Functional Neuroanatomy of the Semantic System: Divisible by What?
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Down but Not out in Posterior Cingulate Cortex: Deactivation Yet Functional Coupling with Prefrontal Cortex During Demanding Semantic Cognition
NeuroImage 141 (2016) 366–377 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect NeuroImage journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ynimg Down but not out in posterior cingulate cortex: Deactivation yet functional coupling with prefrontal cortex during demanding semantic cognition Katya Krieger-Redwood ⁎, Elizabeth Jefferies, Theodoros Karapanagiotidis, Robert Seymour, Adonany Nunes, Jit Wei Aaron Ang, Vierra Majernikova, Giovanna Mollo, Jonathan Smallwood Department of Psychology/York Neuroimaging Centre, University of York, Heslington, York, United Kingdom article info abstract Article history: The posterior cingulate cortex (pCC) often deactivates during complex tasks, and at rest is often only weakly cor- Received 30 March 2016 related with regions that play a general role in the control of cognition. These observations led to the hypothesis Accepted 29 July 2016 that pCC contributes to automatic aspects of memory retrieval and cognition. Recent work, however, has sug- Available online 30 July 2016 gested that the pCC may support both automatic and controlled forms of memory processing and may do so by changing its communication with regions that are important in the control of cognition across multiple do- Keywords: mains. The current study examined these alternative views by characterising the functional coupling of the Posterior cingulate cortex Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex pCC in easy semantic decisions (based on strong global associations) and in harder semantic tasks (matching Semantic control words on the basis of specific non-dominant features). Increasingly difficult semantic decisions led to the expect- Executive ed pattern of deactivation in the pCC; however, psychophysiological interaction analysis revealed that, under Rest these conditions, the pCC exhibited greater connectivity with dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (PFC), relative to Connectivity both easier semantic decisions and to a period of rest. -
Keeping Order in the Brain: the Supramarginal Gyrus and Serial Order in Short-Term Memory
cortex 119 (2019) 89e99 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/cortex Research Report Keeping order in the brain: The supramarginal gyrus and serial order in short-term memory Giacomo Guidalia,b, Alberto Pisonia, Nadia Bologninia,c and * Costanza Papagnoa,d, a Department of Psychology & Milan Center for Neuroscience - NeuroMI, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy b Ph.D. program in Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy c Laboratory of Neuropsychology, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy d CIMeC & CeRiN, University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy article info abstract Article history: A wide range of human activities are performed sequentially in few seconds. We need to Received 13 December 2018 maintain a correct temporal order of words in language, movements in actions, directions Reviewed 5 February 2019 in navigation, etc. Therefore, it is plausible, in a more economical perspective, that our Revised 22 February 2019 brain is equipped with a dedicated mechanism for storing a temporal sequence for a short Accepted 10 April 2019 time. To investigate it, we run four TMS experiments, in which participants performed Action editor Eric Wassermann different short-term memory tasks, i.e., three (verbal, spatial, motor) requiring mainte- Published online 20 April 2019 nance of an ordered sequence and one (visual) of a static pattern. We demonstrated, for the first time, that the left supramarginal gyrus is one of the key nodes of the STM network Keywords: involved in retaining an abstract representation of serial order information, independently Short-term memory from the content information, namely the nature of the item to be remembered, which Serial order instead is stored separately. -
Brain Activation in Primary Motor and Somatosensory Cortices During Motor Imagery Correlates with Motor Imagery Ability in Strok
Brain Activation in Primary Motor and Somatosensory Cortices during Motor Imagery Correlates with Motor Imagery Ability in Stroke Patients Linda Confalonieri, University of Milan-Bicocca Giuseppe Pagnoni, University of Modena Lawrence Barsalou, Emory University Justin Rajendra, Emory University Simon B. Eickhoff, Heinrich-Heine University Andrew John Butler, Emory University Journal Title: ISRN Neurology Volume: Volume 2012 Publisher: Hindawi Publishing Corporation | 2012-11, Pages 1-17 Type of Work: Article | Final Publisher PDF Publisher DOI: 10.5402/2012/613595 Permanent URL: http://pid.emory.edu/ark:/25593/czcgc Final published version: http://www.hindawi.com/isrn/neurology/2012/613595/ Copyright information: © 2012 Linda Confalonieri et al. This is an Open Access work distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/). Accessed October 2, 2021 5:37 AM EDT International Scholarly Research Network ISRN Neurology Volume 2012, Article ID 613595, 17 pages doi:10.5402/2012/613595 Clinical Study Brain Activation in Primary Motor and Somatosensory Cortices during Motor Imagery Correlates with Motor Imagery Ability in Stroke Patients Linda Confalonieri,1, 2 Giuseppe Pagnoni,3 Lawrence W. Barsalou,4 Justin Rajendra,5 Simon B. Eickhoff,6, 7 and Andrew J. Butler5 1 Department of Human Science “Riccardo Massa”,Centre for Studies in Communication Sciences (CESCOM), University of Milan-Bicocca, 20162 Milan, Italy 2 Studi Cognitivi, Cognitive Psychotherapy School and -
A Practical Review of Functional MRI Anatomy of the Language and Motor Systems
REVIEW ARTICLE FUNCTIONAL A Practical Review of Functional MRI Anatomy of the Language and Motor Systems X V.B. Hill, X C.Z. Cankurtaran, X B.P. Liu, X T.A. Hijaz, X M. Naidich, X A.J. Nemeth, X J. Gastala, X C. Krumpelman, X E.N. McComb, and X A.W. Korutz ABSTRACT SUMMARY: Functional MR imaging is being performed with increasing frequency in the typical neuroradiology practice; however, many readers of these studies have only a limited knowledge of the functional anatomy of the brain. This text will delineate the locations, anatomic boundaries, and functions of the cortical regions of the brain most commonly encountered in clinical practice—specifically, the regions involved in movement and language. ABBREVIATIONS: FFA ϭ fusiform face area; IPL ϭ inferior parietal lobule; PPC ϭ posterior parietal cortex; SMA ϭ supplementary motor area; VOTC ϭ ventral occipitotemporal cortex his article serves as a review of the functional areas of the brain serving to analyze spatial position and the ventral stream working Tmost commonly mapped during presurgical fMRI studies, to identify what an object is. Influenced by the dorsal and ventral specifically targeting movement and language. We have compiled stream model of vision, Hickok and Poeppel2 hypothesized a sim- what we hope is a useful, easily portable, and concise resource that ilar framework for language. In this model, the ventral stream, or can be accessible to radiologists everywhere. We begin with a re- lexical-semantic system, is involved in sound-to-meaning map- view of the language-processing system. Then we describe the pings associated with language comprehension and semantic ac- gross anatomic boundaries, organization, and function of each cess. -
Functional Connectivity of the Precuneus in Unmedicated Patients with Depression
Biological Psychiatry: CNNI Archival Report Functional Connectivity of the Precuneus in Unmedicated Patients With Depression Wei Cheng, Edmund T. Rolls, Jiang Qiu, Deyu Yang, Hongtao Ruan, Dongtao Wei, Libo Zhao, Jie Meng, Peng Xie, and Jianfeng Feng ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: The precuneus has connectivity with brain systems implicated in depression. METHODS: We performed the first fully voxel-level resting-state functional connectivity (FC) neuroimaging analysis of depression of the precuneus, with 282 patients with major depressive disorder and 254 control subjects. RESULTS: In 125 unmedicated patients, voxels in the precuneus had significantly increased FC with the lateral orbitofrontal cortex, a region implicated in nonreward that is thereby implicated in depression. FC was also increased in depression between the precuneus and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, temporal cortex, and angular and supramarginal areas. In patients receiving medication, the FC between the lateral orbitofrontal cortex and precuneus was decreased back toward that in the control subjects. In the 254 control subjects, parcellation revealed superior anterior, superior posterior, and inferior subdivisions, with the inferior subdivision having high connectivity with the posterior cingulate cortex, parahippocampal gyrus, angular gyrus, and prefrontal cortex. It was the ventral subdivision of the precuneus that had increased connectivity in depression with the lateral orbitofrontal cortex and adjoining inferior frontal gyrus. CONCLUSIONS: The findings support the theory that the system in the lateral orbitofrontal cortex implicated in the response to nonreceipt of expected rewards has increased effects on areas in which the self is represented, such as the precuneus. This may result in low self-esteem in depression. The increased connectivity of the precuneus with the prefrontal cortex short-term memory system may contribute to the rumination about low self-esteem in depression. -
Title: Angular Default Mode Network Connectivity Across Working Memory Load
Deniz Vatansever Angular Default Network in Working Memory Title: Angular Default Mode Network Connectivity Across Working Memory Load Short title: Angular Default Network in Working Memory D Vatansever1, AE Manktelow1, BJ Sahakian2, DK Menon1, EA Stamatakis1 1 Division of Anaesthesia and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK 2 Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK 3 Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK Keywords: default mode network, angular gyrus, intrinsic connectivity contrast, functional connectivity, working memory, behavioral performance, n-back Correspondence Details: Deniz Vatansever, MSc, BSc Department of Clinical Neurosciences Division of Anaesthesia University of Cambridge Box 93, Addenbrooke's Hospital Hills Road, Cambridge, UK CB2 0QQ E-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 (0) 1223 217892 Fax: ++ 44 (0) 1223 217887 Website: http://www.neuroscience.cam.ac.uk/directory/profile.php?ddsv2 Deniz Vatansever Angular Default Network in Working Memory Abstract Initially identified during no-task, Baseline conditions, it has now Been suggested that the default mode network (DMN) engages during a variety of working memory paradigms through its flexiBle interactions with other large-scale Brain networks. Nevertheless, its contriBution to whole-brain connectivity dynamics across increasing working memory load has not Been explicitly assessed. The aim of our study was to determine which DMN huBs relate to working memory task performance during an fMRI-based n-back paradigm with parametric increases in difficulty. Using a voxel-wise metric, termed the intrinsic connectivity contrast (ICC), we found that the Bilateral angular gyri (core DMN hubs) displayed the greatest change in global connectivity across three levels of n-back task load. -
Static and Dynamic Functional Connectivity Supports The
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Static and dynamic functional connectivity supports the confguration of brain networks associated with creative cognition Abhishek Uday Patil1,2,3, Sejal Ghate1, Deepa Madathil1, Ovid J. L. Tzeng2,3,4,5,6,7, Hsu‑Wen Huang8 & Chih‑Mao Huang2,3,4* Creative cognition is recognized to involve the integration of multiple spontaneous cognitive processes and is manifested as complex networks within and between the distributed brain regions. We propose that the processing of creative cognition involves the static and dynamic re‑confguration of brain networks associated with complex cognitive processes. We applied the sliding‑window approach followed by a community detection algorithm and novel measures of network fexibility on the blood‑oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signal of 8 major functional brain networks to reveal static and dynamic alterations in the network reconfguration during creative cognition using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Our results demonstrate the temporal connectivity of the dynamic large‑scale creative networks between default mode network (DMN), salience network, and cerebellar network during creative cognition, and advance our understanding of the network neuroscience of creative cognition. Te burgeoning feld of network science and its applications to cognitive and clinical neuroscience has pro- vided a framework to help understand the complex neurocognitive functions and reveal the pathological basis of neurological disorders. A network science approach helps us to understand the brain as a network through local and distributed processes1–4. Such an approach has been used in functional human neuroimaging (e.g., functional magnetic resonance imaging, fMRI) studies to understand Alzheimer’s diseases5–9, epilepsy10,11 and schizophrenia12–14, and to investigate cognitive functions associated with learning15, behavior16 and task performance17,18. -
Regional Increases of Cortical Thickness in Untreated, First-Episode
OPEN Citation: Transl Psychiatry (2014) 4, e378; doi:10.1038/tp.2014.18 © 2014 Macmillan Publishers Limited All rights reserved 2158-3188/14 www.nature.com/tp ORIGINAL ARTICLE Regional increases of cortical thickness in untreated, first- episode major depressive disorder L Qiu1,2,7,SLui1,7, W Kuang3, X Huang1,JLi3,JLi4, J Zhang1, H Chen4, JA Sweeney5,6 and Q Gong1 The large majority of structural MRI studies of major depressive disorder (MDD) investigated volumetric changes in chronic medicated patients in whom course of illness and treatment effects may impact anatomic measurements. Further, in few studies, separate measurements of cortical thickness and surface area have been performed that reflect different neurobiological processes regulated by different genetic mechanisms. In the present study, we investigated both cortical thickness and surface area in first- episode, treatment-naïve, mid-life MDD to elucidate the core pathophysiology of this disease and its early impact on the brain. We observed increased cortical thickness in the right hemisphere, including medial orbitofrontal gyrus, pars opercularis, rostral middle frontal gyrus and supramarginal gyrus. Increased thickness of rostral middle frontal gyrus was negatively related with depression severity on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. Furthermore, MDD patients showed significantly increased associations in cortical thickness measurements among areas where increased cortical thickness was observed. Analysis of pial area revealed a trend toward increased surface area in the left parahippocampal gyrus in MDD. To permit comparison of our data with those of previous gray matter volume studies, voxel-based morphometry was performed. That analysis revealed significantly increased gray matter volume in left paracentral lobule, left superior frontal gyrus, bilateral cuneus and thalamus which form limbic- cortico–striato–pallido–thalamic loops. -
Fiber Tracts of the Dorsal Language Stream in the Human Brain
LABORATORY INVESTIGATION J Neurosurg 124:1396–1405, 2016 Fiber tracts of the dorsal language stream in the human brain Kaan Yagmurlu, MD,1 Erik H. Middlebrooks, MD,2 Necmettin Tanriover, MD,3 and Albert L. Rhoton Jr., MD1 Departments of 1Neurological Surgery and 2Radiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; and 3Department of Neurosurgery, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Turkey OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine the arcuate (AF) and superior longitudinal fasciculi (SLF), which to- gether form the dorsal language stream, using fiber dissection and diffusion imaging techniques in the human brain. METHODS Twenty-five formalin-fixed brains (50 hemispheres) and 3 adult cadaveric heads, prepared according to the Klingler method, were examined by the fiber dissection technique. The authors’ findings were supported with MR trac- tography provided by the Human Connectome Project, WU-Minn Consortium. The frequencies of gyral distributions were calculated in segments of the AF and SLF in the cadaveric specimens. RESULTS The AF has ventral and dorsal segments, and the SLF has 3 segments: SLF I (dorsal pathway), II (middle pathway), and III (ventral pathway). The AF ventral segment connects the middle (88%; all percentages represent the area of the named structure that is connected to the tract) and posterior (100%) parts of the superior temporal gyri and the middle part (92%) of the middle temporal gyrus to the posterior part of the inferior frontal gyrus (96% in pars oper- cularis, 40% in pars triangularis) and the ventral premotor cortex (84%) by passing deep to the lower part of the supra- marginal gyrus (100%). -
Neural Dynamics Between Anterior Insular Cortex and Right Supramarginal Gyrus Dissociate Genuine
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.04.30.441951; this version posted May 17, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. 1 Neural dynamics between anterior insular cortex and right supramarginal gyrus dissociate genuine 2 affect sharing from automatic responses to pretended pain 3 Yili Zhao1, Lei Zhang1, Markus Rütgen1,2, Ronald Sladky1, Claus Lamm1,2* 4 1 Social, Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience Unit, Department of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods 5 in Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Liebiggasse 5, 1010 Vienna, Austria 6 2 Vienna Cognitive Science Hub, University of Vienna, Liebiggasse 5, 1010 Vienna, Austria 7 8 Abstract 9 Empathy for pain engages both shared affective responses and self-other distinction. In this study, 10 we addressed the highly debated question of whether neural responses previously linked to affect 11 sharing could result from the perception of salient affective displays. Moreover, we investigated how 12 affect sharing and self-other distinction interact to determine our response to a pain that is either 13 perceived as genuine or pretended (while in fact both were acted for reasons of experimental 14 control). We found stronger activations in regions associated with affect sharing (anterior insula, 15 aIns, and anterior mid-cingulate cortex, aMCC) as well as with affective self-other distinction (right 16 supramarginal gyrus, rSMG), in participants watching video clips of genuine vs. -
Algorithm to Confidently Identify the Cerebral Lobes
Julian Dobranowski, Aninda Saha, Rita Nassanga Department of Radiology St. Joseph’s Healthcare McMaster University Hamilton, Ontario, Canada • ! • ! • ! • ! • " ! Contiguous: Interrupted: -Interhemispheric fissure 100% -Precentral sulcus 100% -Sylvian fissure 100% -Inferior temporal sulcus 100% -Occipito-parietal fissure 100% -Central sulcus 92% -Calcarine fissure 92% !! Friedrich Louis Pierre Yaşargil Arnold Gratiolet (1803–1890) (1815–1865) • Frontal • Frontal • Parietal • Frontal • Parietal • Occipital • Parietal • Occipital • Temporal • Occipital • Temporal • Insular Above terms used to first • Insular • Limbic describe the This presentation is restricted to cranial bones identifying the Frontal, Parietal, Occipital and Temporal lobes Animation slide. Please wait Click Next Now Click for Answer Parietotemporal line : An imaginary line that connects the point of emergence of the parietooccipital sulcus (on the superomedial border of the cerebral hemisphere) with the preoccipital notch 1. Find the close to midline sagittal slices. 2. Identify the corpus callosum. 3. Identify the cingulate gyrus and sulcus. 4. Follow the cingulate sulcus posteriorly and superiorly. This is the marginal branch – ( bracket sign). 5. This lies is in the paracentral lobule. 6. First sulcus -
Effects of Aging on Brain Networks During Swallowing
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Efects of aging on brain networks during swallowing: general linear model and independent component analyses Woo‑Suk Tae1,5, Sekwang Lee2,5, Sunyoung Choi3 & Sung‑Bom Pyun1,2,4* Swallowing disorders occur more frequently in older adults. However, the efects of the aging process on neural activation when swallowing are unclear. We aimed to identify neural regions activated during swallowing and evaluate changes in neural activation and neural networks with aging. Using a general linear model (GLM) and independent component (IC) analyses, blood oxygen level‑dependent (BOLD) signals were observed in the lateral precentral gyrus, postcentral gyrus, anterior insular cortices, supramarginal gyri, and medial frontal gyrus during swallowing. The right thalamus and anterior cingulate gyri were found to be active areas by GLM and IC analyses, respectively. In the correlational analyses, age was negatively correlated with BOLD signals of the lateral precentral gyri, postcentral gyri, and insular cortices in swallowing tasks. Additionally, correlation analyses between ICs of all participants and age revealed negative correlations in the right supramarginal gyrus, both anterior cingulate cortices, putamen, and cerebellum. In the network analysis, the BOLD signal positively correlated with age in the default mode network (DMN), and was negatively correlated in the lateral precentral gyri, postcentral gyri, and insular cortices. The amplitude of low‑frequency fuctuations was signifcantly decreased in the DMN and increased in swallowing‑related areas during swallowing tasks. These results suggest that aging has negative efects on the activation of swallowing‑related regions and task‑induced deactivation of the DMN. These changes may be used to detect early functional decline during swallowing.