Perth and Peel Green Growth Plan for 3.5 Million

Government of Western Australia Department of the Premier and Cabinet

Perth and Peel Green Growth Plan for 3.5 million Strategic Assessment of the Perth and Peel Regions Draft EPBC Act Strategic Impact Assessment Report Part D: MNES Assessment$IBQUFS December 2015

Acknowledgements This document has been prepared by Eco Logical Australia Pty Ltd and © Government of Western Australia Open Lines Consulting. Department of the Premier and Cabinet Disclaimer Dumas House This document may only be used for the purpose for which it was 2 Havelock Street commissioned and in accordance with the contract between Eco Logical Australia Pty Ltd and the Department of the Premier and West Perth WA 6005 Cabinet. The scope of services was defined in consultation with the Department of the Premier and Cabinet, by time and budgetary Website: www.dpc.wa.gov.au/greengrowthplan constraints imposed by the client, and the availability of reports Email: [email protected] and other data on the subject area. Changes to available information, legislation and schedules are made on an ongoing Tel: 08 6552 5151 basis and readers should obtain up to date information. Fax: 08 6552 5001

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Strategic As sessment for the Perth and Peel Regions

Contents

List of Figures...... ii

List of Tables ...... iii

18 Threatened ecological communities ...... 18-1 18.1 Summary ...... 18-1 18.2 Introduction ...... 18-3 18.3 Conservation outcome ...... 18-3 18.4 Baseline mapping for threatened ecological communities ...... 18-4 18.5 Impact assessment approach for threatened ecological communities ...... 18-4

18.6 Aquatic Root Mat Community in Caves of the Swan Coastal Plain ...... 18-9 18.7 Assemblages of plants and invertebrate animals of tumulus (organic mound) springs of the Swan Coastal Plain ...... 18-16 18.8 Claypans of the Swan Coastal Plain ...... 18-26 18.9 Corymbia calophylla - Kingia australis woodlands on heavy soils of the Swan Coastal Plain ...... 18-46 18.10 Corymbia calophylla - Xanthorrhoea preissii woodlands and shrublands of the Swan Coastal Plain ...... 18-59 18.11 Sedgelands in Holocene dune swales of the southern Swan Coastal Plain ...... 18-71 18.12 Shrublands and Woodlands of the eastern Swan Coastal Plain ...... 18-90 18.13 Shrublands and Woodlands on Muchea Limestone of the Swan Coastal Plain ...... 18-98 18.14 Thrombolite (microbialite) Community of a Coastal Brackish Lake (Lake Clifton) ...... 18-107

18.15 Thrombolite (microbial) community of coastal freshwater lakes of the swan coastal plain (lake richmond) ...... 18-114

List of Figures

Figure 18-1: Relative levels of protection for Aquatic Root Mat Community occurrences (note, this is based on the number of occurrences, rather than area, as the total area of each occurrence is unknown) ...... 18-13 Figure 18-2: Known occurrenes of the Aquatic Root Mat Community within the Strategic Assessment Area ...... 18-15 Figure 18-3: Relative levels of protection for Tumulus (organic mound) Springs of the Swan Coastal Plain occurrences ...... 18-21 Figure 18-4: Known occurrences of Tumulus Springs of the Swan Coastal Plain within the Strategic Assessment Area ...... 18-24 Figure 18-5: Relative levels of protection for Claypans of the Swan Coastal Plain occurrences ...... 18-32 Figure 18-6: Known occurrences of Claypans of the Swan Coastal Plain within the Strategic Assessment Area ...... 18-44

ii Strategic As sessment for the Perth and Peel Regions

Figure 18-7: Relative levels of protection for Corymbia calophylla - Kingia australis woodlands occurrences ...... 18-51 Figure 18-8: Known occurrenes of Corymbia calophylla - Kingia australis woodlands within the Strategic Assessment Area ...... 18-57 Figure 18-9: Relative levels of protection for Corymbia calophylla - Xanthorrhoea preissii woodlands and shrublands occurrences ...... 18-64 Figure 18-10: Known occurrences of Corymbia calophylla - Xanthorrhoea preissii woodlands and shrublands within the Strategic Assessment Area...... 18-69 Figure 18-11: Relative levels of protection for Sedgelands in Holocene Dune Swales occurrences ...... 18-76 Figure 18-12: Known occurrences of Sedgelands in the Holocene Dune Swales within the Strategic Assessment Area ...... 18-89 Figure 18-13: Relative levels of protection for Shrublands and woodlands of the Eastern Side of the Swan Coastal Plain occurrences ...... 18-95 Figure 18-14: Known occurrenes of Shrublands and Woodlands of the Eastern Side of the Swan Coastal Plain within the Strategic Assessment Area ...... 18-97 Figure 18-15: Relative levels of protection for Shrublands and Woodlands on Muchea Limestone occurrences ...... 18-102 Figure 18-16: Known occurrenes of Shrublands and Woodlands on Muchea Limestone within the Strategic Assessment Area ...... 18-105 Figure 18-17: Relative levels of protection for Lake Clifton Thrombolite Community occurrences ...... 18-111 Figure 18-18: Known occurrences of Lake Clifton Thrombolite Community within the Strategic Assessment Area ...... 18-113 Figure 18-19: Relative levels of protection for Lake Richmond Thrombolite community occurrences ...... 18-117 Figure 18-20: Known occurrenes of Lake Richmond Thrombolite Community within the Strategic Assessment Area ...... 18-119

List of Tables

Table 18-1: Occurrences of threatened ecological communities in the Strategic Assessment Area ...... 18-1 Table 18-2: Category 1 and 2 threatened ecological communities ...... 18-3 Table 18-3: Levels of protection (or risk) applied to occurrences of threatened ecological communities ...... 18-6 Table 18-4: Over-arching commitments for MNES and the general benefit to threatened ecological communities ...... 18-7 Table 18-5: Occurrence details for Aquatic Root Mat Community ...... 18-14 Table 18-6: Occurrence details for Tumulus Springs of the Swan Coastal Plain ...... 18-22 Table 18-7: Occurrence details for Claypans of the Swan Coastal Plain ...... 18-33 Table 18-8: Occurrence details for Corymbia calophylla - Kingia australis woodlands...... 18-52 Table 18-9: Occurrence details for Corymbia calophylla - Xanthorrhoea preissii woodlands and shrublands ...... 18-65 Table 18-10: Occurrence details for Sedgelands in the Holocene Dune Swales ...... 18-77 Table 18-11: Occurrence details for Shrublands and Woodlands of the Eastern Side of the Swan Coastal Plain ...... 18-96 Table 18-12: Occurrence details for Shrublands and Woodlands on Muchea Limestone ...... 18-103

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Table 18-13: Occurrence details for Lake Clifton Thrombolite Community ...... 18-112 Table 18-14: Occurrence details for Lake Richmond Thrombolite Community ...... 18-118

Strategic Assessment for the Perth and Peel Regions

18 Threatened ecological communities

18.1 SUMMARY

Ten threatened ecological communities are assessed in this Chapter. All of these are strongly dependent on the Strategic Assessment Area (which contains at least half of their known extent) including four TECs whose known extent occurs entirely within the Strategic Assessment Area.

The conservation objectives for all the threatened ecological communities will be achieved through implementation of the Strategic Conservation Plan.

18.1.1 Occurrences

There are 281 known occurrences of the ten threatened ecological communities within the Strategic Assessment Area, of which 150 intersect with a proposed classes of action (see Table 18-1).

Table 18-1: Occurrences of threatened ecological communities in the Strategic Assessment Area

Location Number of occurrences

Entirely or mostly protected and managed within conservation 37 reserves

Intersecting with a class of action*: 150

 Urban or industrial 110

 Infrastructure 59

 BRM 0

 Rural residential 0

* Some occurrences intersect with multiple classes of action.

18.1.2 Potential impacts and conservation commitments

The Aquatic Root Mat Community of the Swan Coastal Plain, Thrombolite (microbialite) community of a coastal brackish lake (Lake Clifton), and Thrombolite (microbial) community of coastal freshwater lakes of the swan coastal plain (Lake Richmond) do not intersect with a proposed class of action. The other seven ecological communities intersect with a proposed class of action and have occurrences at risk from direct impacts.

All ten ecological communities are at risk of a range of indirect impacts including fragmentation, edge effects, and changes to ground and surface water hydrology. Indirect impacts will be managed through a range of specific and over-arching commitments set out in the Strategic Conservation Plan.

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Direct impacts have generally been avoided through conservation commitments to retain known occurrences that intersect with the urban and industrial classes of action. Where known occurrences intersect with the infrastructure class of action, conservation commitments have been made to minimise impacts through design and alignment of infrastructure projects as they are planned and constructed.

Conservation commitments have been proposed for all threatened ecological communities except the Lake Richmond Thrombolite community.

18.1.3 Outcomes

The impacts to threatened ecological communities from the proposed classes of action are limited. A number of specific and over-arching commitments will address direct and indirect impacts to the vast majority of occurrences.

Small losses are expected for both the Shrublands and woodlands of the eastern side of the Swan Coastal Plain and the Shrublands and woodlands on Muchea Limestone communities (caused by existing EPBC Act applications). Commitments for other occurrences of these threatened ecological communities will ensure ongoing protection.

Indirect impacts will be addressed through the ongoing implementation of environmental assessment and management measures, controls and standards.

The outcomes for all ten threatened ecological communities are considered to be acceptable within an EPBC Act context. The design of the classes of action and implementation of conservation commitments will mean that the:

 conservation objectives for each ecological community will be achieved; and

 outcomes are not inconsistent with any approved Recovery Plans or Threat Abatement Plans.

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18.2 INTRODUCTION

Ten category 1 and 2 threatened ecological communities (TEC) were identified in Chapter 12 for detailed impact assessment. See Table 18-2 for a list.

Table 18-2: Category 1 and 2 threatened ecological communities

TEC names

Aquatic Root Mat Community in Corymbia calophylla - Xanthorrhoea Shrublands and Woodlands on Caves of the Swan Coastal Plain preissii woodlands and shrublands Muchea Limestone of the Swan of the Swan Coastal Plain Coastal Plain

Assemblages of plants and Sedgelands in Holocene dune Thrombolite (microbial) community invertebrate animals of tumulus swales of the southern Swan of coastal freshwater lakes of the (organic mound) springs of the Coastal Plain Swan Coastal Plain (Lake Swan Coastal Plain Richmond)

Claypans of the Swan Coastal Plain Shrublands and Woodlands of the Thrombolite (microbialite) eastern Swan Coastal Plain Community of a Coastal Brackish Lake (Lake Clifton)

Corymbia calophylla - Kingia australis woodlands on heavy soils of the Swan Coastal Plain

This chapter provides:

 a summary of impacts, conservation commitments and outcomes for threatened ecological communities in the Strategic Assessment Area;

 the conservation outcomes for threatened ecological communities;

 an overview of the mapping for threatened ecological communities that was used in the impact assessment;

 an overview of the specific impact assessment approach for threatened ecological communities; and

 a detailed impact assessment for each threatened ecological community.

18.3 CONSERVATION OUTCOME

The conservation outcome for threatened species and ecological communities is:

“The viability and conservation status of listed threatened species and ecological communities in the Perth and Peel regions is maintained, and where possible improved, with measures and actions consistent with any approved Commonwealth recovery plans, threat abatement plans or conservation advice.”

This conservation outcome applies to threatened ecological communities and is included in the Strategic Conservation Plan. It is a key component to the protection of MNES and forms the highest level in the conservation outcomes framework (see Chapter 8).

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The conservation outcome is supported by detailed objectives and (where relevant) commitments for each of the ten threatened ecological communities.

18.4 BASELINE MAPPING FOR THREATENED ECOLOGICAL COMMUNITIES

The baseline mapping for threatened ecological communities shows all known occurrences across the Strategic Assessment Area. This data comes from the Threatened Ecological Community/Priority Ecological Community (TEC/PEC) database, which is a GIS shape file maintained by the Western Australian Department of Parks and Wildlife containing all records of TECs and PECs known to the Department.

These occurrences are derived from surveys carried out by Parks and Wildlife and other state agencies, as well as survey results provided to and verified by the Department from consultants and individuals.

Reference should also be made to the overall description of information for the assessment outlined in Chapter 7.

18.5 IMPACT ASSESSMENT APPROACH FOR THREATENED ECOLOGICAL COMMUNITIES

The overall approach to the impact assessment is provided in Part B of the report. In addition to this general approach, a tailored approach to the impact assessment for threatened ecological communities has been developed which includes a specific methodology to the:

 presentation of information; and

 analysis of direct and indirect impacts.

18.5.1 Presentation of information for each threatened ecological communities

The following information is provided for each threatened ecological community:

 TEC background – a summary of the background information for each threatened ecological community (detail provided in the profiles at Appendix C).

 TEC mapping – a summary of the approach used for the mapping (detail provided above in Section 18.4).

 Conservation objectives – identification and justification for the conservation objectives for each threatened ecological community.

 Status of the TEC without conservation commitments – description of each occurrence and its level of protection/risk in relation to potential direct impacts from the classes of action without any additional conservation commitments. Also, identification of key indirect impacts which may affect the threatened ecological community.

 Will conservation objectives be met without conservation commitments? – analysis of the likelihood that the conservation objectives will be met without additional conservation commitments within the Strategic Conservation Plan.

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 What conservation commitments are required to meet the conservation objectives? – (if required) definition of the conservation commitments that are necessary to meet the conservation objectives (includes avoidance, mitigation and offsets as appropriate).

 Outcomes for the TEC – this draws the analysis together and makes conclusions about the likely acceptability of the outcome for each threatened ecological community. Also includes:

o Those additional conservation measures that are likely to benefit the threatened ecological community but that sit outside the direct scope of the Strategic Conservation Plan.

o A conclusion about the consistency of the outcome for each threatened ecological community with relevant Commonwealth plans and advice (e.g. recovery plan).

 Occurrence diagram – an illustration of the outcomes for occurrences in relation to the levels of protection/risk (see Table 18-3 for explanation).

 Occurrence table – a detailed table providing information about each occurrence of a threatened ecological community.

 Mapping – map or maps of the distribution of each threatened ecological community within the strategic assessment area.

18.5.2 Analysis of direct and indirect impacts to threatened ecological communities

The overall approach to analysing impacts to MNES is presented in Chapter 9. At a more detailed level, direct and indirect impacts for threatened ecological communities were addressed as follows.

Direct impacts

Direct impacts were assessed based on an intersection of the mapping for threatened ecological communities with the footprints for each class of action (i.e. where partial or complete clearing of an occurrence may occur).

These intersects were supported by finer scale information about the comparative level of protection or development risk that an area is subject to based on aspects such as land ownership, purpose, zoning across the Strategic Assessment Area. These seven ‘levels of protection’ are outlined in Table 18-3. They include:

 Levels 1-4 which broadly represent land that is sympathetic to conservation. The areas are not proposed for intensive development and are expected to provide for some level of environmental outcomes. However, it is noted that only Level 1 is considered truly ‘protected’ and Levels 2-4 are subject to varying levels of risk over time.

 Level 5 represents land outside the class of action footprints.

 Levels 6 and 7 represent land that occurs within the classes of action footprints and is likely to be subject to impacts (unless conservation commitments are applied to protect areas).

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Table 18-3: Levels of protection (or risk) applied to occurrences of threatened ecological communities

Level of Description protection

Level 1: Protected areas equivalent to IUCN I-IV or within land managed by Parks and Wildlife. These areas are retained and managed for conservation. They have the highest level of security and are considered protected for the purpose of this assessment.

Level 2: Bush Forever or Crown reserve with conservation listed in its purpose. These areas are intended for protection. Where they are reserved and managed for conservation they are considered to provide good long term outcomes. A proportion of these sites have the intent for protection but not yet the reservation or management status.

Level 3: Reserved in a region scheme for ‘Parks and Recreation’ or ‘Regional Open Space’. These areas are set aside at the Region Scheme level for conservation and/or recreation and are broadly sympathetic to the retention of vegetation.

Level 4: Land potentially sympathetic to conservation within a Local Structure Plan and may be zoned Public Open space, Conservation, State Forest or Recreation/Conservation in Local Planning Schemes. Also includes Crown reserves with recreation listed in its purpose. Similar to level 3, these areas are set aside at the local planning level for conservation and/or recreation and are broadly sympathetic to the retention of vegetation.

Level 5: Land which falls outside of a class of action footprint and outside of levels 1 – 4. These areas represent the remaining land within the Strategic Assessment Area. Predominately comprised of rural zoned land it is broadly expected that some level of decline in vegetation will occur over time, but also that large portions will remain.

Level 6: State owned land within a class of action footprint. These are areas of State owned land that occur within a class of action footprint. These areas are likely to be developed.

Level 7: All other land within a class of action footprint. These are areas of privately owned land that occur within a class of action footprint. These areas are likely to be developed.

Indirect impacts

There are also a range of indirect impacts that have the potential to apply to threatened ecological communities across the strategic assessment area due to the classes of action. As outlined in Chapter 9, these include:

 Direct destruction: Typically occurs as a result of trampling.

 Spread of disease: Relates to the increased risk of disease.

 Spread of weeds: Development and subsequent fragmentation of habitat areas can introduce new pathways for weed transportation.

 Increased risk of fire: Fire and altered fire regimes are a potential consequence of development in the Perth Peel region.

 Disturbance: Relates to a range of impacts caused by human activity near sensitive threatened ecological communities.

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 Alterations to surface water: Alterations to surface water can affect surface water quality and hydrology which can impact a range of threatened ecological communities.

 Alterations to groundwater: Alterations to groundwater can affect groundwater quality, including salinity and contamination, and hydrology, including recharge and groundwater levels. Alterations to groundwater can affect a range of groundwater sensitive threatened ecological communities.

 Impacts to air quality: Potential impacts to air quality include increased dust and particulate pollution, contaminants from vehicle activity, and contamination from industrial activity.

Given the scale of the assessment, it has generally been assumed that potential indirect impacts need to be addressed for all key occurrences to ensure long-term viability. This is reflected in three ways:

 Threatened ecological communities that are particularly at threat from potential hydrological changes are identified. The ongoing processes of State planning, assessments and approvals will need to address these issues as development proceeds.

 Ongoing management of existing and future conservation reserves in the strategic assessment area needs to address edge effects to protect occurrences that are present.

 Conservation commitments for occurrences require ongoing management to address potential edge effects.

Based on this over-arching approach across the Strategic Assessment Area, potential indirect impacts are addressed at a high level in the assessments of each threatened ecological community. However, key areas of concern in relation to indirect impacts are identified for relevant threatened ecological communities.

18.5.3 Over-arching conservation commitments

Action Plan F of the Strategic Conservation Plan contains a set of over-arching conservation commitments that provide a range of benefits across the Strategic Assessment Area. These commitments will also provide ongoing benefits (in varying ways) to the 10 threatened ecological communities discussed in this Chapter (see Table 18-4).

Table 18-4: Over-arching commitments for MNES and the general benefit to threatened ecological communities

Over-arching conservation commitments for MNES General benefit to TECs

1. For urban, industrial and rural residential development, undertake and Commitment will lead to further implement statutory planning to achieve the specific commitments for avoidance of impacts within the MNES and State factors. As described in Action Plan A and B this will: urban, industrial and rural  have due regard for the planning undertaken during preparation of the residential classes of action. Strategic Conservation Plan for urban and industrial expansion sites These areas support and new rural residential zones; occurrences of TECs.  consider additional opportunities for retention of native vegetation, fauna habitat and wetlands; and  be informed by previous EPA advice and Ministerial Statement conditions, or in the absence of this, detailed investigations, within existing zoned urban and industrial areas.

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Over-arching conservation commitments for MNES General benefit to TECs

2. Ensure direct and indirect impacts to Conservation Category Wetland Commitment will ensure (CCWs) are avoided (including through the application of appropriate protection of habitat for wetland buffers) within urban, industrial, and rural residential areas. dependant TECs across the Strategic Assessment Area.

3. Implement the infrastructure impact assessment process (which includes Commitment will ensure new planning, avoidance, mitigation, and offsets) to achieve the outcomes and infrastructure considers potential objectives for MNES and State factors (see Action Plan C). impacts to TECs.

4. Avoid impacts to Basic Raw Material areas defined as Exclusion Zones Commitment will ensure BRM through implementing master planning (see Action Plan D). exclusion zones are avoided. These areas support occurrences of TECs.

5. Implement the conservation program detailed in Action Plan H. This Commitment will provide includes: substantial additions to the  incorporation of 170,000 ha of sites into the conservation reserve conservation reserve system system; and provide for ongoing management of these sites.  continued implementation of the Bush Forever Program; These areas support  implementation of an ongoing offsets program to address residual occurrences of TECs. impacts to MNES and State factors;  improving the management and protection of significant environmental values which have already been identified for retention;  establishment of the Peel Regional Park; and  protect selected Peel Regionally Significant Natural Areas for conservation.

6. Implement environmental assessment and management measures, controls Commitment ensures that and standards for all development to reduce direct and indirect impacts. potential indirect impacts to flora This will include, but is not limited to, controls on vegetation clearing, water species are considered in quality and use, stormwater, dust, noise, emissions, public access. This ongoing environmental process will involve: assessment processes.  ensuring controls / conditions placed on existing approvals continue to be implemented; and  ensuring that new proposals that are approved incorporate at a minimum the existing standard and expectations for control / mitigation / management of direct and indirect impacts.

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18.6 AQUATIC ROOT MAT COMMUNITY IN CAVES OF THE SWAN COASTAL PLAIN

TEC BACKGROUND

COMMONWEALTH Listed as Endangered. STATUS

WESTERN Ranked as Critically Endangered under the name ‘Aquatic Root Mat Community Number 1 of AUSTRALIAN Caves of the Swan Coastal Plain’ and Community Identifier ‘CAVES SCP01’ in the listing of STATUS Threatened Ecological Communities endorsed by the Western Australian Minister for

Environment. This ranking is based on Western Australian criteria.

PROFILE The following points provide key information about the ecology and distribution of Aquatic Root SUMMARY Mat Community of the Swan Coastal Plain (herein Aquatic Root Mat Community):  The Aquatic Root Mat Community in south-western Western Australia comprises some of the richest known cave communities, comprising a complete food web of rootlets, microflora and invertebrate assemblages.  A total of seven caves in the Yanchep area are known to contain streams or pools fed by groundwater from the Gnangara Mound and contain root mats from Tuart trees (Eucalyptus gomphocephala). The exact extent of the TEC within the karst system is unknown.  The known occurrences of this ecological community are only those caves it is possible for people to access from the surface. It is possible that other occurrences of the TEC may occur within caves in the nearby karst system that are not accessible.  The Aquatic Root Mat Community occurs entirely within the Strategic Assessment Area (in the northern portion) and all occurrences are considered important as it is listed as Endangered.  Six of these caves occur within Yanchep National Park across a range of about 3 km, and within a radius of approximately 1 km. The seventh cave occurs just outside the Yanchep National Park boundary on freehold land in Carabooda, and is the most southern occurrence approximately 1 km south-east of the Yanchep caves.  The Aquatic Root Mat Community is very susceptible to indirect impacts arising from offsite impacts, such as on groundwater quality and quantity (including flows), and the tuart trees that provide the root mat substrate for the community.  The Commonwealth has endorsed an Interim Recovery Plan (English et. al. 2000). The objective of the Interim Recovery Plan is to maintain or improve the overall condition of the Aquatic Root Mat Communities, and reduce the level of threat with the aim of reclassifying them from Critically Endangered to Endangered or Vulnerable.  There are no relevant Threat Abatement Plans for this TEC.  There is no Commonwealth Conservation Advice for this TEC See Appendix C for further information.

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TEC MAPPING

APPROACH TO Mapping for the Aquatic Root Mat Community was undertaken across its range. This MAPPING mapping identifies known occurrences that meet the definition of the community. The general approach to TEC mapping is provided in Section 18.4

MAPS See Figure 18-2 for a map of known occurrences within the Strategic Assessment Area.

CONSERVATION OBJECTIVES

CONSERVATION The conservation objectives for Aquatic Root Mat Community are to: OBJECTIVES  Maintain the long-term viability of the ecological community within the Strategic Assessment Area through continued protection and management within the Yanchep National Park and maintenance of groundwater levels.  Manage offsite threats to the ecological community within the Strategic Assessment Area.

JUSTIFICATION The conservation objectives for the Aquatic Root Mat Community have been developed recognising the following key attributes:  The entire community occurs within the Strategic Assessment Area.  Six of the seven known occurrences are protected and managed within Yanchep National Park. These areas are buffered by large tracts of vegetation associated with the park. The remaining occurrence occurs on private land outside of the class of actions.  The catchment for the groundwater that maintains the ecological community includes areas external to the National Park and so management of offsite threats is critical to the ongoing viability of the ecological community.

STATUS OF THE TEC WITHOUT CONSERVATION COMMITMENTS

OCCURRENCES IN Six of the seven occurrences of the Aquatic Root Mat Community are located within Yanchep AREAS National Park (Level 1). SYMPATHETIC TO Management of the community is included as part of the management actions in the Parks CONSERVATION and Reserves of Yanchep and Neerabup (Management Plan 76, 2012) and these actions are (LEVELS 1-4) linked to the Interim Recovery Plan. See Table 18-5 below for details about each occurrence and Figure 18-1 for an overview of the relative levels of protection.

OTHER There are no occurrences of the Aquatic Root Mat that intersect with the classes of action. OCCURRENCES However, the entrance of the cave containing occurrence 1921 is within 100 m of a proposed INTERSECTING ‘Red Road’ alignment and it is possible that the cave system extends under this alignment. WITH A CLASS OF The Carabooda industrial investigation area is also in close vicinity to this occurrence. ACTION (LEVELS 6 & 7)

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REMAINING As outlined above, occurrence (1921) is located just outside the Yanchep National Park OCCURRENCES boundary on freehold land (rural zoning) in Carabooda. WITHIN THE The area surrounding this occurrence is fully vegetated, but is in close proximity to the STRATEGIC infrastructure and industrial classes of action footprint. ASSESSMENT AREA See Table 18-5 below for details about the occurrence and Figure 18-1 for an overview of (LEVEL 5) the relative levels of protection.

INDIRECT IMPACTS Indirect impacts may affect the Aquatic Root Mat where new development occurs or where existing development intensifies adjacent to or near the community. Aquatic Root Mat populations may be susceptible to the following indirect impacts (English et. al. 2000):  hydrological changes;  destruction of food source (the roots); and  invasion by exotic species. Indirect impacts to water quality have the greatest potential to occur in areas of urban and industrial development. Of most concern is the development of the proposed Carabooda Industrial area and construction of a ‘Red Road’ adjacent to occurrence 1921. Changes in groundwater quality through an increase in nutrients (horticulture) and pollution (industrial and commercial) are also of concern. The Aquatic Root Mat requires permanent streams and pools within the caves to remain viable, and indirect impacts related to activities associated with adjacent land uses, including nearby pine plantations, groundwater abstraction, changes to surface hydrology and reduced rainfall may affect the viability of the community. Other indirect impacts may affect the TEC through the destruction of food sources which can occur from frequent fires, pathogens and vandalism as well as the effect of introduced fauna such as Yabbies (Cherax destructor) which can compete with the fauna community and alter the habitat. Some of these potential indirect impacts may be reduced as six of the seven occurrences of the Aquatic Root Mat Community are within Yanchep National Park and managed by the Parks and Wildlife. A number of policies, plans and guidance are already in place to facilitate the management of the Park and protect the TEC from threats. Ongoing management of these indirect impacts will be an important aspect of maintaining the long term viability of the Aquatic Root Mat Community within the Strategic Assessment Area

WILL THE CONSERVATION OBJECTIVES BE MET WITHOUT CONSERVATION COMMITMENTS?

NEED FOR Specific conservation commitments for the Aquatic Root Mat Community are considered CONSERVATION necessary to meet the conservation objectives. While the majority of the TEC is protected COMMITMENTS within Yanchep National Park, occurrence 1921 is at particular risk of indirect impacts from proposed infrastructure and industrial development. It should be noted that there are a range of relevant over-arching commitments in Action Plan F that have the potential to provide benefits to the community. These commitments provide conservation benefits across various parts of the Strategic Assessment Area. Specifically, the benefits for Aquatic Root Mat Community are:  The implementation of the infrastructure impact assessment process will consider indirect impacts to proposed development to occurrence 1921.

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 The implementation of statutory planning for industrial expansion will consider indirect impacts of proposed development to occurrence 1921. Whilst relevant over-arching commitments may benefit the community, more specific commitments are considered appropriate.

WHAT CONSERVATION COMMITMENTS ARE REQUIRED TO MEET THE CONSERVATION OBJECTIVES?

CONSERVATION In addition to the relevant over-arching commitments, the following specific commitments are COMMITMENTS provided for the Aquatic Root Mat Community: 1. Prior to region scheme rezoning, to address potential impacts to caves and wetlands (including Loch McNess) in and adjacent to the Yanchep National Park and occurrence 1921 of the Aquatic Root Mat Community in Caves of the Swan Coastal Plain TEC, a hydrogeological assessment of the Carabooda industrial investigation area will be required to determine: o the potential pathways of groundwater flow from this area to occurrence 1921 and other cave, karst and wetland features o the risk of detrimental changes in cave water levels arising from development of this area o the risk of cave water contamination at occurrence 1921 and other cave, karst and wetland features arising from various possible industrial uses in this area If the assessment identifies a moderate or higher risk of detrimental changes in groundwater flow to or contamination of water in caves or wetlands arising from industrial uses in the Carabooda industrial investigation area, mitigation measures will be implemented to reduce this risk, which may include: o application of appropriate setback of industrial activities o restrictions on types of industrial activities o incorporation of drainage and water quality management controls, including engineering / interception measures. 2. Minimise impacts to occurrences 1921 where it may be impacted by infrastructure.

OUTCOMES FOR THE TEC

KEY POINTS The assessment has identified the following key points relevant to the outcome for the Aquatic Root Mat Community:  There will be no direct impacts to the community as a result of the proposed classes of action.  The majority of the community (six of seven occurrences) occurs within Yanchep National Park. Only one occurrence (1921) is located outside the Park on private (rural) land, which is currently fully vegetated.  The conservation commitments will ensure that any adjacent development is carefully planned and carried out with requirements that prevent any off-site or indirect impacts on the community.  The outcome for the community is considered to be acceptable and one that meets the conservation objectives.

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ADDITIONAL In addition to the conservation commitments, there are a set of additional conservation CONSERVATION measures that will benefit the community. These measures are provided for context and sit MEASURES outside the direct scope of the Strategic Conservation Plan. They include ongoing implementation of actions to benefit the community. For example, implementation of recovery conservation actions and general management of threats and pressures across the landscape.

CONSISTENCY WITH The conservation outcomes and objectives for Aquatic Root Mat Communities are not COMMONWEALTH inconsistent with the Commonwealth Recovery Plan (English et. al. 2000). PLANS

Aquatic Root Mat Community

5 Level Level ofprotection 6

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% % area in each category

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Table 18-5: Occurrence details for Aquatic Root Mat Community

Occurrence Notable features Total area of occurrence (ha)+ Intersects with a class of action Current level of protection*

187 Entirely within Yanchep National Park N/A N/A 1

188 Entirely within Yanchep National Park N/A N/A 1

189 Entirely within Yanchep National Park N/A N/A 1

190 Entirely within Yanchep National Park N/A N/A 1

191 Entirely within Yanchep National Park N/A N/A 1

192 Entirely within Yanchep National Park N/A N/A 1

1921 Entirely within rural land N/A N/A 5

+ Each occurrence and the “habitat” that supports them are an extensive system of caves and other voids within the larger karst area. The total areal extent of each occurrence is unknown. * Levels of protection: 1 = IUCN I-IV or DPaW Managed Lands. 2 = Bush Forever or Conservation Reserves. 3 = Region scheme sites that are Parks and Recreation or Regional Open Space. 4 = Land sympathetic to conservation within a Local Structure Plan. 5 = Land outside a class of action and outside Categories 1-4. 6 = State owned land within a class of action. 7 = Other land within a class of action.

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Figure 18-2: Known occurrences of the Aquatic Root Mat Community within the Strategic Assessment Area

Yanchep !H

0 4 8 Legend Kilometres Datum/Projection: Strategic Assessment GDA 1994 MGA Zone 50 Area Data Source: DPaW Occurrence Prepared by: SM Date: 18/11/2015 ± Strategic Assessment for the Perth and Peel Regions

18.7 ASSEMBLAGES OF PLANTS AND INVERTEBRATE ANIMALS OF TUMULUS (ORGANIC MOUND) SPRINGS OF THE SWAN COASTAL PLAIN

TEC BACKGROUND

COMMONWEALTH Listed as Endangered. STATUS

WESTERN Declared as Critically Endangered under the name ‘Communities of Tumulus Springs (Organic AUSTRALIAN Mound Springs, Swan Coastal Plain)’ and Community Identifier ‘Mound Springs SCP’ in the STATUS listing of Threatened Ecological Communities endorsed by the Western Australian Minister for

Environment. This ranking is based on Western Australian criteria.

PROFILE The following points provide key information about the ecology and distribution of Assemblages SUMMARY of plants and invertebrate animals of Tumulus (organic mound) springs of the Swan Coastal Plain (herein Tumulus Springs of the Swan Coastal Plain):  The habitat of the Tumulus Springs of the Swan Coastal Plain is characterised by continuous discharge of groundwater in raised areas of peat which provide a stable, permanently moist series of microhabitats for flora and invertebrate fauna.  There are eight known occurrences of this ecological community, covering approximately 21 ha. The occurrences extend approximately 75 km from Muchea to Oldbury.  A total of six of the eight occurrences of the TEC are located within the Strategic Assessment Area covering an area of approximately 19.5 ha, extending from Bullsbrook in the north to Oldbury in the south.  All occurrences are important as the ecological community is listed as Endangered.  The Commonwealth has approved an Interim Recovery Plan for the ecological community (CALM 2006). The objective of the Interim Recovery Plan is to maintain or improve the overall condition of the tumulus springs and the associated fauna and plant community in the known locations and reduce the level of threat, with the aim of reclassifying the community from Critically Endangered to Endangered.  There are two relevant Threat Abatement Plans for this ecological community: o The Threat Abatement Plan for disease in natural ecosystems caused by Phytophthora cinnamomi (DoE 2014). o The Threat Abatement Plan for competition and land degradation by rabbits (DEWHA 2008a).  There is no Commonwealth Conservation Advice for this ecological community. See Appendix C for further information.

TEC MAPPING

APPROACH TO Mapping for Tumulus Springs of the Swan Coastal Plain was undertaken across its range. This MAPPING mapping identifies known occurrences that meet the definition of the community. The general approach to TEC mapping is provided in Section 18.4.

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Strategic Assessment for the Perth and Peel Regions

MAPS See Figure 18-4 for a map of known occurrences within the northern part of the Strategic Assessment Area. See Figure 18-4 for a map of known occurrences within the southern part of the Strategic Assessment Area.

CONSERVATION OBJECTIVES

CONSERVATION The conservation objectives for Tumulus Springs of the Swan Coastal Plain are to: OBJECTIVES  Maintain the long-term viability and groundwater levels of the ecological community within the Strategic Assessment Area.  Increase the extent of the ecological community within secure conservation tenure within the Strategic Assessment Area.  Manage offsite threats to the ecological community within the Strategic Assessment Area.

JUSTIFICATION The conservation objectives for the Tumulus Springs of the Swan Coastal Plain have been developed recognising the following key attributes:  Six of the eight occurrences of the community are located within the Strategic Assessment Area, representing 90% of the total extent of the community.  Four of these six occurrences (29, 31, 1900, 2556) largely occur within areas that are sympathetic to conservation.  The groundwater quality and quantity is susceptible to indirect impacts resulting from offsite development and associated activities.

STATUS OF THE TEC WITHOUT SCP CONSERVATION COMMITMENTS

OCCURRENCES IN Four of the six occurrences of Tumulus Springs of the Swan Coastal Plain within the Strategic AREAS Assessment Area occur largely within areas that are sympathetic to conservation. This SYMPATHETIC TO includes occurrences 29, 31, 1900 and 2556. CONSERVATION  Occurrence 29 occurs within Bush Forever Area 22 (Level 2) and covers an area of (LEVELS 1-4) approximately 3.6 ha. This area, and the surrounding lands are within a Conservation Category Wetland (Becher Point Wetlands).  Occurrence 31 lies within the Neaves Road Nature Reserve (Level 1) and Bush Forever Area 97 (Level 2) which is zoned parks and recreation. This occurrence covers an area of approximately 6 ha. A portion of occurrence 31 intersects with the infrastructure class of action where an existing road reserve runs through the centre of the Neaves Road Nature Reserve (Level 6, 0.16 ha). Part of this occurrence also occurs within a Conservation Category Wetland (Becher Point Wetlands).  Occurrence 1900 occurs entirely within Bush Forever Area 97 (Level 2) and is within a Conservation Category Wetland (Becher Point Wetlands).  Occurrence 2556 is mostly located within Bush Forever Area 97 (Level 2). A small area of these springs is located on unsecure rural lands (Level 5, 0.4 ha), directly adjacent to the Bush Forever site. This occurrence is the largest in the Strategic Assessment Area covering approximately 7.3 ha.

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Strategic Assessment for the Perth and Peel Regions

See Table 18-6 below for details about each occurrence and Figure 18-3 for an overview of the relative levels of protection.

OTHER Two occurrences of the Tumulus Springs of the Swan Coastal Plain are intersected by the OCCURRENCES proposed classes of action. In addition to occurrence 31 (discussed above), a portion of INTERSECTING occurrence 3620 is intersected by the infrastructure class of action as part of an existing WITH A CLASS OF railway corridor (Level 6, 0.16 ha). The remainder of this occurrence occurs in a Level 5 area ACTION on rural lands. (LEVELS 6 & 7) See Table 18-6 below for details about each occurrence and Figure 18-3 for an overview of the relative levels of protection.

REMAINING Three occurrences occur within Level 5 areas, or on unsecure tenure, including occurrences OCCURRENCES 2512, 2556 and 3620. WITHIN THE Occurrences 2556 and 3620 are discussed above. Occurrence 2512 occurs entirely within STRATEGIC rural lands and covers approximately 0.8 ha in area. These springs occur more than 100 m ASSESSMENT from the proposed class of action footprints and are also within a Conservation Category AREA (LEVEL 5) Wetland (Becher Point Wetlands). See Table 18-6 below for details about each occurrence and Figure 18-3 for an overview of the relative levels of protection.

INDIRECT Indirect impacts may affect the Tumulus Springs of the Swan Coastal Plain where new IMPACTS development occurs or where existing development intensifies adjacent to or near the community. Occurrences of Tumulus Springs of the Swan Coastal Plain within the Strategic Assessment Area are potentially susceptible to the following indirect impacts (CALM 2006):  hydrological changes;  increased weed invasion and altered fire regimes; and  grazing and destruction of habitat by stock and introduced species. The Tumulus Springs of the Swan Coastal Plain rely upon the continuous discharge of groundwater to support the permanently moist areas of microhabitats for flora and invertebrate fauna associated with the community. Development in areas adjacent to the community has the potential to indirectly impact on the quality and flow of groundwater to these communities through increased runoff, increased groundwater abstraction or decreases in water quality. Such impacts may reduce the extent of the community, or cause substantial reduction to the quality or integrity of the community. Such impacts may also cause substantial changes to the species composition of the microhabitats that occur. Development in areas adjacent to the community also has the potential to increase weeds and change the frequency of fire. Destruction of habitat by introduced species also has the potential to occur. Such impacts also have the potential to adversely affect habitat critical to the survival of the community. Management of these indirect impacts will be an important aspect of maintaining the long term viability of the Tumulus Springs of the Swan Coastal Plain within the Strategic Assessment Area.

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WILL THE CONSERVATION OBJECTIVES BE MET WITHOUT CONSERVATION COMMITMENTS?

NEED FOR The conservation objectives for the Tumulus Springs of the Swan Coastal Plain Community will CONSERVATION not be met without further conservation commitments being incorporated into the Strategic COMMITMENTS Conservation Plan. This is based on:  The proposed infrastructure class of action has the potential to result in direct impacts to portions of two occurrences of the community. This includes occurrences 31 and 3620.  The classes of action occur in close proximity to occurrences 29, 31, 2556 and 3620. Management of indirect impacts resulting from development activities within these adjacent areas is critical to the ongoing viability of the ecological community. It should be noted that the over-arching conservation commitments in Action Plan F will provide substantial benefits to the community. These are discussed below along with specific commitments for the Tumulus Springs of the Swan Coastal Plain.

WHAT CONSERVATION COMMITMENTS ARE REQUIRED TO MEET THE CONSERVATION OBJECTIVES?

RELEVANT OVER- The relevant over-arching commitments in Action Plan F will provide for: ARCHING  the continued implementation of the Bush Forever Program which will protect areas of CONSERVATION the TEC currently in Bush Forever sites; COMMITMENTS  avoidance of direct and indirect impacts to areas of the TEC within Conservation Category Wetlands from urban, industrial and rural residential development;  minimisation of impacts resulting from infrastructure development through the implementation of the infrastructure impact assessment process (in Action Plan C); and  consideration of additional opportunities for retention of native vegetation, fauna habitat and wetlands.

SPECIFIC In addition to the relevant over-arching commitments, the following specific commitments are CONSERVATION provided for the Tumulus Springs of the Swan Coastal Plain: COMMITMENTS 1. Protect and manage for conservation occurrence 31 where is occurs in a Bush Forever site 97. 2. Minimise impacts to the following occurrences where they may be impacted by the infrastructure class of action: 31; 3620.

OUTCOMES FOR THE TEC

KEY POINTS The assessment has identified the following key points relevant to the outcome for Tumulus Springs of the Swan Coastal Plain:  Portions of two of the six occurrences of the community within the Strategic Assessment Area intersect with the proposed infrastructure class of action (occurrences 31 and 3620).  Direct impacts to these portions (0.32 ha combined area) will be minimised through the implementation of the conservation commitments. Impacts will be further managed through the associated infrastructure implementation framework (Action Plan C).  Two occurrences, 3620 and 2512 occur within Level 5 areas. Occurrence 2512 is located within Becher Point Wetlands and will be protected by the over-arching commitments to

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Strategic Assessment for the Perth and Peel Regions

avoid direct and indirect impacts to Conservation Category Wetlands. A portion of occurrence 3620 will remain in unsecure tenure (0.58 ha).  The remaining occurrences will remain within areas sympathetic to conservation (Levels 1-4, occurrences 29, 31, 1900 and 2556). These areas of the community will be further protected through the over-arching conservation commitments to retain Bush Forever sites and avoidance of direct and indirect impacts to areas within Conservation Category Wetlands. The outcome for the community is considered to be acceptable, and one that meets the conservation objectives through:  maintaining the long term viability of the community within the Strategic Assessment Area through avoidance and management of direct and indirect impacts to the 18.9 ha (97%) of the community within the Strategic Assessment Area.  improving the security of tenure for 14 ha (71%) of the TEC through the continued implementation of the Bush Forever Program;  avoidance of direct and indirect impacts of 8.7 ha (44%) within Conservation Category Wetlands; and  minimisation of infrastructure impacts through the implementation of Action Plan C.

ADDITIONAL In addition to the conservation commitments, there are a set of additional conservation CONSERVATION measures that will benefit the community. These measures are provided for context and sit MEASURES outside the direct scope of the Strategic Conservation Plan. They include:  Ongoing protection of occurrences that sit outside the class of action footprints and protected areas through the application of existing planning and approval processes (Occurrence 3620).  Ongoing implementation of actions to benefit the TEC. For example, implementation of recovery conservation actions and general management of threats and pressures across the landscape.

CONSISTENCY The conservation outcomes and objectives for Tumulus Springs of the Swan Coastal Plain are WITH not inconsistent with the Commonwealth Recovery Plan (CALM 2006) or relevant Threat COMMONWEALTH Abatement Plans. PLANS

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Strategic Assessment for the Perth and Peel Regions

Tumulus (Organic Mound) Springs of the Swan Coastal Plain

Level Level ofprotection 6 7

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

% area in each category

Figure 18-3: Relative levels of protection for Tumulus (organic mound) Springs of the Swan Coastal Plain occurrences

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Strategic Assessment for the Perth and Peel Regions

Table 18-6: Occurrence details for Tumulus Springs of the Swan Coastal Plain

Occurrence Notable features Total area of Intersects with a Current level of occurrence (ha) class of action protection*

 Makes up 18% of the total extent of the TEC in the Strategic Assessment Area.  Within Bush Forever Area 22 which is zoned urban. 29 3.6 ha 2  Surrounding vegetation buffer is intersected with urban class of action footprint.  Within Conservation Category Wetlands (Becher Point Wetlands).

 Makes up 30% of the total extent of the TEC in the Strategic Assessment Area.  Intersects with infrastructure class of action (Road, 2.6%).  61% is within Neaves Road Nature Reserve (Level 1), the remaining 39% is Infrastructure 31 6.3 ha 1, 2 and 7 within Bush Forever site 97 (Level 2) which is zoned Parks and Recreation. (Road)  Portion of this occurrence is within a Conservation Category Wetland (Becher Point Wetlands).

 Within Bush Forever site 97 which is zoned parks and recreation. 1900 1 ha 2  Within Conservation Category Wetlands (Becher Point Wetlands)

 Entirely on rural land 2512 0.80 ha 5  Within Conservation Category Wetlands (Becher Point Wetlands)

 Largest occurrence, making up 37% of the TEC in the Strategic Assessment Area.  The majority of the TEC (94%) is within Bush Forever site 97 which is zoned rural.  A small patch of the TEC (6%) located outside this Bush Forever site on rural 2556 7.33 ha 2 and 5 land.  Adjacent buffering vegetation to the west is intersected by a proposed freeway.

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Strategic Assessment for the Perth and Peel Regions

Occurrence Notable features Total area of Intersects with a Current level of occurrence (ha) class of action protection*

 Entire area is zoned rural (Level 5) with 22% of its area intersecting with Infrastructure 3620 0.74 ha 5 and 6 infrastructure class of action (existing railway, Level 6). (existing railway)

* Levels of protection: 1 = IUCN I-IV or DPaW Managed Lands. 2 = Bush Forever or Conservation Reserves. 3 = Region scheme sites that are Parks and Recreation or Regional Open Space. 4 = Land sympathetic to conservation within a Local Structure Plan. 5 = Land outside a class of action and outside Categories 1-4. 6 = State owned land within a class of action. 7 = Other land within a class of action.

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Figure 18-4a (Northern): Known occurrences of Tumulus Springs of the Swan Coastal Plain within the Strategic Assessment Area

Yanchep !H

North-west

Bullsbrook !H

Ellenbrook!H

North-east Chidlow !H

Mundaring !H Central

Perth !H

South Metro Peel

0 10 20

Kilometres Legend Kwinana !H Datum/Projection: Strategic Assessment GDA 1994 MGA Zone 50 Data Source: DPaW Area Rockingham !H Occurrence Prepared by: SM Date: 18/11/2015 ± !H !H Figure 18-4b (Southern): Known occurrences of Tumulus Springs of the Swan Coastal Plain within the Strategic Assessment Area

Central North-east

Kwinana !H

Rockingham !H

Jarrahdale !H

Serpentine !H

South Metro Peel Mandurah !H

Pinjarra!H

Dwellingup !H

Waroona !H

0 10 20 Legend Kilometres Datum/Projection: Strategic Assessment GDA 1994 MGA Zone 50 Area Data Source: DPaW Occurrence Prepared by: SM Date: 18/11/2015 ± Strategic Assessment for the Perth and Peel Regions

18.8 CLAYPANS OF THE SWAN COASTAL PLAIN

TEC BACKGROUND

COMMONWEALTH Listed as critically endangered. STATUS

WESTERN Ranked as Vulnerable/Endangered in the listing of Threatened Ecological Communities AUSTRALIAN endorsed by the Western Australian Minister for Environment. This ranking is based on IUCN STATUS criteria.

PROFILE Key information about the ecology and distribution of the Claypans of the Swan Coastal Plain SUMMARY includes:  Five separate ecological community types represent this ecological community: o Claypans with mid dense shrublands of Melaleuca lateritia over herbs (Community 117) – Priority 1; o Dense shrublands on clay flats (SCP09) – Vulnerable; o Herb rich saline shrublands in claypans (SCP07) – Vulnerable; o Herb rich shrublands in claypans (SCP08) – Vulnerable; and o Shrublands on dry clay flats (SCP10a) – Endangered.  The Claypans of the Swan Coastal Plain occurs in Western Australia where clay soils form an impermeable layer close to the land surface, forming wetlands that rely solely on rainfall and generally occur as a shrubland with similar landform and vegetation structural features shown across its range (TSSC 2012a).  There are 123 individual occurrences of the Claypans of the Swan Coastal Plain, occupying approximately 768 ha. The occurrences extend from Mindarra and Moore River Nature Reserve in the north, to Dunsborough and Kaloorup in the south-west, across an approximate extent of 300 km. The distribution of the ecological community is highly fragmented with most remnants being under 10 ha in size (TSSC 2012a). Often several occurrences will be located within the same bushland remnant and are therefore managed as one unit.  The Conservation Advice (TSSC 2012a) for this ecological community identifies research priorities and regional and local priority actions. There is no Recovery Plan (Commonwealth or State), although one is deemed to be required.  A total of 81 of the 123 occurrences of Claypans of the Swan Coastal Plain are located within the Strategic Assessment Area, covering approximately 408 ha, and approximately half of these are located entirely within protected areas or Bush Forever Areas.  There are three relevant Threat Abatement Plans for this ecological community: o The Threat Abatement Plan for disease in natural ecosystems caused by Phytophthora cinnamomi (DoE 2014). o The Threat Abatement Plan for competition and land degradation by rabbits (DEWHA 2008a). o The Threat Abatement Plan for predation, habitat degradation, competition and

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Strategic Assessment for the Perth and Peel Regions

disease transmission by feral pigs (Department of Environment and Heritage 2005a).  All of the occurrences are considered important given the TEC is listed as Critically Endangered. See Table 18-7 and Appendix C for further information.

TEC MAPPING

APPROACH TO Mapping for Claypans of the Swan Coastal Plain was undertaken across the Strategic MAPPING Assessment Area. This mapping identifies known occurrences of communities that meet the definition of the community. The general approach to TEC mapping is provided in Section 18.4.

MAPS See Figure 18-6 for a map of known occurrences within the northern part of the Strategic Assessment Area. See Figure 18-6 for a map of known occurrences within the southern part of the Strategic Assessment Area.

CONSERVATION OBJECTIVES

CONSERVATION The conservation objectives for the Claypans of the Swan Coastal Plain are: OBJECTIVES  Maintain the long-term viability of the ecological community within the Strategic Assessment Area.  Increase the extent of the ecological community within secure conservation tenure within the Strategic Assessment Area.  Manage offsite threats to the ecological community within the Strategic Assessment Area.

JUSTIFICATION The conservation objectives for the community have been developed recognising the following key attributes:  The majority of the community (occurrences and area) occur within the Strategic Assessment Area.  Within the Strategic Assessment Area, 39 occurrences intersect with a class of action footprint.  Within the Strategic Assessment Area, 24 occurrences occur entirely on land that does not currently have reasonable security of tenure for conservation (i.e. outside protected areas or Bush Forever Areas).  Management of offsite threats is critical to the ongoing viability of the ecological community.

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Strategic Assessment for the Perth and Peel Regions

STATUS OF THE TEC WITHOUT CONSERVATION COMMITMENTS

OCCURRENCES IN The Claypans of the Swan Coastal Plain TEC is represented within areas that are sympathetic AREAS to conservation (Levels 1-4). Thirty-nine of the 81 occurrences are located either entirely, or SYMPATHETIC TO partially within a Level 1 protected area or a Bush Forever Area (Level 2). Specifically: CONSERVATION  Five occurrences are located entirely within protected areas (Level 1). These represent (LEVELS 1-4) 84 ha of the community’s extent within the Strategic Assessment Area. Occurrences 218, 291, 220 and 4375 are entirely within Austin Bay Nature Reserve and occurrence 222 is entirely within Ellen Brook Nature Reserve.  Twenty one occurrences are located entirely within Bush Forever Areas (Level 2) and these represent 123 ha (30%) of the TEC’s extent within the Strategic Assessment Area.  Occurrence 2481 is located across the Kenwick Wetlands (Level 1) and Bush Forever Area 387 (Level 2).  Four occurrences (13.4 ha) occur entirely on land that is zoned parks and recreation and/or regional open space in a region scheme (Level 3), while 11 occurrences (6.5 ha) occur entirely on land that is sympathetic to conservation within a local structure plan (Level 4).  A further 22 occurrences occur at least partially within an area sympathetic to conservation (Levels 1-4) and these represent 172 ha (42%) of the TEC’s extent within the Strategic Assessment Area.  Twenty eight occurrences (83 ha) that are located on an area sympathetic to conservation also intersect with a class of action footprint. These are summarised below. See Table 18-7 below for details about each occurrence and Figure 18-5 for an overview of the relative levels of protection.

OCCURRENCES Thirty nine of the 81 occurrences of Claypans of the Swan Coastal Plain within the Strategic INTERSECTING Assessment Area intersect with a class of action. WITH A CLASS OF  Sixteen occurrences intersect either entirely or partially with the urban class of action ACTION footprint, covering an area of approximately 32.47 ha. (LEVELS 6 & 7)  Twelve occurrences intersect either entirely, or partially, with the industrial class of action footprint, covering an area of approximately 20.83 ha. o Eleven (6.45 ha) are currently zoned rural in a region scheme and are included in the industrial expansion area. The occurrences are 927, 4069, 4070, 4073, 4075, 5078, 5079, 5080, 5081, 5082 and 5084. o Occurrence 1932 is largely zoned industrial and appears to have been partially developed, with the remainder in the class of action footprint (14. 38 ha). This is a large occurrence at 16 ha in total and is buffered by surrounding vegetation to the north-west. This occurrence and the adjoining vegetation is in the process of becoming a nature reserve.  Fourteen occurrences intersect either entirely or partially with the infrastructure class of action footprint. These occurrences are 217, 222, 223, 227, 228, 232, 235, 754, 1932, 2481, 3877, 3878, 3879, and 4100. These cover an area of approximately 4.83 ha, with the majority of intersects containing areas of less than 1 ha of the community.  There are no occurrences that intersect with the BRM or rural residential classes of action.

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Strategic Assessment for the Perth and Peel Regions

See Table 18-7 below for details about each occurrence and Figure 18-5 for an overview of the relative levels of protection.

OCCURRENCES There are a total of 18 occurrences that intersect with Level 5 tenure. All but one of these WITHIN occur across multiple tenures. Occurrence 4559 occurs entirely within Level 5 tenure (1.8 ha). UNSECURE Of the 18 intersects with Level 5 tenure, 12 occurrences have portions of their extent within TENURE unsecure tenure. The other intersects occur within Conservation Category Wetlands. (LEVEL 5) See Table 18-7 below for details about each occurrence and Figure 18-5 for an overview of the relative levels of protection.

INDIRECT Indirect impacts may affect the Claypans of the Swan Coastal Plain where new development IMPACTS occurs or where existing development intensifies adjacent to or near the community. Claypans of the Swan Coastal Plain communities may be susceptible to the following indirect impacts (TSSC 2012a):  hydrological change; and  weed invasion and altered fire regimes. The critical issue for this ecological community in terms of indirect impacts is hydrological change, which is listed as a key threat to Claypans of the Swan Coastal Plain (TSSC 2012a). Changes to the natural hydrology of the wetlands which form the claypans are the most significant threat, as the vegetation suite is dependent on the wetlands filling and drying at appropriate times of the year (TSSC 2012a). Urban development in particular is likely to be an increasing threat to the claypans in terms of hydrological change. Drainage to lower watertables, declining water quality and urban land clearing resulting in a decline in evapotranspiration and a subsequent increase in surface runoff are all likely to increasingly impact on the current hydrologic regimes of the Claypans of the Swan Coastal Plain (TSSC 2012a). Many of the claypans in the Strategic Assessment Area are now isolated remnants within urban areas. Given this, and the complex nature of the hydrology of the claypans, the management of and maintenance of the natural hydrological regimes will continue to be challenging (Gibson 2010 as cited in TSSC 2012a). Development should seek to avoid any changes to hydrology that may result in changes to the natural hydrological regime of the claypans, groundwater water table levels and subsequent increase or decrease in run-off, salinity, or pollution (TSSC 2012a). Management of indirect impacts for occurrences outside of these areas, particularly those to hydrology will be an important aspect of maintaining the long term viability of the Claypans of the Swan Coastal Plain within the Strategic Assessment Area.

WILL THE CONSERVATION OBJECTIVES BE MET WITHOUT CONSERVATION COMMITMENTS?

NEED FOR The conservation objectives of Claypans of the Swan Coastal Plain Community within the CONSERVATION class of action footprint will not be met without further conservation commitments being COMMITMENTS incorporated into the Strategic Conservation Plan. This is based on:  thirty five of the 81 occurrences of the community with the Strategic Assessment Area intersect with a class of action footprint;

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 twenty four occurrences occur entirely on land that does not currently have reasonable security of tenure for conservation; and  management of offsite threats is also critical to the ongoing viability of the ecological community. It should be noted that the over-arching conservation commitments in Action Plan F will provide substantial benefits to the community. These are discussed below along with specific commitments for the Tumulus Springs of the Swan Coastal Plain.

WHAT CONSERVATION COMMITMENTS ARE REQUIRED TO MEET THE CONSERVATION OBJECTIVES?

RELEVANT OVER- The relevant over-arching commitments in Action Plan F will provide for: ARCHING  the continued implementation of the Bush Forever Program will protect areas of the CONSERVATION community currently in Bush Forever sites; COMMITMENTS  avoidance of direct and indirect impacts to areas of the community within Conservation Category Wetlands;  minimisation of impacts resulting from infrastructure development through the implementation of the infrastructure impact assessment process (in Action Plan C); and  consideration of additional opportunities for retention of native vegetation, fauna habitat and wetlands.

SPECIFIC In addition to the relevant over-arching commitments, the following specific commitments are CONSERVATION provided for the Claypans of the Swan Coastal Plain: COMMITMENTS 1. Protect and manage for conservation the following occurrences where they occur in Bush Forever sites:  213, 227, 242, 2481, 3877, 3878, & 3879 (in Bush Forever site 387)  217 (in Bush Forever site 292)  223 & 232 (in Bush Forever site 360)  234 (in Bush Forever site 321)  447 & 448 (in Bush Forever site 422)  754, 756 & 5069 (in Bush Forever site 365)  5088 (in Bush Forever site 255) 2. Retain the following occurrences (with consideration of appropriate vegetation buffers) where they may be impacted by the urban or industrial land class of action: 213; 234; 242; 447; 448; 754; 756; 927; 1902; 1903; 1904; 1932; 2862; 2863 4069; 4070; 4073; 4075; 4376; 5069; 5078; 5079; 5080; 5081; 5082; 5084 and 5088. 3. Minimise impacts to the following occurrences where they may be impacted by the infrastructure class of action: 217; 222; 223; 227; 228; 232; 235; 754; 1902; 1932; 2481; 3877; 3878; 3879; and 4100.

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Strategic Assessment for the Perth and Peel Regions

OUTCOMES FOR THE TEC

KEY POINTS The assessment has identified the following key points relevant to the outcome for Claypans of the Swan Coastal Plain:  Direct impacts to 53.3 ha of Claypans of the Swan Coastal Plain that intersect with the urban and, or, industrial classes of action footprint will be avoided through the implementation of conservation commitments.  Impacts to 4.8 ha of the Claypans of the Swan Coastal Plain that intersect with the infrastructure class of action will be minimised through the implementation of the conservation commitments, and the associated infrastructure implementation framework (Action Plan C).  A total of approximately 10.8 ha will remain within unsecure tenure (Level 5) within the Strategic Assessment Area. The majority of this area is comprised of small portions (1.6 ha or less) of larger patches of the community. These areas will be protected through the application of existing planning and approvals processes.  The implementation of the over-arching commitment to avoid direct and indirect impacts to Conservation Category Wetlands will benefit 83% of Claypans of the Swan Coastal Plain community within the Strategic Assessment Area. In particular, this will reduce the likelihood of indirect hydrological changes occurring to the community. The outcome for the community is considered to be acceptable, and one that meets the conservation objectives through:  Providing for the long term viability of the community through the retention and protection of approximately 96% of the extent of Claypans of the Swan Coastal Plain within the Strategic Assessment Area.  Managing offsite threats through the implementation of over-arching mitigation and management commitments.

ADDITIONAL In addition to the conservation commitments, there are a set of additional conservation CONSERVATION measures that will benefit the community. These measures are provided for context and sit MEASURES outside the direct scope of the Strategic Conservation Plan. They include:  Ongoing protection of occurrences that sit outside the class of action footprints and protected areas through the application of existing planning and approval processes.  Ongoing implementation of actions to benefit the community. For example, implementation of recovery conservation actions and general management of threats and pressures across the landscape.

CONSISTENCY The conservation outcomes and objectives for this ecological community are not inconsistent WITH with the relevant Threat Abatement Plans. COMMONWEALTH The conservation outcomes and objectives for this species have been set with consideration PLANS for the Commonwealth Conservation Advice for the species (TSSC 2012a).

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Strategic Assessment for the Perth and Peel Regions

Claypans of the Swan Coastal Plain

Level ofprotection 6

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% % area in each category

Figure 18-5: Relative levels of protection for Claypans of the Swan Coastal Plain occurrences

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Strategic Assessment for the Perth and Peel Regions

Table 18-7: Occurrence details for Claypans of the Swan Coastal Plain

Occurrence Notable features Total area of Intersects with a Current level occurrence (ha) class of action of protection*

 Large occurrence entirely within Bush Forever site 387, which is zoned public purposes (special uses). 213  Entire area intersects with urban area. 11.6 ha Urban 2 and 7  The surrounding vegetation buffer associated with occurrence 213 is intersected entirely by the urban class of action footprint and Bush Forever Area 387.

 Large occurrence, majority is protected with Bullsbrook Nature Reserve (Level 1 protected area, 87%). Infrastructure 217  A portion of this occurrence intersects with infrastructure class of action (existing roads, 18.8 ha 1, 2, 5 and 6/7 (existing roads) 8%)  Remainder is zoned rural and is within Bush Forever area 292 (Level 2).

 This occurrence is entirely protected within Austin Bay Nature Reserve (Level 1 218 3.7 ha N/A 1 protected area)

 This occurrence is entirely protected within Austin Bay Nature Reserve (Level 1 219 8.9 ha N/A 1 protected area)

 This occurrence is entirely protected within Austin Bay Nature Reserve (Level 1 220 6.4 ha N/A 1 protected area)

 Large occurrence, majority is protected within Austin Bay Nature Reserve (Level 1 221 protected area, 90%) 27 ha N/A 1, 3 and 5  Remainder is zoned regional open space and rural.

 Entirely protected within Ellen Brook Nature Reserve (Level 1 protected area) 222  Small proportion of the area intersects with infrastructure class of action (existing roads, 24.8 ha Infrastructure 1 and 7 1.6%)

223  Entirely within Bush Forever Area 360, which is zoned rural and is managed for 2.5 ha Infrastructure 2 and 6

18-33

Strategic Assessment for the Perth and Peel Regions

Occurrence Notable features Total area of Intersects with a Current level occurrence (ha) class of action of protection* government requirements (road). (existing roads and  This occurrence intersects with infrastructure class of action footprint (existing roads pipelines) and pipelines, 3.2%).

 Large occurrence, entirely within Bush Forever site 345, which is zoned parks and 224 33.3 ha N/A 2 recreation and is managed for conservation of flora and fauna and recreation.

 This occurrence is mostly (66%) within Bush Forever site 345, which is zoned parks and 225 recreation and is managed for recreation. 3.1 ha N/A 2 and 5  The remainder is zoned rural.

 Majority of occurrence within Kenwick Wetlands (Level 1 protected area, 86%), which is also part of Bush Forever Area 387 (zoned parks and recreation and managed for

conservation of flora and fauna). Infrastructure  The remainder is zoned railways and primary regional roads and is on the fringes of the (transmission line 227 19.9 ha 1, 2, 3, 5 and 7 Kenwick Wetlands. corridor and  Forms contiguous patch with occurrence 2481. proposed rail).  This occurrence intersects with infrastructure class of action footprint (transmission line corridor and proposed rail, 4.2%).

 Majority of the occurrence is within protected areas of Meelon Nature Reserve (66%). Infrastructure  The remainder is zoned railways, primary regional roads and rural. 228 4.3 ha (transmission line 1,5 and 6  This occurrence intersects with infrastructure class of action footprint (transmission line corridor) corridor, 6.4%).

 This occurrence is zoned regional open space (managed for parkland and 229 4.5 ha N/A 2 and 5 conservation) and railways.

231  This occurrence is zoned regional open space and is managed for camping. 7.2 ha N/A 3

 This occurrence is entirely within Bush Forever site 360, which is zoned rural and parks Infrastructure 232 4.9 ha 2 and 6 (pipelines and 18-34

Strategic Assessment for the Perth and Peel Regions

Occurrence Notable features Total area of Intersects with a Current level occurrence (ha) class of action of protection* and recreation and is managed for government requirements. roads)  This occurrence intersects with infrastructure class of action footprint (pipelines and roads, 13%)

 This occurrence is entirely within Bush Forever site 360, which is zoned rural and is 233 0.8 ha 2 managed for government requirements.

 This occurrence is entirely within Bush Forever site 321, which is zoned parks and recreation and is managed for environmental conservation, recreation and community 234 3.1 ha Urban 2 and 7 recreation.  Partial area of this occurrence intersects with urban class of action (1.7%)

 This occurrence is entirely within land zoned rural and primary regional roads and is Infrastructure 235 managed for drainage and camping. 0.7 ha 5 and 6 (pipelines)  This intersects with the infrastructure class of action footprint (pipelines, 3.5%).

 This occurrence is zoned regional open space (managed for parkland and 240 6.6 ha N/A 2, 3 and 5 conservation) and primary regional roads.

 Large proportion occurrence is protected within Kooljerrenup Nature Reserve (Level 1 241 protected area 94%) 6.8 ha N/A 1 and 3  The remained is zoned regional open space and is managed as a drain.

 This occurrence is entirely within Bush Forever site 387, which is zoned public purposes 242 4.1 ha Urban 2 and 7 (special use) and intersects with urban class of action.

 This occurrence is entirely within Bush Forever site 345, which is zoned parks and 243 2.4 ha N/A 2 recreation and is managed for recreation and amenities.

 Large occurrence, the majority of this occurrence (95%) is zoned regional open space 244 and is managed for camping. 17.6 ha N/A 3 and 5  The remainder is zoned rural.

18-35

Strategic Assessment for the Perth and Peel Regions

Occurrence Notable features Total area of Intersects with a Current level occurrence (ha) class of action of protection*

 The majority of this occurrence is within Bush Forever site 422, which is zoned parks and recreation. 447 0.3 ha Urban 2 and 7  It is a contiguous patch with occurrence 448.  The northern edge of this occurrence intersects with urban class of action (8.1%)

 The majority of this occurrence is within Bush Forever site 422, which is zoned parks and recreation. 448 0.4 h a Urban 2 and 7  It is a contiguous patch with occurrence 447.  The northern edge of this occurrence intersects with urban class of action (13.8%)

 This occurrence is within Bush Forever site 65, which is zoned parks and recreation, 465 5.7 ha N/A 2 and 5 with a small area outside on land zoned as rural (drainage reserve)

 Entire occurrence is within Bush Forever site 456, which is zoned parks and recreation. 652 2.6 ha N/A 2  It is a contiguous patch with occurrences 656 and 657.

 Entire occurrence is within Bush Forever site 456, which is zoned parks and recreation. 656 2.5 ha N/A 2  It is a contiguous patch with occurrences 652 and 657.

 The majority of this occurrence (98%) is within Bush Forever site 456, which is zoned parks and recreation. 657 1.4 ha N/A 2 and 5  The remainder is zoned other regional roads.  It is a contiguous patch with occurrences 652 and 656.

740  This occurrence is zoned parks and recreation (17%) and railways (83%). 0.08 ha N/A 3 and 5

749  Entire occurrence is within Bush Forever site 375, which is zoned railways. 0.2 ha N/A 2

 Majority of the occurrence is within a nature reserve, Bush Forever site 365, which is Urban and 754 zoned railways (87%) 1.4 ha Infrastructure 1, 2, 5 and 7  This occurrence is within the same larger patch of vegetation as occurrence 756. (pipelines)

18-36

Strategic Assessment for the Perth and Peel Regions

Occurrence Notable features Total area of Intersects with a Current level occurrence (ha) class of action of protection*  The remainder is zoned rural with a small area (5%) located in the adjacent road reserve, which intersects with the infrastructure (pipelines, 2.2%) and urban (1.7%) class of action.

 Majority of the occurrence is within Bush Forever site 365and is managed for conservation of flora and fauna.

756  A small proportion of this occurrence is within the urban class of action footprint (5.3%). 1.1 ha Urban 1, 2, 5 and 7  This occurrence is within the same larger patch of vegetation as occurrence 754. 

 This occurrence is entirely within Bush Forever site 74, which is zoned parks and 760 recreation. 5.8 ha N/A 2  It is within a patch of vegetation continuous with occurrences 761 and 762.

 This occurrence is entirely within Bush Forever site 74, which is zoned parks and 761 recreation. 1.8 ha N/A 2  It is within a patch of vegetation continuous with occurrences 760 and 762.

 This occurrence is within Bush Forever site 74, which is zoned parks and recreation. 762 0.9 ha N/A 2 and 5  It is within a patch of vegetation continuous with occurrences 760 and 761.

 The entire occurrence is within Bush Forever site 386, which is zoned public purposes 847 4.4 ha N/A 2 (Commonwealth Government, Perth Airport)

 The entire occurrence is within Bush Forever site 386, which is zoned public purposes 863 0.3 ha N/A 2 (Commonwealth Government, Perth Airport).

 The entire occurrence is within Bush Forever site 345, which is zoned parks and 906 1.0 ha N/A 2 recreation and is managed for recreation.

 The entire occurrence is within Bush Forever site 345, which is zoned parks and 907 0.3 ha N/A 2 recreation and is managed for recreation.

18-37

Strategic Assessment for the Perth and Peel Regions

Occurrence Notable features Total area of Intersects with a Current level occurrence (ha) class of action of protection*

 The entire occurrence is within Bush Forever site 345, which is zoned parks and 909 0.7 ha N/A 2 recreation and is managed for recreation.

 The entire occurrence is zoned industrial and is managed for recreation.  It is entirely within the industrial class of action footprint. 927 0.7 ha Industrial 4 and 6  Occurrence 927 is also buffered by surrounding vegetation that entirely intersects the industrial and infrastructure class of action footprints.

 The entire occurrence is zoned regional open space and is managed for recreation. 928 0.9 ha N/A 3  This forms a continuous patch with occurrence 4100.

 The entire occurrence is within Bush Forever site 294, which is zoned public purposes 932 0.05 ha N/A 2 (Commonwealth Government).

 The entire occurrence is within Bush Forever site 342, which is zoned parks and 938 3.1 ha N/A 2 recreation.

 The entire occurrence is within the urban (81%) and infrastructure (transmission line Urban and corridor, 19%) class of action footprint. infrastructure 1902 3.5 ha 6 and 7  It forms a continuous patch with occurrence 1903 and 1904. (transmission line corridor)

 The entire occurrence is zoned urban and is within the class of action footprint. 1903 0.3 ha Urban 6 and 7  It forms a continuous patch with occurrence 1902 and 1904.

 The entire occurrence is zoned urban and is within the class of action footprint. 1904 0.02 ha Urban 7  It forms a continuous patch with occurrence 1902 and 1903.

 The entire occurrence is within Bush Forever Area 386, which is zoned public purposes 1930 1.1 ha N/A 2 (Commonwealth Government, Perth Airport).

 The majority of this occurrence (90%) is zoned industrial and is within the industrial 1932 16 ha Industrial 1, 5 and 7 class of action footprint.

18-38

Strategic Assessment for the Perth and Peel Regions

Occurrence Notable features Total area of Intersects with a Current level occurrence (ha) class of action of protection*  A part of the occurrence is within conservation management (freehold land owned by the Department of Parks and Wildlife that is the in the process of being made a conservation reserve).  The remainder is zoned primary regional roads.

 90% of this occurrence is located within Kenwick Wetlands (Level 1 protected area) and the remaining portion is within Bush Forever Area 387, which is zoned parks and Infrastructure 2481 recreation and is managed for conservation of flora and fauna. 2.9 ha (transmission line 1,2 & 7  Forms contiguous patch with occurrence 227. corridor)  This occurrence intersects with infrastructure class of action footprint.

 37% of this occurrence is zoned urban, but managed for recreation, conservation and 2862 recreation (Level 2). This area is within the urban class of action footprint (Level 6). 9.7 ha Urban 2,3 & 6  The remaining 63% is zoned regional open space.

 43% of this occurrence is zoned urban and is within the urban class of action footprint.  The remainder is zoned regional open space (level 3, 39%) and private recreation (level 2863 13.2 ha Urban 3, 4 and 7 4, 17%).  It forms a contiguous patch with occurrence 3703.

 The entire occurrence zoned regional open space. 3476 3.1 ha N/A 3  It forms a contiguous patch with occurrence 3478.

 The entire occurrence zoned regional open space. 3478 2.2 ha N/A 3  It forms a contiguous patch with occurrence 3476.

 The entire occurrence is zoned regional open space (level 3, 49%) and private 3703 recreation (level 4, 51%). 6.8 ha N/A 3 and 4  It forms a contiguous patch with occurrence 2863.

3877  The entire occurrence is within Bush Forever site 387, which is zoned parks and 0.4 ha Infrastructure 2 and 7

18-39

Strategic Assessment for the Perth and Peel Regions

Occurrence Notable features Total area of Intersects with a Current level occurrence (ha) class of action of protection* recreation. (transmission line  It is close to occurrences 3878, 3879, 3880 and 3889. corridor)  It intersects with the infrastructure class of action footprint (transmission line corridor, 96%).

 The entire occurrence is within Bush Forever site 387, which is zoned parks and recreation. Infrastructure  It forms a contagious patch with occurrence 3879 and is close to occurrences 3877, 3878 0.1 ha (transmission line 2 and 7 3880 and 3889. corridor)  It intersects with the infrastructure class of action footprint (transmission line corridor, 6.9%).

 The entire occurrence is within Bush Forever site 387, which is zoned parks and recreation. Infrastructure  It forms a contagious patch with occurrence 3878 and is close to occurrences 3877, 3879 0.6 ha (transmission line 2 and 7 3880 and 3889. corridor)  It intersects with the infrastructure class of action footprint (transmission line corridor, 0.5%).

 The entire occurrence is within Bush Forever site 387, which is zoned parks and 3880 recreation. 0.2 ha N/A 2  It is close to occurrences 3877, 3878, 3879 and 3889.

 The entire occurrence is within Bush Forever site 387, which is zoned parks and 3889 recreation. 0.4 ha N/A 2  It is close to occurrences 3877, 3878, 3879 and 3880.

 The entire occurrence is zoned rural. 4069  It forms a contiguous patch with occurrences 5079 and 5080. These occurrences are 1.8 ha Urban and Industrial 4 and 7 surrounded by vegetation proposed as a retention area as part of master planning.

18-40

Strategic Assessment for the Perth and Peel Regions

Occurrence Notable features Total area of Intersects with a Current level occurrence (ha) class of action of protection*  98.7% of its area is within the industrial (expansion area); the remaining area is within urban class of action footprint area. 

 The entire occurrence is zoned rural. 4070  It forms a contiguous patch with occurrences 4073. 0.7 ha Industrial 4  It is within the industrial class of action footprint (expansion area).

 The entire occurrence is zoned rural. 4073  It forms a contiguous patch with occurrences 4070. 1.5 ha Industrial 4  It is within the industrial class of action footprint (expansion area).

 The entire occurrence is zoned rural. 4075 1.1 ha Industrial 4  It is within the industrial class of action footprint (expansion area).

 28% of its area within Level 1 reserve which managed for conservation of flora and fauna. Infrastructure  The remaining area of this occurrence is zoned regional open space and is managed 4100 7.5 ha (transmission line 1,3 and 6 for recreation. corridor)  This forms a contiguous patch with occurrence 928.  It is within the infrastructure class of action footprint (transmission line corridor, 8.7%).

 Large occurrence which is entirely within Austin Bay Nature Reserve (Level 1 protected 4374 40 ha N/A 1 area). This is the same reserve that contains occurrences (217-221).

 Large occurrence which is mostly within Austin Bay Nature Reserve (60% Level 1 4375 protected area). This is the same reserve that contains occurrences (217-221). 3.1 ha N/A 1 and 5  The remainder of the occurrence is within rural land.

 The majority of this occurrence is within a Level 1 protected area and is conserved for 4376 3.1 ha Urban 1 and 7 the protection of Aboriginal Heritage.

18-41

Strategic Assessment for the Perth and Peel Regions

Occurrence Notable features Total area of Intersects with a Current level occurrence (ha) class of action of protection*  A section of this occurrence is within the urban class of action footprint (14%)

4559  The entire occurrence is zoned rural. 1.8 ha N/A 5

 The entire area of the occurrence is within Bush Forever site 382, which is zoned as 5020 3.1 ha N/A 2 parks and recreation. It is managed as a water catchment.

 The entire occurrence is within Bush Forever site 294, which is zoned public purposes 5054 3.1 ha N/A 2 (Commonwealth Government).

 The entire occurrence is within Bush Forever Area 365, which is zoned railways. 5069 0.2 ha Urban 2 and 7  Partial area of this occurrence intersects with urban class of action footprint (8%)

 Entire occurrence zoned rural. 5078 0.2 ha Industrial 4 and 6/7  It is within the industrial class of action footprint (expansion area).

 Entire occurrence zoned rural.  It is within the industrial class of action footprint (expansion area). 5079 0.09 ha Industrial 4 and 6/7  It forms a contiguous patch with occurrences 5069 and 5080. These occurrences are surrounded by vegetation proposed as a retention area as part of master planning.

 Entire occurrence zoned rural.  It is within the industrial class of action footprint (expansion area). 5080  It forms a contiguous patch with occurrences 5069 and 5079. These occurrences are 0.06 ha Industrial 4 and 6/7 surrounded by vegetation proposed as a retention area as part of master planning. 

 Entire occurrence zoned industrial. 5081  It is within the industrial class of action footprint (expansion area). 0.1 ha Industrial 4 and 6/7  The occurrence is buffered by a small patch of surrounding vegetation.

5082  Entire occurrence zoned industrial. 0.1 ha Industrial 4 and 6/7

18-42

Strategic Assessment for the Perth and Peel Regions

Occurrence Notable features Total area of Intersects with a Current level occurrence (ha) class of action of protection*  It is within the industrial class of action footprint (expansion area).

 Entire occurrence zoned industrial. 5084 0.1 ha Industrial 4 and 6/7  It is within the industrial class of action footprint (expansion area).

 Occurrence is within Bush Forever site 255, which is zoned parks and recreation and urban deferred. 5088  Bush Forever Area 255 provides buffering vegetation around occurrence 5088 and is 4.4 ha Urban 2 and 7 within the urban class of action footprint.  The portion zoned urban deferred (77%) is within the urban class of action footprint.

5314  Entire occurrence within Bush Forever site 342, which is zoned as parks and recreation. 17.4 ha N/A 2

18-43

Figure 18-6a (Northern): Known occurrences of Clay Pans of the Swan Coastal Plain within the Strategic Assessment Area

Yanchep !H

North-west

Bullsbrook !H

Ellenbrook!H

North-east Chidlow !H

Mundaring !H Central

Perth !H

South Metro Peel

0 10 20

Kilometres Legend Kwinana !H Datum/Projection: Strategic Assessment GDA 1994 MGA Zone 50 Data Source: DPaW Area Rockingham !H Occurrence Prepared by: JL Date: 18/11/2015 ± !H !H Figure 18-6b (Southern): Known occurrences of Clay Pans of the Swan Coastal Plain within the Strategic Assessment Area

Central North-east

Kwinana !H

Rockingham !H

Jarrahdale !H

Serpentine !H

South Metro Peel Mandurah !H

Pinjarra!H

Dwellingup !H

Waroona !H

0 10 20 Legend Kilometres Datum/Projection: Strategic Assessment GDA 1994 MGA Zone 50 Area Data Source: DPaW Occurrence Prepared by: JL Date: 18/11/2015 ± Strategic Assessment for the Perth and Peel Regions

18.9 CORYMBIA CALOPHYLLA - KINGIA AUSTRALIS WOODLANDS ON HEAVY SOILS OF THE SWAN COASTAL PLAIN

TEC BACKGROUND

COMMONWEALTH Listed as Endangered. STATUS

WESTERN Ranked as Critically Endangered in the listing of Threatened Ecological Communities AUSTRALIAN endorsed by the Western Australian Minister for Environment. This ranking is based on IUCN STATUS criteria.

PROFILE The following points provide key information about the ecology and distribution of Corymbia SUMMARY calophylla - Kingia australis woodlands on heavy soils of the Swan Coastal Plain (herein Corymbia calophylla - Kingia australis woodlands):  The Corymbia calophylla - Kingia australis woodlands are a series of Marri dominated plant communities which occur on heavy soils, to the east and south-east of Perth.  A total of 44 occurrences of Corymbia calophylla - Kingia australis woodlands, totalling approximately 196 ha have been located between Ruabon and Bullsbrook, a distance of around 220 km. Sometimes several occurrences will be located within the same bushland remnant and are therefore managed as one unit.  The Commonwealth has endorsed an Interim Recovery Plan (English, V. & J. Blyth, 2000a) for the ecological community. The objective of the Interim Recovery Plan is to maintain or improve the overall condition of this plant community and reduce the level of threat.  The Corymbia calophylla - Kingia australis woodlands are considered to have been some of the most extensive on the eastern side of the Swan Coastal Plain but have suffered extensive clearing and are now regionally rare.  A total of 41 (186.25 ha) of the 44 occurrences of the Corymbia calophylla - Kingia australis woodlands are located within the Strategic Assessment Area.  There are two relevant Threat Abatement Plans for this ecological community: o The Threat Abatement Plan for disease in natural ecosystems caused by Phytophthora cinnamomi (DoE 2014). o The Threat Abatement Plan for competition and land degradation by rabbits (DEWHA 2008a).  There is no Commonwealth Conservation Advice for this ecological community.  All occurrences of the ecological community are considered important given it is listed as Endangered. See Appendix C for further information.

18-46

Strategic Assessment for the Perth and Peel Regions

TEC MAPPING

APPROACH TO Mapping for Corymbia calophylla - Kingia australis woodlands was undertaken across its MAPPING range. This mapping identifies known occurrences of communities that meet the definition of the community. The general approach to TEC mapping is provided in Section 18.4.

MAPS See Figure 18-8 for a map of known occurrences within the northern part of the Strategic Assessment Area. See Figure 18-8 for a map of known occurrences within the southern part of the Strategic Assessment Area.

CONSERVATION OBJECTIVES

CONSERVATION The conservation objectives for Corymbia calophylla - Kingia australis woodlands are to: OBJECTIVES  Maintain the long-term viability of the ecological community within the Strategic Assessment Area.  Increase the extent of the ecological community within secure conservation tenure within the Strategic Assessment Area.  Manage offsite threats to the ecological community within the Strategic Assessment Area.

JUSTIFICATION The conservation objectives for the community have been developed recognising the following key attributes:  Forty one of the 44 known occurrences of the community occur in the Strategic Assessment Area.  Twenty three of the 41 occurrences within the Strategic Assessment Area intersect with the classes of action footprints and are at varying risks from future development. The 23 occurrences total 115.06 ha, with 52.80 ha intersected by classes of action footprints.  Offsite threats, specifically changes to hydrology, may be exacerbated and have the potential to adversely affect the ecological community.

STATUS OF THE TEC WITHOUT SCP CONSERVATION COMMITMENTS

OCCURRENCES Thirty one of the 41 occurrences of Corymbia calophylla - Kingia australis woodlands within IN AREAS the Strategic Assessment Area have the majority of their extent located within an area SYMPATHETIC TO sympathetic to conservation (Level 1- 4), with most of these being Bush Forever Areas. CONSERVATION  Eight occurrences are entirely within Level 1 and/or Level 2 (106, 113, 462, 464, 1986, (LEVELS 1-4) 1987, 1988, and 1990). The total area for these occurrences is 6.32 ha.  The largest patch of the community within the Strategic Assessment Area (occurrence 104; 33.8 ha) occurs within Level 2 and Level 5 tenures. 17 ha occurs within an area zoned as regional open space in a region scheme and is a Crown Reserve managed for parkland and conservation (Level 2). The remainder (15.9 ha) is within primary regional roads, rural and railways zoning (Level 5).  3.6 ha of occurrence 105 is located within Nature Reserve 42044 (Level 1). 1.8 ha is

18-47

Strategic Assessment for the Perth and Peel Regions

within Bush Forever Area 264 (Level 2) which is zoned railways.  Occurrence 757 predominantly occurs within a Nature Reserve (R46587) (Level 1) which is also part of Bush Forever site 465.  Two occurrences (4056 and 4098) are zoned regional open space in a region scheme (Level 3).  A majority of Occurrence 2394 is found within a Crown reserve with a Conservation purpose (Level 2) and also land zoned Primary Regional Roads and Railways (Level 5)  Occurrence 5076 predominantly occurs within a Nature Reserve (R23012) (Level 1) which is also part of Bush Forever site 360.  Eighteen occurrences (including the second and third largest) are located in Bush Forever Areas (Level 2), covering a total area of approximately 97.85 ha.  Some of the Bush Forever areas that contain occurrences of Corymbia calophylla - Kingia australis woodlands have more than one occurrence and commonly contain occurrences of other threatened ecological communities. Bush Forever Area 387 has five occurrences of Corymbia calophylla - Kingia australis woodlands within its boundaries. See Table 18-8 below for details about each occurrence and Figure 18-7 for an overview of the relative levels of protection.

OCCURRENCES Twenty three of the 41 occurrences in the Strategic Assessment Area are intersected by the INTERSECTING classes of action footprints including: WITH A CLASS OF  Nine occurrences intersect with the urban class of action footprint (105, 107, 110, 512, ACTION 3239, 4345, 4897, 5076 and 5176). Approximately 14.4 ha of the woodland community (LEVELS 6 & 7) occurs within the urban class of action footprint. These occur as patches of 5 ha or less.  11 occurrences are intersected by the industrial class of action footprint (112, 1783, 1784, 2576, 4074, 4078, 4083, 5083, 5085, 5086 and 5665). Approximately 18.9 ha of the woodland community occurs within the industrial class of action footprint. These occur as patches of 3 ha or less, with the exception of occurrence 5665 which has 14.4 ha intersecting with the industrial class of action footprint.  Nine occurrences intersect with the infrastructure class of action footprint (105, 108, 110, 111, 112, 512, 1784, 4345, 5057 and 5076). Approximately 14.2 ha of the woodland community occurs within the infrastructure class of action footprint. These occur as patches of 6 ha or less. Occurrences 2576 and 3239 are within the industrial and urban class of action footprints (respectively). However, both appear to have already been impacted to some degree and it is considered likely that these occurrences no longer exist or are unviable. The total area of these two occurrences is approximately 0.5 ha. See Table 18-8 below for details about each occurrence and Figure 18-7 for an overview of the relative levels of protection.

OCCURRENCES Four of the 41 occurrences of Corymbia calophylla - Kingia australis woodlands are located WITHIN entirely within remaining areas of the Strategic Assessment Area (and outside the class of UNSECURE action footprints). This includes the following occurrences: 1832; 5070; 5443 and 5444. The TENURE total area of these occurrences is 17.8 ha. (LEVEL 5) Thirteen other occurrences have some of their area within the Strategic Assessment Area and

18-48

Strategic Assessment for the Perth and Peel Regions

outside the class of action footprints (Level 5). This represents an additional 19.73 ha. Occurrence 2394 is within existing road and rail reserves and is therefore at risk from future road works and maintenance. See Table 18-8 below for details about each occurrence and Figure 18-7 for an overview of the relative levels of protection.

INDIRECT Indirect impacts may affect the Corymbia calophylla - Kingia australis woodlands where new IMPACTS development occurs or where existing development intensifies adjacent to or near the TEC. Corymbia calophylla - Kingia australis woodlands may be susceptible to indirect impacts through hydrological changes (English, V. & J. Blyth, 2000a). The Corymbia calophylla - Kingia australis woodlands are typically associated with soils that are seasonally inundated. Groundwater is commonly within 3 m of the ground surface which suggests a high level of dependence on groundwater. Indirect impacts may be caused by hydrological changes in specific areas of the eastern side of the Swan Coastal Plain. Management of indirect impacts for occurrences outside of these areas, particularly those to hydrology will be an important aspect of maintaining the long term viability of the TEC within the Strategic Assessment Area.

WILL THE CONSERVATION OBJECTIVES BE MET WITHOUT CONSERVATION COMMITMENTS?

NEED FOR The conservation objectives of the Corymbia calophylla - Kingia australis woodlands CONSERVATION community within the classes of action footprint will not be met without further conservation COMMITMENTS commitments being incorporated into the Strategic Conservation Plan. This is based on:  a number of occurrences of the community intersect with the classes of action footprints and are at varying risk from future development; and  indirect impacts, specifically changes to hydrology, pose a particular threat to the viability of the community and require specific management measures. It should be noted that the over-arching conservation commitments in Action Plan F will provide benefits to the community. These are discussed below along with specific commitments for the Corymbia calophylla - Kingia australis woodlands community.

WHAT CONSERVATION COMMITMENTS ARE REQUIRED TO MEET THE CONSERVATION OBJECTIVES?

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Strategic Assessment for the Perth and Peel Regions

CONSERVATION In addition to the relevant over-arching commitments, the following specific commitments are COMMITMENTS provided for the Corymbia calophylla - Kingia australis woodlands: 1. Protect and manage for conservation the following occurrences where they occur in Bush Forever sites:  105, 1783 & 1784 (in Bush Forever site 264)  107 & 110 (in Bush Forever site 321)  108, 4345 and 5076 (in Bush Forever site 360)  111 (in Bush Forever site 319)  113 (in Bush Forever site 74)  512 (in Bush Forever site 350)  1989 (in Bush Forever site 387) 2. Retain the following occurrences (with consideration of appropriate vegetation buffers) where they may be impacted by the urban or industrial land class of action: 105; 107; 110; 111; 112; 512; 1783; 1784; 4074; 4078; 4083; 4345; 4897; 5076; 5083; 5085; 5086; 5176 and 5665. 3. Minimise impacts to the following occurrences where they may be impacted by the infrastructure class of action: 105; 108; 110; 111; 112; 512; 1784; 1989; 4345; 5057 and 5076.

OUTCOMES FOR THE TEC

KEY POINTS The assessment has identified the following key issues relevant to the outcome for Corymbia calophylla - Kingia australis woodlands:  Direct impacts to 33.3 ha of the Corymbia calophylla - Kingia australis woodlands occurring in the urban and industrial class of action footprints will be avoided through the implementation of specific conservation commitments.  Impacts to 14.2 ha of the community that intersects with the infrastructure class of action footprint will be minimised through the implementation of the conservation commitments, and the associated infrastructure implementation framework (Action Plan C).  Approximately 0.5 ha of the community, comprised of areas of occurrences 2576 and 3239 will not be protected. This area is considered to be unviable as it appears to have already been impacted by development.  Approximately 130 ha occurring within the Strategic Assessment Area will remain within areas sympathetic to conservation (Level 1–4).  The implementation of the over-arching commitment to avoid direct and indirect impacts Conservation Category Wetlands will benefit 52% of the TEC area within the Strategic Assessment Area. In particular, this will reduce indirect impacts caused by hydrological change on the community. The outcome for the community is considered to be acceptable, and one that meets the conservation objectives through:  Providing for the long term viability of the community within the Strategic Assessment Area.  Improving the security of tenure for approximately 33.3 ha of the community.

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Strategic Assessment for the Perth and Peel Regions

CONSISTENCY The conservation outcomes and objectives for this ecological community are not inconsistent WITH with the Commonwealth Recovery Plan or the relevant Threat Abatement Plans. COMMONWEALTH PLANS

Corymbia calophylla – Kingia australis Woodlands

5 Level Level ofprotection 6

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% % area in each category

Figure 18-7: Relative levels of protection for Corymbia calophylla - Kingia australis woodlands occurrences

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Strategic Assessment for the Perth and Peel Regions

Table 18-8: Occurrence details for Corymbia calophylla - Kingia australis woodlands

Total area of Intersects with a Current level of Occurrence Notable features occurrence (ha) class of action protection*

 Largest occurrence within the Strategic Assessment Area, 50% of which is within land zoned regional open space and is managed for parkland and conservation (Level 2) 104 33.8 ha NA 2, 3 & 5  The remaining area is zoned primary regional roads, railways and rural and does not intersect with class of action footprint.

 66.5% of this occurrence is within a nature reserve (level 1) and intersects with urban class of action footprint. Urban and 105 5.4 ha 1,2, and 6  The remaining 32.7% is within Bush Forever Area 264 intersects with infrastructure class Infrastructure of action footprint (existing railways)

 The entire occurrence is within the Kenwick Wetlands and is part of Bush Forever Area 106 387 which is zoned parks and recreation and is managed for conservation of flora and 0.9 ha NA 1 fauna.

 26 ha (98%) of this occurrence is within Bush Forever Area 321 which is zoned parks and recreation and managed for recreation, with 19% within the urban class of action footprint. 107 26.7 ha Urban 2, 6 and 7  The remainder occurs outside the Bush Forever site on a road reserve (also zoned as urban). This road reserve also intersects with the urban class of action footprint (level 6)

 The entire occurrence is within Bush Forever Area 360 which is zoned parks and Infrastructure 108 recreation and managed for government purposes. 2.3 ha 2 &6 (pipelines)  It intersects with the infrastructure class of action footprint (pipelines, 6.8%).

 The entire occurrence is within Bush Forever Area 321 which is zoned parks and Infrastructure 110 recreation and managed for recreation. 13.4 ha 2 & 7 (roads) and Urban  It intersects with the infrastructure class of action footprint (Roads, 2.3%)

 The entire occurrence is within two Crown Reserves part of Bush Forever Area 319 which Infrastructure 111 is zoned parks and recreation. Partial area of this occurrence intersects with infrastructure 9.6 ha 2 and 6/7 (roads) class of action (roads, 2%)

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Strategic Assessment for the Perth and Peel Regions

Total area of Intersects with a Current level of Occurrence Notable features occurrence (ha) class of action protection*

 95% of this occurrence is within a recreation reserve and intersects with the industrial Infrastructure 112 class of action footprint (transmission line corridor). 1.4 ha (transmission line 4 & 7  The remaining 5% of this occurrence has already been developed into a road (Level 7) corridor), industrial

 The entire occurrence is within Bush Forever Area 74 which is zoned Parks and NA 113 1.7 ha 2 Recreation.

 The entire occurrence is within Bush Forever Area 65 which is zoned Parks and NA 462 0.6 ha 2 Recreation.

 The entire occurrence is within Bush Forever Area 65 which is zoned Parks and NA 464 1.8 ha 2 Recreation.

 The entire occurrence is within is within Bush Forever Area 350 which is zoned Primary Infrastructure Regional Roads and Railways. 512 6.4 ha (existing rail) and 2 and 6  It intersects with the infrastructure (existing rail, 96%) and urban (2.8%) class of action Urban footprint.

 The majority of the occurrence is within is within Bush Forever Area 365 which is zoned 757 0.4 ha NA 1, 2 and 5 Parks and Recreation and Railways, Rural and Roadways.

 The majority of the occurrence is within is within Bush Forever Area 264 which is zoned parks and recreation and is within a Crown reserve managed for recreation and 1783 3.9 ha Industrial 2 and 6 conservation.  The entire area of this occurrence intersects with the industrial class of action footprint.

 72% within Bush Forever Area 264 which is zoned Railways Infrastructure 1784  The occurrence intersects with infrastructure (existing rail, 97%), and industrial class of 3.5 ha (existing rail) and 2, 5 and 6 action footprint industrial

1832  This occurrence is entirely on rural land. 2.3 ha NA 5

1986  The entire occurrence is within the Kenwick Wetlands Nature Reserve which is part of 0.3 ha NA 1

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Strategic Assessment for the Perth and Peel Regions

Total area of Intersects with a Current level of Occurrence Notable features occurrence (ha) class of action protection*

Bush Forever Area 387 zoned Parks and Recreation and is managed for conservation of flora and fauna

 The entire occurrence is within the Kenwick Wetlands Nature Reserve which is part of NA 1987 Bush Forever Area 387 zoned Parks and Recreation and is managed for conservation of 0.4 ha 1 flora and fauna

 The entire occurrence is within the Kenwick Wetlands Nature Reserve which is part of NA 1988 Bush Forever Area 387 zoned Parks and Recreation and is managed for conservation of 0.3 ha 1 flora and fauna

 This occurrence is primarily within Kenwick Wetlands Nature Reserve which is part of NA Bush Forever Area 387. 1989 0.7 ha 1, 2 & 5  The remaining portion is within Bush Forever 387 zoned Parks and Recreation (Level 2) and a small portion is within a railways reserve (Level 5).

 The entire occurrence is within the Kenwick Wetlands Nature Reserve which is part of NA 1990 Bush Forever Area 387 zoned Parks and Recreation and is managed for conservation of 0.3 ha 1 flora and fauna

 This occurrence within a Crown reserve with a conservation purpose (Level 2) zoned NA 2394 9.2 ha 2 & 5 regional open space and is also zoned Railways and primary regional roads

 This occurrence is entirely within the industrial class of action footprint area and has 2576 0.2 ha Industrial 7 already been cleared and developed.

 This occurrence is located between existing urban developments and has been partially 3239 0.3 ha Urban 7 cleared for a road. The entire area intersects with the urban class of action footprint.

4056  This occurrence is within a Shire recreation Reserve which is zoned regional open space 1.6 ha NA 3 & 5

 97% of this occurrence is rural zoned land (Level 4). 4074 0.8 ha Industrial 4 & 7  The entire area intersects with the industrial class of action footprint.

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Strategic Assessment for the Perth and Peel Regions

Total area of Intersects with a Current level of Occurrence Notable features occurrence (ha) class of action protection*

 This entire occurrence is rural zoned land (Level 4) and intersects with the industrial class 4078 1.8 ha Industrial 4 and 7 of action footprint.

 This entire occurrence is industrial zoned land (Level 4) and intersects with the industrial 4083 class of action footprint. 1.1 ha Industrial 4 & 7  A small patch of vegetation buffers part of the occurrence.

 This occurrence is entirely zoned regional open space and with a Crown reserve 4098 1.1 ha NA 3 managed for recreation.

 The entire occurrence is within Bush Forever Area 360, which is zoned urban and is within <3.1 ha Infrastructure a Crown reserve managed for recreation. 4345 (mapping of extent is (existing roads) 2 & 7  The occurrence intersects with the infrastructure (existing roads, 12.5%) and urban inaccurate) and Urban (87.5%) class of action footprint.

 The entire occurrence is within the urban class of action footprint, currently surrounded by 4897 1.5 ha Urban 6 & 7 urban development.

 The entire occurrence is zoned primary regional roads and intersects with the Infrastructure 5057 infrastructure class of action footprint (pipelines and existing roads) 1.3 ha (pipelines and 5 & 7 existing roads)

5070  This occurrence is zoned rural and railways. 5.1 ha NA 5

 15.5 ha (92%) of this occurrence is within the Watkins Road Nature Reserve (Level 1).  The remaining area of 1.4ha (8%) is within Bush Forever Area 360, which is zoned parks Infrastructure and 5076 and recreation and managed for conservation of flora and fauna. 16.8 ha 1, 2 & 7 Urban  A small area of this occurrence intersects with the infrastructure (existing rail, 1.6%) and urban (4.4%) class of action footprint.

5083  This occurrence intersects with the industrial class of action footprint. 0.1 ha Industrial 4 & 7

5085  This occurrence intersects with the industrial class of action footprint. 0.08 ha Industrial 4 & 7

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Strategic Assessment for the Perth and Peel Regions

Total area of Intersects with a Current level of Occurrence Notable features occurrence (ha) class of action protection*

5086  This occurrence intersects with the industrial class of action footprint. 0.3 ha Industrial 4 & 7

5176  This occurrence intersects with the urban class of action footprint. 0.1 ha Urban 7

5443  This occurrence is zoned rural. 3.1 ha NA 5

5444  This occurrence is zoned rural. 7.3 ha NA 5

5665  This occurrence intersects with the industrial class of action footprint (98%). 14.6 ha Industrial 5 & 7

18-56

Figure 18-8a (Northern): Known occurrences of Corymbia calophylla - Kingia australis woodlands within the Strategic Assessment Area

Yanchep !H

North-west

Bullsbrook !H

Ellenbrook!H

North-east Chidlow !H

Mundaring !H Central

Perth !H

South Metro Peel

0 10 20

Kilometres Legend Kwinana !H Datum/Projection: Strategic Assessment GDA 1994 MGA Zone 50 Data Source: DPaW Area Rockingham !H Occurrence Prepared by: JL Date: 18/11/2015 ± !H !H Figure 18-8b (Southern): Known occurrences of Corymbia calophylla - Kingia australis woodlands within the Strategic Assessment Area

Central North-east

Kwinana !H

Rockingham !H

Jarrahdale !H

Serpentine !H

South Metro Peel Mandurah !H

Pinjarra!H

Dwellingup !H

Waroona !H

18.10 CORYMBIA CALOPHYLLA - XANTHORRHOEA PREISSII WOODLANDS AND SHRUBLANDS OF THE SWAN COASTAL PLAIN

TEC BACKGROUND

COMMONWEALTH Listed as Endangered. STATUS

PROFILE The following points provide key information about the ecology and distribution of Corymbia SUMMARY calophylla - Xanthorrhoea preissii woodlands and shrublands of the Swan Coastal Plain (herein Corymbia calophylla - Xanthorrhoea preissii woodlands and shrublands):  The Corymbia calophylla - Xanthorrhoea preissii woodlands and shrublands is a plant community located on the eastern side of the Swan Coastal Plain between Bullsbrook in the north and Waterloo near Bunbury in the south.  A total of 31 occurrences of Corymbia calophylla - Xanthorrhoea preissii woodlands and shrublands, totalling approximately 127 ha have been located between Bullsbrook and Stratham, a distance of around 200 km. Often several occurrences will be located within the same bushland remnant and are therefore managed as one unit.  The Commonwealth has endorsed an Interim Recovery Plan (English, V. & J. Blyth, 2000b) for the ecological community. The objective of the Interim Recovery Plan is to maintain or improve the overall condition of this plant community and reduce the level of threat.  A total of 25 of the 31 occurrences of the Corymbia calophylla - Xanthorrhoea preissii woodlands and shrublands are located within the Strategic Assessment Area, covering approximately 105.94 ha.  There are two relevant Threat Abatement Plans for this ecological community: o The Threat Abatement Plan for disease in natural ecosystems caused by Phytophthora cinnamomi (DoE 2014). o The Threat Abatement Plan for competition and land degradation by rabbits (DEWHA 2008a).  There is no Commonwealth Conservation Advice for this ecological community.  All of the occurrences of this ecological community are considered important given it is listed as Endangered. See Table 18-9 and Appendix C for further information.

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Strategic Assessment for the Perth and Peel Regions

TEC MAPPING

APPROACH TO Mapping for the Corymbia calophylla - Xanthorrhoea preissii woodlands was undertaken MAPPING across the Strategic Assessment Area. This mapping identifies occurrences of the ecological community. The general approach to mapping of ecological communities is provided in Section 18.4.

MAPS See Figure 18-10 for a map of Corymbia calophylla - Xanthorrhoea preissii woodlands within the northern part of the Strategic Assessment Area. See Figure 18-10 for a map of Corymbia calophylla - Xanthorrhoea preissii woodlands within the southern part of the Strategic Assessment Area.

CONSERVATION OBJECTIVES

CONSERVATION The conservation objectives for Corymbia calophylla - Xanthorrhoea preissii woodlands and OBJECTIVES shrublands are to:  Maintain the long-term viability of the ecological community within the Strategic Assessment Area.  Manage offsite threats to the ecological community within the Strategic Assessment Area.

JUSTIFICATION The conservation objectives for Corymbia calophylla - Xanthorrhoea preissii woodlands and shrublands have been developed recognising the following key attributes:  Twenty five of the 31 known occurrences of the TEC occur in the Strategic Assessment Area.  Within the Strategic Assessment Area, seven occurrences intersect with the class of action footprint (infrastructure and urban).  Management of offsite threats is critical to the ongoing viability of the ecological community.

STATUS OF THE TEC WITHOUT SCP CONSERVATION COMMITMENTS

OCCURRENCES The Corymbia calophylla - Xanthorrhoea preissii woodlands and shrublands are well IN AREAS represented within areas that are sympathetic to conservation, with 21 of the 25 occurrences, SYMPATHETIC TO covering approximately 95 ha, either entirely, or partially within Level 1-4 areas. This includes: CONSERVATION  Occurrences 117 and 118 that have the majority of their extent located entirely within (LEVELS 1-4) Talbot Road Nature Reserve (Level 1), and Bush Forever Area 306 (Level 2). These occurrences cover an area of 32.2 ha. This includes the largest patch of the woodlands and shrublands within the Strategic Assessment Area (117; 32.3 ha). 4.2 ha of occurrence 117 is not inside the nature reserve, and intersects with the urban class of action footprint.  Three occurrences (120, 1962, 1963) that are located entirely within Ellenbrook Nature Reserve (Level 1), which corresponds largely to Bush Forever site 301. These occurrences cover an area of 1.2 ha.  One occurrence (461) that is located entirely within a nature reserve (Level 1), which corresponds with Bush Forever area 362. This occurrence covers an area of

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Strategic Assessment for the Perth and Peel Regions

3.04 ha.  Fourteen occurrences (Occurrences 114, 119, 500, 502, 503, 506, 507, 508, 509, 510, 1923, 1924, 5061 and 5066) that are located entirely within an additional eight Bush Forever sites (Level 2). Bush Forever area 294 contains six of these occurrences. These 14 occurrences cover an area of 56.9 ha.  One occurrence (5178, 0.6 ha) that is located entirely on land zoned urban within a region scheme and managed for recreation (Level 4), however this is not considered to have secure conservation tenure.  All occurrences that intersect with a class of action footprint have some of their extent located on land sympathetic to conservation (Levels 1-4) – see below for details. See Table 18-9 below for details about each occurrence and Figure 18-9 for an overview of the relative levels of protection.

OTHER Seven occurrences of Corymbia calophylla - Xanthorrhoea preissii woodlands and shrublands OCCURRENCES intersect partially with a class of action footprint including: INTERSECTING  Occurrences 114, 117, 4347 and 5061 intersect partially with the proposed urban class WITH A CLASS OF of action footprint. They are comprised of small patches, totalling 4.8 ha. ACTION  Occurrences 114, 119, 120, 510, 4347, 5061 and 5066 intersect partially with the (LEVELS 6 & 7) proposed infrastructure class of action footprint. These are also comprised of small patches of less than 2 ha, covering a combined area of 5.7 ha.  No occurrences intersect with the industrial, BRM or rural residential classes of action footprints. See Table 18-9 below for details about each occurrence and Figure 18-9 for an overview of the relative levels of protection.

REMAINING A small number of occurrences of Corymbia calophylla - Xanthorrhoea preissii woodlands and OCCURRENCES shrublands are located outside of the class of action footprint and are not considered to be WITHIN THE within a protected area. Three occurrences (115, 4043 and 5072) are located on land zoned STRATEGIC rural and primary regional road and are managed for drainage, camping and as a school site. ASSESSMENT These occurrences cover an area of 4.1 ha. AREA (LEVEL 5) See Table 18-9 below for details about each occurrence and Figure 18-9 for an overview of the relative levels of protection.

INDIRECT Indirect impacts may affect the Corymbia calophylla - Xanthorrhoea preissii woodlands where IMPACTS new development occurs or where existing development intensifies adjacent to or near the TEC. Corymbia calophylla - Xanthorrhoea preissii woodlands may be susceptible to the following indirect impacts (English, V. & J. Blyth, 2000b):  hydrological changes; and  altered fire regime and weed invasion. The Corymbia calophylla - Xanthorrhoea preissii woodlands occur on relatively wet soils on the eastern side of the Swan Coastal Plain, in low rainfall areas. Altered hydrology in the area due to land clearing and urbanisation may contribute to an increase in runoff and recharge of the watertable, however it is likely that drainage in the area has contributed to an overall

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Strategic Assessment for the Perth and Peel Regions

lowering. Changes in ponding may have an effect on undergrowth and vegetation composition favouring alternate species. Altered fire regimes or disturbance events have the potential to affect seeding if not completed within appropriate timeframes. Fire events can also increase the occurrence of weeds, which have invaded to varying extents along tracks within some occurrences. Management of indirect impacts for occurrences outside of these areas, particularly impacts to hydrology will be an important aspect of maintaining the long term viability of the Corymbia calophylla - Xanthorrhoea preissii woodlands within the Strategic Assessment Area.

WILL THE CONSERVATION OBJECTIVES BE MET WITHOUT TCP CONSERVATION COMMITMENTS?

NEED FOR The conservation objectives for the Corymbia calophylla - Xanthorrhoea preissii woodlands CONSERVATION and shrublands community within the classes of action footprint will not be met without further COMMITMENTS conservation commitments being incorporated into the Strategic Conservation Plan. This is based on:  portions of seven of the 25 occurrences of the TEC with the Strategic Assessment Area intersect with a class of action footprint and are at risk from future development; and  management of offsite threats is also critical to the ongoing viability of the ecological community. It should be noted that the over-arching conservation commitments in Action Plan F will provide benefits to the community. These are discussed below along with specific commitments for the Corymbia calophylla - Xanthorrhoea preissii woodlands community.

WHAT CONSERVATION COMMITMENTS ARE REQUIRED TO MEET THE CONSERVATION OBJECTIVES?

OVER-ARCHING The relevant over-arching commitments in Action Plan F will provide for: CONSERVATION  the continued implementation of the Bush Forever Program will protect areas of the COMMITMENTS community currently in Bush Forever sites;  avoidance of direct and indirect impacts to areas of the community within Conservation Category Wetlands;  minimisation of impacts resulting from infrastructure development through the implementation of the infrastructure impact assessment process (in Action Plan C); and  consideration of additional opportunities for retention of native vegetation, fauna habitat and wetlands.

CONSERVATION In addition to the relevant over-arching commitments, the following specific commitments are COMMITMENTS provided for the Corymbia calophylla - Xanthorrhoea preissii woodlands and shrublands: 1. Protect and manage for conservation the following occurrences where they occur in Bush Forever sites:  114 (in Bush Forever site 89)  117 and 118 (in Bush Forever site 306)  119 and 4347 (in Bush Forever site 360)  120 (in Bush Forever site 301)  461 (in Bush Forever site 362)

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Strategic Assessment for the Perth and Peel Regions

 502 and 503 (in Bush Forever site 466)  510 (in Bush Forever site 365)  5061 and 5066 (in Bush Forever site 350) 2. Retain the following occurrences (with consideration of appropriate vegetation buffers) where they may be impacted by the urban land class of action: 114, 117; 4347 and 5061. 3. Minimise impacts to the following occurrences where they may be impacted by the infrastructure class of action: 114, 119, 120, 510, 4347, 5061 and 5066.

OUTCOMES FOR THE TEC

KEY POINTS The outcome for Corymbia calophylla - Xanthorrhoea preissii woodlands and shrublands is considered to be acceptable based on:  Direct impacts will be avoided to 4.8 ha of Corymbia calophylla - Xanthorrhoea preissii woodlands and shrublands that intersects with the urban class of action footprint through the implementation of conservation commitments.  Impacts to 5.7 ha of the community that intersects with the infrastructure class of action footprint will be minimised through the implementation of the conservation commitments, and the associated infrastructure implementation framework (Action Plan C).  Approximately 96.7 ha will remain in land sympathetic to conservation (Levels 1-4), with the majority of this (95.5 ha) remaining in protected areas (Level 1 and 2).  Approximately 4.3 ha of the community occurs within areas of unsecure tenure (Level 5). Impacts to these occurrences will be managed through the application of existing planning and approval processes. The outcome for the community is considered to be acceptable, and one that meets the conservation objectives through:  Providing for the long term viability of the community within the Strategic Assessment Area.  Potential impacts due to changes in hydrology will be managed through the ongoing processes of State planning, assessments and approvals.

ADDITIONAL In addition to the conservation commitments, there are a set of additional conservation CONSERVATION measures that will benefit the community. These measures are provided for context and sit MEASURES outside the direct scope of the Strategic Conservation Plan. They include:  Ongoing protection of occurrences that sit outside the class of action footprints and protected areas through the application of existing planning and approval processes.  Ongoing implementation of actions to benefit the community. For example, implementation of recovery conservation actions and general management of threats and pressures across the landscape.

CONSISTENCY The conservation commitments for this species will ensure that potential impacts are avoided. WITH Conservation outcomes and objectives for this ecological community are not inconsistent with COMMONWEALTH the Commonwealth Recovery Plan or the relevant Threat Abatement Plans. PLANS

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Strategic Assessment for the Perth and Peel Regions

Corymbia calohylla – Xanthorrhoea preissii Woodlands and Shrublands

Level ofprotection 6

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% % area in each category

Figure 18-9: Relative levels of protection for Corymbia calophylla - Xanthorrhoea preissii woodlands and shrublands occurrences

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Strategic Assessment for the Perth and Peel Regions

Table 18-9: Occurrence details for Corymbia calophylla - Xanthorrhoea preissii woodlands and shrublands

Total area of Intersects with a Current level of Occurrence Notable features occurrence (ha) class of action protection*

 This occurrence is entirely within Bush Forever area 89 and is zoned parks and Infrastructure (roads recreation. 114 12.4 ha and pipelines) and 2 & 6/7  Partial area of this occurrence intersects with infrastructure (roads and pipelines, 8.1%) Urban and urban (0.4%) class of action foot print

 This occurrence is located on land zoned rural and primary and regional road and is 115 managed for drainage and camping. 0.5 ha NA 5  It forms a contiguous patch with occurrence 235 (Claypans TEC)

 Largest occurrence within Strategic Assessment Area, surrounded by dense urban development.  87% of the occurrence is within Talbot Road Nature Reserve within bush forever area 117 32.3 ha Urban 1, 6 & 7 306, zoned for parks and recreation. This area is managed for conservation of flora and fauna (Level 1)  The remaining area (13%) is within the urban class of action footprint

 92% of the occurrence is within Talbot Road Nature reserve, within bush forever area 306 and managed for conservation of flora and fauna. 118 4.1 ha Urban 1, 2 & 6  The remaining 8% is in bush forever area 306 and is managed as a cemetery.  The entire occurrence intersects with the urban class of action footprint.

 The entire occurrence is bush forever area 360, which is zoned rural and is managed for Infrastructure government requirements. 119 2.7 ha (pipelines and 2 and 6  This occurrence intersects with the infrastructure class of action footprint (pipelines and roads) roads, 0.8%)

 The entire occurrence is within Talbot Road Nature Reserve, Bush Forever Area 301, Infrastructure 120 0.7 ha 1 and 7 which is zoned parks and recreation – restricted public access. The area is managed for (roads)

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Strategic Assessment for the Perth and Peel Regions

Total area of Intersects with a Current level of Occurrence Notable features occurrence (ha) class of action protection*

conservation of flora and fauna.  Partial area of this occurrence intersects with the infrastructure class of action footprint (roads, 17%)

 The entire occurrence is located within a nature reserve Bush Forever Area 362, which 461 3.0 ha NA 1 is zoned parks and recreation and managed for conservation of flora and fauna.

 97% of the occurrence is located within Bush Forever Area 42, which is zoned parks and recreation. 500 3.3 ha NA 2 & 5  The remaining 3%is on rural zoned land and is not within the class of action footprint (Level 5)

 The entire occurrence is within Bush Forever area 466, which is zoned parks and 502 4.5 ha NA 2 recreation.

 The entire occurrence is within Bush Forever area 466, which is zoned parks and 503 3.8 ha NA 2 recreation.

 The entire occurrence is within Bush Forever area 294, which is zoned public purposes 506 4.9 ha NA 2 – Commonwealth Government.

 The entire occurrence is within Bush Forever area 294, which is zoned public purposes 507 3.7 ha NA 2 – Commonwealth Government.

 The entire occurrence is within Bush Forever area 294, which is zoned public purposes 508 3.7 ha NA 2 – Commonwealth Government.

 The entire occurrence is within Bush Forever area 294, which is zoned public purposes 509 2.3 ha NA 2 – Commonwealth Government.

 The entire occurrence is within Bush Forever area 365, which is zoned railways. Infrastructure 510  The occurrence intersects with the infrastructure class of action footprint (pipelines, 3.0 ha 2 and 6 (pipelines) 14%).

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Strategic Assessment for the Perth and Peel Regions

Total area of Intersects with a Current level of Occurrence Notable features occurrence (ha) class of action protection*

 The entire occurrence is within Bush Forever area 294, which is zoned public purposes 1923 2.9 ha NA 2 – Commonwealth Government.

 The entire occurrence is within Bush Forever area 294, which is zoned public purposes – Commonwealth Government. Infrastructure 1924 4.5 ha 2 and 7  A small portion of this occurrence intersects with the infrastructure class of action (roads) footprint (roads, 1%)

 The entire occurrence is within Ellenbrook Nature Reserve, Bush Forever Area 301, 1962 which is zoned park and recreation – restricted public access. The area is managed for 0.2 ha NA 1 conservation of flora and fauna.

 The entire occurrence is within Ellenbrook Nature Reserve, Bush Forever Area 301, 1963 which is zoned park and recreation – restricted public access. The area is managed for 0.3 ha NA 1 conservation of flora and fauna.

4043  The entire occurrence is within rural zone (Level 5) 3.1 ha NA 5

 This occurrence is within Bush Forever site 360, which includes reserves managed for the purpose of government requirements and recreation. The entire area is within land Urban and 4347 zoned urban. 3.1 ha infrastructure 2, 4 & 6  Total area of this occurrence intersects with the infrastructure (roads, 18%) and urban (roads) (82%) class of action footprint.

 The entire occurrence is within Bush Forever area 350, a partial area of which is managed for railway purposes. The zoning includes railway, primary regional roads and Urban and 5061 urban. 2.4ha infrastructure (roads 2 and 7  Entire area of this occurrence intersects with the urban (10%) and infrastructure (roads and railway) and railway, 90%) class of action footprint.

 The entire occurrence is within Bush Forever area 350, a partial area of which is Infrastructure (roads 5066 2.6 ha 2 and 7 managed for railway purposes. The zoning includes railway, primary regional roads and and railway)

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Strategic Assessment for the Perth and Peel Regions

Total area of Intersects with a Current level of Occurrence Notable features occurrence (ha) class of action protection*

rural.  Partial area of this occurrence intersects with the infrastructure class of action footprint (roads and railway, 59%)

 This occurrence is on land zoned primary regional roads and rural. 5072  The entire area is managed as a school site and is not within the class of action 0.5 ha NA 5 footprint.

 The entire area intersects with the urban class of action footprint and is managed for 5178 0.6 ha Urban 4 recreation.

18-68

Figure 18-10a (Northern): Known occurrences of Corymbia calophylla - Xanthorrhoea preissii woodlands and shrublands within the Strategic Assessment Area

Yanchep !H

North-west

Bullsbrook !H

Ellenbrook!H

North-east Chidlow !H

Mundaring !H Central

Perth !H

South Metro Peel

0 10 20

Kilometres Legend Kwinana !H Datum/Projection: Strategic Assessment GDA 1994 MGA Zone 50 Data Source: DPaW Area Rockingham !H Occurrence Prepared by: JL Date: 18/11/2015 ± !H !H Figure 18-10b (Southern): Known occurrences of Corymbia calophylla - Xanthorrhoea preissii woodlands and shrublands within the Strategic Assessment Area

Central North-east

Kwinana !H

Rockingham !H

Jarrahdale !H

Serpentine !H

South Metro Peel Mandurah !H

Pinjarra!H

Dwellingup !H

Waroona !H

18.11 SEDGELANDS IN HOLOCENE DUNE SWALES OF THE SOUTHERN SWAN COASTAL PLAIN

TEC BACKGROUND

COMMONWEALTH Listed as Endangered. STATUS

WESTERN Ranked as Critically Endangered under the name ‘Sedgelands in Holocene dune swales of the AUSTRALIAN southern Swan Coastal Plain’ and Community Identifier ‘SCP19’ in the listing of Threatened STATUS Ecological Communities endorsed by the Western Australian Minister for Environment. This

ranking is based on IUCN criteria. Areas of this TEC are referred to as Sedgelands in Holocene Dune Swales of the southern Swan Coastal Plain and Woodlands over Sedgelands in Holocene dune swales of the southern Swan Coastal Plain under WA State Government.

PROFILE The following points provide key information about the ecology and distribution of Sedgelands SUMMARY in Holocene dune swales of the southern Swan Coastal Plain (herein Holocene Dune Swales)  The Holocene Dune Swales occur in linear damplands and occasionally sumplands, between Holocene dunes, predominantly near Rockingham and Golden Bay.  A total of 103 occurrences of the Holocene dune swales have been recorded, the majority of which are located on Quindalup Dunes. The known distribution of the ecological community is approximately 190.50 ha, and is almost entirely located within linear wetland depressions (swales) occurring between parallel sand ridges of the Rockingham-Becher Plain. Additional occurrences of this ecological community include a small area at Yanchep and a small area at Dalyellup.  The Commonwealth has endorsed an Interim Recovery Plan (DEC 2011a) for this ecological community. The objective of the Interim Recovery Plan is to maintain or improve the overall condition of the Sedgelands in Holocene Dune Swales and reduce the level of threat.  All of the 103 occurrences of Sedgelands in Holocene Dune Swales are located within the Strategic Assessment Area and half of these are located entirely within protected areas or Bush Forever Areas.  There are two relevant Threat Abatement Plans for this ecological community: o The Threat Abatement Plan for disease in natural ecosystems caused by Phytophthora cinnamomi (DoE 2014). o The Threat Abatement Plan for competition and land degradation by rabbits (DEWHA 2008a).  There is no Commonwealth Conservation Advice for this ecological community.  All of the occurrences of this ecological community are considered important given it is listed as Endangered. See Table 18-10 and Appendix C for further information.

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TEC MAPPING

APPROACH TO Mapping for the Holocene Dune Swales was undertaken across its range. This mapping MAPPING identifies known occurrences of communities that meet the definition of the community. The general approach to TEC mapping is provided in Section 18.4.

MAPS See Figure 18-12 for a map of known occurrences within the Strategic Assessment Area.

CONSERVATION OBJECTIVES

CONSERVATION The conservation objectives for the Holocene Dune Swales are to: OBJECTIVES  Maintain the long-term viability of the ecological community within the Strategic Assessment Area.  Increase the extent of the ecological community within secure conservation tenure within the Strategic Assessment Area.  Manage offsite threats to the ecological community within the Strategic Assessment Area.

JUSTIFICATION The three conservation objectives for the Holocene Dune Swales have been developed recognising the following key attributes:  The entire area of the TEC occurs within the Strategic Assessment Area.  Within the Strategic Assessment Area, 59 of the 102 occurrences intersect with a class of action footprint.  Within the Strategic Assessment Area, 41 occurrences occur entirely on land that does not currently have reasonable security of tenure for conservation (i.e. outside protected areas or Bush Forever Areas).  Management of offsite threats is critical to the ongoing viability of the ecological community.

STATUS OF THE TEC WITHOUT CONSERVATION COMMITMENTS

OCCURRENCES The Holocene Dune Swales are represented within areas that are sympathetic to IN AREAS conservation. Of the 190.5 ha of the community within the Strategic Assessment Area, SYMPATHETIC TO approximately 115.8 ha, or 60%, of Holocene Dune Swales occurs within areas in Levels 1- 4. CONSERVATION Patch size of these areas range between less than 1 ha and 24 ha. (LEVELS 1-4)  Sixteen occurrences are located entirely within Port Kennedy Scientific Park (Level 1), which corresponds largely with Bush Forever Area 377 and the Becher Point Ramsar site. These occurrences represent 19 ha of the community.  Thirty four occurrences are located entirely within Bush Forever sites 356 and 358 (Level 2). These occurrences represent 70 ha of the community.  One small occurrence exists within Yanchep National Park (602; 0.02 ha).  Five occurrences (0.64 ha) are located entirely on land zoned as parks and recreation in a regional scheme (Level 3), while one occurrence (0.3 ha) occurs entirely on land that is sympathetic to conservation within a local structure plan (Level 4). These occurrences are not considered to have secure conservation tenure.

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 Occurrence 1945 is primarily located within Bush Forever Area 358, however a portion of the community lies on land zoned parks and recreation in a regional scheme (Level 3), which is just outside the Bush Forever Area. This portion is directly adjacent to an existing urban area. See Table 18-10 below for details about each occurrence and Figure 18-11 for an overview of the relative levels of protection.

OCCURRENCES Fifty seven of the 103 occurrences of Holocene Dune Swales within the Strategic Assessment INTERSECTING Area intersect to some degree with a class of action footprint. These occurrences total WITH A CLASS OF approximately 77.3 ha of the community’s 190.5 ha extent within the Strategic Assessment ACTION Area. (LEVELS 6 & 7)  Fifteen occurrences (9.5 ha) of the community intersect with the urban class of action footprint. These include portions of occurrences 629, 630, 631, 636, 637, 638, 639, 950, 1793, 1795, 1914, 1945, 3971, 3972, 4398 (Levels 6 and 7).  Twenty six occurrences intersect partially with the industrial class of action footprint, covering approximately 59.6 ha of the community. This includes occurrences 591, 593, 594, 596, 598, 614, 615, 616, 617, 618, 641, 817, 819, 820, 821, 823, 824, 833, 888, 889, 904, 942, 1908, 1922, 1925, and 1926. o Occurrences 591, 593, 594, 598, 596, 888, 889, 942 and 1908 are buffered by significant areas of vegetation that intersect the industrial and infrastructure class of action footprint. These occurrences are within the Rockingham Industrial Zone project area, which has previously been approved under the EPBC Act (2010/5337). Approval conditions require that at least 18.72 ha of the Holocene Dune Swales community within the Rockingham Industrial Zone is protected within a Conservation Area. The approval also requires approval of an Offset Management Plan which is to address rehabilitation of 9 ha of the community. o The above occurrences are located on currently undeveloped land in close proximity to Bush Forever Areas 349 and 359.  Eighteen occurrences intersect with the infrastructure class of action footprint. This includes portions of occurrences 589, 590, 593, 596,606,619, 620, 630,640, 643, 919, 922, 1946, 1949, 2032. Occurrences 837, 838, 845 occur almost entirely within the infrastructure class of action footprint. These intersects cover a total area of approximately 8.2 ha of the community.  Four of the five largest occurrences of the community (all >10 ha) are located within a class of action footprint. These occurrences are 593 (24.77 ha, industrial and infrastructure footprint), 589 (18.15 ha, urban and infrastructure), 591 (11.75 ha, industrial footprint) and 630 (11.2 ha, urban and infrastructure footprint). See Table 18-10 below for details about each occurrence and Figure 18-11 for an overview of the relative levels of protection.

REMAINING There are no occurrences of the Holocene Dune Swales community that are entirely located in OCCURRENCES remaining areas of the Strategic Assessment Area. Thirteen occurrences are partially within WITHIN THE Level 5 areas, and this area amounts to 4 ha. STRATEGIC See Table 18-10 below for details about each occurrence and Figure 18-11for an overview of ASSESSMENT the relative levels of protection. AREA (LEVEL 5)

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INDIRECT Indirect impacts may affect the Holocene Dune Swales where new development occurs or IMPACTS where existing development intensifies adjacent to or near the TEC. Holocene Dune Swales may be susceptible to the following indirect impacts (DEC 2011a):  hydrological changes;  altered fire regime and weed invasion; and  grazing by native or introduces species. The Holocene Dune Swales require a specific water regime, where the timing and duration of flooding and length of the dry period can affect the vegetation composition. Altered hydrology in the area due to land clearing and urbanisation near many of the occurrences may contribute to an increase in runoff and recharge of the watertable resulting in longer and deeper wetting periods. Too frequent fire regimes or disturbance events have the potential to affect seeding and regeneration of vegetation, as well as increasing the occurrence of weeds. Most occurrences are also close to weed sources such as urban development which can alter vegetation composition in the community. Historically the Rockingham Plain was used as grazing land, and high numbers of rabbits have invaded some occurrences causing damage to vegetation. Management of indirect impacts for occurrences outside of these areas, particularly those to hydrology will be an important aspect of maintaining the long term viability of the Holocene Dune Swales within the Strategic Assessment Area.

WILL THE CONSERVATION OBJECTIVES BE MET WITHOUT CONSERVATION COMMITMENTS?

NEED FOR The conservation objectives of the Holocene Dune Swales Community within the class of CONSERVATION action footprint will not be met without further conservation commitments being incorporated COMMITMENTS into the Strategic Conservation Plan. This is based on:  Fifty seven of the 103 occurrences of the community within the Strategic Assessment Area intersect with a class of action footprint (approximately 77.3 ha), and are at varying degrees of risk from future development.  Management of offsite threats is also critical to the ongoing viability of the ecological community. It should be noted that the over-arching conservation commitments in Action Plan F will provide benefits to the community. These are discussed below along with specific commitments for the Holocene Dune Swales community.

WHAT CONSERVATION COMMITMENTS ARE REQUIRED TO MEET THE CONSERVATION OBJECTIVES?

OVER-ARCHING The relevant over-arching commitments in Action Plan F will provide for: COMMITMENTS  the continued implementation of the Bush Forever Program which will see 42% of the community area retained and protected;  avoidance of direct and indirect impacts to Conservation Category Wetlands which will benefit 44% of the TEC area (with their occurrence in areas such as Becher Point Wetlands and Kenwick Swamp);  have due regard for the planning undertaken during preparation of the Strategic

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Conservation Plan for urban and industrial expansion sites and new rural residential zones;  consider additional opportunities for retention of native vegetation, fauna habitat and wetlands; and  be informed by previous EPA advice and Ministerial Statement conditions, or in the absence of this, detailed investigations, within existing zoned urban and industrial areas.

SPECIFIC In addition to the relevant over-arching commitments, the following specific commitments are CONSERVATION provided for the Holocene Dune Swales community: COMMITMENTS 1. Protect and manage for conservation the following occurrences where they occur in Bush Forever sites:  606, 619, 620, 628, 640, 643, 837, 838, 845, 919, 922, 1949, and 2032 (in Bush Forever site 356)  589, 590, 1945 and 1946 (in Bush Forever site 358) 2. Retain the following occurrences (with consideration of appropriate vegetation buffers) where they may be impacted by the urban or industrial land class of action: 614, 615, 616, 617, 618, 629, 630, 631, 636, 637, 638, 639, 641, 817, 819, 820, 821, 823, 824, 833, 904, 950, 1793, 1795, 1914, 1922, 1925, 1926, 1945, 3971, 3972 and 4398. 3. Minimise impacts to the following occurrences where they may be impacted by the infrastructure class of action: 589, 590, 593, 596, 606, 619, 620, 630, 640, 643, 837, 838, 845, 919, 922, 1946, 1949 and 2032.

OUTCOMES FOR THE TEC

KEY POINTS The outcome for the Holocene Dune Swales community is considered to be acceptable based on:  Direct impacts will be avoided to 69.1 ha of the Holocene Dune Swales community that intersect with the urban and industrial class of action footprint through implementation of conservation commitments.  Impacts to 8.2 ha of the community that intersects with the infrastructure class of action footprint will be minimised through the implementation of the conservation commitments, and the associated infrastructure implementation framework (Action Plan C).  Approximately 4 ha of the community will remain in unsecure tenure (Level 5). These areas of the community will be protected and managed through the application of existing planning and approval processes.  A total of 19.3 ha of the community will remain protected within Level 1 areas. Approximately 96.7 ha will remain within areas sympathetic to conservation (Levels 2 – 4), and where applicable be protected and managed through the relevant over-arching commitments and the application of existing planning and approvals processes. The outcome for the Holocene Dune Swales community is considered to be acceptable, and one that meets the conservation objectives through:  Providing for the long term viability of the community within the Strategic Assessment Area.  Improving the security of tenure for 69.1 ha of the community.

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ADDITIONAL In addition to the conservation commitments, there are a set of additional conservation CONSERVATION measures that will benefit the Holocene Dune Swale community. These measures are MEASURES provided for context and sit outside the direct scope of the Strategic Conservation Plan. They include:  Implementation of the EPBC Act conditions of approval relating to occurrences of Holocene Dune Swale within the Rockingham Industrial Area as outlined in EPBC 2010/5337 (occurrences 591, 593, 594, 596, 598, 888, 889, 942 and 1908).  Ongoing protection of occurrences of the community that sit outside the class of action footprints and protected areas through the application of existing planning and approval processes.  Ongoing implementation of actions to benefit the community. For example, implementation of recovery conservation actions and general management of threats and pressures across the landscape.

CONSISTENCY Conservation outcomes and objectives for Sedgelands in Holocene Dune Swales of the WITH Southern Swan Coastal Plain are not inconsistent with the Commonwealth Recovery Plan or COMMONWEALTH the relevant Threat Abatement Plans. PLANS

Sedgelands in Holocene Dune Swales

5 Level Level ofprotection 6

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% % area in each category

Figure 18-11: Relative levels of protection for Sedgelands in Holocene Dune Swales occurrences

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Table 18-10: Occurrence details for Sedgelands in the Holocene Dune Swales

Occurrence Notable features Total area of Intersects with a Current level of occurrence (ha) class of action protection*

 Entire area within the Port Kennedy Scientific Park, within Bush Forever site 377 24 and managed for conservation of flora and fauna (Level 1) 4.2 ha NA 1  Occurrence is also entirely within Becher Point Ramsar site.

 Entire area within the Port Kennedy Scientific Park, within Bush Forever site 377 25 and managed for conservation of flora and fauna (Level 1). 2 ha NA 1  Occurrence is also entirely within Becher Point Ramsar site.

 Entire area is within Bush Forever site 356, which is zoned parks and recreation NA 26 2.1 ha 2 (Level 2)

 Third largest occurrence within the Strategic Assessment site, making up 9.5% of the total TEC extent.

 Entire area is located within Bush Forever site 358, which is zoned parks and Infrastructure 589 recreation and managed for conservation and public recreation (Level 2). 18.1 ha (pipelines and 2 & 6/7  Dense urban development is adjacent to the occurrence. roads) and urban  This occurrence intersects with the infrastructure (pipelines and existing roads, 13%) and urban (0.4%) class of action footprint.

 Entire occurrence is within bush forever area 358, which is zoned parks and Infrastructure recreation and is managed for conservation and public recreation (Level 2). (roads) 590 0.6 ha 2 & 6/7  Dense urban development is near to the occurrence, with partial area intersecting with the infrastructure class of action footprint (existing roads, 25%).

591  The entire occurrence intersects with the industrial class of action footprint. 11.7 Industrial 6

 Largest occurrence within the Strategic Assessment site, making up 13% of the Industrial and 593 TEC extent. 24.7 5, 6 & 7 infrastructure (rail)  95% of the occurrence intersects with the industrial class of action footprint (Level

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Strategic Assessment for the Perth and Peel Regions

Occurrence Notable features Total area of Intersects with a Current level of occurrence (ha) class of action protection* 6 & 7. the remaining 5% intersects with the infrastructure class of action footprint (rail)

594  Entire occurrence intersects with the industrial class of action footprint. 2.7 ha Industrial 6

 97% of this occurrence intersects with the industrial class of action footprint (Level 6). Industrial and 596  The remaining 3% is zoned public purposes – Waterway Authority of WA (Level 4.5 ha infrastructure 5 & 6 5). (pipelines)  The infrastructure footprint intersects with this occurrence (pipelines).

598  Entire occurrence intersects with the industrial class of action footprint. 2.4 ha Industrial 6 & 7

 602  The entire area of the occurrence is within Bush Forever site 288 which is zoned 0.02 ha NA 1 parks and recreation, and is managed as a national park (Level 1)

 Entire occurrence is within Bush Forever site 356 which is zoned parks and NA 603 0.8 ha 2 recreation, and is managed as a recreational picnic ground (Level 2)

 Entire occurrence is within Bush Forever site 356 which is zoned parks and NA 605 0.7 ha 2 recreation, and is managed as a recreational picnic ground (Level 2)

 Entire occurrence is within Bush Forever site 356 which is zoned parks and recreation, and is managed as a recreational picnic ground (Level 2) Infrastructure 606 0.6 ha 2  A small proportion of this occurrence intersects with the infrastructure class of (roads) action footprint (existing roads, 17%)

614  Entire occurrence intersects with the industrial class of action footprint. 0.2 ha Industrial 6

615  Entire occurrence intersects with the industrial class of action footprint. 0.3 ha Industrial 6

616  Entire occurrence intersects with the industrial class of action footprint. 0.5 ha Industrial 6

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Strategic Assessment for the Perth and Peel Regions

Occurrence Notable features Total area of Intersects with a Current level of occurrence (ha) class of action protection*

617  Entire occurrence intersects with the industrial class of action footprint. 0.1 ha Industrial 6

618  Entire occurrence intersects with the industrial class of action footprint. 0.2 ha Industrial 6

 The entire occurrence is within Bush Forever site 356.  A partial area of this occurrence is zoned parks and recreation, with the remaining Urban and 619 area zoned public purposes – special use. 1.9 ha infrastructure 2 & 6/7  Partial area of the occurrence intersects with the urban (0.05%) infrastructure (wastewater) class of action footprint (wastewater treatment plant, 62%).

 36% of this occurrence is within Bush Forever site 356, is zoned for parks and recreation and managed for turf club and auxiliary (Level 2). Infrastructure 620  The remaining 64% is zoned rural (Level 5) and is divided by a roadway. 1.6 ha 2,5 & 6/7 (road)  The occurrence intersects with the infrastructure class of action footprint (road, 18%)

 Entire occurrence is zoned within Bush Forever site 356 for parks and recreation, NA 621 0.08 ha 2 and is managed for recreation (Level 2)

 Entire occurrence is zoned within Bush Forever site 356 for parks and recreation, NA 622 0.06 ha 2 and is managed for recreation (Level 2)

 Entire area of this occurrence is zoned within Bush Forever site 356 for parks and NA 623 0.09 ha 2 recreation, and is managed for recreation (Level 2)

 Entire area of this occurrence is zoned within Bush Forever site 356 for parks and NA 624 0.2 ha 2 recreation, and is managed for recreation (Level 2)

 Entire area of this occurrence is zoned within Bush Forever site 356 for parks and NA 625 1.4 ha 2 recreation, and is managed for recreation (Level 2)

 Entire area of this occurrence is zoned within Bush Forever site 356 for parks and NA 626 0.5 ha 2 recreation, and is managed for recreation (Level 2)

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Strategic Assessment for the Perth and Peel Regions

Occurrence Notable features Total area of Intersects with a Current level of occurrence (ha) class of action protection*

 Entire area of this occurrence is zoned within Bush Forever site 356 for parks and NA 627 0.5 ha 2 recreation, and is managed for recreation (Level 2)

 56% of this occurrence is zoned within Bush Forever site 356 for parks and recreation, and is managed for recreation. 628 0.3 ha Urban 2,4 & 6/7  The remaining 44% intersects with the urban class of action and is managed for public recreation.

 The entire area of this occurrence intersects with the urban class of action 629 5.7 ha Urban 4 & 7 footprint, within a Crown Reserve managed for public recreation.

 This large occurrence is zoned rural and is adjacent to urban development. Urban and  82% is within a reserve managed for public recreation (Level 4). 630 11.2 ha infrastructure 4, 5 & 7  A portion of the occurrence intersects with urban (5%) and infrastructure (existing (road) roads, 0.4%) class of action footprint.

 The entire occurrence intersects with the urban class of action footprint and is 631 0.2 ha Urban 7 adjacent to a golf course.

 The entire occurrence intersects with the urban class of action footprint and is Urban 632 0.3 ha 4 & 6/7 within a Crown Reserve managed for public recreation (Level 4)

 The entire occurrence intersects with the urban class of action footprint within a Urban 634 0.1 ha 2 & 6/7 Crown Reserve managed for public recreation and conservation (Level 2)

 The entire occurrence intersects with the urban class of action footprint within a Urban 636 1.7 ha 2 & 6/7 Crown Reserve managed for public recreation and conservation (Level 2)

 The entire area of this occurrence intersects with the urban class of action Urban footprint and is zoned public purposes – special uses (Level 6) 637 0.6 ha 6  This occurrence is adjacent to roadway and urban development.  Occurrences 637, 638, 639 are within close proximity to each other and are

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Occurrence Notable features Total area of Intersects with a Current level of occurrence (ha) class of action protection* adjacent to the Port Kennedy Golf Course. These occurrences are buffered by surrounding vegetation that entirely intersects the urban class of action footprint.

 The entire area of this occurrence intersects with the urban class of action Urban footprint and is zoned public purposes – special uses (Level 6).  This occurrence is adjacent to roadway and urban development. 638 3.8 ha 6  Occurrences 637, 638, 639 are within close proximity to each other and are adjacent to the Port Kennedy Golf Course. These occurrences are buffered by surrounding vegetation that entirely intersects the urban class of action footprint.

 The entire area of this occurrence intersects with the urban class of action Urban footprint and is zoned public purposes – special uses (Level 6).  The occurrence is near to roadway and urban development. 639 1.8 ha 6  Occurrences 637, 638, 639 are within close proximity to each other and are adjacent to the Port Kennedy Golf Course. These occurrences are buffered by surrounding vegetation that entirely intersects the urban class of action footprint.

 The entire occurrence is within Bush Forever Area 356 and is zoned parks and recreation (Level 2). Infrastructure 640 1.1 ha 2 & 7  This occurrence intersects with infrastructure class of action footprint (transmission line) (transmission line corridor, 23%)

 The entire area of this occurrence intersects with the industrial class of action Industrial 641 0.2 ha 6 footprint.

 The entire occurrence is within Bush Forever Area 356 and is zoned parks and NA 642 0.06 ha 2 recreation.

 21% of this occurrence is located within Bush Forever Area 356 and is zoned Infrastructure 643 parks and recreation 0.2 ha 2,5 & 6/7 (roads)  The remaining 79% is zoned other regional roads (Level 5)

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Strategic Assessment for the Perth and Peel Regions

Occurrence Notable features Total area of Intersects with a Current level of occurrence (ha) class of action protection*  A large proportion of this occurrence intersects with the infrastructure class of action footprint (existing roads, 94%)

 Entire occurrence is within the Port Kennedy Scientific Park. This is located in NA Bush Forever Area 377, zoned as parks and recreation and managed for 772 0.9 ha 1 conservation of flora and fauna (Level 1).  Occurrence is also entirely within Becher Point Ramsar site.

 Entire occurrence is within the Port Kennedy Scientific Park. This is located in NA Bush Forever Area 377, zoned as parks and recreation and managed for 794 0.5 ha 1 conservation of flora and fauna (Level 1).  Occurrence is also entirely within Becher Point Ramsar site.

 Entire occurrence is within the Port Kennedy Scientific Park. This is located in NA Bush Forever Area 377, zoned as parks and recreation and managed for 795 0.8 ha 1 conservation of flora and fauna (Level 1).  Occurrence is also entirely within Becher Point Ramsar site.

 Entire occurrence is within the Port Kennedy Scientific Park. This is located in NA Bush Forever Area 377, zoned as parks and recreation and managed for 796 1.9 ha 1 conservation of flora and fauna (Level 1).  Occurrence is also entirely within Becher Point Ramsar site.

 Entire occurrence is within the Port Kennedy Scientific Park. This is located in NA Bush Forever Area 377, zoned as parks and recreation and managed for 799 0.3 ha 1 conservation of flora and fauna (Level 1).  Occurrence is also entirely within Becher Point Ramsar site.

817  Entire occurrence intersects with the industrial class of action footprint. 0.05 ha Industrial 6

819  Entire occurrence intersects with the industrial class of action footprint. 0.05 ha Industrial 6

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Strategic Assessment for the Perth and Peel Regions

Occurrence Notable features Total area of Intersects with a Current level of occurrence (ha) class of action protection*

820  Entire occurrence intersects with the industrial class of action footprint. 0.05 ha Industrial 6

821  Entire occurrence intersects with the industrial class of action footprint. 0.1 ha Industrial 6

823  Entire occurrence intersects with the industrial class of action footprint. 0.06 ha Industrial 6

824  Entire occurrence intersects with the industrial class of action footprint. 0.2 ha Industrial 6

 Entire occurrence is within the Port Kennedy Scientific Park. This is located in Bush Forever Area 377, zoned as parks and recreation and managed for 832 0.6 ha NA 1 conservation of flora and fauna (Level 1).  Occurrence is also entirely within Becher Point Ramsar site.

833  Entire occurrence intersects with the industrial class of action footprint ( 0.07 ha Industrial 6

 The entire occurrence is within Bush Forever Area 356, which is zoned parks and NA 836 0.13 ha 2 recreation.

 The entire area of this occurrence is within Bush Forever Area 356, which is Infrastructure zoned public purposes – special uses. 837 0.4 ha (wastewater 2 & 7  The entire area intersects with the industrial class of action footprint (wastewater treatment) treatment plant)

 The entire occurrence is within bush forever area 356 and zoned public purposes Infrastructure – special uses. 838 1.1 ha (wastewater 2 & 7  The entire area intersects with the industrial class of action footprint (waste water treatment) treatment plant)

 The entire occurrence is within bush forever area 356 and zoned public purposes Infrastructure – special uses. 845 0.08 ha (wastewater 2 & 7  The entire area intersects with the industrial class of action footprint (waste water treatment) treatment plant)

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Strategic Assessment for the Perth and Peel Regions

Occurrence Notable features Total area of Intersects with a Current level of occurrence (ha) class of action protection*

 Entire occurrence is within the Port Kennedy Scientific Park. This is located in NA Bush Forever Area 377, which is zoned as parks and recreation and managed for 887 6.5 ha 1 conservation of flora and fauna (Level 1).  Occurrence is also entirely within Becher Point Ramsar site.

888  Entire occurrence intersects with the industrial class of action footprint. 4.2 ha Industrial 6

889  Entire occurrence intersects with the industrial class of action footprint. 4.5 ha Industrial 6

 The entire occurrence is within Bush Forever Area 356 and is zoned parks and NA 902 0.09 ha 2 recreation.

 The entire occurrence is within Bush Forever Area 356 and is zoned parks and NA 903 0.1 ha 2 recreation.

904  Entire occurrence intersects with the industrial class of action footprint. 0.04 ha Industrial 6

 This occurrence is within Bush Forever Area 356 and is zoned parks and Infrastructure recreation. 919 0.9 ha (transmission line 2 & 7  The occurrence intersects with the infrastructure class of action footprint corridor) (transmission line corridor 24%)

 This occurrence is within Bush Forever Area 356 and is zoned parks and NA 920 0.9 ha 2 recreation.

 Second largest occurrence, making up 12.8% of the TEC. Infrastructure (rail)  Entire area is within Bush Forever Area 356 and is zoned parks and recreation. Lies adjacent to a national park (Level 1) on right and dense urban development, 922 24.4 ha 2 & 7 railway and primary regional road zoning on left.  A small proportion of this occurrence intersects with the infrastructure class of action footprint (existing rail, 0.06%)

941  Entire area of this occurrence is within the Port Kennedy Scientific Park. This is 0.08 ha NA 1

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Strategic Assessment for the Perth and Peel Regions

Occurrence Notable features Total area of Intersects with a Current level of occurrence (ha) class of action protection* located in Bush Forever Area 377, zoned as parks and recreation and managed for conservation of flora and fauna (Level 1).  Occurrence is also entirely within Becher Point Ramsar site.

942  Entire occurrence intersects with the industrial class of action footprint. 2.2 ha Industrial 6

 Entire area of this occurrence is within the Port Kennedy Scientific Park. This is located in Bush Forever Area 377, zoned as parks and recreation and managed 943 0.7 ha NA 1 for conservation of flora and fauna (Level 1).  Occurrence is also entirely within Becher Point Ramsar site.

 Entire area of this occurrence is within the Port Kennedy Scientific Park. This is located in Bush Forever Area 377, zoned as parks and recreation and managed 944 0.1 ha NA 1 for conservation of flora and fauna (Level 1).  Occurrence is also entirely within Becher Point Ramsar site.

 Entire area of this occurrence is within the Port Kennedy Scientific Park. This is located in Bush Forever Area 377, zoned as parks and recreation and managed 945 0.08 ha NA 1 for conservation of flora and fauna (Level 1).  Occurrence is also entirely within Becher Point Ramsar site.

 Entire area of this occurrence is within the Port Kennedy Scientific Park. This is located in Bush Forever Area 377, zoned as parks and recreation and managed 946 0.2 ha NA 1 for conservation of flora and fauna (Level 1).  Occurrence is also entirely within Becher Point Ramsar site.

 Entire area of this occurrence is within the Port Kennedy Scientific Park. This is located in Bush Forever Area 377, zoned as parks and recreation and managed 947 0.07 ha NA 1 for conservation of flora and fauna (Level 1).  Occurrence is also entirely within Becher Point Ramsar site.

949  Entire area of this occurrence is within the Port Kennedy Scientific Park. This is 0.2 ha NA 1

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Strategic Assessment for the Perth and Peel Regions

 This occurrence is zoned public purposes – special uses and intersects with urban class of action footprint.  This occurrence is adjacent to Bush Forever Area 377 and Becher Point Ramsar 950 0.9 ha Urban 6 site.  Occurrence 950 is buffered by vegetation that is intersected by the urban class of action footprint and is outside Bush Forever Area 377.

1793  Entire occurrence intersects with the urban class of action footprint. 0.3 ha Urban 6

1795  Entire occurrence intersects with the urban class of action footprint. 0.06 ha Urban 6

1908  Entire occurrence intersects with the industrial class of action footprint. 2.7 ha Industrial 6

1914  Entire occurrence intersects with the urban class of action footprint. 0.2 ha Urban 7

1922  Entire occurrence intersects with the industrial class of action footprint. 0.06 ha Industrial 6

1925  Entire occurrence intersects with the industrial class of action footprint. 0.4 ha Industrial 6

1926  Entire occurrence intersects with the industrial class of action footprint. 0.03 ha Industrial 6

 The majority of this occurrence is within Bush Forever Area 358, zoned parks and recreation and is managed for conservation and public recreation (Level 2). 1945  The remainder is zoned parks and recreation and lies adjacent to dense urban 6.3 ha Urban 2 and 3 development (Level 3), with a small proportion of its area (1.8%) intersecting with the urban class of action footprint.

 This occurrence is within Bush Forever site 358, zoned parks and recreation and Infrastructure 1946 is within a Crown Reserve managed for public recreation. 3.1 ha (roads) 2 & 7  A proportion of this occurrence intersects with the infrastructure class of action 18-86

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Occurrence Notable features Total area of Intersects with a Current level of occurrence (ha) class of action protection* footprint (existing roads, 4%)

 94% of this occurrence is within Bush Forever site 356 and is zoned parks and recreation (Level 2). The remaining 6% is zoned railways (Level 5) 1949 1.8 ha Infrastructure (rail) 2, 5 & 6/7  A small proportion of this occurrence intersects with the infrastructure class of action footprint (existing rail, 4%)

1950  This occurrence is within Bush Forever site 356 and parks and recreation zone. 3 ha NA 2

1951  This occurrence is within Bush Forever site 356 and parks and recreation zone. 4.8 ha NA 2

 This occurrence is within Bush Forever site 356, zoned as parks and recreation NA 2027 0.3 ha 2 and is within a Crown Reserve managed for turf club auxiliary & recreation.

 This occurrence is within Bush Forever site 356, zoned as parks and recreation NA 2028 0.3 ha 2 and is within a Crown Reserve managed for turf club auxiliary.

 This occurrence is within Bush Forever site 356 and parks and recreation zone. Infrastructure 2032  A proportion of this occurrence intersects with the infrastructure class of action 1.1 ha (roads) 2 & 7 footprint (existing roads, 2.7%)

2033  This occurrence is within Bush Forever site 356 and parks and recreation zone. 0.1 ha NA 2

 This occurrence is within Bush Forever site 356, a parks and recreation and zone NA 2034 0.2 ha 2 and is within a Crown Reserve managed for turf club auxiliary.

2035  This occurrence is within Bush Forever site 356 and parks and recreation zone. 0.2 ha NA 2

3422  This occurrence is zoned as parks and recreation (Level 3). 0.02 ha NA 3

3968  This occurrence is zoned as parks and recreation (Level 3). 0.03 ha NA 3

 This occurrence is zoned as parks and recreation, with a portion within a Crown NA 3969 0.5 ha 3 Reserve managed for public recreation.

3970  This occurrence is zoned as parks and recreation. 0.05 ha NA 3

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Strategic Assessment for the Perth and Peel Regions

Occurrence Notable features Total area of Intersects with a Current level of occurrence (ha) class of action protection*

 The entire area of this occurrence intersects with the urban class of action Urban 3971 0.03 ha 6 footprint.

 The entire area of this occurrence intersects with the urban class of action Urban 3972 0.07 ha 6 footprint.

3983  This occurrence is zoned as parks and recreation (Level 3). 0.04 ha NA 3

 This occurrence is within a rural zone. 4398  The majority of this occurrence intersects with the urban class of action footprint 0.4 ha Urban 5 and 7 (95%)

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Figure 18-12: Known occurrences of Sedgelands in the!H Holocene Dune Swales within the Strategic Assessment Area

Rockingham !H

Serpentine !H

Mandurah !H

Pinjarra !H

Waroona !H 0 6 12 Legend Kilometres Datum/Projection: Strategic Assessment GDA 1994 MGA Zone 50 Area Data Source: DPaW Occurrence Prepared by: JL Date: 18/11/2015 ± Strategic Assessment for the Perth and Peel Regions

18.12 SHRUBLANDS AND WOODLANDS OF THE EASTERN SWAN COASTAL PLAIN

TEC BACKGROUND

COMMONWEALTH Listed as Endangered. STATUS

WESTERN Ranked as Critically Endangered under the name ‘Shrublands and woodlands of the eastern AUSTRALIAN side of the Swan Coastal Plain’ and Community Identifier ‘SCP20c’ in the listing of Threatened STATUS Ecological Communities endorsed by the Western Australian Minister for Environment. This

ranking is based on Western Australian criteria

PROFILE The following points provide key information about the ecology and distribution of Shrublands SUMMARY and Woodlands of the Eastern Side of the Swan Coastal Plain:  The Shrublands and Woodlands of the Eastern Side of the Swan Coastal Plain occur on the eastern side of the Swan Coastal Plain in the foothills of the Darling Scarp.  A total of five occurrences of the ecological community have been recorded, covering an area of approximately 124 ha from Stratton in the north to Maddington in the south  The Commonwealth has endorsed an Interim Recovery Plan (English, V. & J. Blyth, 2000c) for this ecological community. The objective of the Interim Recovery Plan is to maintain or improve the overall condition of the community and reduce the level of threat.  All five of the known occurrences of the Shrublands and Woodlands of the Eastern Side of the Swan Coastal Plain occur within the Strategic Assessment Area.  There are three relevant Threat Abatement Plans for this ecological community: o The Threat Abatement Plan for disease in natural ecosystems caused by Phytophthora cinnamomi (DoE 2014). o The Threat Abatement Plan for competition and land degradation by rabbits (DEWHA 2008a). o The Threat Abatement Plan for predation, habitat degradation, competition and disease transmission by feral pigs (Department of Environment and Heritage 2005a).  There is no Commonwealth Conservation Advice for this ecological community.  All of the occurrences of the ecological community are considered important given it is listed as Endangered. See Appendix C for further information.

TEC MAPPING

APPROACH TO Mapping for Shrublands and Woodlands of the Eastern Side of the Swan Coastal Plain was MAPPING undertaken across its range. This mapping identifies known occurrences of communities that meet the definition of the community. The general approach to TEC mapping is provided in Section 18.4.

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MAPS See Figure 18-14 for a map of known occurrences within the Strategic Assessment Area.

CONSERVATION OBJECTIVES

CONSERVATION The conservation objectives for Shrublands and Woodlands of the Eastern Side of the Swan OBJECTIVES Coastal Plain are to:  Maintain the long-term viability of the ecological community within the Strategic Assessment Area.  Increase the extent of the ecological community within secure conservation tenure within the Strategic Assessment Area.  Manage offsite threats to the ecological community within the Strategic Assessment Area.

JUSTIFICATION The conservation objectives for the Shrublands and Woodlands of the Eastern Side of the Swan Coastal Plain have been developed recognising the following key attributes:  All of the known occurrences of the community occur in the Strategic Assessment Area.  Four of the known occurrences intersect with the classes of action (including one currently under EPBC Act consideration).  Offsite threats may be exacerbated by future development and have the potential to adversely affect the ecological community.

STATUS OF THE TEC WITHOUT CONSERVATION COMMITMENTS

OCCURRENCES IN Four of the five occurrences of Shrublands and Woodlands of the Eastern Side of the Swan AREAS Coastal Plain are located within an area that is sympathetic to conservation, comprising SYMPATHETIC TO approximately 118.6 ha of the 124 ha extent of the community within the Strategic Assessment CONSERVATION Area. (LEVELS 1-4)  Four occurrences of the community (32, 33, 747 and 659) are located almost entirely within the Talbot Road Nature Reserve or Bush Forever sites (Levels 1 and 2 respectively). o Approximately 38.8 ha of occurrence 32 is located in Talbot Road Nature Reserve (Level 1), which is managed for conservation of flora and fauna. Approximately 26.3 ha is also located in Bush Forever Area 306 (Level 2). A small area of this occurrence (1.5 ha) intersects with the urban class of action. o The majority of occurrence 33 (45.8 ha) is located within Bush Forever Area 213 (Level 2), which is freehold land zoned parks and recreation. Approximately 0.1 ha of this occurrence occurs within a Level 4 area. o Occurrence 747 (6.5 ha) is located within Bush Forever Area 481 (Level 2), which is zoned rural and primary regional roads. This site is surrounded by existing and future development and is considered at potential risk due to the Roe-Great Eastern Hwy Grade Separation Project. Approximately 0.1 ha intersects with the industrial class of action. o Occurrence 659 (0.8 ha) is located in Bush Forever Area 50 (Level 2), which is zoned rural and primary regional roads. A small area of 0.04 ha of this occurrence

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Strategic Assessment for the Perth and Peel Regions

intersects the industrial class of action footprint. See Table 18-11 below for details about each occurrence and Figure 18-13 for an overview of the relative levels of protection.

OTHER Four of the five occurrences of Shrublands and Woodlands of the Eastern Side of the Swan OCCURRENCES Coastal Plain within the Strategic Assessment Area intersect with the classes of action INTERSECTING footprint. These include occurrences 32, 747, 659 (discussed above) and 4893. WITH A CLASS OF Occurrence 4893 (4.6 ha) is located entirely within the urban class of action footprint, and is ACTION currently under consideration under the EPBC Act (2013/6983). It is expected that 3.0 ha will (LEVELS 6 & 7) be cleared and 1.4 ha will be avoided, retained and protected. See Table 18-11 below for details about each occurrence and Figure 18-13 for an overview of the relative levels of protection.

REMAINING Approximately 0.2 ha of the Shrublands and Woodlands of the Eastern Side of the Swan OCCURRENCES Coastal Plain community is located within unsecure tenure (Level 5). This area occurs on the WITHIN THE boundary of occurrence 33. STRATEGIC See Table 18-11 below for details about each occurrence and Figure 18-13 for an overview of ASSESSMENT the relative levels of protection. AREA (LEVEL 5)

INDIRECT Indirect impacts may affect the Shrublands and Woodlands of the Eastern Side of the Swan IMPACTS Coastal Plain where new development occurs or where existing development intensifies adjacent to or near the TEC. Shrublands and Woodlands of the Eastern Side of the Swan Coastal Plain may be susceptible to the following indirect impacts (English, V. & J. Blyth, 2000c):  disease introduction (Phytophthora dieback),  pollution and erosion; and  invasive species. The TEC appears to be quite susceptible to dieback, and the pathogen is common in some occurrences. Water from urban areas is known to move into some habitat and may amplify the occurrence of dieback which causes loss of species and altered structure and composition of vegetation. With occurrences near urban development, pollution of surface waters from fertilisers and animal droppings can increase nutrients and weed invasion. Drainage into the Talbot Road bushland is also known to cause erosion and redisposition of topsoil which may also affect structure and composition of vegetation. In areas with enhanced understory, an increased number of rabbits have been observed. Their presence has further implications on vegetation composition through selective grazing of palatable species and the spread of weeds. Management of indirect impacts to occurrences within the Strategic Assessment Area will be an important aspect of maintaining the long term viability of the Shrublands and Woodlands of the Eastern Side of the Swan Coastal Plain community.

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Strategic Assessment for the Perth and Peel Regions

WILL THE CONSERVATION OBJECTIVES BE MET WITHOUT CONSERVATION COMMITMENTS?

NEED FOR The conservation objectives of the Shrublands and Woodlands of the Eastern Side of the CONSERVATION Swan Coastal Plain will not be met for occurrences within the class of action footprint without COMMITMENTS further conservation commitments being incorporated into the Strategic Conservation Plan. This is based on:  Four of the five occurrences of the community intersect the classes of action footprint.  Portions of occurrences 32, 33, 659 and 747, are considered at risk from future development (urban, industrial and infrastructure).  Management of offsite threats is critical to the ongoing viability of the ecological community. It should be noted that the over-arching conservation commitments in Action Plan F will provide benefits to the community. These are discussed below along with specific commitments for the Shrublands and Woodlands of the Eastern Side of the Swan Coastal Plain community.

WHAT CONSERVATION COMMITMENTS ARE REQUIRED TO MEET THE CONSERVATION OBJECTIVES?

OVER-ARCHING The relevant over-arching commitments in Action Plan F will provide for: COMMITMENTS  the continued implementation of the Bush Forever Program will protect areas of the community currently in Bush Forever sites;  avoidance of direct and indirect impacts to areas of the community within Conservation Category Wetlands;  minimisation of impacts resulting from infrastructure development through the implementation of the infrastructure impact assessment process (in Action Plan C); and  consideration of additional opportunities for retention of native vegetation, fauna habitat and wetlands.

CONSERVATION In addition to the relevant over-arching commitments, the following specific commitments are COMMITMENTS provided for the Shrublands and Woodlands of the Eastern Side of the Swan Coastal Plain: 1. Protect and manage for conservation the following occurrences where they occur in Bush Forever sites:  32 (in Bush Forever site 306)  659 (in Bush Forever site 53)  747 (in Bush Forever site 481) 2. Retain the following occurrences (with consideration of appropriate vegetation buffers) where they may be impacted by the urban or industrial land class of action: 32 and 747. 3. Minimise impacts to the following occurrence where it may be impacted by the infrastructure class of action: 659.

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Strategic Assessment for the Perth and Peel Regions

OUTCOMES FOR THE TEC

KEY POINTS The outcome for Shrublands and Woodlands of the Eastern Side of the Swan Coastal Plain is considered to be acceptable based on:  Direct impacts will be avoided to 1.6 ha of the community intersecting with the urban and industrial class of action footprint through the implementation of specific conservation commitments that will retain these areas.  Part of one occurrence (659) intersects with the infrastructure class of action footprint. Impacts to this occurrence will be minimised through the implementation of the conservation commitments, and the associated infrastructure implementation framework (Action Plan C).  A total of 38.9 ha of the community (occurrence 32) will remain protected within the Talbot Road Nature Reserve (Level 1). Approximately 33.6 ha will also be protected within Bush Forever sites through the implementation of the conservation commitments to protect and manage these areas. A further 46 ha will remain within lands sympathetic to conservation.  An area of 4.6 ha (occurrence 4893) is currently being assessed under the EPBC Act (2013/6983) and will be subject to the outcome of the assessment. The outcome for the community is considered to be acceptable, and one that meets the conservation objectives through providing for the long term viability of the community within the Strategic Assessment Area.

ADDITIONAL In addition to the conservation commitments, there are a set of additional conservation CONSERVATION measures that will benefit the species. These measures are provided for context and sit MEASURES outside the direct scope of the Strategic Conservation Plan. They include:  Ongoing implementation of actions to benefit the community. For example, implementation of recovery conservation actions and general management of threats and pressures across the landscape.  Implementation of the EPBC Act assessment outcome for the community in relation to occurrence 4893 (EPBC 2013/6983).

CONSISTENCY Conservation outcomes and objectives for this ecological community are not inconsistent with WITH the Commonwealth Recovery Plan (English, V. & J. Blyth, 2000c) or the relevant Threat COMMONWEALTH Abatement Plans. PLANS

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Strategic Assessment for the Perth and Peel Regions

Schrublands and Woodlands of the Eastern Swan Coastal Plain

Level ofprotection 6

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% % area in each category

Figure 18-13: Relative levels of protection for Shrublands and woodlands of the Eastern Side of the Swan Coastal Plain occurrences

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Strategic Assessment for the Perth and Peel Regions

Table 18-11: Occurrence details for Shrublands and Woodlands of the Eastern Side of the Swan Coastal Plain

Occurrence Notable features Total area of Intersects with a Current level of occurrence (ha) class of action protection*

 Largest occurrence, with 97.5% of its area within the Talbot Road Nature Reserve and Bush Forever site 306 (Levels 1 and 2). 32  Approximately 30% of the area of this occurrence is located within class of action footprint 66 ha Urban 1, 2, 6 & 7 (urban – cemeteries reserve).  This occurrence is also surrounded by high density housing development.

 Large occurrence, with 99.5% within Bush Forever site 213. 33 46 ha NA 2  Currently being transferred into the conservation estate

 Small occurrence, with 96% within Bush Forever site 53. Infrastructure 659  Part of this occurrence and surrounding vegetation buffer is intersects with the infrastructure 0.8 ha 2 & 7 (roads) class of action footprint.

 99% of this occurrence is within Bush Forever site 481. 747  A small part of this occurrence and surrounding vegetation buffer is intersects with the 6.6 ha Industrial 2 & 7 industrial class of action footprint.

 The occurrence is entirely within the urban class of action footprint and subject to an existing EPBC Act approval process. 4893 4.6 ha Urban 6  Currently surrounded by dense housing development and roads and adjacent vegetation that connects to Bush Forever Area 306.

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Figure 18-14: Known occurrences of Shrublands and Woodlands of the Eastern Side of the Swan Coastal Plain within the Strategic Assessment Area

Bullsbrook !H

Ellenbrook !H

Chidlow !H

Mundaring !H

Perth !H

0 6 12 Legend Kilometres Datum/Projection: KwinanaStrategic!H Assessment GDA 1994 MGA Zone 50 Area Data Source: DPaW Occurrence Prepared by: SM Date: 18/11/2015 ±

!H Strategic Assessment for the Perth and Peel Regions

18.13 SHRUBLANDS AND WOODLANDS ON MUCHEA LIMESTONE OF THE SWAN COASTAL PLAIN

TEC BACKGROUND

COMMONWEALTH Listed as Endangered. STATUS

WESTERN Ranked as Endangered under the name ‘Shrublands and woodlands on Muchea Limestone’ AUSTRALIAN and Community Identifier ‘Muchea Limestone’ in the listing of Threatened Ecological STATUS Communities endorsed by the Western Australian Minister for Environment. This ranking is

based on Western Australian ranking criteria.

PROFILE The following points provide key information about the ecology and distribution of the SUMMARY Shrublands and Woodlands on Muchea Limestone of the Swan Coastal Plain (herein Shrublands and Woodlands on Muchea Limestone):  Shrublands and Woodlands on Muchea Limestone occur on the heavy soils of the eastern side of the Swan Coastal Plain. The best developed limestone occurs near Gingin, where the plant community is located on shallow black clay or sandy clay soils on limestone.  The Commonwealth has endorsed an Interim Recovery Plan (English, V. & J. Blyth, 2000d) for this ecological community. The objective of the Interim Recovery Plan is to maintain or improve the overall condition of the community and reduce the level of threat.  A total of 11 of the 16 occurrences of Shrublands and Woodlands on Muchea Limestone are located within the Strategic Assessment Area, covering approximately 79 ha.  There are two relevant Threat Abatement Plans for this ecological community: o The Threat Abatement Plan for disease in natural ecosystems caused by Phytophthora cinnamomi (DoE 2014). o The Threat Abatement Plan for competition and land degradation by rabbits (DEWHA 2008a).  There is no Commonwealth Conservation Advice for this ecological community.  All of the occurrences of the ecological community are considered important given it is listed as Endangered. See Appendix C for further information.

TEC MAPPING

APPROACH TO Mapping for Shrublands and Woodlands on Muchea Limestone was undertaken across its MAPPING range. This mapping identifies known occurrences of communities that meet the definition of the community. The general approach to TEC mapping is provided in Section 18.4.

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MAPS See Figure 18-16 for a map of known occurrences within the northern part of the Strategic Assessment Area. See Figure 18-16 for a map of known occurrences within the southern part of the Strategic Assessment Area.

CONSERVATION OBJECTIVES

CONSERVATION The conservation objectives for Shrublands and Woodlands on Muchea Limestone are to: OBJECTIVES  Maintain the long-term viability of the ecological community within the Strategic Assessment Area.  Increase the extent of the ecological community within secure conservation tenure within the Strategic Assessment Area.  Manage offsite threats to the ecological community within the Strategic Assessment Area.

JUSTIFICATION The conservation objectives for the Shrublands and Woodlands on Muchea Limestone community have been developed recognising the following key attributes:  The majority of the community (occurrences and area) occur within the Strategic Assessment Area.  Within the Strategic Assessment Area, the largest three patches of the community are located within Level 1 reserves or Bush Forever Areas (Level 2).  One patch (Occurrence 40) appears to have already been impacted by development to some degree.  Two of the occurrences intersect with the classes of action footprint.  Offsite threats from development may be exacerbated and have the potential to adversely affect the ecological community.

STATUS OF THE TEC WITHOUT SCP CONSERVATION COMMITMENTS

OCCURRENCES Ten of the eleven occurrences of Shrublands and Woodlands on Muchea Limestone within the IN AREAS Strategic Assessment Area are located within an area that is sympathetic to conservation. SYMPATHETIC TO These areas comprise approximately 56.1 ha of the 79 ha of the extent of the community CONSERVATION within the Strategic Assessment Area. (LEVELS 1-4)  Occurrence 40 is located within a Level 1 protected area, and covers an area of 17.5 ha. Approximately 16.3 ha of the community intersects with the urban class of action footprint, however, this area has previously been cleared. Approximately 2ha is within a Level 4 area, and 0.5 ha is within a Level 5 area.  Occurrence 780 is mostly located within Bush Forever site 465 (freehold land zoned parks and recreation and managed for public recreation) with 15.5 ha of the occurrence within the site. Approximately 0.7 ha of the community is within unsecure tenure (Level 5).  Occurrence 933 is located entirely within Bush Forever Area 294. This area is zoned for public purposes and is managed by the Commonwealth Government as part of the RAAF airbase. This occurrence is approximately 13 ha in area.  The seven smallest occurrences of the community occur within lands currently zoned

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Strategic Assessment for the Perth and Peel Regions

rural, which are considered to be sympathetic to conservation (Level 4). These include occurrences 4067, 4068, 4082, 4071, 4077, 4079, 5075 and comprise an area of approximately 8 ha. See Table 18-12 below for details about each occurrence and Figure 18-15 for an overview of the relative levels of protection.

OTHER Two of the eleven occurrences of Shrublands and Woodlands on Muchea Limestone OCCURRENCES community within the Strategic Assessment Area intersect with a class of action footprint. INTERSECTING Occurrence 40, discussed above, intersects with the urban class of action, however appears WITH A CLASS OF to have already been cleared. Occurrence 1878 (5.7 ha) occurs within the urban (0.2 ha) and ACTION infrastructure (5.5 ha) classes of action footprints. (LEVELS 6 & 7) See Table 18-12 below for details about each occurrence and Figure 18-15 for an overview of the relative levels of protection.

REMAINING Areas of occurrences 40 and 780 are located within Level 5 areas. These areas total OCCURRENCES approximately 1.2 ha and are considered to be within unsecure tenure. WITHIN THE See Table 18-12 below for details about each occurrence and Figure 18-15 for an overview of STRATEGIC the relative levels of protection. ASSESSMENT

AREA (LEVEL 5)

INDIRECT Indirect impacts may affect the Shrublands and Woodlands on Muchea Limestone where new IMPACTS development occurs or where existing development intensifies adjacent to or near the community. Shrublands and Woodlands on Muchea Limestone may be susceptible to the following indirect impacts (English, V. & J. Blyth, 2000d):  hydrological changes; and  weed invasion. Shrublands and Woodlands on Muchea Limestone typically occur on soils that are seasonally inundated for up to three months, with heavy dry cracking clays in summer. Disturbance to this hydrological regime has the potential to alter species distribution within the community. Occurrences in contact with surface and groundwater would be most affected by groundwater extraction, particularly in the summer months. Occurrences near urban areas may be impacted by increased recharge as a result of run-off. Weed invasion is also of concern for the community, particularly for those occurrences near urban or agricultural areas, which may increase the likelihood of the spread of weeds. Existing tracks through occurrences of the community have become weed infested. Management of these indirect impacts will be an important aspect of maintaining the long term viability of the Shrublands and Woodlands on Muchea Limestone within the Strategic Assessment Area.

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WILL THE CONSERVATION OBJECTIVES BE MET WITHOUT CONSERVATION COMMITMENTS?

NEED FOR The conservation objectives for the Shrublands and Woodlands on Muchea Limestone CONSERVATION community will not be met without conservation commitments being incorporated into the COMMITMENTS Strategic Conservation Plan. This is based on:  Two occurrences (40 and 1878) of the community totalling 22 ha intersect with the classes of action footprints. 16.3 ha of this intersect has already been cleared within occurrence 40. 5.7 ha of occurrence 1878 remains at risk from future development.  Approximately 1.2 ha of the community occurs within unsecure tenure (Level 5).  Management of offsite threats is also critical to the ongoing viability of the ecological community. It should be noted that the over-arching conservation commitments in Action Plan F will provide benefits to the community. These are discussed below along with specific commitments for the Shrublands and Woodlands on Muchea Limestone community.

WHAT CONSERVATION COMMITMENTS ARE REQUIRED TO MEET THE CONSERVATION OBJECTIVES?

OVER- ARCHING The relevant over-arching commitments in Action Plan F will provide for: COMMITMENTS  the continued implementation of the Bush Forever Program will protect areas of the community currently in Bush Forever sites;  avoidance of direct and indirect impacts to areas of the community within Conservation Category Wetlands;  minimisation of impacts resulting from infrastructure development through the implementation of the infrastructure impact assessment process (in Action Plan C); and  consideration of additional opportunities for retention of native vegetation, fauna habitat and wetlands.

CONSERVATION In addition to the relevant over-arching commitments, the following specific commitments are COMMITMENTS provided for the Shrublands and Woodlands on Muchea Limestone: 1. Retain the following occurrence (with consideration of appropriate vegetation buffers) where it may be impacted by the urban or industrial land class of action: 1878. 2. Minimise impacts to the following occurrence where it may be impacted by the infrastructure class of action: 1878.

OUTCOMES FOR THE TEC

KEY POINTS The outcome for Shrublands and Woodlands on Muchea Limestone community is considered to be acceptable based on:  Direct impacts will be avoided to one occurrence of the community (1878) which partially intersects with the urban class of action footprint through implementation of conservation commitments.  A 5.7 ha area of occurrence 1878 intersects with the infrastructure class of action footprint (1878). Impacts to this area will be minimised through the implementation of the conservation commitments, and the associated infrastructure implementation framework

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(Action Plan C). The outcome for the community is considered to be acceptable, and one that meets the conservation objectives through providing for the long term viability of the community within the Strategic Assessment Area.

CONSISTENCY Conservation outcomes and objectives for this ecological community are not inconsistent with WITH the Commonwealth Recovery Plan (English, V. & J. Blyth, 2000d) or the relevant Threat COMMONWEALTH Abatement Plans. PLANS

Shrublands and Woodlands on Muchea Limestone

Level ofprotection 6

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% % area in each category

Figure 18-15: Relative levels of protection for Shrublands and Woodlands on Muchea Limestone occurrences

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Table 18-12: Occurrence details for Shrublands and Woodlands on Muchea Limestone

Total area of Intersects with a Current level of Occurrence Notable features occurrence (ha) class of action protection*

 Largest occurrence of the TEC. 36.3 ha  A significant proportion of the TEC is outside the class of action footprint within Level 1 (48%) and is reserved for conservation of flora and fauna. A small 18 ha remaining Urban (already 40 1, 4, 5 & 7 proportion is within Level 5 (1.4%) outside class of developed)

 The remainder of the TEC in Level 4 and 5 has already been developed for urban action purposes.

 A significant proportion of this occurrence (95%) is within Bush Forever site 465, 780 16.3 ha NA 2 & 5 which is zoned parks and recreation and managed for public recreation.

 The entire area of this occurrence is within Bush Forever site 294, which is zoned 933 13 ha NA 2 public purposes and is managed by the Commonwealth Government.

Urban and infrastructure  Entire area intersects with urban (3.5%) and infrastructure (substation and 5.7 ha 1878 (substation and 6 & 7 transmission line corridor, 96.5%) class of action footprint 0 ha likely to remain transmission line corridor)

 The entire area of this occurrence is within Category 4 and intersects with industrial 4067 class of action footprint. 0.4 ha Industrial 4 & 7  The occurrence is currently within a rural zone, alongside a road.

 The entire area of this occurrence is within Category 4 and intersects with industrial 4068 class of action footprint. 1.8 ha Industrial 4 & 7  The occurrence is currently within a rural zone, alongside a road.

 The entire area of this occurrence is within Category 4 and intersects with industrial 4071 class of action footprint. 1.3 ha Industrial 4 & 7  The occurrence is currently within a rural zone, alongside a road.

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Strategic Assessment for the Perth and Peel Regions

Total area of Intersects with a Current level of Occurrence Notable features occurrence (ha) class of action protection*

 The entire area of this occurrence is within Category 4 and intersects with industrial 4077 class of action footprint. 2 ha Industrial 4 & 7  The occurrence is currently within a rural zone.

 This occurrence is almost entirely within Category 4 (99.9%) and intersects with 4079 industrial class of action footprint. 1.4 ha Industrial 4 & 7  The occurrence is currently within a rural zone, alongside a road.

 The entire area of this occurrence is within Category 4 and intersects with industrial 4082 class of action footprint. 0.8 ha Industrial 4 & 7  The occurrence is currently within a rural zone, near housing.

 The entire area of this occurrence is within Category 4 and intersects with industrial 5075 class of action footprint. 0.3 ha Industrial 4 & 7  The occurrence is currently within a rural zone.

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Figure 18-16a (Northern): Known occurrences of Shrublands and Woodlands on Muchea Limestone within the Strategic Assessment Area

Yanchep !H

North-west

Bullsbrook !H

Ellenbrook!H

North-east Chidlow !H

Mundaring !H Central

Perth !H

South Metro Peel

0 10 20

Kilometres Legend Kwinana !H Datum/Projection: Strategic Assessment GDA 1994 MGA Zone 50 Data Source: DPaW Area Rockingham !H Occurrence Prepared by: JL Date: 18/11/2015 ± !H !H Figure 18-16b (Southern): Known occurrences of Shrublands and Woodlands on Muchea Limestone within the Strategic Assessment Area

Central North-east

Kwinana !H

Rockingham !H

Jarrahdale !H

Serpentine !H

South Metro Peel Mandurah !H

Pinjarra!H

Dwellingup !H

Waroona !H

18.14 THROMBOLITE (MICROBIALITE) COMMUNITY OF A COASTAL BRACKISH LAKE (LAKE CLIFTON)

TEC BACKGROUND

COMMONWEALTH Listed as Critically Endangered. STATUS

PROFILE The following points provide key information about the ecology and distribution of the SUMMARY Thrombolite (microbialite) community of a coastal brackish lake (Lake Clifton) (herein the Lake Clifton Thrombolite Community):  Lake Clifton supports the largest known examples of living non-marine microbialites in the southern hemisphere. Microbialites are discrete organo-sedimentary rock-like structures formed by the activities of specific microbial communities that occur at the bottom of certain aqueous ecosystems. They have great scientific importance as they provide the oldest evidence of life on Earth (Luu et al. 2004).  The Lake Clifton Thrombolite Community is restricted to a single occurrence in the northern part of Lake Clifton, on the Swan Coastal Plain and is located within Yalgorup National Park and inside the Peel-Yalgorup System Ramsar site. The occurrence of the ecological community is a reef-like formation approximately 15 km long and up to 15 m wide along the north-eastern shoreline of the lake.  The main identified threats to the Lake Clifton Thrombolite Community arise from changes to groundwater quality, amounts and flows (from groundwater extraction and climate change), and changes to surrounding vegetation, causing increased salinity levels, eutrophication and physical damage (TSSC 2009g).  There is no Commonwealth endorsed recovery plan. There is a State endorsed Interim Recovery Plan 2004-2009 for the ecological community. The objective of this Interim Recovery Plan is to maintain or improve the overall condition of the Lake Clifton Thrombolite Community and reduce the level of threat. The Conservation Advice for this ecological community also identifies research priorities and regional and local priority actions. The Environmental Protection Authority has developed criteria (Bulletins 788 and 864) to protect the water quality and hydrological balance of Lake Clifton with a view to protecting the ecological community.  The Lake Clifton Thrombolite Community occurs entirely within the Strategic Assessment Area and the single occurrence of the ecological community is considered important.  There are no relevant Threat Abatement Plans for this ecological community  All of the community occurs within Yalgorup National Park. See Appendix C for further information.

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TEC MAPPING

APPROACH TO Mapping for the Lake Clifton Thrombolite Community was undertaken across its range. This MAPPING mapping identifies known occurrences of communities that meet the definition of the community. Recent investigations have indicated that the extent of the microbialite community occurrence in Lake Clifton may be larger than currently mapped (Michael Coote, DPaW, pers comm. 2015). Recent investigations have also indicated that there may be other microbialite communities occurring in other lakes of the Yalgorup system (Michael Coote, DPaW, pers comm. 2015), however these have not yet been identified, classified or mapped. The general approach to TEC mapping is provided in Section 18.4

MAPS See Figure 18-18 for a map of known occurrences within the Strategic Assessment Area.

CONSERVATION OBJECTIVES

CONSERVATION The conservation objectives for the Lake Clifton Thrombolite Community are to: OBJECTIVES  Maintain the long-term viability of the ecological community within the Strategic Assessment Area.  Continue to protect and manage the occurrence of the ecological community within Yalgorup National Park.  Manage offsite threats to the ecological community within the Strategic Assessment Area.

JUSTIFICATION The three conservation objectives for the community have been developed recognising the following key attributes:  The entire distribution of the Lake Clifton Thrombolite Community is within the Strategic Assessment Area.  The entire known occurrence of this ecological community is located within Yalgorup National Park.  Management of the wetland system and its catchment, including of offsite threats to the wetland and ecological community is critical to the ongoing viability of the ecological community.

STATUS OF THE TEC WITHOUT CONSERVATION COMMITMENTS

OCCURRENCES The Lake Clifton Thrombolite Community has a single occurrence (27). It is 505 ha in size and IN AREAS 99.8% of this area occurs within the Yalgorup National Park (Level 1 protected area). SYMPATHETIC TO As outlined previously, there may be additional (unmapped) occurrences of microbialites CONSERVATION elsewhere in Lake Clifton, within Yalgorup National Park. (LEVELS 1-4) See Table 18-13 below for details about this occurrence and Figure 18-17 for an overview of the relative levels of protection.

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OTHER The community does not intersect with a class of action footprint. OCCURRENCES INTERSECTING

WITH A CLASS OF ACTION (LEVELS 6 & 7)

REMAINING 1.2 ha (0.2%) of the community occurs within rural zoned land outside of the Yalgorup OCCURRENCES National Park. In addition, areas of the Lake Clifton and buffering vegetation occur in rural WITHIN THE zoned land outside of the Yalgorup National Park. See Table 18-13 for details. STRATEGIC ASSESSMENT AREA (LEVEL 5)

INDIRECT Lake Clifton Thrombolite Community may be susceptible to the following indirect impacts: IMPACTS  hydrological change; and  physical disturbance. The Lake Clifton Thrombolite Community depends on a continuous supply of fresh water rich in calcium, carbonate and bicarbonate, therefore one of the key threats to the community is changes to hydrology within and surrounding the area of occurrence of the community. Other threats to the community include:  Increased salinity due to reduced rainfall, increased groundwater extraction, altered groundwater flows, and increased nutrient levels. Changes in salinity has the potential to alter patterns of thrombolite growth, faunal diversity and waterbird usage.  Clearing of surrounding vegetation reduces the buffer zone for the community and increases the level of nutrients entering the lake.  Physical disturbance from people e.g. trampling. This is likely to increase with increase population in the surrounding areas, if not effectively managed. Conservation commitments associated with the Peel-Yalgorup Ramsar site will address this issue (see Chapter 19 – Ramsar). The Lake Clifton Thrombolite Community is within Yalgorup National Park and is managed by Parks and Wildlife. A number of policies, plans and guidance are already in place to facilitate the management of Lake Clifton and protect the ecological community from threats. This community is also likely to benefit from measures to improve water quality within the Peel- Yalgorup Ramsar site (refer to Chapter 19 – Ramsar).

WILL THE CONSERVATION OBJECTIVES BE MET WITHOUT CONSERVATION COMMITMENTS?

NEED FOR The conservation objectives for Lake Clifton Thrombolite Community will not be met without CONSERVATION further conservation commitments being incorporated into the Strategic Conservation Plan. COMMITMENTS This is based on the risk of rising salinity in Lake Clifton having the potential to impact on the long-term viability of the community.

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WHAT CONSERVATION COMMITMENTS ARE REQUIRED TO MEET THE CONSERVATION OBJECTIVES?

CONSERVATION The following specific commitments are provided for the Lake Clifton Thrombolite Community: COMMITMENTS 1. Determine the cause of rising salinity in Lake Clifton by undertaking water quality monitoring and developing a groundwater flow model. 2. Investigate potential remedial action to counteract the impact of rising salinity.

OUTCOMES FOR THE TEC

KEY POINTS The outcome for Lake Clifton Thrombolite Community is considered to be acceptable based on:  There will be no direct impacts to the Lake Clifton Thrombolite Community as a result of the proposed classes of action.  The majority of the community (99.8%) will remain protected within the Yalgorup National Park (Level 1).  A small proportion of the community (0.2%) occurs outside of protected areas, not within the class of action footprint.  Specific conservation commitments will be implemented to determine the cause of rising salinity in Lake Clifton, and potential remedial actions.  Commitments for the Peel-Yalgorup Ramsar site will provide benefits to the TEC (see Chapter 19).  Indirect impacts to the community as a result of increased development in surrounding areas will be managed through the implementation of the over-arching commitment to avoid direct and indirect impacts to Conservation Category Wetlands.

CONSISTENCY The conservation outcomes and objectives for this community have been set with WITH consideration for the Commonwealth Conservation Advice for the community (TSSC 2009g). COMMONWEALTH PLANS

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Lake Clifton Thrombolite Community

Level ofprotection 6

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% % area in each category

Figure 18-17: Relative levels of protection for Lake Clifton Thrombolite Community occurrences

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Table 18-13: Occurrence details for Lake Clifton Thrombolite Community

Occurrence Notable features Total area of Intersects with a Current level of occurrence (ha) class of action protection*

 Only occurrence of the TEC. Majority (99.8%) located within Yalgorup National 27 504.7 ha N/A 1 and 5 Park (Level 1).

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Figure 18-18: Known occurrences of Lake Clifton Thrombolite Community within the Strategic Assessment Area

Mandurah !H

Pinjarra !H

Waroona !H

0 6.5 13 Legend Kilometres Datum/Projection: Strategic Assessment GDA 1994 MGA Zone 50 Area Data Source: DPaW Occurrence Prepared by: SM Date: 18/11/2015 ± Strategic Assessment for the Perth and Peel Regions

18.15 THROMBOLITE (MICROBIAL) COMMUNITY OF COASTAL FRESHWATER LAKES OF THE SWAN COASTAL PLAIN (LAKE RICHMOND)

TEC BACKGROUND

COMMONWEALTH Listed as Endangered. STATUS

WESTERN Ranked as Critically Endangered under the name ‘Stromatolite like microbialite community of AUSTRALIAN coastal freshwater lakes’ and Community Identifier ‘Richmond-microbialite’ in the listing of STATUS Threatened Ecological Communities endorsed by the Western Australian Minister for

Environment. This ranking is based on Western Australian ranking criteria and the ecological community is referred to in Western Australia as ‘Stromatolite like microbialite community of coastal freshwater lakes’ (Richmond-microbial)’.

PROFILE The following points provide key information about the ecology and distribution of Thrombolite SUMMARY (microbial) community of coastal freshwater lakes of the swan coastal plain (Lake Richmond) (herein Lake Richmond Thrombolite community):  The ecological community consists of a single occurrence (28) within Lake Richmond, a lake in relict foredune plain on Holocene sands about 1 km south of Rockingham on the southern Swan Coastal Plain.  The distribution of the Lake Richmond Thrombolite Community overlaps with an occurrence of the Sedgelands in Holocene dune swales of the Southern Swan Coastal Plain EPBC Act-listed ecological community.  There is no Commonwealth Recovery Plan for this ecological community, however, there is a State endorsed Interim Recovery Plan 2003 – 2008. The objective of the Interim Recovery Plan is to maintain or improve the overall condition of the microbial community in the only known location.  There are no relevant Threat Abatement Plans for this ecological community.  This ecological community is the subject of Commonwealth Conservation Advice (TSSC 2008u)  The Lake Richmond Thrombolite Community occurs entirely within the Strategic Assessment Area and the single occurrence of the ecological community is considered important.  The Lake Richmond Thrombolite Community occurs entirely within several Crown reserves (9458, 47145, 48310 and 47553) which are vested with the City of Rockingham and include a purpose of conservation. The area is also included in Rockingham Lakes Regional Park and Bush Forever Area 358. See Appendix C for further information.

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TEC MAPPING

APPROACH TO Mapping for Lake Richmond Thrombolite Community was undertaken across its range. This MAPPING mapping identifies known occurrences of communities that meet the definition of the community. The general approach to TEC mapping is provided in Section 18.4.

MAPS See Figure 18-20 for a map of known occurrences within the Strategic Assessment Area.

CONSERVATION OBJECTIVES

CONSERVATION The conservation objectives for the Lake Richmond Thrombolite Community are to: OBJECTIVES  Maintain the long-term viability of the ecological community within the Strategic Assessment Area.  Continue to protect and manage the occurrence of the ecological community within Rockingham Lakes Regional Park.  Manage offsite threats to the ecological community within the Strategic Assessment Area.

JUSTIFICATION The three conservation objectives for the Lake Richmond Thrombolite Community have been developed recognising the following key attributes:  The single occurrence of this community occurs entirely within the Strategic Assessment Area.  The entire area of the community occurs within protected areas.  Management of offsite threats is critical to the ongoing viability of the ecological community.

STATUS OF THE TEC WITHOUT CONSERVATION COMMITMENTS

OCCURRENCES There is a single occurrence (28) of the Lake Richmond Thrombolite Community. This IN AREAS occurrence is located within Crown reserves managed for conservation and public recreation. SYMPATHETIC TO The occurrence is included in the Rockingham Lakes Regional Park and Bush Forever Site CONSERVATION 358 (Level 2) which is zoned as parks and recreation. (LEVELS 1-4) The community is surrounded by existing urban development. A proposed road and pipeline associated with the infrastructure class of action footprint is located in close proximity to the south-west boundary of the community. See Table 18-14 below for details about the occurrence and Figure 18-19 for an overview of the relative levels of protection.

OTHER The community does not intersect with a class of action footprint. OCCURRENCES INTERSECTING

WITH A CLASS OF

ACTION (LEVELS 6 & 7)

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REMAINING The community does not occur elsewhere in the Strategic Assessment Area. OCCURRENCES WITHIN THE STRATEGIC ASSESSMENT AREA (LEVEL 5)

INDIRECT Lake Richmond Thrombolite Community may be susceptible to the following indirect impacts: IMPACTS  hydrological change; and  physical disturbance. The Lake Richmond Thrombolite Community depends on continuing supply of fresh water rich in calcium, carbonate and bicarbonate and the greatest threats to the TEC are alterations to hydrology. Increased salinity due to reduced rainfall, increased groundwater extraction and altered groundwater flows and increased nutrient levels from adjacent properties have the potential to alter patterns of thrombolite growth, faunal diversity and waterbird usage. A reduction of surrounding vegetation reduces the buffer zone and increases the level of nutrients entering the lake, with much of the vegetation cover already reduced from clearing for agricultural and visitor use. As with the Lake Clifton Thrombolite Community, the Lake Richmond Thrombolite Community depends on a continuous supply of fresh water rich in calcium, carbonate and bicarbonate. Therefore, one of the key threats to the community is changes to hydrology within and surrounding the area of occurrence of the community. Other threats to the community include:  Increased salinity due to reduced rainfall, increased groundwater extraction, altered groundwater flows, and increased nutrient levels. Changes in salinity has the potential to alter patterns of thrombolite growth, faunal diversity and waterbird usage.  Clearing of surrounding vegetation reduces the buffer zone for the community and increases the level of nutrients entering the lake. The Lake Richmond Thrombolite Community is managed as part of Rockingham Lakes Regional Park by the City of Rockingham for conservation and recreation purposes with input from Parks and Wildlife. The area is managed in accordance with approved Rockingham Lakes Regional Park Management Plan (2010a).

WILL THE CONSERVATION OBJECTIVES BE MET WITHOUT CONSERVATION COMMITMENTS?

NEED FOR The conservation objectives for the Lake Richmond Thrombolite Community will be met CONSERVATION without further conservation commitments being incorporated into the Strategic Conservation COMMITMENTS Plan. This is based on the fact that the TEC is entirely located within Bush Forever site 358 and a Conservation Category Wetland. The occurrence will therefore be retained and protected from potential direct and indirect impacts through the relevant over-arching conservation commitments.

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OUTCOMES FOR THE TEC

KEY POINTS The outcome for Lake Richmond Thrombolite community is considered to be acceptable based on:  There will be no direct impacts to the Lake Richmond Thrombolite community as a result of the proposed classes of action footprints.  Indirect impacts to the community will be managed through over-arching commitments to protect Conservation Category Wetlands, and the approved Rockingham Lakes Regional Park Management Plan (2010a). See Figure 18-20 below for a summary of the outcomes for this community.

Lake Richmond Thrombolite Community

Level Level ofprotection 6

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% % area in each category

Figure 18-19: Relative levels of protection for Lake Richmond Thrombolite community occurrences

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Table 18-14: Occurrence details for Lake Richmond Thrombolite Community

Occurrence Notable features Total area of Intersects with a Current level of occurrence (ha) class of action protection*

 Single occurrence of the TEC 28  Located wholly within Shire-managed Crown reserves for the purpose of 41.1 ha N/A 2 conservation and recreation and Bush Forever Area 358 (Level 2)

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Figure 18-20: Known occurrences of Lake Richmond!H Thrombolite Community within the Strategic Assessment Area

Kwinana !H

Rockingham !H

Jarrahdale !H

Serpentine !H

Mandurah !H 0 5,600 11,200 Legend Metres Datum/Projection: Strategic Assessment GDA 1994 MGA Zone 50 Area Data Source: DPaW Occurrence Prepared by: JL Date: 18/11/2015 ± v