District Profile

“CHILDREN, ESPECIALLY GIRLS AGED 2-12 HAVE ACCESS TO QUALITY EDUCATION WITH IMPROVED INFRASTRUCTURE AND SAFE LEARNING ENVIRONMENT”

Whole Schools Improvement Project (WSIP)

Funded by: Dubai Cares Implemented by: Idara-e-Taleem-o-Aagahi (ITA)

Sr. No. List of Content Page No. 1. Situation Analysis of City District Multan 4 2. 4 History 3. 4 Geography 4. 4 Economy 5. Administration 5 6. Education Profile of District Multan 5 7. Learning Levels 5

District Multan Profile 2 | P a g e Table List of the tables Page No. No. 1. Administrative Division of Multan 5 2. POPULATION SIZE AND GROWTH 5 3. LITERACY RATIO RANKING OF PUNJAB DISTRICTS 6 4. Population That Has Ever Attended School 7 5. Literacy-Population 10 Years and Older 7 6. Gross Enrolment Rate at The Primary Level 7 7. Net Enrolment Rate At The Primary Level 7 8. Number of Government Schools 8 9. Enrollment in Government Schools 8 10. Government Teachers 9 11. Attendance on the Day of the Visit in Government Schools 9

District Multan Profile 3 | P a g e

Baseline Survey Report – DC Multan

Situation Analysis of City District Multan

History 1

City District Multan is one of the oldest cities in the Indian subcontinent. Its modern name comes from its Sanskrit name Mūlasthān. It has seen a lot of warfare because of its location on a major invasion route between South Asia and Central Asia. It is famous for its Sufi shrines. Multan was part of the Mauryan and the Gupta empires that ruled much of northern India. It is one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world.

In the 7th century, Multan was conquered along with Sindh by the army of Muhammad bin Qasim, Under the Mughal Empire; Multan enjoyed over 200 years of peace, and became known as Dar al-Aman (Abode of Peace). The Khakwani Nawabs of Multan gave it a lot of financial stability and growth to the local farming sector. Many buildings were constructed in this time, and agricultural production grew rapidly.

Geography1

Multan is a one of the major cities in Punjab and the major city of South Punjab. The district population is over 3.8 million (1998 census) and the city itself is the sixth largest in . It is situated on the east bank of the , more or less in the geographic centre of the country and about 966 km from Karachi.

There are many canals that cut across the Multan District that provide water from nearby rivers. It is extremely hot in the summer. The climate is extreme, with up to 52Ĉ in summer, 2Ĉ in winter and dusty winds in summer.

Economy1

Multan is a commercial and industrial centre. Lying on the Grand Trunk (GT) road, it is well connected with the rest of the country through rail, road and air including other industrial hubs such as , Karachi, Quetta and Faisalabad. Industries include fertilizer, cosmetics, glass manufacturing, cotton production and processing, large textile units, flour mills, sugar and oil mills and large-scale power generation projects. It is famous for its handicrafts (carpets & ceramics) and cottage industries, cotton and mangoes. Number Industrial Units = 3,357

1(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multan#See_also)

District Multan Profile 4 | P a g e Administration:

No. of Tehsils

1. Multan Cantonment, 2. MultanSadar, 3. , 4. JalalpurPirwala.

No. Of Towns 1. Town 2. Shah Rukn-e-alam Town 3. Town 4. Sher Shah Town 5. Sujaabad Town 6. JalapurPirwala Town

Table 1: Administrative Division of Multan1 Mauzas Total Urban Rural Cantt. Union Councils Union councils Union Councils Boards Multan 537 126 51 75 1

Population

Table 2: POPULATION SIZE AND GROWTH2 1998- POPULATION 1981-98 Average 1981 CITY Avg. Annual Both Sexes Male Female Household Population Growth Rate Size MULTAN 1,197,384 637,911 559,473 7.47 732,070 2.93

Poverty estimates for Pakistan indicate today that 24% of the total population is living below the poverty line. These figures when combined with vulnerability groups escalate to 50% of poor and vulnerable. These are the groups who can only afford public sector schooling and are at risk of not going to school or dropping out. Amongst these, girls and women remain even more vulnerable particularly in the southern districts of Punjab with large landholdings belonging to landowners holding on to feudal and rigidly patriarchal mind set. The Southern Districts of Punjab are also well known for landmark cases in violence against women, sectarianism and expansion of extremist groups.

Education Profile of District Multan

Multan is ranked 20th out of 36 districts in Punjab in terms of literacy rates3. According to PSLM 2010- 11, 68 % boys and 48% girls (rural 35% female) aged 10 years and older are literate in Multan.

2 www.statpak.gov.pk/depts/pco/statistics/pop_major_cities/pop_major_cities.html 3 Source: PSLMs 2010-11

District Multan Profile 5 | P a g e Table 3: LITERACY RATIO RANKING OF PUNJAB DISTRICTS3 (Age 10 years & above) Table 2.4 District Literacy Ratio Rank 1.Islamabad 82 1 2.Attock 64 12 3.Rawalpindi 79 2 4.Jehlum 75 5 5.Chakwal 78 3 6.Sargodha 59 17 7.Bhakhar 49 28 8.Khushab 60 16 9.Mianwali 61 14 10.Faisalabad 66 9 11.Jhang 52 26 12.T.T.Singh 69 8 13.Chiniot 44 34 14.Gujranwala 74 6 15.Gujrat 71 7 16.Sialkot 66 10 17.Hafizabad 58 21 18.MandiBahuddin 65 11 19.Narowal 58 19 20.Lahore 77 4 21.Kasur 58 18 22.Sheikhupura 63 13 23.NankanaSahib 60 15 24.Vehari 55 23 25.Multan 58 20 26.Khanewal 53 25 27. 47 31 28.D.G.khan 43 35 29.Rajanpur 34 37 30.Layyah 55 24 31. 43 36 32. 47 30 33.Bahawalnager 49 29 34.RahimYarKhan 46 32 35.Sahiwal 56 22

3 Source: PSLMs 2010-11

District Multan Profile 6 | P a g e Table 3: LITERACY RATIO RANKING OF PUNJAB DISTRICTS3 (Age 10 years & above) Table 2.4 District Literacy Ratio Rank 36.Pakpatten 45 33 37.Okara 50 27

Table 4: Population That Has Ever Attended School3 (Table 2.1) Urban Rural Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total 80 68 74 61 37 49 69 49 59

Table 5: Literacy-Population 10 Years and Older3 Table 2.14 (A) Urban Rural Total Total Rank Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total 10-11 79 68 74 60 35 48 68 48 58 20 56

Table 6: Gross Enrolment Rate at The Primary Level3 Table 2.3 (A), Table 2.3 (B), Table 2.4 Age Group Urban Rural Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total (Age 5-9) 106 107 107 96 76 86 100 87 93 (Excluding Katchi Class) (Age 6-10) 117 108 112 93 76 85 100 87 94 (Excluding Katchi Class) (Age 4-9) 107 112 110 92 73 83 97 86 92 (Including Katchi Class)

Table 7: Net Enrolment Rate At The Primary Level3 Table 2.6 (A), Table 2.6 (B), Table 2.7 Age Group Urban Rural Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total (Age 5-9) 67 70 68 59 49 54 62 56 26 (Excluding Katchi Class) (Age 6-10) 78 82 80 66 54 60 70 63 66 (Excluding Katchi Class) (Age 4-9) 76 81 78 63 51 57 67 61 64 (Including Katchi Class)

 Children in the 3-5 age group: 53% of children are enrolled in schools compared to 43% in 2011. Of this percentage, 42% enrolled in government schools and 58% enrolled in private schools4.  Children in the 6-16 age group: 82% children are enrolled in schools compared to 75% in 2011. Of this percentage, 53% children are enrolled in government schools and 47% in private educational facilities.4  Out-of-school children: 18% children (6-16 years) are not attending any school compared to 26% in 20114.

4 Source: Annual Status of Education Report – ASER 2012

District Multan Profile 7 | P a g e Table 8: Number of Government Schools4 Class-wise enrollment 4 Prima Middl High Higher Total 2011 2012 ry e Secondary 40 Boys 436 98 97 14 645 30 Girls 637 93 43 10 783 19 Mixed 199 13 5 0 217 20 Total 1272 204 145 24 1645 18 4

% Children % 10 ** There are 189 Foundation Assisted Schools (PEF-FAS) under Punjab 3 0 Education foundation (PEF), in addition to the 1533 Government 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 schools.5 For every 6 Primary schools there is only 1 Middle school. Class Where will the rest go? Table 9: Enrollment in Government Schools6 Middle High Higher Total Primary Secondary 128,476 62,868 104,539 31,110 326,993

Learning Levels (Rural)4

 In 2012, 53% of class 5 students in government schools and 68% of students in private schools are able to read story in as compared to 52% of class 5 students in government schools and 70% in private schools were able to read story in Urdu in 2011.

Learning Levels by school type - Urdu 4 Learning levels for Urdu in Class 5 improved in government sector in 2012 2011 2012 100

71 70 68 80 53 52 53 60 47 50 40

%Children 20

0 Class 3: Can Class 5: Can Class 3: Can Class 5: Can read at least read at least read at least read at least sentences story sentences story

Government Private

5 Source: PEF 6 Source: School Education Department Punjab

District Multan Profile 8 | P a g e  In 2012, 63% of class 5 students in government schools and 79% of students in private schools are able to read sentences in Learning Levels by type of school - 4 English as compared to 47% of class 5 students in government English schools and 79% in private schools were able to read sentences 100 2011 2012 72 79 79 in 2011. 80 64 63 62 54  In 2012, 44% of class 5 students in government schools and 70% 60 47 of students in private schools are able to do at least division in 40 Arithmetic as compared to 41% of class 5 students in %Children 20 government schools and 60% in private schools were able to do 0 at least division in 2011. Class 3: Can Class 5: Can Class 3: Can Class 5: Can read at least read at least read at least read at least words sentences words sentences Learning Levels by school type - Arithmetic 4 Government Private 2011 2012 100 70 Children attending paid tuition 4 80 60 50 Government schools Private schools 60 41 41 44 39 40 100 40 80 %Children 20 60 0 33 32 40 22 Class 3: Can Class 5: Can Class 3: Can Class 5: Can % Children % 20 8 do at least do at least do at least do at least subtraction division subtraction division 0 2011* 2012 Government Private

Parents having at least primary schooling 4 Table 10: Government Teachers 4 100 Higher Primary Middle High Total Secondary 80 Filled In 3368 2415 3658 1070 10547 57 60 Table 11: Attendance on the Day of the Visit in Government

% Parents % 4 40 29 Schools

Primary Elementary High Other Total 20 % of student 0 attendance as 84 Mothers Fathers per head count 89 90 - 88 % of teacher attendance 94 97 95 93 95 Playground and boundary wall facility in Water and toilet facility in primary schools4 primary schools 4 2012 2012 100 100 100 100 100 100 86 100 80 80 60 60 40 29 40 % Primary %Primary schools 20 20 0 %Primary schools 0 0 Playground Boundary wall Playground Boundary wall Toilet Water Toilet Water Government Private Government Private District Multan Profile 9 | P a g e