Cryosphere Monitoring in Northern 2-5 February, 2016 SALKEHARD (RUSSIA)

1 Pakistan’s Cryospheric Assets Number of Area of Glaciers Volume of Ice Ranges Glaciers (km2) (km3) 7259 11780 2066 Himalaya Hindukush Cryosphere Monitoring Network of Pakistan

. 20 Manned Obs . 09 AWS installed . 10 Proposed AWS CLIMATE CHANGE Period 100 Years 75 Years 50 Years 25 Years NAs Annual Mean Precipitation (mm) 1901- 2011

450 y = 0.7317x + 182.35 400

350

300

250

200

Precipitation(mm) 150

100

50

0

1913 1931

1901 1910

1916 1961

1919 1991

1937 1973

1955

1925 1952

1922

1934 1943

1958 1985

1907 1928 1970 1982

1967 1976

1979 1997

1904 1940

1946 1964

1988

1949 1994

2003

2000

2006 2009

Precipitation Linear (Precipitation) Siachen Glacier has retreated about 2 Km in 21 years Satellite image and recent studies show 2.7 Km damage to ice Stream on the Batura glacier in 34 yrs.

LANDSAT LANDSAT 15-07-1979 09-10-2013 Distribution of Glacial Lakes (2013) Summary of glacial lakes inventory in HKH Region of Pakistan

Number Area (sq km) Basin Total % Total % Largest Swat 214 7.0 12.5 9.3 0.74 Chitral 116 3.8 5.8 4.3 1.61 660 21.7 37.8 28.1 2.71 Hunza 216 7.1 9.2 6.8 5.78 110 3.6 2.3 1.7 0.21 Shyok 270 8.9 6.0 4.4 0.29 Indus 815 26.8 32.4 24.0 2.56 Shingo 247 8.1 11.8 8.7 1.40 Astore 196 6.4 5.8 4.3 0.49 Jhelum 200 6.6 11.2 8.3 0.98

3044 100.0 134.8 100.0 Total

10 Distribution of Potentially Dangerous Lakes Images showing Increase in Glacier Lake volume

2001 2013 Darkot Lake, Gilgit (Gil_gl 612) growing rapidly near large glacier

2001 2013

Chi_gl 26 growing rapidly due to glacier melting 12 Monthly Average Snow Cover of Northern Pakistan (SqKm)

100000.00

90000.00

80000.00

70000.00

60000.00

50000.00

40000.00

30000.00

20000.00

10000.00

0.00 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Average Snow Cover (2003-2014) Average Snow Cover 2015 Field Activities for Monitoring of Cryosphere

 Installation of AWS and automatic gauges.  Mass Balance Experiments on Glaciers  GPR profile experiments on Glaciers and Lakes  Bathymetric Profiling of Glacier Lakes  River Profiling of streams  Black Carbon Deposit Sampling  Extent of Monsoon Sampling  Isotope Analysis  Climate Change Impact Assessment & Adaptation AWS - Askole Altitude : 3015 m a.s.l. Air Temperature (oC) Installed: June 18, 2004

Relative Humidity (%)

Atmospheric Pressure (hPa)

Global Radiation (W m-2)

Wind Speed (ms-1)

Wind Direction (degree)

Total Precipitation(mm) Installation of Glacier Monitoring Stations in Northern Pakistan

Bagrot Valley Automatic Raingauge Passu Ghar, Passu Glacier 3200 m a.s.l

Bagrot Valley Automatic Wx Station Patundas, Passu Glacier 4500 m a.s.l,

Automatic Weather Stations

AWS at Dhamay, Bagrot AWS at Hinarche Glacier, Bagrot Valley at 4,000 m.a.s.l. Valley at 3300 m.a.s.l. Automatic Rain Gauges

Bilchar, Bagrot Valley Burche, Bagrot Valley Records rainfall intensity and total rainfall amount during particular time interval. Mass Balance Measurements ON PASSU AND BALTORO GLACIERS

Installation of Stakes for Mass Balance Study

Stakes are inserted over different locations on glaciers to determine its spatial variations and melting process Glacier Survey and Monitoring-GPR Profiling Profile Map of the Glacier Cross-Sectional Profiles of Bindogol Glacier Bathymetric Mapping of Lake

Lake at Hinarchi Glacier

Lake at Gharko Glacier

24 Recent Glacier Dynamics  It has been observed during visit in September 2014 that the lake at Gargo Glacier has been drained out gradually.

THANKS

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