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Крымский Архив, 2015, № 1 (16) Главный Редактор / Editor-In-Chief Крымский Курьянов С.О

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Крымский Архив, 2015, № 1 (16) Главный Редактор / Editor-In-Chief Крымский Курьянов С.О КРЫМСКИЙ АРХИВ, 2015, № 1 (16) ГЛАВНЫЙ РЕДАКТОР / EDITOR-IN-CHIEF КРЫМСКИЙ Курьянов С.О. / Kuryanov S.O., д-р филол. наук, доц. АРХИВ ЗАМЕСТИТЕЛИ ГЛАВНОГО РЕДАКТОРА / DEPUTY EDITOR-IN-CHIEF 2015 Ишин А.В. / Ishin A.V., д-р ист. наук, доц. № 1 (16) Минчик С.С. / Minchik S.S., к-т филол. наук научный рецензируемый историко-краеведческий и ОТВЕТСТВЕННЫЙ СЕКРЕТАРЬ / литературно-философский EXECUTIVE SECRETARY журнал Курьянова В.В. / Kuryanova V.V., к-т филол. наук Издается с 1994 года. Выходит 4 раза в год. РЕДАКЦИОННАЯ КОЛЛЕГИЯ / EDITORIAL BOARD УЧРЕДИТЕЛЬ: Берестовская Д.С. / Berestovskaya D.S., ФГАОУ ВО «Крымский д-р филос. наук, проф. федеральный университет Богданович Г.Ю. / Bogdanovich G.Yu., имени В. И. Вернадского». д-р филол. наук, проф. Габриелян О.А. / Gabrielian O.A., ISSN: 2415-8283 д-р филос. наук, проф. Герцен А.Г. / Gertcen A.G., Журнал включен в к-т ист. наук, доц. Гуменюк В.И. / Gumeniuk V.I., Российский индекс научного д-р филол. наук, проф. цитирования (РИНЦ). Керимов И.А. / Kerimov I.A., д-р филол. наук, проф. Журнал зарегистрирован Меметова Э.Ш. / Miemietova E.Sh., Федеральной службой по к-т филол. наук, доц. надзору в сфере связи, информа- Непомнящий А.А. / Niepomniashchiy A.A., ционных технологий и массо- д-р ист. наук, проф. вых коммуникаций (Роскомнад- Новикова М.А. / Novikova M.A., д-р филол. наук, проф. зор). Свидетельство ПИ № ФС Петрова Э.Б. / Pietrova E.B., 77-61818 от 18 мая 2015 года. д-р ист. наук, проф. Печатается по решению Ученого Филимонов С. Б. / Filimonov S.B., совета КФУ, протокол № 9 д-р ист. наук, проф. от 03.08.2015. Чигрина Н. В. / Chigrina N.V., Подписан к печати 10.08.2015. к-т социол. наук, доц. Отпечатан в издательском отделе АДРЕС РЕДКОЛЛЕГИИ: ФГАОУ ВО «КФУ им. В.И. Вернадского». 295007, Республика Крым, Симферополь, пр. Вернадского, 2, ТА КФУ, Статьи и материалы кафедра русской и зарубежной литературы, публикуются на русском, редакция журнала, каб. 210. украинском и крымскотатарс- Тел.: +7978 798-75-37. ком языках. E-mail: [email protected] Авторские материалы могут не отражать точку зрения редакции. Рукописи не возвращаются. Любое воспроизведение материалов без письменного согласия редакции не допускается. При перепечатке ссылка на журнал обязательна. © ФГАОУ ВО «КФУ им. В.И. Вернадского», 2015 1 КРЫМСКИЙ АРХИВ, 2015, № 1 (16) СОДЕРЖАНИЕ КРЫМ И ЛИТЕРАТУРНАЯ ДЕЙСТВИТЕЛЬНОСТЬ Куртумеров Э.-У. Э.-У. Изображение атеистического мировоззрения в крымскотатарской литературе ................................. 3 Шалина М. А. Творческий дискурс Е. Г. Никифорова: подходы к осмыслению ......................................................................... 8 Минчик С. С. А. С. Грибоедов и система творческих принципов А. И. Полканова ................................................................... 22 Сеитмеметова С. А. Необходимость реконструкции книжного собрания Исмаила Гаспринского как неотъемлемое условие развития музея просветителя .............. 45 КРЫМ В ИСТОРИЧЕСКОМ ИЗМЕРЕНИИ Бабаджан А. А. Несколько документов из фонда С. М. Шапшала ..... 57 Калиновский В. В. Биографические материалы об Архиепископе Херсонском и Таврическом Иннокентии (Борисове) на страницах газеты «Одесский вестник» (по материалам 1856–1857 гг.) ......................... 62 Мустафаева Э. Н. Печатные и архивные материалы А. И. Полканова по истории и культуре крымских татар .................... 75 Непомнящий А. А. Из истории изучения Крыма в Москве в XIX веке: неизвестная грань творчества известных ученых .......... 86 Филимонов С. Б. Некрологи Р. И. Гельвига: к 95-летию со дня кончины первого ректора Таврического университета .................................................................... 114 КРЫМ И МИРОВАЯ КУЛЬТУРА Алпашкина О. Н. Предметы из Юсуповского дворца в Коккозах в коллекции Бахчисарайского музея-заповедника: история формирования и особенности ................................................ 129 Вдовиченко И. И., Турова Н. П. Великий князь Александр Михайлович Романов – коллекционер и археолог-аматор ....................................................................................... 138 Кугушева А. Ю. Графика Ф. А. Малявина в крымском собрании (из фондов Симферопольского художественного музея) ............................................................................................................. 164 Полканова А. Ю., Мамутова З. А. Деревянные резные потолки в традиционном жилище Крыма ........................................... 170 2 КРЫМСКИЙ АРХИВ, 2015, № 1 (16) КРЫМ И ЛИТЕРАТУРНАЯ ДЕЙСТВИТЕЛЬНОСТЬ УДК: 82=512.14–94 КЪЫРЫМТАТАР ЭДЕБИЯТЫНДА АТЕИСТИК ДЮНЬЯБАКЪЫШНЫНЪ ТАСВИРЛЕНЮВИ Куртумеров Эмир-Усеин Эмир-Усеинович, старший преподаватель кафедры крымскотатарской филологии факультета крымскотатарской и восточной филологии ФГАОУ ВО «Крымский федеральный университет имени В. И. Вернадского» (г. Симферополь, Республика Крым, РФ). Моб. тел.: +7 978 054-38-89, e-mail: [email protected] Куртумеров Э.-У. Э.-У. Изображение атеистического мировоззрения в крым- скотатарской литературе. Статья посвящена освещению одному из ведущих направлений государствен- ной политики в первые годы Советской власти – атеистическому воспитанию. На примере творчества Ыргъата Кадыра, Эшрефа Шемьизаде, Дж. Дагджи и других исследуется взаимосвязь антирелигиозной работы с задачами строитель- ства нового общества в Крыму. Особое внимание обращено на формы и методы антирелигиозной пропаганды, выбор которых зависел от конкретных полити- ческих и экономических условий. Атеизм, как отрицающее религию мировоззрение, не будучи формально про- возглашённым в СССР элементом государственной идеологии, активно поддер- живался партийными и государственными органами. Изучая произведения крым- скотатарских писателей и поэтов можно прийти к выводу, что антирелигиоз- ное движение советского времени было крайне неоднородным, противоречивым, что отражало социальную неоднородность общества. Ключевые слова: атеистическое воспитание, антирелигиозная пропаганда, комсомол, молодёжь, религия, молитва. «Атеизм (юнан. “a”– ёкъ, “theos” – Аллах) – Аллахны инкяр этмек, умумен динни инкяр этмекнен багълы фикирлер системасыдыр. Маркс атеизми – атеизминъ энъ юксек формасы олып, диний гъаелерни иль- мий нокъта-и назарда тенкъит этмекнен огъраша, дюнья аяты акъкъын- © Э.-У. Э.-У. Куртумеров, 2015 3 КРЫМСКИЙ АРХИВ, 2015, № 1 (16) даки диний бакъышларнынъ маиетини инджелей ве оларгъа дюньянынъ диалектик-материалистик корюнишини къаршы къоя. Маркс атеизми диний итикъадларнынъ пейда олув себеплерини анълата, оларнынъ ич- тимай вазифесини ве диний хурафатларнынъ огюни алувнынъ ёллары- ны ве имкянларыны бельгилей»,- деп язылгъан 1980сенеси Москвада чыкъкъан «Сиясий терминлер лугъаты»нда. Совет укюмети тешкиль олгъан ильк куньден итибарен динге къар- шы куреш алып баргъаны эпимизге белли. Бу куреш коммунист парти- ясынынъ эсасчысы, Совет укюметининъ рехбери Лениннинъ «Дин халкъ ичюн афёндыр» – шиары астында алып барылды. Бутюн ибадетхане- лер, шу джумледен джамилер къапатыла, дин дерслери бермек ясакъ- лана, дин адамлары такъип астына алына, сюргюн этиле, аписке алына. Архив малюматларына мураджат этер экенмиз, шойле фактларнынъ шааты оламыз. 1920 сенесине къадар, яни Къырымда Совет укюмети- нинъ темелли оларакъ пекинген девиргедже Къырым АССРде 632 джа- ми бар эди. (1847 сенесининъ архив малюматларына коре Таврия гу- берниясында 1764 джами бар эди). 1937 сенесине келип бу джамилер- ден 609-ы къапатыла, олгъаны-оладжакъ 23 джами чалыша эди. Бу джамилернинъ имамлары да даимий незарет алтында тура эдилер. Бу девирдеки диний урф-адетлермиз насыл япылгъаныны Джын- гъыз Дагъджынынъ «О топракълар бизим эди» романындан алынгъан шойле бир эпизоднен анълатмакъ мумкюн. Роман къараманларындан бири чукъурчалы Асаннынъ къайнатасы вефат эте. Колхоз реиси Билял рахметлининъ рухуна дуа яптыртмакъ макъсадында, Хасаннынъ аву- чына бир къач кумюш пара туттура ве фысылтылы бир сеснен шойле дей: «…Тилинъни сыкъы тут ама, яхшымы! Сакъын кимсе бильмесин… Акъмесджитте, Къантар сокъагъындаки Чардакъкъавенинъ янында… Хатим дуасы япылсын… Ама унутма… Тилинъни тишингъе багъла, дедим. Мен санъа бир шей сёйлемедим, не де бир шей бердим. Усние- ге де сёйлеме. Ернинъ къулагъы бар». [5, с. 13] Иште, анълашылгъанына коре дуалар япмакъ биле ясакъ эди. Бу себептен реис Билял гизли шекильде бу ишни япмакъны Асангъа бую- ра. Даа бир шей. Балабан бир Чукъурчада Къуран окъуйджакъ, бир дуа алып бараджакъ кимсе олмагъанындан, бу ишни Акъмесджитте яшагъан Эшреф эфендиге авале этелер. Атеизм гъаелерининъ инсанларнынъ маневий аятына япкъан теси- рини анълатмакъ ичюн кене Джынгъыз Дагъджынынъ эсерлерине му- раджат этеджекмиз. Языджынынъ “Анама мектюплер” романында къы- зылташлылардан бирисининъ ораза айында кой джамисининъ янындан кечеркен, джемаат корьсюн деп, аселет тютюн ичип кече. Не ичюн бой- 4 КРЫМСКИЙ АРХИВ, 2015, № 1 (16) ле япкъаныны анълатмакъ къыйын. Бельки, озь койдешлерине кенди- сининъ коммунист гъаелерине не дереджеде садыкъ бир инсан олгъа- ныны косьтермеге истедими экен, аджеба. Атеизм гъаелерининъкъырымтатар эдиплерининъ иджадына япкъан тесирини косьтермек ичюн бир къач мисаллер кетирмек ерли олур. Шаир Эшреф Шемьи-заденинъ 1937 сенеси язгъан «Яшлыгъымнен корюшюв» шииринде шойле сатырлар бар: Меним танърым – Ленин сёзю, Гурь табиат агъушы. Сыкъ орманда чокъракъларнынъ Шылдыр-шылдыр акъышы. Меним танърым – Огинский Полонези, «Эльвида!» Саниенинъ яныкъ сеси, Борлу, Долу, Къайтарма. [2, с. 120] Атеизм гъаелерининъ тесирини шаир Ыргъат Къадырнынъ «Васи- ет» серлевалы шииринде даа юксек бир басамакъкъа котерильгенининъ шааты оламыз. Шиирнинъ шу сатырларыны иман саиби олгъан кимсе- лернинъ
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