren_21052008.pdf. and Media Governance]. In: P. Donges (Ed.), Von der Heilmann, S.; Held, T.; Schulz, W. (in print): Kapitel “Einlei- Medienpolitik zur Media Governance. Cologne, pp.85- tung”, “Rundfunkrechtliche Vorgaben”, “Schlussfolgerun- 102. gen und Entwicklungspotenziale” [Introduction, Prescrip- Schulz, W.; Held, T. (2008): Kommentierung zu §§ 1, 3, 13- tions of Broadcasting Law, Conclusions and Potential for 16, 18, 20 JMStV [Commentary on Statutes. 1, 3, 13-16, Development]. In: Schulz, W.; Kaserer, C.; Trappel, J. 18, 20 JMStV]. In: W. Hahn; T. Vesting (Eds.), (Eds.), Finanzinvestoren im Medienbereich. Gutachten im Beck’scher Kommentar zum Rundfunkrecht, 2nd edition. Auftrag der Direktorenkonferenz der Landesmedienanstal- München. ten. Vistas. Pre-Print online unter: www.alm.de/fileadmin/ Schulz, W.; Held, T. (in print): Handlungsperspektiven zur Download/ Gutachten_Finanzinvestoren_21052008.pdf. Stärkung des Vertrauens in Inhalte digitaler Medien [Per- Schulz, W. (2007): Verbessern statt verschärfen [Improve spectives for Action in Reinforcing Trust in the Contents raher than Intensify]tv diskurs 11 (4), pp. 54-59. of Digital Media]. In: BKM/LfM (Ed.), Mehr Vertrauen in Schulz, W. (2007): Wichtiger denn je: zu divergierenden Inhalte – Das Potenzial von Ko- und Selbstregulierung in Lesarten des Gebühren-Urteils [More Important than ever, den digitalen Medien. Berlin. on Diverging Readings of the Judgement on Fees], epd Schulz, W.; Held, T. (in preparation): The New Framework on medien, No. 77, pp. 6-7. Minor-Protection in Germany: A Case of Rule Innovation? Schulz, W. (2008): Der Programmauftrag als Prozess seiner In: The Innovation Journal, Special Issue on Rule Innova- Begründung: Vorschläge zu Verfahren und Organisation tion [www.innovation.cc]. des “Drei-Stufen-Tests” zur Selbstkonkretisierung des Schulz, W.; Held, T.; Arnold, S. (2007): Regulierung crossme- Funktionsauftrags öffentlich-rechtlicher Rundfunkanstal- dialer Aktivitäten in ausländischen Medienordnungen – ten [Programming Obligations as the Process of their eine Auskopplung des entsprechenden Kapitels aus dem Justification: Suggestions on Managing and Organising of Bericht der Kommission zur Ermittlung der Konzentration the ‚Three Step Test’ for the Self-Concretisation of the im Medienbereich [Regulation of Cross-medial Activities Functional Obligation of Public Service Broadcasting in Foreign Media Law – Extracting the Corresponding Houses]. Berlin, www.hans-bredow-institut.de/ for- Chapter from the Report of the Commission to Determine schung/recht/ FES080310WS_Drei_Stufen.pdf Convergence in the Media Area] (KEK). Hamburg (Ar- Schulz, W. (2008): Freiraum gestalten: Vorschläge zur Organi- beitspapiere des Hans-Bredow-Instituts Nr. 18, sation des “Drei- Stufen- Tests” [Shaping Free Space: www.hans-bredow-institut.de/publikationen/ Arbeitspapie- re/18Crossmedia.pdf) 71 Research Report of the Hans Bredow Institute 2007 / 2008

Schulz, W.; Held, T.; Arnold, S. (2007): Regulierung crossme- ber, and since 1 August 2005 as its head. He ful- dialer Aktivitäten in ausländischen Medienordnungen [Regulation of Cross-medial Activities in Foreign Media fils teaching and examination roles at the Univer- Law]. In: Kommission zur Ermittlung der Konzentration im Medienbereich, Dritter Medienkonzentrationsbericht: sity of Hamburg in the Department of Language, Crossmediale Verflechtungen als Herausforderung für die Literature and Media I/Media Culture. He has Konzentrationskontrolle. Potsdam, pp. 403-438. Schulz, W.; Held, T.; Dreyer, S. in cooperation with T. Wind been a member of the jury for the “Hörspielpreis (2008): Regulation of Broadcasting and Internet Services der Kriegsblinden. Preis für Radiokunst” (Blind in Germany. A brief overview, March 2008 (2nd ed.). Hamburg (Arbeitspapiere des Hans-Bredow-Instituts Nr. War Veterans’ Prize for Radio Plays. Prize for 13, www.hans-bredow-institut.de/english/publications/ap/ Radio Arts”) since 1996 and has been editor of the 13-2Mediaregulation.pdf). journal, Rundfunk und Geschichte” (“Broadcast- ing and History”) since 2005. He became deputy Dipl.-Gesundheitswirt (FH) Daniel Tolks (born chairperson of the “Studienkreises Rundfunk und 1975) studied Health promotion and management Geschichte” (“Circle for the Study of Broadcast- at the University of Applied Science of Magde- ing and History”) and was elected its chair in burg-Stendal and at San Diego State University. In January 2007. His research interests involve above his MSc. Dissertatian he compared “Models of all the relationship of broadcasting and literature, Good Practice in the Area of Health Communica- as well as overarching questions on the history of tion” in the USA and Germany. After an intership media, programming and mentalities in the 20th at the Hans Bredow Institute in the area of health century. communication he has since June 2008 been an Projects 2007/2008 academic member of staff. He is particularly in- • Public communication via the media from the 1950’s to terested in medially communicated health com- the 1970’s munication, especially in the areas of social mar- • History of broadcasting in North Germany 1945-1955 keting, media advocacy, entertainment education • The Genre of Witnessing: Media, History and the Holo- and serious games for heatlh. caust • The literary programming offerings of the Reich Radio Project 2007/2008 Hamburg • Serious games for health • Norag and the Culture of the 1920’s in Hamburg Publications 2007/2008 Courses 2007/2008 Tolks, D.; Lampert, C. (2008): Möglichkeiten der akademi- Organisation and Conduct of the “Medienhistorisches Forum schen Ausbildung im Bereich Gesundheitskommunikation für Absolventen und wissenschaftlichen Nachwuchs” [Media- [Posssibilites for Academic Education in the Area of historical Forum for Graduates and Junior Academics], a Health Communication]. In: Landesvereinigung für Ge- cooperation of the Studienkreis Rundfunk und Geschichte sundheit Niedersachsen (Ed): Impu!se – Newsletter zur [Study Group on Broadcasting and History] with the section Gesundheitsförderung, no. 59, pp. 16-17. History of Communication of the DGPuK on 1 and 2 Novem- ber 2007 in Lutherstadt Wittenberg (with Sebastian Pfau, Susanne Kinnebrock, Maria Löblich). Dr. Hans-Ulrich Wagner (born 1962) studied Ger- man Language and Literature at the Universities Organisation and Implementatiionot of the Panel “Radio for a Post-War Society” Panel at the Thirty-First Annual Conference of Bamberg and Münster and worked as a free- der German Studies Association (GSA), (with Christoph lance literary critic and journalist. He gained a Hilgert, Janina Fuge) from 4 to 7 October 2007 in San Die- go/USA. doctorate in Bamberg in 1996 with a study on the “Einführung in die Medien: Radio/ Audio” [Introduction into radio plays of the immediate postwar years 1945- the Media:Radio/Audio], lecture at the Department Sprache 1949. Subsequently, he worked at the German Literatur Medien I/ Medienkultur of the University of Ham- Broadcasting Archive in Frankfurt am Main, with burg, summer semester 2008. a DFG project on the broadcasting work of Günter “Radiotheorien” [Radio Theories], Graduate Seminar at the Department Sprache Literatur Medien I/ Medienkultur at the Eich, as well as being a curator of the exhibition University of Hamburg, winter semester 2007/08. “Remigranten und Rundfunk 1945-1955” (return- Lectures 2007/2008 ing emigrants and broadcasting 1945-1955). He “Hallo, hallo, hier Radio!” Ein neues Medium verschafft sich has been working at the Research Centre for the Gehör: Die Nordische Rundfunk AG (Norag) in Hamburg History of Broadcasting in Northern Germany 1924-1933 [Hallo, Hallo Here is the Radio! A New Medium Gets Itself Heard] the Nordic Radio (norag) in Hamburg], since 1 December 2000, initially as a staff mem- lecture in the series “Andocken II. Eine Hansestadt und ihre 72 Research Emphases and Interests of the Academic Staff

Kulturen 1848-1933” at the University of Hamburg on 9 July Wagner, H.-U.; Stegemann, W. (in print): “Hansadeutsch, 2008. niedersächsisch, überhaupt niederdeutsch”. Die literari- schen Programmangebote des Reichssenders Hamburg – “Mit dem Großen Zackenbarsch auf Streifzug. Siegfried Lenz eine Projektskizze [Hansa German, Lower Saxon, Low – Inszenierung von Autorschaft und Etablierung einer Erzäh- German Above All – Literary Programming from the lermarke” [Wandering with the Big Grouper. Siegfried Lenz – Reich Radio Hamburg]. In: H. Segeberg, I. Scheidgen Performing Authorship and Establishing a Narrator’s Trad- (Eds.), Medien und Medienforschung in Hamburg. Ham- mark], lecture at the Europäische Akademie [European Acad- burg (Hamburger Hefte zur Medienkultur). emy] Sankelmark on 29 June 2008 in Oeversee. Wagner, H.-U. (in print): “Das junge Europa formt sein Ge- sicht”. Die “Generation ohne Heimkehr” im europäischen “Mehr als nur das “Schiff Esperanza”. Ein Porträt des Rund- Kontext [Young Europe Takes on a Face . The generation funkautors Fred von Hoerschelmann” [More than the SS Espe- without any Homecoming in the European Context], lec- ranza. A Portrait of the Radio Author Fred von Howerschel- ture at the colloquium In: G. Burgess, H.-G. Winter (Eds.), mann], lecture in the Haus der Heimat des Landes Baden- “Generation ohne Heimkehr”. Heimat und Heimkehr in Württemberg on 27 May 2008 in Stuttgart. der “jungen Generation” der Nachkriegsliteratur. Dresden. Wagner, H.-U. (in print): “Eine Spielwiese mit Unendlich- “Relating Media Witnessing”, discussion paper for the re- keitscharakter” – Martin Walser und das Hörspiel [A search symposium “Witnessing. Cultural Roots, Media-Related Playground without Limits = Martin Walser and the Radio Forms and Cultural Memory” from 27 to 30 April 2008 at the play]. In: W. Schmitz (Ed.), Über Martin Walser. Dresden. Villa Vigoni, Loveno di Menaggio, Italien. Wagner, H.-U. (in print): Auf der Suche nach der konkreten geschichtlichen Stunde. Die “Rundfunkarbeit von Chris- “Hansadeutsch, niedersächsisch, überhaupt niederdeutsch” – ten” – am Beispiel des NWDR-Köln [Looking for the Literarische Programmangebote des Reichssenders Hamburg” Conrete Historical Moment. The Radio Work by Chris- [Hansa German, Lower Saxon, Low German Above All – tians – the Example of the NWDR Cologne]. In: Th. Literary Programming From the Reich Radio Hamburg], pres- Pittrof, W. Schmitz (Eds.), Wahrnehmung und Deutung entation at the workshop of the DFG project “Medialität und der Geschichte in der literarischen und wissenschaftlichen Modernität im NS-Kino” on 18 March 2008 in the Warburg- Publizistik des deutschsprachigen Katholizismus. Frei- Haus, Hamburg. burg. Wagner, H.-U. (in print): [Review] “Hier spricht Hamburg”. “Gespräch über Axel Eggebrecht” [Talking About Axel Egge- Hamburg in der Nachkriegszeit. Rundfunkreportagen, brecht], podium discussion and presentation at the Medien- Nachrichtensendungen, Hörspiele und Meldungen des stiftung der Stadt Leipzig on 1 February 2008 (with Hanjo Nordwestdeutschen Rundfunks (NWDR) 1945-1949 Kesting). [Hamburg Calling. Hamburg Postwar. Radio Reporting, News Broadcasts, Radio Plays and Announcements of the “Das junge Europa formt sein Gesicht”? Die “Generation ohne NWDR 1945-1949].Edited by Rita Bake. In: Zeitschrift Heimkehr” im europäischen Kontext [Young Europe Takes on des Vereins für Hamburgische Geschichte. a Face . The Generation without any Homecoming in the Wagner, H.-U. (ed) (2008): Die Geschichte des Nordwestdeut- European Context], lecture at the colloquium “Generation ohne schen Rundfunks [The History of Northwest German Ra- Heimkehr. Heimat und Heimkehr in der “jungen Generation” dio]. Vol. 2. Hamburg. der Nachkriegsliteratur”, cooperation of the International Wagner, H.-U. (2008): Seekarten für die Rundfunk-Kapitäne. Wolfgang-Borchert-Gesellschaft, the University of Hamburg Die Hörerforschung des NWDR. / “Mittler zwischen Kir- and the FGRN on 24 November 2007 in Hamburg. che und Rundfunk”. Der Kirchenfunk. / Auf schwierigem Terrain. Die Suche nach neuen Unterhaltungsformen “Struggling for a New Way of Broadcasting. The “Implemen- [Charts for Radio Captains. Research into the Listeners by tation” of the British Public Service-Model in Northwest Ger- the NWDR/Channel between Church and Radio. Church many After World War II”, lecture at the Thirty-First Annual radio/on Difficult Ground. Looking for New Forms of En- Conference of the German Studies Association (GSA) on 6 tertainment]. In: Hans-Ulrich Wagner (Ed.) Die Geschich- October 2007 in San Diego/USA. te des Nordwestdeutschen Rundfunks. Vol. 2. Hamburg, pp. 49-68 / 182-195 / 207-228. “Droge Arbeit. Literarische Reaktionen auf die New Econo- Wagner, H.-U. (2008): Harry Hermann Spitz (1899-1961). In: my” [Work as a Drug. Literary Reactions to the New Econ- Lexikon verfolgter Musiker und Musikerinnen der NS- omy], lecture in the series “Denn wovon lebt der Mensch?” at Zeit. [Dictionary of persecuted Musicians] Hamburg, the University of Hamburg on 10 July 2007. http://cmslib.rrz.uni-hamburg.de:6292/ re- ceive/lexm_lexmperson_00002792;jsessionid=belflo5h8 Publications 2007/2008 lblg?wcmsID=0003&XSL.lexmlayout.SESSION=lexmper son_all. Wagner, H.-U. (2007): Eine “harte Nuss” als Geschenk. Vor Wagner, H.-U. (2008): Ein Nestor mit allem Nachdruck: Der 60 Jahren wurde in Hamburg die erste öffentlich- Hörspielpapst Heinz Schwitzke [A Decided Nestor. The rechtliche Rundfunkanstalt ins Leben gerufen [A ‚Hard Pope of Radio Plays. Heinz Schwitzke], MDR Figaro, 10 Case’ as a Gift. 60 Years ago the First Public Broadcasting February 2008. House was Set up in Hamburg]. In: Fernseh-Informationen Wagner, H.-U. (2008): Das Hörspiel-Kapital und sein akus- 58, no. 12, December, pp. 23-28. tischer Mehrwert [Radio Plays as Capital and Their Wagner, H.-U. (2007): [review]Von wegen “leere” Schubla- Acoustic Added Value], Der 57. Hörspielpreis der Kriegs- den! Studie zur zeitgenössischen Dramatik der ersten blinden: Auf den Spuren der neuen deutschen Radiokunst. Nachkriegsjahre [On the Topic of ‚Empty’Drawers! A In: Funk-Korrespondenz 56, No. 9, 29.2.2008, pp. 3-8. Study on Contemporary Drama from the First Postwar Years]. In: Jahresheft der Internationalen Wolfgang- Dissertations supervised Borchert-Gesellschaft 19, pp. 54-56. Wagner, H.-U. (2007): [Review] Radiotage, Fernsehjahre. Wakiko Kobayashi, Universität Hamburg: Unterhaltung mit Interdisziplinäre Studien zur Rundfunkgeschichte nach Anspruch. Das Hörspielprogramm des NWDR-Hamburg und 1945 [Radio Days, TV Years. Interdisciplinary Studies on des NDR in den 1950er Jahren [Entertainment with Pretenti- Broadcasting History after 1945]. In: Publizistik 52, no. 2, ons. The Radio Play Programme of the NWDR Hamburg in the pp. 283f. 1950’s], (second assessor, completed 2008). 73 Research Report of the Hans Bredow Institute 2007 / 2008

Felix Zimmermann, LL.B., (born 1980) studied law Oxford from April-August 2008. His research at the Bucerius Law School in Hamburg and at the interests lie in the area of advertising regulation, Université Laval in Quebec, Canada. Here, he where he engages particularly with problems of specialised in information and communication law advertising integrated into programming, as these and in the area of jurisprudence. He was already a relate to constitutional law. student assistant at the Hans Bredow Institute and Projects 2007/2008 has been working as a freelancer in the department • Product Placements in the Electronic Media of Media and Telecommunication Law since Au- • Symposium. Equal Opportunity for networks and plat- gust 2006. He was an Academic Visitor a the Cen- forms? tre for Socio-Legal Studies a the University of

HONORARY MEMBER OF THE DIRECTORATE

Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Hoffmann-Riem, LL.M., (born among others, basic rights of media freedom, pro- 1940) studied law in Hamburg, Freiburg i. Br., tection of young people, supervision of broadcast- Munich and Berkeley. He has been Professor for ing in Germany and other industrialised countries, Public Law and Administration at the University of Hamburg as media location, the relationship of Hamburg since 1974. He was the director of the media law and telecommunications law, political Hans Bredow Institute from 1979 and chairperson advising in the media area. Since 2007, he has been of the newly created directorate of the Institute the German delegate at the European Commission from July 1998 until December 1999, until the for Democracy through Law (the Venice Commis- beginning of his activities as Law Senator of the sion). Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg (Sept., 1995 Courses 2007/2008 to Nov., 1997). From 1999-2008 directorate since “Kolloquium zur neueren Rechtsprechung des Bundesverfas- being appointed a judge of the Federal Constitu- sungsgerichts und des Europäischen Gerichtshofs für Menschen- tional Court. He has been the director of the re- rechte zu den Freiheitsrechten” [colloquium on the recent jud- gements of the federal constitutional court and the European search centre on environmental law at the Univer- court of human rights on civil liberties], summer semester 2007. sity of Hamburg since 1994 and academic head of “Recht und Innovation” [law and innovation], Seminar a the the research centre for law and innovation since Faculty of Law at the University of Hamburg winter semester 1995. He spent research and teaching leave at Stan- 2006/07. ford Law School, Harvard Law School, Toulane Publications 2007/2008 Law School, Hastings College of the Law and the Hoffmann-Riem, W. (2007): “Kultur im Sog von Innovationen – Web 2.0” [Culture Caught up in Innovation – Web 2.0]. In: Columbia Institute for Tele-Information, and was, Festschrift für I. Richter aus Anlass der Verleihung des Er- among other things, a member of the commission win-Stein-Preises 2007. Frankfurt a. M.: Erwin-Stein- Stiftung, pp. 17-27. of experts on new media, Baden-Württemberg, of Hoffmann-Riem, W. (2007): Medienfreiheit als Zugangsfreiheit: the commission of enquiry on new information and Risiken in Zeiten der Digitalisierung und zunehmender Kon- zentration” [Media Freedom as Freedom of Access: Risks in communications technologies of the German fed- a Time of Digitalisation and Increasing Concentration]. In: eral parliament, the commission of enquiry on par- Adolf-Arndt-Kreis (Ed.), Schein als Sein. Medien, Kom- merz und Öffentlichkeit. Berlin, pp. 21-35 (Schriftenreihe liamentary reform of the Parliament of the Free and des Adolf-Arndt-Kreises; 5). Hanseatic City of Hamburg, as well as of the Hoffmann-Riem, W. (2007): The Potential Impact of Social Sciences on Administrative Law. In: M. Ruffert (ed.), The “Kommission Medienverantwortung” (“Commis- Transformation of Administrative Law in Europe = La mu- sion on Media Responsibility”) ordered by Federal tation du droit administrative en Europe. Munich, pp. 203- 242 (Schriften zur europäischen Rechtswissenschaft; 4). President von Weizsäcker. He publishes on ques- Hoffmann-Riem, W. (2007): Recht als Instrument der Innovati- tions of media law and media sociology as well as onsoffenheit und der Innovationsverantwortung [Law as an Instrument of Free Innovation and of Responsible Innovati- on constitutional and administrative law, commer- on]. In: H. Hof et al. (Eds.), Innovationsforschung. Ansätze, cial and environmental law, police law and the Methoden, Grenzen und Perspektiven. Hamburg; Münster, pp. 387-401 sociology of law. Projects at the Institute were, 74 Research Emphases and Interests of the Academic Staff

Hoffmann-Riem, W. (2007): Fast nichts wird so bleiben wie Philipp Hammerich: Schutz vor aufgedrängten Informationen bisher. Anmerkungen zum Rundfunk in der Online-Welt durch die negative Rezipientenfreiheit des Artikel 5 Abs. 1 Satz [Almost Nothing at all Will Stay as it Was. Comments on 1 Halbsatz 2 GG unter dem Aspekt des objektiv-rechtlichen Radio in an Online world]. In: Funk-Korrespondenz, 28/29, Grundrechtsgehalts – insbesondere im Internet und in der E-Mail pp. 3-6. Kommunikation [Protection from Imposed Information by the Dissertations supervised 2007/2008 Negative Freedom for recipients as per Article 5 Para 1 Clause 1 Sub-clause 2 GG form the Viewpoint of the Objective-legal Jan Rudolf Busemann: Rechtsfragen des Zugangs zu Ereignis- Provisions of the Basic Law – Particularly in the Internet and in sen, insbesondere im Pay TV [Legal Questions on Access to Email Communication] (completed). Events, Particularly in Pay TV] (current). Post –doctoral dissertations supervised 2007/2008 Stephan Grulert: Die Informations- und Transportvorkehrungen des Telekommunikationsrechts – verglichen mit den allgemeinen Wolfgang Schulz: Öffentlichkeit als Steuerungsressource im öffentlich-rechtlichen Informations- und Transportvorkehrungen Recht der Informationsgesellschaft [Public Sphere as a Gover- [The Information and Transport Stipulations of Telecommunica- nance Resource in the Law on the Information Society] (current). tions Law – Compared with the General Public Information and Transport Stipulations] (current).

ASSOCIATE STAFF MEMBERS

Associate staff members support the Institute in tumn 2007, she held a joint professorship in “Me- defining new research topics and in performing dia Studies” at the Hans Bredow Institute and the concrete investigations. In 2007/2008 the associ- University of Hamburg. Since September 2007 ate staff members were: she is a full professor at the Institute for Media and Communication Studies at the University of Prof. Dr. Joan Kristin Bleicher (born 1960) studied Hamburg and an associate staff member of the German Language and Literature, American Stud- Hans Bredow Institute. ies and general literary criticism in Giessen, Projects 2007/2008 Bloomington/USA and Siegen. She obtained a • Television in Media Competition doctorate at the University of Siegen and worked Courses offered 2007/2008 from 1986-1995 in the special research area no. “Schreiben über Medien” [Writing about the Media], a seminar 240 of the German Research Foundation, project in the programme on Media and Communication at the University of Hamburg, summer semester 2007. Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, “Ästhetik, Pragmatik und Geschichte der Bildschirmmedien. “Grundlagen Fernsehen” [Fundamentals of Television] in the programme Media and Communication at the University of Schwerpunkt: Fernsehen in der Bundesrepublik Hamburg, summer semester 2007. Deutschland” (Aesthetics, Pragmatics and History “Mediengeschichte und Mediengegenwart” [Media and their of the screen-based media. Special Emphasis: Presence], lecture in the programme Media and Communica- Television in the Federal Republic of Germany). tion at the University of Hamburg, summer semester 2007. After teaching posts at the universities of Saar- “Examinations Colloquium” in the programme on Media Culture at the University of Hamburg, winter semester brücken, Marburg, Lüneburg and Hamburg, Joan 2006/07. Kristin Bleicher wrote her post-doctoral thesis at Seminar on Internship in the programme on Media and Com- the University of Hamburg. Her interests empha- munication at the University of Hamburg, winter semester sise the areas of media aesthetics and history, 2006/07. theories of narration, contemporary literature and “Grundlagen Fernsehen” [Fundamentals of Television)], semi- foundational research on the internet. From the nar in the programme on Media Culture at the University of Hamburg, summer semester 2007. summer semester 200l onwards, she has held a “Grundlagen Internet” [Fundamentals of the Internet], seminar professorship in the Germanic Institute at the Uni- in the programme on Media Culture at the University of Ham- versity of Hamburg. From spring 2002 until au- burg, winter semester 06/07.

75 Research Report of the Hans Bredow Institute 2007 / 2008

“Drehbuchschreiben” [Script Writing], a seminar project in the der »Bibel in gerechter Sprache«, Göttingen 2008 (in programme on Media and Communication at the University of print). Hamburg, summer semester 2008. Theses supervised “Online- und Fernsehtrends” [Trends in Online and Television Sigrid Kannengießer, University of Hamburg: Community Offerings]. Grad. seminar in the programme on Media and Radio in Afrika (ongoing) Communication at the University of Hamburg, summer semes- ter 2008. Barbara Link, HFF Potsdam: Fernsehdesign [Television De- sign] (completed). Lectures 2007/2008 Skadi Loist, Universität Hamburg: Geschichte des Queer Cine- “A Survey of Forms of Metareference in Television Pro- ma [History of Queer Cinema] (ongoing). grams”, lecture at the conference Metareference on 24 May 2008 in Graz. Antonia Schmid: “Nationale Identität und die Gegenwart des Antisemitismus im deutschen Nachwendefilm” [National “Tod oder Wiedergeburt? Die neue Zukunft des alten Fernse- Identity and the Currency of Antisemitism in German Films hens” [Death or Renaissance. The New Future of Old Televi- Post Unification] (ongoing). sion.], lecture at the Filmfest Hamburg 2007 on 29 September 2007. “Irgendwas mit Medien? Zur Konzeption des Studiengangs Christoph Hilgert, M.A., (born 1978) studied his- Medien- und Kommunikationswissenschaft.” [Something to tory, journalism and political science at the Uni- Do with Media. On the Conception of the Media and Commu- nications Programme of Study], lecture in the lecture series at versities of Gießen, Bristol (England) and Ham- the University of Hamburg on 10 July 2007. burg. He has been working at the “Research Cen- “Tradition versus Innovation? Genderkonstruktion in den tre for the History of Broadcasting in Northern Medien.” [Constructing Gender in the Media], lecture at the Germany” from March 2006 until December “Tagung zur Bibel in Gerechter Sprache” on 30 June 2007. 2007. Before that he had already been a student “Fernsehen im Wandel? Einblicke in aktuelle Programment- wicklungen” [Is Television Changing? Insights into Current assistant at the Hans Bredow Institute from 2002 Programming Developments], lecture at the conference “Ak- onwards. Since January 2008, he has been the tuelle Fernsehentwicklungen” on 30 March 2007 in Berlin. recipient of a scholarship of the “DFG- “Formen und Funktionen selbstreferentieller Fernsehsendun- Graduiertenkolleg” “Transnationale Medie- gen” [Forms and Functions of Self-referential TV Pro- grammes], lecture at Bonn University on 9 February 2007. nereignisse von der Frühen Neuzeit bis zur Gegenwart” at the Justus-Liebig-University “Emotionalisierungsstrategien in TV Movies und Reality Formaten” [Strategies of Emotionalising in TV Movies and Gießen. His research interests concern aspects of Reality TV Formats], lecture at the conference “Emotionen” at the research into the history of youth, the history the University of Hamburg on 12 January 2007. of media, culture and mentalities, especially the “Fernsehfilm und TV Movie” [Television Film and TV history of the press and of broadcasting, of devel- Movie], lecture in the lecture series Filmgeschichte at the University of Hamburg on 9 January 2007. opments in media politics since 1945, the commu- nicative dimensions of remembering, of the mem- Publications 2007/2008 Bleicher, J. K. (2007): The Old in the New: Forms and Func- ory and of commemoration, as well as the medial tions of archive material in the presentation of television presentation of history. In the framework of his historiy on television. In: Winfried Nöth; Nina Bishara (Ed.): Self-Reference in the Media. Berlin, pp.183-194. PhD-project, he is working on the reporting in the Bleicher, J. K. (2007): Fernsehen macht gesund und schön [TV mass media on and for “young people” in the Makes you Healthy and Beautiful]. In: N. Neuß; M. Gro- ße-Loheide (Ed.), Körper Kult Medien. Inszenierungen im 1950s, with a particular emphasis on West- Alltag und in der Medienbildung. Bielefeld, pp. 113-124. German and British broadcasting. Bleicher, J. K. (2008): Neues Fernsehen, neue Programme? Formen und Funktionen von Paratexten im IPTV [New Projects 2007/2008 Television, New Programmes? Forms and Functions of • History of Broadcasting in Northern Germany 1945-1955 Paratexts in IPTV]. In: Andrejz Gwozdz: Paratexte in den Medien. Krakau (in print). • Radio and Youth Cultures in the 1950 Bleicher, J. K. (2008): Das Private ist das Authentische Refer- • The Genre of Witnessing: Media, History and the Holo- enzbezüge aktueller Reality Formate [The Private Sphere caust is the Authentic Frame of Reference for Current Reality Formats]. In: H. Segeberg (Ed.): Referenz in den Medien. • Mapping Europe: Identities, historical relations, media Marburg, (in print). representations. The Case of the Baltic Sea Region Bleicher, J. K. (2008): Genderkonstruktion in den Medien am Beispiel der Pressereaktion auf die Bibel in Gerechter Lectures 2007/2008 Sprache [Gender Construction in the Media Using the E- “Lessons on Democracy: Contested Coverage of Politics in xample of the Press’s Reaction to the Bible in a Fit Langu- Radio Programs of 'Nordwestdeutscher Rundfunk'”, lecture at age]. In: C. Berger, S. Peters; B. Joswig (Ed.): Gott heißt the panel “Radio for a Post-War Society” at the 31. Annual nicht nur Vater. Zur Rede über Gott in den Übersetzungen 76 Research Emphases and Interests of the Academic Staff

Conference of the German Studies Association (GSA) on 6 2007 in Copenhagen, Denmark, at the University October 2007 in San Diego, California (with J. Fuge). of Copenhagen and subsequent to that in Leeds, “Rundfunk und Region – Diskussion um die Gestaltung des Rundfunks in Nordwestdeutschland 1945-1955”, [Radio and Great Britain, at the Jean Monnet European Centre Region – Discussiona nd Foramtion of Radio in North West of Excellence of the University of Leeds. Her Germany 1945-1955] lecture at the conference “Der Umgang research interests involve above all media use, mit den Folgen von NS-Zeit und Krieg in Niedersachsen nach 1945” [Dealing wiht the consequences of the Nazi Period and new media, online communication and political the War in Lower Saxony after 1945], 17. Treffen des Arbeits- communication, as well as the entire complex kreises für die Geschichte des 19. und 20. Jahrhunderts der Historischen Kommission für Niedersachsen und Bremen “European Union”. [17th Meeting of the Working Party on History of 19 and 20 Courses 2007/2008 Century of the Historical Commission for Lower Saxony and Bremen] on 17 February 2007 in Hanover (with J. Fuge). “Audiences and Public Spheres in Europe”, graduate seminar in the context of the Erasmus Mundus Master Programme Publications 2007/2008 ‘Journalism and Media within Globalisation’ at the University Fuge, J; Hilgert, C. (2008): Aktuell und überparteilich, aber of Hamburg, winter semester 2006/2007. nicht unpolitisch. Informationssendungen und politische “Modul Medienrezeptionsforschung – theoretische Grundlage Programmangebote im Hörfunk des NWDR [Current and und empirische Forschung” [Module on Media Reception Above Parties but not Apolitical. Information and Political Research – Theoretical Bases and Empirical Research], in the Programmes in NWDR Radio]. In: H.-U. Wagner (Ed.): Die Geschichte des Nordwestdeutschen Rundfunks; Vol. context of the BA programme in specialist journalism at the 2. Hamburg, pp. 105-149. University of Applied Sciences Bremen, winter semester Hilgert, C. (2007): Kommentare ohne Biss? Der NWDR im 2006/2007. Konflikt mit der Politik [Toothless Commentary? The NNWDR in Conflict with Politics]. In: Fernseh- Lectures 2007/2008 Informationen 58 (2007), H. 8, pp. 18-20. “Images Enacted via the EU Website”, lecture at the Jean Hilgert, C. (2007): Rezension zu [Review of ] Clas Dammann, Monnet European Centre of Excellence of Leeds University on Stimme aus dem Äther – Fenster zur Welt. Die Anfänge 14 November 2007 in Leeds, UK. von Radio und Fernsehen in Deutschland.In: M&K 55 (2), pp. 271-273. “Seeking and Providing Information online: Revisiting the Hilgert, C. (2008): “1 : 0 für Dr. Pleister”. Der Sport im Fern- Dynamic-Transactional Approach”, paper presentation at the sehen [1:0 to Dr. Pleister. Sport in Television]. In: H.-U. ICA (International Communication Association) on 25 May Wagner (Ed.): Die Geschichte des Nordwestdeutschen 2007 in San Francisco, USA. Rundfunks; Vol. 2. Hamburg, pp. 311-319. Hilgert, C. (2008): Mehr als “1 : 0-Berichterstattung”: Der Publications 2007/2008 Sport im Hörfunk-Programm des NWDR [More than 1:0 Hoppmann, T. (in print): Examining the ‘point of frustration’. Reporting: Sport in the NWDR Radio Programme]. In: H.- The think-aloud method applied to online search tasks. In: U. Wagner (Ed.): Die Geschichte des Nordwestdeutschen International Journal of Methodology. Quality & Quantity. Rundfunks; Vol. 2. Hamburg, pp. 150-162. www.springerlink.com/content/a3835886412u4708/fulltext. Hilgert, C. (2008): Rezension zu [Review of] Behmer, Markus; pdf. Hasselbring, Bettina (Eds.), Radiotage, Fernsehjahre. In- Hoppmann, T. K. (2007). Seeking and Providing Information terdisziplinäre Studien zur Rundfunkgeschichte nach 1945 online: Integrating Existing Models to Study User Percep- [Radio Days. Tleevsion Years. Interdisciplinary Studies on tions of EU Institutions and Communicator Perceptions of Radio History after 1945] Münster 2006. In: H-Soz-u- their Users. Working paper; Jean Monnet European Centre Kult, 30.06.2008, http://hsozkult.geschichte.hu- of Excellence (JMECE), November 2007. berlin.de/rezensionen/2008-2-208.

Talke Klara Hoppmann, M.A., (born 1980) studied Dr. Till Kreutzer (born 1971) and is a lawyer and a communication and American Studies at the Ruhr- partner in the firm i.e., Consultant Bureau for University in Bochum, at the University of Ham- Information Law in Hamburg. He is an associate burg and on a Fulbright Scholarship to Temple at the Hans Bredow Institute, research associate at University Philadelphia, USA. After working as a the Humboldt University Berlin, and a lecturer in student assistant for several years on various pro- competition, trademark and copyright law at the jects (above all related to Europe) at the Hans Hamburg Media School and a member of the In- Bredow Institute and for a year on the project stitute for Legal Issues of free and open Software” “Designating various Forms of Advertising from (ifrOSS). In addition, he is an editor at the Viewer’s Viewpoint”, she has been writing a iRights.info, the information portal for copyright doctorate since the beginning of 2006 on the topic in the digital world, which won the Grimme- of user perception of EU institutions and of their Online-Award 2006. In the context of the reform perception of communicators. In this comparative of copyright in the information society he was project, she has been researching since February invited as expert to the hearing for the federal

77 Research Report of the Hans Bredow Institute 2007 / 2008

parliament legal committee at the enactment of the [Federation of German Trades Unions] on 6 December 2007 in Berlin “Law on Regulation of Copyright in the Informa- “Urheberrecht und Web 2.0” [Copright and Web 2.0], lecture at the tion Society” (First and Second Basket”) and was mekonet Symposium “Alles, was Recht ist im Web 2.0 – Heraus- a member of the man working group, which the forderungen an die Medienkompetenz” on 16 October 2007 in Schwerte (www.meko net.de/php/service/wsdoku/ws_07/ ws0701. federal government had convened to set up the php). “Second Basket”. He is a lecturer in E-Learning “Urheberrechtliche Fragen bei “verwaisten Werken” [Copright and has developed various E-Learning modules Questions with ‚Orphaned Works’], lecture at the symposium of the German Cinematheque “Im Schatten der Verwertungsinteres- and other learning and information materials on sen – Filmarchive, Filmmuseen und das Urheberrecht” on 14 the topic of E-Learning and law, among other September 2007 in Berlin (www.talent-film.net/portal/ in- things the programme “Legal Issues in E- dex.php?BID=61). Learning”, which was awarded with the “Euro- “Urheberrecht in der digitalen Welt – Ein Überblick anhand aktuel- ler Problemfelder” [Copyright Law in the Digital World – an pean eLearning Award eureleA 2008”, and he is Overview about Currently Problematic Issues], lecture at the also the author of various publications on topic of Fernausbildungskongress of the Helmut Schmidt University on 13 September 2007 in Hamburg (www.hsu-hh.de/teletutor/ in- information law in specialist and popular media dex_GDiEa7TAk 93DZ RmD.html). (eg. GRUR, CR, MMR, ZUM, brand eins, Telepo- “Computerprogramme und Schutz technischer Maßnahmen” lis, Süddeutsche Zeitung, EPD Medien, Stern). [Computer Programmes and the Protection of Technical Meas- ures], dissertation colloquium at the University of Hamburg on 25 His dissertation with Prof. Dr. Hoffmann-Riem April 2007 in Hamburg concerns the model of copyright and regulation Publications 2007/2008 alternatives (to be published in October 2008). Djordjevic, V., Gehring, R., Grassmuck V., Kreutzer, T., Courses 2007/2008 Spielkamp, M. (2008): Urheberrecht im Alltag. Kopieren, bearbeiten, selber machen [Copyright in the Everyday Li- “Recht imWeb 2.0” [Law in Web 2.0], seminar at the Internation- fe. Copying, Modifying, Creating], Schriftenreihe der ale DAAD-Akademie: Neue digitale Medien im Bildungsmarket- Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung, vol. 655 (www. ing – Anwendungsbereiche von Web 2.0 [New digital Media in bpb.de/publikationen/OJVZDZ,0,Urheberrecht_im_All- Marketing Education – Areas of Application of Web 2.0]on 7 May tag.html). 2008 in Bonn (www.daad-aka demie.de/gate-germany/#80) Kreutzer, T. (2007): Rechtsfragen bei E-Learning [Legal Questions with E-learning], www.mm “Urheberrecht und E-Learning” [Copyright and E-learning], work- kh.de/upload/dokumente/Leitfaden_E-Learning_und_ shop at the Free University Berlin on 28 April 2008. Recht_creativecommons_MMKH.pdf. “Urheberrecht und E-Learning [Copyright and E-learning], work- Kreutzer, T. (2007): Anmerkung zum Urteil des LG Köln shop at the Free University Berlin on 27 April 2007. [Comment on the Decision of the District Court Cologne] – spickmich.de. In: MMR, pp. 729. “Rechtsfragen bei E-Learning” [Copyright and E-learning], Kreutzer, T. (2007): Computerspiele im System des deutschen workshop at the Free University Berlin on 27 September 2007. Urheberrechts [Computer Games in the System of German Lectures 2007/2008 Copyright Law]. In: Computer und Recht, No. 1, pp. 1-8. Kreutzer, T. (2008): Das Modell des deutschen Urheberrechts “iRights.info – Urheberrecht im Alltag” [Irights – Copyright in the und Regelungsalternativen [The system of the German Everyday World], lecture at re:publica 2008 on 4 April 2008 in Copyright Law and Regulatory Alternatives]. Baden- Berlin (http://programm.re-publica.de/ 2008/day_3.de.html). Baden. Kreutzer, T. (2008): “Nicht alles, was geht, ist auch erlaubt” “Chancen erkannt, Chancen vertan – Zum Nutzen des “Zweiten [Not Everything that’s Doable is Allowed], klicksafe.de, Korbes” der Urheberrechtsreform für Wissenschaft und Bildung” www.klicksafe.de/comasystem/view/medien/ [Chances Seen, Chances Lost – on the Use of the ‚Second Basket’ view_medien.pl?datensatz=medRK1X0NI0MAlW97o9mz of the Copyright Reform for Research and Education], lecture at YwvrIOv7VtSMyTl5P9jISvtPDw9UlLEx1201263196& GML conference 2008 on 13 March 2008 in Berlin (www. ver- projekt=promkbXzdnaOzurCe51whm5lVILmquU5AcYjj bundkolleg-berlin.de/GML/GML08/Agenda%20GML_03-10_Ari ERnGQlKKodZCOuyT1165851760&designfile=material_ al.pdf). projekte.php. “Was bringt der Zweite Korb für Wissenschaft und Bildung?” Kreutzer, T. (in print): User related assets and drawbacks of Open Content licensing. In: Kluwer Law International [What Does the Second Basket Bring for Research and Education], 2008. lecture at the Plenum 2007 des Action coallition “Urheberrecht für Bildung und Wissenschaft” [Copyright for Education and Re- search] Das Urheberrecht zwischen dem Zweiten und einem Dritten Korb [the copyright Law between the second and third Arne Laudien (born 1977) studied law at the Uni- Basket] on 7 December 2007 in Osnabrück (www.urheberrechts- versity of Hamburg with special emphasis on buendnis.de/workshop122007.html). information and communication. He worked at the “Digitales Urheberrecht – neue Regelungen im Lichte unterschied- Institute from July 2004 to July 2006, after al- licher Interessen “ [Digital Copyright – New Regulations in the Light of Varying Interests], lecture at the “Fachgespräch zum ready being a study assistant since 2002. He has Digitalen Urheberrecht” of the Deutschen Gewerkschaftsbundes been an associate staff member since July 2006.

78 Research Emphases and Interests of the Academic Staff

He is currently completing an internship at the gramme of the John F. Kennedy School of Gov- Hanseatic Court of Appeal. His research interests ernment in Harvard and has been a doctoral can- involve, among other things, the regulation of didate at the Oxford Internet Institute. Before telecommunications and the law on personality. A discovering the pleasant life of an academic, he further special area of his work is his dissertation worked as a radio reporter and advertising copy- project on the need for accommodation of the writer. His interests involve above all the Internet concept of censorship in the Basic Law to the as a communications platform and the social and regulation of communication in the 21st century. commercial questions connected with that. A spe- Projects 2007/2008 cial emphasis is here the development and re- • Co-regulation in the EU media area searching of new forms of regulation, as well as their bases in constitutional and European law. In his dissertation, he tackles reputation-technologies Thilo Wind (born 1979) studied law in Hamburg and the question as to how and under what condi- and Göttingen as well as in England and at Aarhus tions to coordinate and regulate this human behav- in Denmark. In addition to this, the “Scandinavian iour. Area Studies” programme of the Danish Univer- sity of Odense has formed a welcomed change Courses 2007/2008 from his legal line. During his law studies, he “Analytic Frameworks for Extra-legal Governance”, tutorial at the University of Oxford, Trinity Term 2008. focused on the area of “Information and Commu- “Internet Governance & Regulation”, tutorial at the University nication”. He was initially a student assistant and of Oxford, Hilary Term 2008. has been a freelance researcher since August 2007 “Intellectual Property Law”, workshop an der International and is associated with the Institute in the area of School of New Media at the University of Lübeck, summer semester 2007. media and telecommunications law. And in addi- “Media & Law”, lecture at the International School of New tion to these activities he is a legal intern at the Media at the University of Lübeck, winter semester 2006/07. Hanseatic Court of Appeal. Publications 2007/2008 Publication 2007/2008 Mayer-Schönberger, V.; Ziewitz, M. (2007): Jefferson Re- Schulz, W.; Held, T.; Dreyer, S. in cooperation with T. Wind buffed: The United States and the Future of Internet Gov- (2008): Regulation of Broadcasting and Internet Services ernance, 8 Columbia Science and Technology Law Re- in Germany. A brief overview, March 2008 (2nd ed.). view 188 (2007); earlier version published as Faculty Re- Hamburg (Arbeitspapiere des Hans-Bredow-Instituts Nr. search Working Paper Series RWP 06-018 (2006), John F. 13, www.hans-bredow-institut.de/english/publications/ap/ Kennedy School of Government, available at 13-2Mediaregulation.pdf). http://ssrn.com/abstract=902374 Ziewitz, M. (2008): Viel Ordnung, wenig Recht: Kollaborative Selbstkontrolle als Vertrauensfaktor am Beispiel Wikipe- dias [Much Regulation, Little Law: Collaborative Self- Malte Ziewitz, M.P.A. (born 1976) studied law in Monitoring as a Trust Factor Using Wikipedia as Exam- Göttingen, Rome and Hamburg. He worked at the ple]. In: D. Klumpp, H. Kubicek, A. Rossnagel, W. Schulz (Eds.), Informationelles Vertrauen für die Informationsge- Hans Bredow Institute from June 2003 to August sellschaft. Berlin: Springer, pp. 173-188. 2004. He was a McCloy-Scholar in the MPA pro-

GUEST RESEARCHERS

Joan Ramon Rodríguez-Amat, M. A. (born 1975) ries of nationalism in media studies. He has taught studies Media Studies (UAB, Barcelona), Com- since 2001 in the Department of Digital Commu- municative Strategy and Political Science (ICPS, nication at the University de Vic (Barcelona, Barcelona, 1999), Political Communication and Spain). In the Summer and the Winter semesters Strategy (UAB, Barcelona, 2000) and Qualitative 2007 he also worked as a lecturer a the Institute of Methods of Social Research (UdG, Girona, 2001). Intercultural Business Communication (IWK) at In 2006 he wrote his MA on the meaning of theo- the Friedrich-Schiller University in Jena, Previ-

79 Research Report of the Hans Bredow Institute 2007 / 2008

ously he taught in 2006 in France (INFOCOM head of the legal department of the Brazilian In- University Lyon II) and in 2004 in Great Britain formation Technology Institute (ITI), reporting to (University of Surrey-Roehampton, London). His the presidential office, and participated in pro- research interests concern media culture, discourse grammes for introducing an infrastructure for analysis, the history of communication as well as electronic signatures and free software. Subse- political communication and the main emphasis of quently, he did an LL.M in Law and Technology his work rests on national discourse and national in the context of the Law & Technology- mythologies, on which he also wrote his doctorate Programme of the University of Ottawa (2005- “Nationalisation of the Public Sphere: the Role of 2006). He has been a doctoral candidate in the the Media in the Construction of National My- area of Information, Communication and the So- thologies”. Ramon Rodríguez is a guest researcher cial Sciences at Kellogg College and at the Oxford at the Hans Bredow Institute from March to Sep- Internet Institute at the University of Oxford and a tember 2008 and will finish his doctorate there. scholarship of the CAPES Foundation of the Bra- He is particularly interested in the current research zilian Ministry of Education. His dissertation has outputs and projects of the Institute on European the working title: “Evaluating Neutrality in the Media and Public Spheres (EuroMaPS) and the Information Age: on the Value of Persons and projects in the area of media offerings and media Access” and concerns itself from the viewpoint of culture. law and political studies with the application of the principle of neutrality in internet law and poli- Marcelo Thompson Mello Guimaraes (born 1978) tics. His particular interests concern the legal, studied Law at the Pontifícia Universidade political and philosophical aspects of electronic Católica do Rio de Janeiro, and took his Bachelor forms of identification, of intellectual property of Laws (LL.B.) in 2000, with a postgraduate and the access to technology and knowledge, filter diploma from 2002-2003 in the legal area of intel- mechanisms and internet communication in gen- lectual property. Concurrently he had a teaching eral. Marcelo Thompson Mello Guimaraes was a post for IT law at the Pontifícia Universidade guest researcher for two months in May/June 2008 Católica. From 2002-2003 he also worked as a at the Hans Bredow Institute and participated, lawyer in the department of Venture Capital of the among other things, in the symposium “Equal Brazilian Innovation Agency FINEP of the Brazil- Opportunity for Networks and Platforms?” The ian Ministry for Science and Technology and was period of research was supported by the Institute head of the department for conduct of law cases jointly with the Alcatel-Lucent Foundation. from 2002-2003. From 2004-2005 he was the

STUDENT ASSISTANTS The Institute also employs assistants and interns, nengießer, Anne Kaun, Michal Kmec, Matthias who work not only in the context of the projects, Krawen, Alexander Kunath, Nicole Landeck, but also in indispensable activities across the Johanna Langmaack, Stefanie Lefeldt, Esther board, such as archiving and organising events. Loeck, Martin Lose, Eliana Mankollari, Norman Those active since the beginning of 2007 have Müller, Andrej Pletter, Stefanie Röders, Wiebke been: Rohde, Anne Runkel, Meike Schmidt, Felix Sascha Arnold, Eva Boller, Andrea Burmester, Schröter, Christiane Schwinge, Wencke Stege- Gyde Clausen, Nils Dargel, Vanessa Dreyer, mann, Sebastian Thiele, Stefanie Trümper, Marius Drosselmeier, Hasmik Episkoposian, Gordon Volkmer, Imke Wendt, Michaela Wern- Frank Hahn, Celina Hauptmann, Michael Hum- ing, Thilo Wind und Matthias Zingg. berg, Thorsten Ihler, Heiner Kahlert, Sigrid Kan-

80

CONTACT * These staff members work in the annex at Warburgstraße 8-10, 20354 Hamburg ** These staff members work at the University of Hamburg, Von-Melle-Park 6, 20146 Hamburg.

Telephone E-Mail Directorate Prof. Dr. Uwe Hasebrink ( Chairperson)* 450 217-81 [email protected] Dr. Wolfgang Schulz (Managing Director) 450 217-0 [email protected]

Academic Advisors Dr. Thorsten Held 450 217-31 [email protected] Dr. Claudia Lampert* 450 217-92 [email protected] Dr. Jan-H. Schmidt* 450 217-83 [email protected] Dipl.-Soz. Hermann-Dieter Schröder 450 217-32 [email protected]

Academic Staff Inka Brunn 450 217-44 [email protected] Hanna Domeyer, M. A.* 450 217-91 [email protected] Stephan Dreyer 450 217-33 [email protected] Stefan Heilmann 450 217-33 [email protected] Anja Herzog, M.A.* 450 217-84 [email protected] Thorsten Ihler 450 217 33 [email protected] Stefanie Lefeldt 450 217 33 [email protected] Daniel Tolks* 450 217 92 [email protected]

Academic Assistant a the Chair of Prof. Hasebrink , University of Hamburg: Sascha Hölig, M. A.** 42838-7166 [email protected]

Research Centre for History on Broadcasting in Northern Germany Dr. Hans-Ulrich Wagner** 42838-2724 [email protected]

Editors and Public Relations Christiane Matzen, M.A. 450 217-41 [email protected]

Literature/ Information 450 217-22 [email protected] Dipl.-Bibl. Jutta Simon Olga Lévay 450 217-22 [email protected]

Personnel and Finances Hannelore Günther 450 217-12 [email protected] Brigitte Saß 450 217-12 [email protected]

Secretary Elfrun von Schutzbar 450 217-11 [email protected]

Systems Administrator Sebastian Schieke 450 217-42 [email protected]

81

STAFF AND ORGANIZATION OF THE HANS BREDOW INSTITUTE (BY JULY 2008)

Board of Directors Prof. Dr. Uwe Hasebrink Dr. Wolfgang Schulz Chairperson Managing Director

Communication Studies Law Administration Transfer Hanna Domeyer, M. A. Inka Brunn Christiane Matzen, M. A. Hannelore Günther European Public Sphere, Media Use Copyright Law, Broadcasting Law Personnel Editor, Public Relations Anja Herzog, M. A. Stephan Dreyer Dipl.-Bibl. Jutta Simon Anja Herzog, M. A. Intercultural Communication Interactive Media, Information, Documentation Back-Office Law on Protection of Minors Dr. Claudia Lampert Brigitte Saß Media Pedagogy, Health Communicatioin Stefan Heilmann, LL.B. Olga Lévay Blibrary Assistant Finance, Controlling Internet Law, Broadcasting Law Dr. Jan-Hinrik Schmidt Sebastian Schieke Political Communication, Dr. Thorsten Held Systems Administration Digital Interactive Media Broadcasting Law, Online Communication Elfrun von Schutzbar Associates Secretariat Dipl.-Soz. Hermann-Dieter Schröder Thorsten Ihler Media Economics and Organisation Data Protection Law, Prof. Dr. Joan Kristin Bleicher Law on Protection of Minors Dipl.-Gesundheitswirt Daniel Tolks Christoph Hilgert, M. A. Health Communicatiion Stefanie Lefeldt Talke Klara Hoppmann, M. A. Law on Protection of Minors Research Centre for the Arne Laudien History of Broadcasting in Northern Germany Dr. Till Kreutzer (with the University of Hamburg, Thilo Wind NWDR, WDR) Malte Ziewitz, M.P.A. Dr. Hans-Ulrich Wagner