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Reinforcing the U.S.-Taiwan Relationship
Reinforcing the U.S.-Taiwan Relationship Testimony before the House Committee on Foreign Affairs Subcommittee on Asia and the Pacific United States House of Representatives Mark Stokes Executive Director The Project 2049 Institute Tuesday, April 17, 2018 Mr. Chairman and esteemed subcommittee members, thank you for the opportunity to testify today alongside my two distinguished colleagues. My remarks address the United States and future policy options in the Taiwan Strait. With the inauguration of President Tsai Ing-wen and the administration of the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) in May 2016, the Republic of China (Taiwan) completed its third peaceful transition of presidential power and the first transfer of power within its legislature in history. Since that time, the People’s Republic of China (PRC) and its ruling Chinese Communist Party (CCP) have sought to further isolate Taiwan internationally and coerce its democratically-elected government militarily. Panama and Sao Tome and Príncipe's abrupt shifts in diplomatic relations from the ROC to PRC are recent examples. Authorities in Beijing also have leveraged their financial influence to shut Taiwan out of international organizations, such as the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), and the International Criminal Police Organization (INTERPOL), among others. Tourists holding ROC passports are denied entry into the United Nations. The Chinese Communist Party has long sought the political subordination of people on Taiwan under its formula for unification -- “One Country, Two Systems.” Under this so- called “One China Principle,” there is One China, Taiwan is part of China, and the PRC is the sole representative of China in the international community. -
New Challenges and Opportunities in the Taiwan Strait: Defining America’S Role
New Challenges and Opportunities in the Taiwan Strait: Defining America’s Role By Thomas J. Christensen PREFACE Nations define their identities in many ways – through language, culture, political ideology, religion, ethnicity, and territory. When one or more of these elements becomes contested either between nations or within them, the potential for conflict and war arises. In the case of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) and the Republic of China (ROC) on Taiwan, all six of these elements are now to a greater or lesser degree being contested. The official view of the PRC is that Taiwan is part of a yet-to-be-defined “one China.” The ROC no longer claims to be the legitimate government of all of China; its official position is that it is a separate, independent state, reunification is only an option, and an option that could only be achieved should both sides of the Strait, as equals, come to a mutually satisfactory agreement. Adding to the complexity of what is known as cross-Strait relations is the deep involvement of the United States, which maintains close but “unofficial” ties with Taiwan and ever-expanding, official relations with the mainland, and whose policies and military support for Taiwan are designed to dissuade both parties from actions that would lead them to violent conflict. Developments of major historical significance have taken place in the PRC and the ROC since Truman first involved the United States by sending the Seventh Fleet to patrol the Taiwan Strait shortly after the outbreak of the Korean War. The two most relevant to current cross-Strait relations are the PRC’s “Reform and Opening” and its resulting economic growth, and the development of multi-party democracy in the ROC. -
Communists Take Power in China
2 Communists Take Power in China MAIN IDEA WHY IT MATTERS NOW TERMS & NAMES REVOLUTION After World War II, China remains a Communist •Mao Zedong • Red Guards Chinese Communists defeated country and a major power in • Jiang Jieshi • Cultural Revolution Nationalist forces and two the world. • commune separate Chinas emerged. SETTING THE STAGE In World War II, China fought on the side of the victo- rious Allies. But the victory proved to be a hollow one for China. During the war, Japan’s armies had occupied and devastated most of China’s cities. China’s civilian death toll alone was estimated between 10 to 22 million persons. This vast country suffered casualties second only to those of the Soviet Union. However, conflict did not end with the defeat of the Japanese. In 1945, opposing Chinese armies faced one another. TAKING NOTES Communists vs. Nationalists Recognizing Effects Use a chart to identify As you read in Chapter 14, a bitter civil war was raging between the Nationalists the causes and effects and the Communists when the Japanese invaded China in 1937. During World of the Communist War II, the political opponents temporarily united to fight the Japanese. But they Revolution in China. continued to jockey for position within China. Cause Effect World War II in China Under their leader, Mao Zedong (MOW dzuh•dahng), 1. 1. the Communists had a stronghold in northwestern China. From there, they mobi- 2. 2. lized peasants for guerrilla war against the Japanese in the northeast. Thanks to 3. 3. their efforts to promote literacy and improve food production, the Communists won the peasants’ loyalty. -
A Fantasy Theme Analysis
Intercultural Communication Studies XV-1 2006 Lee The Editorial Commentaries of the 2004 Referendum Issue in Taiwan: A Fantasy Theme Analysis Pei-Ling Lee, Bowling Green State University Abstract This paper, based on fantasy theme analysis, discusses editorial contents that relate to the 2004 referendum issue in Taiwan. The main purposes are to investigate: (1) What kind of fantasy themes are created in these three Taiwanese newspapers? (2) How and why do these newspapers shape rhetorical visions? (3) How do different rhetorical visions of the referendum issue and the independence-unification controversy in Taiwan influence each other? Editorials from three major Taiwanese newspapers, United Daily News, China Times, and Liberty Times, were chosen to be analyzed. Introduction Taiwan, an island near the southeast coast of China, is one area that may break out warfare in the world. The political conflict between China and Taiwan has continued more than 50 years, and the diplomatic, economic, and arms races have never stopped. Since 1949, the PRC (the People’s Republic of China) and the ROC (the Republic of China) governments have competed over the legal sovereignty of China. In 1971, the PRC government replaced the ROC’s representation at United Nations, and most countries of the world have recognized the PRC’s sovereignty of China since then. The independent-unification controversy in Taiwan has come into public notice and caused conflicts among different sub-cultural groups after the previous ruling party, Kuomintang (KMT), lifted the martial law in 1987. After the former president of ROC, Lee Teng-Hui, announced the “special state-to- state” theory in 1999, the 2004 referendum in Taiwan was another political event that created the possibility of armed conflict and caused tension in the China-Taiwan relationship. -
The One China Policy and Taiwan: Trump Is Playing with Fire Next to A
January 2017 1/2017 Jyrki Kallio The Finnish Institute of International Affairs The One China policy and Taiwan:Trump is playing with fire next to a powder keg Will the Taiwan Issue once again become central to US-China relations once Donald Trump’s presidential term gets underway or is it just a storm in a teacup? US President-elect Donald Trump still officially considered a province, recognizes the government of the indicated in a TV news interview in although its factual independence is PRC as the sole legal government of December 2016: “I don’t know why tolerated in practice. Internationally, China. At the same time, according we have to be bound by a One China Taiwan can be considered a sovereign to the EEAS factsheet on EU-Taiwan policy unless we make a deal with nation in many aspects – the most relations, it insists that any arrange- China having to do with other things, significant exception being the lack ment between the two sides of the including trade”. The sentiment of recognition by the majority of the Taiwan Strait can only be achieved that China is playing by unfair rules world’s countries and international on a mutually acceptable basis, is widely shared in the US, but the organizations like the UN. “with reference also to the wishes suggestion of using the One China The One China policy is central of the Taiwanese population”. This policy as a bargaining chip was new. to the PRC’s diplomatic relations. means that the EU, similarly to the To make matters worse for China, It means that any country that US, does not unconditionally accept the Taiwanese leader, Tsai Ing-wen, recognizes the PRC must break the PRC’s claim over Taiwan. -
Taiwan After the Election
ANALYSIS CHINA TAIWAN AFTER THE ELECTION Introduction ABOUT by François Godement The Chinese have long been obsessed with strategic culture, power balances and geopolitical shifts. Academic institutions, think tanks, journals Taiwan is important as an unresolved issue. It is also the and web-based debate are growing in number and European Union’s fifth-largest trade partner in Asia and a quality and give China’s foreign policy breadth and source of major investment abroad. For years, Europe has depth. had a very simple two-sided declaratory policy – no use of China Analysis, which is published in both French force and no independence – that has been likened to a “one and English, introduces European audiences to China” policy. Under that mantle, relations have expanded, these debates inside China’s expert and think-tank including a visa-free policy of greeting Taiwanese tourists world and helps the European policy community and businessmen. For these reasons, Europe’s approach understand how China’s leadership thinks appears now stationary. During his first term in the past about domestic and foreign policy issues. While freedom of expression and information remain five years, President Ma Ying-jeou has greatly stabilised restricted in China’s media, these published political cross-strait relations, helped by China’s decision to sources and debates provide an important way of be patient. Taiwan has collected the economic profits and understanding emerging trends within China. also opened itself to visitors from the mainland for the first time since 1949. Each issue of China Analysis focuses on a specific theme and draws mainly on Chinese mainland sources. -
The Long Shadow of Chinese Censorship: How the Communist Party’S Media Restrictions Affect News Outlets Around the World
The Long Shadow of Chinese Censorship: How the Communist Party’s Media Restrictions Affect News Outlets Around the World A Report to the Center for International Media Assistance By Sarah Cook October 22, 2013 The Center for International Media Assistance (CIMA), at the National Endowment for Democracy, works to strengthen the support, raise the visibility, and improve the effectiveness of independent media development throughout the world. The Center provides information, builds networks, conducts research, and highlights the indispensable role independent media play in the creation and development of sustainable democracies. An important aspect of CIMA’s work is to research ways to attract additional U.S. private sector interest in and support for international media development. CIMA convenes working groups, discussions, and panels on a variety of topics in the field of media development and assistance. The center also issues reports and recommendations based on working group discussions and other investigations. These reports aim to provide policymakers, as well as donors and practitioners, with ideas for bolstering the effectiveness of media assistance. Don Podesta Interim Senior Director Center for International Media Assistance National Endowment for Democracy 1025 F Street, N.W., 8th Floor Washington, DC 20004 Phone: (202) 378-9700 Fax: (202) 378-9407 Email: [email protected] URL: http://cima.ned.org Design and Layout by Valerie Popper About the Author Sarah Cook Sarah Cook is a senior research analyst for East Asia at Freedom House. She manages the editorial team producing the China Media Bulletin, a biweekly news digest of media freedom developments related to the People’s Republic of China. -
Scoring One for the Other Team
FIVE TURTLES IN A FLASK: FOR TAIWAN’S OUTER ISLANDS, AN UNCERTAIN FUTURE HOLDS A CERTAIN FATE A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE DIVISION OF THE UNIVERSITY OF HAWAI‘I AT MĀNOA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS IN ASIAN STUDIES MAY 2018 By Edward W. Green, Jr. Thesis Committee: Eric Harwit, Chairperson Shana J. Brown Cathryn H. Clayton Keywords: Taiwan independence, offshore islands, strait crisis, military intervention TABLE OF CONTENTS Page List of Tables ................................................................................................................ ii List of Figures ............................................................................................................... iii I. Introduction ............................................................................................................... 1 II. Scope and Organization ........................................................................................... 6 III. Dramatis Personae: The Five Islands ...................................................................... 9 III.1. Itu Aba ..................................................................................................... 11 III.2. Matsu ........................................................................................................ 14 III.3. The Pescadores ......................................................................................... 16 III.4. Pratas ....................................................................................................... -
New Foreign Policy Actors in China
Stockholm InternatIonal Peace reSearch InStItute SIPrI Policy Paper new ForeIgn PolIcy new Foreign Policy actors in china 26 actorS In chIna September 2010 The dynamic transformation of Chinese society that has paralleled linda jakobson and dean knox changes in the international environment has had a direct impact on both the making and shaping of Chinese foreign policy. To understand the complex nature of these changes is of utmost importance to the international community in seeking China’s engagement and cooperation. Although much about China’s foreign policy decision making remains obscure, this Policy Paper make clear that it is possible to identify the interest groups vying for a voice in policy formulation and to explore their policy preferences. Uniquely informed by the authors’ access to individuals across the full range of Chinese foreign policy actors, this Policy Paper reveals a number of emergent trends, chief among them the changing face of China’s official decision-making apparatus and the direction that actors on the margins would like to see Chinese foreign policy take. linda Jakobson (Finland) is Director of the SIPRI China and Global Security Programme. She has lived and worked in China for over 15 years and is fluent in Chinese. She has written six books about China and has published extensively on China’s foreign policy, the Taiwan Strait, China’s energy security, and China’s policies on climate change and science and technology. Prior to joining SIPRI in 2009, Jakobson worked for 10 years for the Finnish Institute of International Affairs (FIIA), most recently as director of its China Programme. -
The Taiwan Issue and the Normalization of US-China Relations Richard Bush, Brookings Institution Shelley Rigger, Davidson Colleg
The Taiwan Issue and the Normalization of US-China Relations Richard Bush, Brookings Institution Shelley Rigger, Davidson College The Taiwan Issue in US-China Normalization After 1949, there were many obstacles to normalization of relations between the United States and the new People’s Republic of China (PRC), but Taiwan was no doubt a key obstacle. The Kuomintang-led Republic of China (ROC) government and armies had retreated there. Washington maintained diplomatic relations with the ROC government and, in 1954-55, acceded to Chiang Kai-shek’s entreaties for a mutual defense treaty. After June 1950 with the outbreak of the Korean conflict, the United States took the position that the status of the island of Taiwan— whether it was part of the sovereign territory of China—was “yet to be determined.” More broadly, PRC leaders regarded the United States as a threat to their regime, particularly because of its support for the ROC, and American leaders viewed China as a threat to peace and stability in East Asia and to Taiwan, which they saw as an ally in the containment of Asian communism in general and China in particular. It was from Taiwan’s Ching Chuan Kang (CCK) airbase, for example, that U.S. B-52s flew bombing missions over North Vietnam. By the late 1960s, PRC and U.S. leaders recognized the strategic situation in Asia had changed, and that the geopolitical interests of the two countries were not in fundamental conflict. Jimmy Carter and Deng Xiaoping not only reaffirmed that assessment but also recognized a basis for economic cooperation. -
Urban China China
URBAN CHINA URBAN URBAN CHINA CHINA TOWARD EFFICIENT, CITIES AND SUSTAINABLE INCLUSIVE, INCLUSIVE, AND TOWARD EFFICIENT, SUSTAINABLE URBANIZATION INCLUSIVE, AND BUILDING EFFICIENT, BUILDING EFFICIENT, SUSTAINABLE URBANIZATION The World Bank Development Research Center of the State Council, The People’s Republic of China ISBN 978-1-4648-0206-5 90000 9781464 802065 SKU 210206 Urban China Urban China Toward Efficient, Inclusive, and Sustainable Urbanization The World Bank Development Research Center of the State Council, the People’s Republic of China Washington, DC © 2014 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank and the Development Research Center of the State Council, P. R. China 1818 H Street NW, Washington DC 20433 Telephone: 202-473-1000; Internet: www.worldbank.org Some rights reserved 1 2 3 4 17 16 15 14 This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank and the Development Research Center of the State Council, P.R. China. Note that neither The World Bank nor the Development Research Center of the State Council, P. R. China necessarily own each component of the content included in the work. The World Bank and the Development Research Center of the State Council, P. R. China therefore do not warrant that the use of the content contained in the work will not infringe on the rights of third parties. The risk of claims resulting from such infringement rests solely with you. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of nor imply an official endorsement by The World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors, the governments they represent, or the Government of China. -
Media Commercialization and Authoritarian Rule in China
Trim: 6.125in 9.25in Top: 0.5in Gutter: 0.875in × CUUS1796-FM CUUS1796/Stockmann ISBN: 978 1 107 01844 0 August 27, 2012 20:24 Media Commercialization and Authoritarian Rule in China In most liberal democracies, commercialized media is taken for granted, but in many authoritarian regimes, the introduction of market forces in the media represents a radical break from the past, with uncer- tain political and social implications. In Media Commercialization and Authoritarian Rule in China,DanielaStockmannarguesthatthecon- sequences of media marketization depend on the institutional design of the state. In one-party regimes such as China, market-based media promote regime stability rather than destabilizing authoritarianism or bringing about democracy. By analyzing the Chinese media, Stockmann ties trends of market liberalism in China to other authoritarian regimes in the Middle East, North Africa, Sub-Saharan Africa, and the post- Soviet region. Drawing on in-depth interviews with Chinese journalists and propaganda officials as well as more than 2,000 newspaper articles, experiments, and public opinion data sets, this book links censorship among journalists with patterns of media consumption and media’s effects on public opinion. Daniela Stockmann is Assistant Professor of Political Science at Leiden University. Her research on political communication and public opin- ion in China has been published in Comparative Political Studies, Political Communication, The China Quarterly,andtheChinese Jour- nal of Communication,amongothers.Her2006 conference paper on the Chinese media and public opinion received an award in Political Communication from the American Political Science Association. i Trim: 6.125in 9.25in Top: 0.5in Gutter: 0.875in × CUUS1796-FM CUUS1796/Stockmann ISBN: 978 1 107 01844 0 August 27, 2012 20:24 ii Trim: 6.125in 9.25in Top: 0.5in Gutter: 0.875in × CUUS1796-FM CUUS1796/Stockmann ISBN: 978 1 107 01844 0 August 27, 2012 20:24 Communication, Society, and Politics Editors W.