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3.1.3.J-K.Uddin-Pakistan Cryospheric Activities

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3.1.3.J-K.Uddin-Pakistan Cryospheric Activities Cryosphere Monitoring in Northern Pakistan 2-5 February, 2016 SALKEHARD (RUSSIA) 1 Pakistan’s Cryospheric Assets Number of Area of Glaciers Volume of Ice Ranges Glaciers (km2) (km3) 7259 11780 2066 Himalaya Karakoram Hindukush Cryosphere Monitoring Network of Pakistan . 20 Manned Obs . 09 AWS installed . 10 Proposed AWS CLIMATE CHANGE Period 100 Years 75 Years 50 Years 25 Years Precipitation(mm) 400 200 450 300 250 350 100 150 50 0 NAs Annual Mean Precipitation (mm) Annual1901 Mean Precipitation NAs 1901 1904 1907 1910 1913 1916 1919 1922 1925 1928 1931 1934 Precipitation 1937 1940 1943 1946 1949 1952 1955 Linear (Precipitation) 1958 1961 1964 1967 1970 1973 1976 1979 1982 1985 1988 1991 - 1994 2011 1997 y = 0.7317x + 182.35 2000 2003 2006 2009 Siachen Glacier has retreated about 2 Km in 21 years Satellite image and recent studies show 2.7 Km damage to ice Stream on the Batura glacier in 34 yrs. LANDSAT LANDSAT 15-07-1979 09-10-2013 Distribution of Glacial Lakes (2013) Summary of glacial lakes inventory in HKH Region of Pakistan Number Area (sq km) Basin Total % Total % Largest Swat 214 7.0 12.5 9.3 0.74 Chitral 116 3.8 5.8 4.3 1.61 Gilgit 660 21.7 37.8 28.1 2.71 Hunza 216 7.1 9.2 6.8 5.78 Shigar 110 3.6 2.3 1.7 0.21 Shyok 270 8.9 6.0 4.4 0.29 Indus 815 26.8 32.4 24.0 2.56 Shingo 247 8.1 11.8 8.7 1.40 Astore 196 6.4 5.8 4.3 0.49 Jhelum 200 6.6 11.2 8.3 0.98 3044 100.0 134.8 100.0 Total 10 Distribution of Potentially Dangerous Lakes Images showing Increase in Glacier Lake volume 2001 2013 Darkot Lake, Gilgit (Gil_gl 612) growing rapidly near large glacier 2001 2013 Chi_gl 26 growing rapidly due to glacier melting 12 Monthly Average Snow Cover of Northern Pakistan (SqKm) 100000.00 90000.00 80000.00 70000.00 60000.00 50000.00 40000.00 30000.00 20000.00 10000.00 0.00 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Average Snow Cover (2003-2014) Average Snow Cover 2015 Field Activities for Monitoring of Cryosphere Installation of AWS and automatic gauges. Mass Balance Experiments on Glaciers GPR profile experiments on Glaciers and Lakes Bathymetric Profiling of Glacier Lakes River Profiling of streams Black Carbon Deposit Sampling Extent of Monsoon Sampling Isotope Analysis Climate Change Impact Assessment & Adaptation AWS - Askole Altitude : 3015 m a.s.l. Air Temperature (oC) Installed: June 18, 2004 Relative Humidity (%) Atmospheric Pressure (hPa) Global Radiation (W m-2) Wind Speed (ms-1) Wind Direction (degree) Total Precipitation(mm) Installation of Glacier Monitoring Stations in Northern Pakistan Bagrot Valley Automatic Raingauge Passu Ghar, Passu Glacier 3200 m a.s.l Bagrot Valley Automatic Wx Station Patundas, Passu Glacier 4500 m a.s.l, Automatic Weather Stations AWS at Dhamay, Bagrot AWS at Hinarche Glacier, Bagrot Valley at 4,000 m.a.s.l. Valley at 3300 m.a.s.l. Automatic Rain Gauges Bilchar, Bagrot Valley Burche, Bagrot Valley Records rainfall intensity and total rainfall amount during particular time interval. Mass Balance Measurements ON PASSU AND BALTORO GLACIERS Installation of Stakes for Mass Balance Study Stakes are inserted over different locations on glaciers to determine its spatial variations and melting process Glacier Survey and Monitoring-GPR Profiling Profile Map of the Glacier Cross-Sectional Profiles of Bindogol Glacier Bathymetric Mapping of Lake Lake at Hinarchi Glacier Lake at Gharko Glacier 24 Recent Glacier Dynamics It has been observed during visit in September 2014 that the lake at Gargo Glacier has been drained out gradually. THANKS 26 .
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