Cryosphere Monitoring in Northern Pakistan 2-5 February, 2016 SALKEHARD (RUSSIA)
1 Pakistan’s Cryospheric Assets Number of Area of Glaciers Volume of Ice Ranges Glaciers (km2) (km3) 7259 11780 2066 Himalaya Karakoram Hindukush Cryosphere Monitoring Network of Pakistan
. 20 Manned Obs . 09 AWS installed . 10 Proposed AWS CLIMATE CHANGE Period 100 Years 75 Years 50 Years 25 Years NAs Annual Mean Precipitation (mm) 1901- 2011
450 y = 0.7317x + 182.35 400
350
300
250
200
Precipitation(mm) 150
100
50
0
1913 1931
1901 1910
1916 1961
1919 1991
1937 1973
1955
1925 1952
1922
1934 1943
1958 1985
1907 1928 1970 1982
1967 1976
1979 1997
1904 1940
1946 1964
1988
1949 1994
2003
2000
2006 2009
Precipitation Linear (Precipitation) Siachen Glacier has retreated about 2 Km in 21 years Satellite image and recent studies show 2.7 Km damage to ice Stream on the Batura glacier in 34 yrs.
LANDSAT LANDSAT 15-07-1979 09-10-2013 Distribution of Glacial Lakes (2013) Summary of glacial lakes inventory in HKH Region of Pakistan
Number Area (sq km) Basin Total % Total % Largest Swat 214 7.0 12.5 9.3 0.74 Chitral 116 3.8 5.8 4.3 1.61 Gilgit 660 21.7 37.8 28.1 2.71 Hunza 216 7.1 9.2 6.8 5.78 Shigar 110 3.6 2.3 1.7 0.21 Shyok 270 8.9 6.0 4.4 0.29 Indus 815 26.8 32.4 24.0 2.56 Shingo 247 8.1 11.8 8.7 1.40 Astore 196 6.4 5.8 4.3 0.49 Jhelum 200 6.6 11.2 8.3 0.98
3044 100.0 134.8 100.0 Total
10 Distribution of Potentially Dangerous Lakes Images showing Increase in Glacier Lake volume
2001 2013 Darkot Lake, Gilgit (Gil_gl 612) growing rapidly near large glacier
2001 2013
Chi_gl 26 growing rapidly due to glacier melting 12 Monthly Average Snow Cover of Northern Pakistan (SqKm)
100000.00
90000.00
80000.00
70000.00
60000.00
50000.00
40000.00
30000.00
20000.00
10000.00
0.00 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Average Snow Cover (2003-2014) Average Snow Cover 2015 Field Activities for Monitoring of Cryosphere
Installation of AWS and automatic gauges. Mass Balance Experiments on Glaciers GPR profile experiments on Glaciers and Lakes Bathymetric Profiling of Glacier Lakes River Profiling of streams Black Carbon Deposit Sampling Extent of Monsoon Sampling Isotope Analysis Climate Change Impact Assessment & Adaptation AWS - Askole Altitude : 3015 m a.s.l. Air Temperature (oC) Installed: June 18, 2004
Relative Humidity (%)
Atmospheric Pressure (hPa)
Global Radiation (W m-2)
Wind Speed (ms-1)
Wind Direction (degree)
Total Precipitation(mm) Installation of Glacier Monitoring Stations in Northern Pakistan
Bagrot Valley Automatic Raingauge Passu Ghar, Passu Glacier 3200 m a.s.l
Bagrot Valley Automatic Wx Station Patundas, Passu Glacier 4500 m a.s.l,
Automatic Weather Stations
AWS at Dhamay, Bagrot AWS at Hinarche Glacier, Bagrot Valley at 4,000 m.a.s.l. Valley at 3300 m.a.s.l. Automatic Rain Gauges
Bilchar, Bagrot Valley Burche, Bagrot Valley Records rainfall intensity and total rainfall amount during particular time interval. Mass Balance Measurements ON PASSU AND BALTORO GLACIERS
Installation of Stakes for Mass Balance Study
Stakes are inserted over different locations on glaciers to determine its spatial variations and melting process Glacier Survey and Monitoring-GPR Profiling Profile Map of the Glacier Cross-Sectional Profiles of Bindogol Glacier Bathymetric Mapping of Lake
Lake at Hinarchi Glacier
Lake at Gharko Glacier
24 Recent Glacier Dynamics It has been observed during visit in September 2014 that the lake at Gargo Glacier has been drained out gradually.
THANKS
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