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This Type of Cannon, the 1.65" Hotchkiss Mountain Gun. Was Used in the Battles Ot Wounded Knee, South Dakota, in 1890

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This Type of Cannon, the 1.65 ! This type of cannon, the 1.65" Hotchkiss Mountain Gun. was used in the Battles ot Wounded Knee, South Dakota, in 1890. and Bear Paw Mountain. Montana. in 1877. This exalnple. seriai G number 34, manufactured in 1885, is now in the collections of the Wyoming State Museum. ACROSS THE PLAINS 1N 1864 WI1'I-I GEORGE FOEMAN ............ 5 A TraveIer's Account Edited by T. A. Larson INDEPENDENCE ROCK AND DEVIL'S GATE ..................... - .....-............ 23 Robert L. Munkres THE JOHN "PORTUGEE" PHILLIPS LEGENDS, A STUDY IN WYOMING FOLKLORE ............... ........ ......................... ,.........--.. 41 Robert A. Murray POPULFSM IN WYOMING ................................................................ 57 David B. Griffiths BUILDING THE TOWN OF CODY: GEORGE T. BECK, 1894-1943 ........ ............................- .....- ....,,.. .. 73 James D. McLaird POYNT OF ROCKS-SOUTH PASS CITY FREIGHT ROAD TREK .. I07 Trek No. 18 of the Ristoricd Trail Treks Con~piledby Maurine Carley WYOMTNG STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY ...................................... 128 President's Message by Adrian Reynolds Minutes of the Fourteenth Annual Meeting, September 9-10, 1967 BOOK R EVIEM'S Gressley, Thc Anlericnn West: A Reorientation .,...........,..,.......-..-+. 139 Hyde, A Life of George Bent, Written from His htters .................. 140 Kussell, Firmrms, Trrrps & Tools of the Mort~~trrinMen .................. I41 Stands In Timber and Liberty, Cheye~t~~eMemories ..................... ... 542 Karolevitz, Docfo~sof ti~eOld West ...............................................143 Gage, The Johnson Coiiniy War ........-............................................... 145 Smith, Rocky Morior,ntr(inMining Camps, The Urbnn Frontier .......... I46 Flvnn, Otrr Heraitngc ........................................................................ 147 M1oodard, Diumo~~dsirt the Srrlt ................................................ ............ 148 Hart, Pioneer Forrs of ilre Old Wesf -................... .............,....., ........... 149 Florin, Toles ths Western Tontbstone.~Tell .......................... ....... ....,.. 150 Nasatir, Splrnislt Wor Vessels on rhe Mississippi, 1792-1796 ............ 1 5 1 Reusswig, A Pictrrm Repnrt of the Crrster Fight .............................. 1.53 CONTRIBUTORS ........................................ ... 155 TLLUrrRATIONS Cover Hotchkiss Mountain Gun Following page 40 Independence Rock Devil's Gate George Forman The Forman Family Following page 72 U. S. S. Wyoming Promotional Folder for Cody, Wyoming Gmrge T. Beck 1967 Trekkers Fort Washakie Indian Cemetery Past Presidents, Wyoming State Historical Society Pukt of Rocks-South Pass City Trek No. 18 of the Historical Trails Treks Sponsored by WYOMING STATE HISTORICAL SUCETY, WYOMING STATE ARCHIVES AND HISTORICAL DEPARTMENT Sweetwater County Chapter and Fremont County Chapter of Wyoming State Historical Society Under the direction of Maurine Carley and Dick Eklund Compiled by MAURINECARLEY, Trek Historian June 30--July 2, 1967 Caravan: 40 cars, 95 participants OFFICERS Captain: Tom Leach, Wyoming Highway fatrol Wagon Boss: Grant Willson Announcer : BilI Dnbois Guides: Dick EkIund, Ed Varley, George Stephens, Oscar Dm1 and JuIes Farlow Historian: Maurine Carley Topographer: H. M. "Doc" Townsend, U.S. Geological Survey, Denver Photographers: Adrian Reynolds, Helen Gawsslen and Rae Dell Varley Press: Green River Star, Gmn River; Wyoming State Jorsml, Lander Registrars: f me Houston, Rosalind Bealey Tickets: Fran Boan NOTE: Meage st- at Point of Rocks. Gold was first discovered in the Sweetwater district in 1842, but active mining was not done until the 1860's. Many pups of miners came to dig for the treasure, but the Indians killed them or drove them away. However, by 1869 there were 2,000 gold seek- 108 ANNALS OF WYOMING ers in the vicinity of South Pass City, Atlantic City and Hamilton (Miner's Delight). This remote gold country was made more accessible with the completion of the Union Pacific Railroad, Traffic on the Point of Rocks-South Pass City Freight Road was brisk in 1870 when a Mr. Larimer ran daily coaches for passengers over the road for a $10 fare. The distance was about 70 miles by way of Black Rocks and Sweetwater Station. FRIDAY, JUNE 30 Registration began at 8:00 P.M. at El Rancho Motel in Rock Sprinss where the Sweetwater County Historical. Society enter- tained the trekkers at a get-together party. Coffee, punch and doughnuts were served. SATURDAY, JULY 1 Guides: Dick Eklund, George Stephens, Ed Varley and Adrian Reynolds 8:00 A.M. The group met at the Conoco Service Station in Point of Rocks for introductions, registration and a goup picture. POINT OF ROCKS STAGE STATION By Rae Dell Varley Point of Rocks sits in the valley 6,500 feet above sea level. To the southeast are 365-foot perpendicular sandstone walls which are 1,100 feet above the roadbed of the Union Pacific Railroad. A wagon road once followed along the base of these walls which served as a register of the desert, being well signed. At the foot of the walls one can still see flowing springs-three large ones and four smaller ones. Four miles up the freight road there is a very large spring. Surrounding hills contain coal veins, fossil leaves of poplar, ash, elm, maple and even specimens of large fan-palms. A wide seam of fossilized oyster shells, about the size of our edible ones, is found at the top of the hill to the north. This formation can be seen northwest as far as Boar's Tusk. Many cabins in the Sands area were built from the stone in this formation, because there was nothing else available for miles around. Indian signs line this valley and lead one to believe it probably served as a seasonal. camp for them. There was no recorded history of this area until the Overland Stage Station was established in 1862. The Rock Point Stage Station has, at different times, served as a stage stop, freight station, store7 school, ranch headquarters and home. It was burned out at least once, and peepholes in the stable testify to Indian troubles. Built of native sandstone, as were all stations where wood was scarce, it served as a stage station until the arrival of the railroad in 1868. Mud mortar chmked the walls. Most of the original beams were burned in raids and have been replaced by telegraph poles. The walls have been plastered inside POINT OF ROCKS--SOUTH PASS FREIGHT ROAD TREK 109 and some additions were made by later occupants. This was one of the few places to get fresh drinking water, as water along this stretch is strong with alkali, It also has a high imn content, with medicinal qualities. h few years ago this station was the best preserved one on the old Overland Trail in Sweetwater County. It became the property of the state in 1947 but has been sadly neglected. En 1877 when the stages had stopped running, Lawrence Tag- gert, an early Union Pacific section foreman, moved his family into the building. His daughter, Mrs. Charles Rador, recalls living there as a girl. Her mother turned one of the rooms of the station into a school and served as the teacher. A school district had been organized here jn October, 1875, with eighteen students and a budget of $328. The first school was in a dugout. An old Pony Express rider and stage coach guard, James M. Thompson, related the following story of the station to the late F. R. Crumley, Rock Springs Miraer publisher, when Thompson was eighty-seven years old in 1932. Thompson was a guard as- signed to the station at the time of the excitement. "Jim Slade, ex-stage line superintendent, turned bandit, staged a robbery at Rock Point station, Seven passengers on the coach were killed in the hold up," Their bodies lie buried in the little cemetery up the hill today. Headstones and wooden markers showing dates of 1863 were stilt in evidence in the 1930's. WilIiam Halter, George Flick and Charles Rador used the build- ing as a freight station for the South Pass mines. In 1897 Mrs. Radox and her husband moved into the building when he head- quartered his sheep-ranching outfit here. The family remained until 1910, when they built a new home across Ule creek in down- town Point of Rocks. The last person to reside in the stage building was Jim McKee, a one-time member of Butch Cassidy" gang. Rumor says that Jim spent his last years hunting for loot stolen from a train at Tipton and supposedly buried here during a drunken brawl. Jim died in 1946, a ward of the county. As the Rock Point Stage station became more dilapidated the new town across Bitter Creek began to grow. It looked as if this town would be the real thing and land speculators started to hope again, even after Benton and the other end-of-the-line towns had quickly disappeared. Point of Rocks had the feeling of perma- nence. It was the point of arrival for the iron horse and the point of departure for the harnessed variety. Also, Jack Morrow, an ambitious native, had been mining coal at Black Buttes thirteen miles away even before the railroad arrived. The proverbial Main Street was lined with frame houses, tents and shanties. These was a post office, and stores, hotels and bars to serve the budding tam. The freight depot was the center of activity with two stage lines running daily to South Pass City. One 310 ANNALS OF WYOMING line was owned by Larimer and Ganno, the other by Alexander Benham, who later ran the government mail contract from Bryan to the Pass for $65,000 per annum. These Concord stages, drawn by six horses, took ten hours for the trip, and a one-way ticket cost $10 a person. The population of Wyoming in 1867 was less than one thousand, mostIy brave individuals in uniforms, stationed at Fort Laramie and Fort Bridger. When the Union Pacific was completed through Wyoming in 1869 it left a population of eleven thousand along its tracks. Three hundred and sixteen of these people lived in Paint of Rocks. The town grew and prospered while the gold rush thrived at South Pass, but declined when Bryan became the train division point.
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