Estudo Histológico E Biomecânico Da Tendinopatia Induzida Por Injeções Seriadas De Colagenase: Novo Modelo Experimental No

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Estudo Histológico E Biomecânico Da Tendinopatia Induzida Por Injeções Seriadas De Colagenase: Novo Modelo Experimental No CÉSAR DE CÉSAR NETTO Estudo histológico e biomecânico da tendinopatia induzida por injeções seriadas de colagenase: novo modelo experimental no tendão do calcâneo de coelhos Tese apresentada à Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo para obtenção do Título de Doutor em Ciências Programa de Ortopedia e Traumatologia Orientador: Prof. Dr. Túlio Diniz Fernandes São Paulo 2017 Dados Internacionais de Catalogação na Publicação (CIP) Preparada pela Biblioteca da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo reprodução autorizada pelo autor Cesar Netto, Cesar de Estudo histológico e biomecânico da tendinopatia induzida por injeções seriadas de colagenase : novo modelo experimental no tendão do calcâneo de coelhos/ Cesar de Cesar Netto. -- São Paulo, 2017. Tese(doutorado)--Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo. Programa de Ortopedia e Traumatologia. Orientador: Túlio Diniz Fernandes. Descritores: 1.Tendinopatia 2.Tendão do calcâneo 3.Modelos animais 4.Tendinopatia induzida quimicamente 5.Colagenase bacteriana 6.Coelhos USP/FM/DBD-105/17 Dedicatória Dedicatória À minha amada esposa Sabrina, amor da minha vida, que sempre esteve ao meu lado, me apoiando nos momentos mais difíceis. À minha filha Manuela, razão do meu viver. À minha filha Juliana, que logo estará conosco e nos trará ainda mais alegria. Aos meus amados pais Luiz Edmundo e Maria Amélia, pelo amor e carinho, e por proporcionarem todas as oportunidades da minha vida. À minha querida irmã Marcela, eterna companheira, que me presenteou com meus amados sobrinhos Gianluca e Sofia. Ao meu saudoso avô Osvaldo, melhor amigo. A Deus, por me dar saúde e sempre me guiar pelos melhores caminhos. César de César Netto Agradecimentos Agradecimentos Ao meu orientador e chefe, Prof. Dr. Túlio Diniz Fernandes, exemplo de caráter e médico, pelos ensinamentos e amizade. Ao Prof. Dr. Olavo Pires de Camargo, exemplo de pesquisador, pela confiança e respaldo em momentos difíceis dentro da Instituição. Aos Professores Tarcísio Eloy P. Barros Filho e Gilberto Luis Camanho, pela oportunidade. Ao Prof. Dr. Lew Schon, por me acolher como filho, acreditar no meu potencial e me ensinar a ser uma melhor pessoa, médico e pesquisador. Ao Prof. Dr. Marcos Hideyo Sakaki, modelo de Médico Preceptor, pelo apoio na minha formação ortopédica e acadêmica. À Prof. Dra. Sílvia Lourenço, grande incentivadora de todas as fases do projeto, pela atenção, ensino, disponibilidade e paciência. Ao Dr. Ricardo Hsieh, pela ajuda, ensinamentos e paciência. Ao Prof. Dr. Marcílio Alves, por possibilitar a realização do estudo biomecânico na Escola Politécnica da Universidade de São Paulo. César de César Netto Agradecimentos Ao Prof. Dr. Alexandre Leme Godoy-Santos, pela parceria e ensinamentos. Ao amigo Dr. Pedro Augusto Pontin, por estar sempre presente. Ao Dr. Renato José Mendonça Natalino, pelo trabalho magnífico na análise histológica. Ao Dr. Gustavo Bispo dos Santos, pelo apoio e cuidado com os animais. Ao engenheiro César Augusto Martins Pereira, pela dedicação, apoio e brilhantismo na análise biomecânica. À tecnóloga Maria do Carmo Nunes, pelo carinho, amizade e cuidado com os animais. Aos amigos Dr. Francisco Diego Oliveira Lima e Dr. Lucas Furtado da Fonseca, pelo apoio incondicional. Às fundamentais Tânia Maria Borges e Rosana Moreno Costa, pelo carinho e prestatividade. César de César Netto Epígrafe Chi po non vo, Chi vo non po, Chi sa non fa, Chi fa non sa, Et così il mondo mal va Ascoli Piceno (1529) César de César Netto Normalização Adotada NORMATIZAÇÃO ADOTADA Esta tese está de acordo com as seguintes normas, em vigor no momento desta publicação: Referências: adaptado de International Committee of Medical Journals Editors (Vancouver). Universidade de São Paulo. Faculdade de Medicina. Divisão de Biblioteca e Documentação. Guia de apresentação de dissertações, teses e monografias. Elaborado por Anneliese Carneiro da Cunha, Maria Julia de A. L. Freddi, Maria F. Crestana, Marinalva de Souza Aragão, Suely Campos Cardoso, Valéria Vilhena. 3a ed. São Paulo: Divisão de Biblioteca e Documentação; 2011. Abreviaturas dos títulos dos periódicos de acordo com List of Journals Indexed in Index Medicus. Terminologia Anatômica em Português conforme a Terminologia Anatômica Internacional da Federative Committee on Anatomical Terminology - FCAT (Comissão Federativa de Terminologia Anatômica - CFTA) aprovada em 1998 e traduzida pela Comissão de Terminologia Anatômica da Sociedade Brasileira de Anatomia – CTA-SBA. 1a ed. (Brasileira) São Paulo, Editora Manole Ltda 2001. 248p. César de César Netto Normalização Adotada Utilizaram-se a terminologia e as definições estatísticas conforme o Guia para Expressão da Incerteza de Medição, Segunda Edição Brasileira do Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (BIPM, IEC, IFCC, ISSO, IUPAC, IUPAP, OIML, 1983). Edição Revisada (Agosto de 1998) – Rio de Janeiro: ABNT, INMETRO, SBM, 1998. César de César Netto Sumário SUMÁRIO Lista de Figuras Lista de Gráficos Lista de Tabelas Lista de Símbolos, Abreviaturas e Siglas Resumo Summary 1 INTRODUÇÃO......................................................................... 2 2 OBJETIVO............................................................................... 6 3 REVISÃO DA LITERATURA................................................... 8 3.1 Tendão do calcâneo................................................................ 8 3.2 Tendinopatia do tendão do calcâneo....................................... 15 3.3 Modelos animais de tendinopatia............................................ 24 3.3.1 Modelos animais de tendinopatia induzida por sobrecarga mecânica.................................................................................. 28 3.3.2 Modelos animais de tendinopatia induzida por sobrecarga química.................................................................................... 32 4 MÉTODOS............................................................................... 49 4.1 Ética......................................................................................... 49 4.2 Modelo animal de tendinopatia do tendão do calcâneo.......... 49 4.2.1 Animais de experimentação.................................................... 49 4.2.2 Critérios de inclusão e exclusão............................................. 50 4.2.3 Formação dos grupos experimentais...................................... 51 César de César Netto Sumário 4.2.4 Protocolo de anestesia............................................................ 56 4.2.5 Procedimento cirúrgico............................................................ 56 4.2.6 Procedimento pós-cirúrgico.................................................... 62 4.2.7 Manutenção dos animais......................................................... 63 4.3 Eutanásia................................................................................. 63 4.4 Preparo das amostras teciduais.............................................. 64 4.5 Exame anatomopatológico...................................................... 67 4.6 Estudo biomecânico................................................................ 70 4.7 Cálculo da amostra.................................................................. 81 4.8 Desfechos avaliados................................................................ 82 4.9 Análise estatística.................................................................... 83 5 RESULTADOS........................................................................ 85 5.1 Análise histológica................................................................... 87 5.2 Análise biomecânica................................................................ 98 5.2.1 Análise dos dados para área de secção transversa................ 105 5.2.2 Análise dos dados para rigidez................................................ 109 5.2.3 Análise dos dados para módulo de elasticidade..................... 111 5.2.4 Análise dos dados para força no limite da elasticidade........... 113 5.2.5 Análise dos dados para deformação no limite da elasticidade 115 5.2.6 Análise dos dados para porcentagem de deformação no limite da elasticidade............................................................... 117 5.2.7 Análise dos dados para tensão no limite da elasticidade........ 119 5.2.8 Análise dos dados para energia no limite da elasticidade....... 121 5.2.9 Análise dos dados para força no limite da resistência máxima........ 123 César de César Netto Sumário 5.2.10 Análise dos dados para deformação no limite da resistência máxima.................................................................................... 125 5.2.11 Análise dos dados para porcentagem de deformação no limite da resistência máxima.................................................... 127 5.2.12 Análise dos dados para tensão no limite da resistência máxima.................................................................................... 129 5.2.13 Análise dos dados para energia no limite da resistência máxima.................................................................................... 131 5.2.14 Análise dos dados para densidade de energia de deformação no limite da elasticidade...................................... 133 5.2.15 Análise dos dados para densidade de energia de deformação no limite da resistência máxima........................... 135 6 DISCUSSÃO............................................................................ 138 7 CONCLUSÃO.......................................................................... 151 8 ANEXOS.................................................................................
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